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Han Y, Li J, Pang Y, Xu L, Ma Q, Liu H, Song X, Su P, Sun F, Gou M, Lu J, Shan Y, Liu X, Li Q. Lamprey VLRB participates in pathogen detection, VLRB/L-BLNK/L-NF-κB (B-like cells) signal transduction, and development. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 105:446-456. [PMID: 32512043 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In jawed vertebrates, B cell receptors (BCR) are primary pathogen detectors that activate downstream signaling pathways to express adaptive immune effectors. In jawless vertebrates, the variable lymphocyte receptors (VLR) B positive lymphocytes can express and secrete specific VLRB molecules in an analogous manner to that of immunoglobulins by B cells in jawed vertebrates. Our study is the first to demonstrate the possibility of incubation of fertilized eggs and artificial breeding of Lampetra morii larvae throughout their life cycle under laboratory condition. We also found that VLRB, lamprey B-cell linker (L-BLNK), and lamprey nuclear factor-kappa B (L-NF-κB) play key roles in early larval development. Aeromonas hydrophila was found to be a lethal pathogen of L. morii larvae causing rapid infection at a concentration of 107 cfu/mL qRT-PCR results revealed that gene expression levels of VLRB, L-BLNK, and L-NF-κB were up-regulated significantly. Ten-day infection trials showed that VLRB, L-BLNK, and L-NF-κB are crucial for lamprey immune response. Furthermore, the expression levels of L-BLNK and L-NF-κB were down-regulated drastically both at mRNA and protein levels after bacterial infection than in the naive group of VLRB morphants. A similar expression pattern of VLRB and L-BLNK was found in L-NF-κB morphants post bacterial infection. The results were strikingly different in the other two morphants. The VLRB and L-NF-κB expression levels were found to be down-regulated at mRNA and protein levels by less than 30% and 45%, respectively, in L-BLNK morphants compared to those in the naive group. These results indicate that L-BLNK and L-NF-κB might participate in VLRB-mediated immune response. Additionally, in VLRB morphants, the mRNA expression levels of some genes, especially the ones expressed in VLRB+ lymphocytes but not in VLRA+ lymphocytes, were found to be affected. Therefore, these findings of B-like lymphocytes in lamprey offer key evidence with regard to the evolution of adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglun Han
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Liaoning Institute of Freshwater Fisheries Sciences, Liaoyang, 111000, China
| | - Yue Pang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Lei Xu
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China; Beijing Cheng Mao Xing Ye Technology CO., LTD, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qinghua Ma
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Huaixiu Liu
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Xiaoping Song
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Peng Su
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Feng Sun
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Meng Gou
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Jingjing Lu
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Yue Shan
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
| | - Qingwei Li
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
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