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Cao X, Huang M, Wang S, Li T, Huang Y. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus: Characteristics, influence, and regulation mechanism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108812. [PMID: 38875781 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a DNA virus belonging to the genus Begomovirus, significantly impedes the growth and development of numerous host plants, including tomatoes and peppers. Due to its rapid mutation rate and frequent recombination events, achieving complete control of TYLCV proves exceptionally challenging. Consequently, identifying resistance mechanisms become crucial for safeguarding host plants from TYLCV-induced damage. This review article delves into the global distribution, dispersal patterns, and defining characteristics of TYLCV. Moreover, the intricate interplay between TYLCV and various influencing factors, such as insect vectors, susceptible host plants, and abiotic stresses, plays a pivotal role in plant-TYLCV interactions. The review offers an updated perspective on recent investigations focused on plant response mechanisms to TYLCV infection, including the intricate relationship between TYLCV, whiteflies, and regulatory factors. This comprehensive analysis aims to establish a foundation for future research endeavors exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying TYLCV infection and the development of plant resistance through breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Cao
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong Province, 276000, China
| | - Mengna Huang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong Province, 276000, China
| | - Shimei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, China
| | - Tong Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, China.
| | - Ying Huang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong Province, 276000, China.
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Yang T, Zhao X, Bai J, Lv W, Chen Q, Hu J, Liu G, Zhao Y, Zhou H, Zhao M, Zheng H. Transcriptome analysis of genes involved in the pathogenesis mechanism of potato virus Y in potato cultivar YouJin. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1353814. [PMID: 38511006 PMCID: PMC10951100 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1353814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) can be infected by various viruses, but out of all of viruses, the potato virus Y (PVY) is the most detrimental. Research shows that the potato cultivar YouJin is especially vulnerable to PVY and displays severe symptoms, including leaf vein chlorosis, curled leaf margins, large necrotic spots on the leaf blades, and the growth of small new leaves. Methods PVY infection in potato cultivar YouJin was confirmed through symptom observation, RT-PCR, and Western blot analysis. Transcriptome sequencing was used to analyze the genes associated with PVY pathogenesis in this cultivar. Result Transcriptome analysis of differential genes was conducted in this study to examine the pathogenesis of PVY on YouJin. The results showed that 1,949 genes were differentially regulated, including 853 upregulated genes and 1,096 downregulated genes. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis indicated that carbohydrate synthesis and metabolism pathways were suppressed, and electron transferase and hydrolase activities were reduced. Moreover, there were increased expression levels of protein kinase genes. By focusing on plant-pathogen interaction pathways, six core genes all upregulating the WARK family of transcription factors were obtained. Additionally, a constructed PPI network revealed the identification of key modular differential genes, such as downregulated photosynthesis-related protein genes and upregulated AP2/ERF-ERF transcription factors. Functional network enrichment analysis revealed that PVY infection limited RNA metabolism, glutathionylation, and peroxiredoxin activity while triggering the expression of associated defense genes in YouJin. After analyzing the above, 26 DEGs were screened and 12 DEGs were confirmed via RT-qPCR. Conclusion These results establish a hypothetical framework for clarifying the pathogenesis of PVY in the YouJin variety of potatoes, which will help design the disease resistance of YouJin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Yang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xingyue Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jinjiang Bai
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Wenxia Lv
- Inner Mongolia Zhongjia Agricultural Biotechnology Co., Siziwang Banner, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Siziwang Banner Agricultural and Livestock Products Quality and Safety Inspection and Testing Station, Siziwang Banner, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Inner Mongolia Zhongjia Agricultural Biotechnology Co., Siziwang Banner, China
| | - Guangjing Liu
- Inner Mongolia Zhongjia Agricultural Biotechnology Co., Siziwang Banner, China
| | - Yuanzheng Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Hongyou Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of the Development and Resource Utilization of Biological Pesticide in Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, China
| | - Mingmin Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of the Development and Resource Utilization of Biological Pesticide in Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, China
| | - Hongli Zheng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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Wang Y, Zhang W, Hong C, Zhai L, Wang X, Zhou L, Song A, Jiang J, Wang L, Chen F, Chen S. Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) CmHRE2-like negatively regulates the resistance of chrysanthemum to the aphid (Macrosiphoniella sanborni). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:76. [PMID: 38281936 PMCID: PMC10823704 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growth and ornamental value of chrysanthemums are frequently hindered by aphid attacks. The ethylene-responsive factor (ERF) gene family is pivotal in responding to biotic stress, including insect stress. However, to date, little is known regarding the involvement of ERF transcription factors (TFs) in the response of chrysanthemum to aphids. RESULTS In the present study, CmHRE2-like from chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium), a transcription activator that localizes mainly to the nucleus, was cloned. Expression is induced by aphid infestation. Overexpression of CmHRE2-like in chrysanthemum mediated its susceptibility to aphids, whereas CmHRE2-like-SRDX dominant repressor transgenic plants enhanced the resistance of chrysanthemum to aphids, suggesting that CmHRE2-like contributes to the susceptibility of chrysanthemum to aphids. The flavonoids in CmHRE2-like-overexpression plants were decreased by 29% and 28% in two different lines, whereas they were increased by 42% and 29% in CmHRE2-like-SRDX dominant repressor transgenic plants. The expression of Chrysanthemum-chalcone-synthase gene(CmCHS), chalcone isomerase gene (CmCHI), and flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase gene(CmF3'H) was downregulated in CmHRE2-like overexpression plants and upregulated in CmHRE2-like-SRDX dominant repressor transgenic plants, suggesting that CmHRE2-like regulates the resistance of chrysanthemum to aphids partially through the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis. CONCLUSION CmHRE2-like was a key gene regulating the vulnerability of chrysanthemum to aphids. This study offers fresh perspectives on the molecular mechanisms of chrysanthemum-aphid interactions and may bear practical significance for developing new strategies to manage aphid infestation in chrysanthemums.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wanwan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chaojun Hong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lisheng Zhai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xinhui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lijie Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Aiping Song
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiafu Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Likai Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fadi Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sumei Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P. R. China.
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Wang Y, Liu D, Yin H, Wang H, Cao C, Wang J, Zheng J, Liu J. Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses of the Response of Resistant Peanut Seeds to Aspergillus flavus Infection. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:414. [PMID: 37505683 PMCID: PMC10467056 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15070414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Peanut seeds are susceptible to Aspergillus flavus infection, which has a severe impact on the peanut industry and human health. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this defense remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differential metabolites during A. flavus infection between Zhonghua 6 and Yuanza 9102 by transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis. A total of 5768 DEGs were detected in the transcriptomic study. Further functional analysis showed that some DEGs were significantly enriched in pectinase catabolism, hydrogen peroxide decomposition and cell wall tissues of resistant varieties at the early stage of infection, while these genes were differentially enriched in the middle and late stages of infection in the nonresponsive variety Yuanza 9102. Some DEGs, such as those encoding transcription factors, disease course-related proteins, peroxidase (POD), chitinase and phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL), were highly expressed in the infection stage. Metabolomic analysis yielded 349 differential metabolites. Resveratrol, cinnamic acid, coumaric acid, ferulic acid in phenylalanine metabolism and 13S-HPODE in the linolenic acid metabolism pathway play major and active roles in peanut resistance to A. flavus. Combined analysis of the differential metabolites and DEGs showed that they were mainly enriched in phenylpropane metabolism and the linolenic acid metabolism pathway. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses further confirmed that peanuts infected with A. flavus activates various defense mechanisms, and the response to A. flavus is more rapid in resistant materials. These results can be used to further elucidate the molecular mechanism of peanut resistance to A. flavus infection and provide directions for early detection of infection and for breeding peanut varieties resistant to aflatoxin contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jihong Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Y.W.); (D.L.); (H.Y.); (H.W.); (C.C.); (J.W.); (J.Z.)
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Zhu Z, Wei L, Guo L, Bao H, Wang X, Kear P, Wang Z, Zhu G. Integrated Full-Length Transcriptome and Metabolome Profiling Reveals Flavonoid Regulation in Response to Freezing Stress in Potato. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2054. [PMID: 37653971 PMCID: PMC10223400 DOI: 10.3390/plants12102054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Cold stress impairs plant growth and development, resulting in crop failure. Cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is sensitive to freezing, while its wild relative, S. commersonii, has a strong freezing tolerance. To decipher the anti-freezing mechanism of CM, we carried out a transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of an anti-freezing variety of CM (a type of S. commersonii) and a freeze-sensitive variety of DM (a type of Solanum tuberosum L.). A total of 49,232 high-quality transcripts from 12,811 gene loci, including 46,772 coding sequences and 2018 non-coding RNAs, were identified. KEEG enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two varieties showed that the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway was strongly induced by freezing stress, which was proven by flavonoid metabolome analysis. Consistent with the accumulation of more flavonoids, nearly all the pathway genes were significantly upregulated in CM than those in DM. The transcript levels of two chalcone synthase (CHS-1) isoforms and four isoforms of flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H-1) were confirmed by qRT-PCR. Co-expression analysis identified one Myb-related and three UGTs (UDP-glycosyltransferase) that were significantly upregulated in CM during freezing stress. Our findings support that the flavonoid pathway was significantly enhanced by freezing stress and the greater accumulation ofglycosylatedflavonoids in resistant types than that of sensitive types, maybe accounting for the increased freezing tolerance of freeze-resistant potato varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Zhu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Potato Biology, Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lingling Wei
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Potato Biology, Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Potato Biology, Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Huihui Bao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Potato Biology, Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Potato Biology, Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Philip Kear
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- International Potato Center (CIP), CIP China Center for Asia Pacific, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guangtao Zhu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Potato Biology, Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
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Viswanath KK, Kuo SY, Tu CW, Hsu YH, Huang YW, Hu CC. The Role of Plant Transcription Factors in the Fight against Plant Viruses. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098433. [PMID: 37176135 PMCID: PMC10179606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are vulnerable to the challenges of unstable environments and pathogen infections due to their immobility. Among various stress conditions, viral infection is a major threat that causes significant crop loss. In response to viral infection, plants undergo complex molecular and physiological changes, which trigger defense and morphogenic pathways. Transcription factors (TFs), and their interactions with cofactors and cis-regulatory genomic elements, are essential for plant defense mechanisms. The transcriptional regulation by TFs is crucial in establishing plant defense and associated activities during viral infections. Therefore, identifying and characterizing the critical genes involved in the responses of plants against virus stress is essential for the development of transgenic plants that exhibit enhanced tolerance or resistance. This article reviews the current understanding of the transcriptional control of plant defenses, with a special focus on NAC, MYB, WRKY, bZIP, and AP2/ERF TFs. The review provides an update on the latest advances in understanding how plant TFs regulate defense genes expression during viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotapati Kasi Viswanath
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Song-Yi Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Wei Tu
- Ph.D. Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Heiu Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Centre, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Wen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Centre, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chi Hu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Centre, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
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Xue Y, Sun J, Lu F, Bie X, Li Y, Lu Y, Lu Z, Lin F. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that Bacillomycin D-C16 induces multiple pathways of disease resistance in cherry tomato. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:218. [PMID: 37098460 PMCID: PMC10131338 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09305-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacillomycin D-C16 can induce resistance in cherry tomato against pathogens; however, the underlying molecular mechanism is poorly understood. Here, the effect of Bacillomycin D-C16 on induction of disease resistance in cherry tomato was investigated using a transcriptomic analysis. RESULTS Transcriptomic analysis revealed a series of obvious enrichment pathways. Bacillomycin D-C16 induced phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways and activated the synthesis of defense-related metabolites including phenolic acids and lignin. Moreover, Bacillomycin D-C16 triggered a defense response through both hormone signal transduction and plant-pathogen interactions pathways, and increased the transcription of several transcription factors (e.g., AP2/ERF, WRKY and MYB). These transcription factors might contribute to the further activated the expression of defense-related genes (PR1, PR10 and CHI) and stimulated the accumulation of H2O2. CONCLUSION Bacillomycin D-C16 can induce resistance in cherry tomato by activating the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, hormone signal transduction pathway and plant-pathogen interactions pathway, thus activating comprehensive defense reaction against pathogen invasion. These results provided a new insight into the bio-preservation of cherry tomato by the Bacillomycin D-C16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Xue
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengxia Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaomei Bie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanhong Li
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yingjian Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Fuxing Lin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
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8
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Sharaf A, Nuc P, Ripl J, Alquicer G, Ibrahim E, Wang X, Maruthi MN, Kundu JK. Transcriptome Dynamics in Triticum aestivum Genotypes Associated with Resistance against the Wheat Dwarf Virus. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030689. [PMID: 36992398 PMCID: PMC10054045 DOI: 10.3390/v15030689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat dwarf virus (WDV) is one of the most important pathogens of cereal crops worldwide. To understand the molecular mechanism of resistance, here we investigated the comparative transcriptome of wheat genotypes with different levels of resistance (Svitava and Fengyou 3) and susceptibility (Akteur) to WDV. We found a significantly higher number of differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) in the susceptible genotype than in the resistant one (e.g., Svitava). The number of downregulated transcripts was also higher in the susceptible genotype than in the resistant one (Svitava) and the opposite was true for the upregulated transcripts. Further functional analysis of gene ontology (GO) enrichment identified a total of 114 GO terms for the DETs. Of these, 64 biological processes, 28 cellular components and 22 molecular function GO terms were significantly enriched. A few of these genes appear to have a specific expression pattern related to resistance or susceptibility to WDV infection. Validation of the expression pattern by RT-qPCR showed that glycosyltransferase was significantly downregulated in the susceptible genotype compared to the resistant genotypes after WDV infection, while CYCLIN-T1-3, a regulator of CDK kinases (cyclin-dependent kinase), was upregulated. On the other hand, the expression pattern of the transcription factor (TF) MYB (TraesCS4B02G174600.2; myeloblastosis domain of transcription factor) was downregulated by WDV infection in the resistant genotypes compared to the susceptible genotype, while a large number of TFs belonging to 54 TF families were differentially expressed due to WDV infection. In addition, two transcripts (TraesCS7A02G341400.1 and TraesCS3B02G239900.1) were upregulated with uncharacterised proteins involved in transport and regulation of cell growth, respectively. Altogether, our findings showed a clear gene expression profile associated with resistance or susceptibility of wheat to WDV. In future studies, we will explore the regulatory network within the same experiment context. This knowledge will broaden not only the future for the development of virus-resistant wheat genotypes but also the future of genetic improvement of cereals for resilience and WDV-resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoallah Sharaf
- Plant Virus and Vector Interactions, Centre for Plant Virus Research, Crop Research Institute, 16106 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.S.); (P.N.); (J.R.); (G.A.); (E.I.)
| | - Przemysław Nuc
- Plant Virus and Vector Interactions, Centre for Plant Virus Research, Crop Research Institute, 16106 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.S.); (P.N.); (J.R.); (G.A.); (E.I.)
| | - Jan Ripl
- Plant Virus and Vector Interactions, Centre for Plant Virus Research, Crop Research Institute, 16106 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.S.); (P.N.); (J.R.); (G.A.); (E.I.)
| | - Glenda Alquicer
- Plant Virus and Vector Interactions, Centre for Plant Virus Research, Crop Research Institute, 16106 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.S.); (P.N.); (J.R.); (G.A.); (E.I.)
| | - Emad Ibrahim
- Plant Virus and Vector Interactions, Centre for Plant Virus Research, Crop Research Institute, 16106 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.S.); (P.N.); (J.R.); (G.A.); (E.I.)
| | - Xifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Midatharahally N. Maruthi
- Agriculture, Health and Environment Department, Natural Resources Institute, Medway Campus, University of Greenwich, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, UK;
| | - Jiban Kumar Kundu
- Plant Virus and Vector Interactions, Centre for Plant Virus Research, Crop Research Institute, 16106 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.S.); (P.N.); (J.R.); (G.A.); (E.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-233-022-410
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Yan W, Jian Y, Duan S, Guo X, Hu J, Yang X, Li G. Dissection of the Plant Hormone Signal Transduction Network in Late Blight-Resistant Potato Genotype SD20 and Prediction of Key Resistance Genes. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:528-538. [PMID: 36173283 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-04-22-0124-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hormones play an important role in plant disease resistance and defense. Transcriptome data of late blight-resistant potato genotype SD20 treated by ethylene (ET), jasmonate (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and Phytophthora infestans CN152 was analyzed to assess the role of the ET/JA/SA regulatory network in plant disease resistance and defense and predict key resistant genes. The results show that there was significant crossover of differentially expressed genes among all treatments, and common and specific plant disease interaction genes for the ET, JA, and SA treatments were differentially expressed in the CN152 treatment. The resistance and defense genes of the potato genotype SD20 could be induced to regulate metabolic and hormone signaling pathways by alternative splicing in all treatments. Further analysis found that JA and ET pathways can work together synergistically. JA/ET and SA pathways antagonize each other to initiate the expression of calmodulin-domain protein kinases and calmodulin/calmodulin-like and RPM1-interacting protein 4 genes, and they activate HSP-mediated hypersensitive response and defense-related genes. Meanwhile, nine defense genes, including wound-responsive AP2-like factor, glutathione-s-transferase, serine/threonine-protein kinase BRI1, and Avr9/Cf-9 rapidly elicited protein genes, were obtained using weighted gene coexpression network analysis, which provided reliable targets for functional verification. This study provides a theoretical reference for the comprehensive application of plant hormones to improve resistance to potato late blight disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Yan
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Yinqiao Jian
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Shaoguang Duan
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Guo
- Vegetable Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Molecular Biology Key Laboratory of Shandong Facility Vegetable, National Vegetable Improvement Center Shandong Sub-Center, Huang-Huai-Hai Region Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Vegetables, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jinan 250100, P.R. China
| | - Jun Hu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- Vegetable Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Molecular Biology Key Laboratory of Shandong Facility Vegetable, National Vegetable Improvement Center Shandong Sub-Center, Huang-Huai-Hai Region Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Vegetables, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jinan 250100, P.R. China
| | - Guangcun Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
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Dong Y, Zhu H, Qiu D. Hrip1 enhances tomato resistance to yellow leaf curl virus by manipulating the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and plant hormone pathway. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:11. [PMID: 36532856 PMCID: PMC9755419 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03426-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) causes tremendous losses of tomato worldwide. An elicitor Hrip1, which produced by Alternaria tenuissima, can serve as a pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to trigger the immune defense response in Nicotiana benthamiana. Here, we show that Hrip1 can be targeted to the extracellular space and significantly delayed the development of symptoms caused by TYLCV in tomato. In basis of RNA-seq profiling, we find that 1621 differential expression genes (DEGs) with the opposite expression patterns are enriched in plant response to biotic stress between Hrip1 treatment and TYLCV infection of tomato. Thirty-two known differential expression miRNAs with the opposite expression patterns are identified by small RNA sequencing and the target genes of these miRNAs are significantly enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction and peroxisome. Based on the Pearson correlation analysis, 13 negative and 21 positive correlations are observed between differential expression miRNAs and DEGs. These miRNAs, which act as a key mediator of tomato resistance to TYLCV induced by Hrip1, regulate the expression of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction-related genes. Taken together, our results provide an insight into tomato resistance to TYLCV induced by PAMP at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03426-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Dong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center (GDMCC), Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agri-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Honghui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center (GDMCC), Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dewen Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agri-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
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11
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Zhong X, Yang L, Li J, Tang Z, Wu C, Zhang L, Zhou X, Wang Y, Wang Z. Integrated next-generation sequencing and comparative transcriptomic analysis of leaves provides novel insights into the ethylene pathway of Chrysanthemum morifolium in response to a Chinese isolate of chrysanthemum virus B. Virol J 2022; 19:182. [DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01890-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Chrysanthemum virus B (CVB), a key member of the genus Carlavirus, family Betaflexiviridae, causes severe viral diseases in chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) plants worldwide. However, information on the mechanisms underlying the response of chrysanthemum plants to CVB is scant.
Methods
Here, an integrated next-generation sequencing and comparative transcriptomic analysis of chrysanthemum leaves was conducted to explore the molecular response mechanisms of plants to a Chinese isolate of CVB (CVB-CN) at the molecular level.
Results
In total, 4934 significant differentially expressed genes (SDEGs) were identified to respond to CVB-CN, of which 4097 were upregulated and 837 were downregulated. Gene ontology and functional classification showed that the majority of upregulated SDEGs were categorized into gene cohorts involved in plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, and ribosome metabolism. Enrichment analysis demonstrated that ethylene pathway-related genes were significantly upregulated following CVB-CN infection, indicating a strong promotion of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling. Furthermore, disruption of the ethylene pathway in Nicotiana benthamiana, a model plant, using virus-induced gene silencing technology rendered them more susceptible to cysteine-rich protein of CVB-CN induced hypersensitive response, suggesting a crucial role of this pathway in response to CVB-CN infection.
Conclusion
This study provides evidence that ethylene pathway has an essential role of plant in response to CVB and offers valuable insights into the defense mechanisms of chrysanthemum against Carlavirus.
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Characterization of Virus-Inducible Orchid Argonaute 5b Promoter and Its Functional Characterization in Nicotiana benthamiana during Virus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179825. [PMID: 36077222 PMCID: PMC9456093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant ARGONAUTES (AGOs) play a significant role in the defense against viral infection. Previously, we have demonstrated that AGO5s encoded in Phalaenopsis aphrodite subsp. formosana (PaAGO5s) took an indispensable part in defense against major viruses. To understand the underlying defense mechanism, we cloned PaAGO5s promoters (pPaAGO5s) and analyzed their activity in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana using β-glucuronidase (GUS) as a reporter gene. GUS activity analyses revealed that during Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV) and Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) infections, pPaAGO5b activity was significantly increased compared to pPaAGO5a and pPaAGO5c. Analysis of pPaAGO5b 5′-deletion revealed that pPaAGO5b_941 has higher activity during virus infection. Further, yeast one-hybrid analysis showed that the transcription factor NbMYB30 physically interacted with pPaAGO5b_941 to enhance its activity. Overexpression and silencing of NbMYB30 resulted in up- and downregulation of GUS expression, respectively. Exogenous application and endogenous measurement of phytohormones have shown that methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid respond to viral infections. NbMYB30 overexpression and its closest related protein, PaMYB30, in P. aphrodite subsp. formosana reduced CymMV accumulation in P. aphrodite subsp. formosana. Based on these discoveries, this study uncovers the interaction between virus-responsive promoter and the corresponding transcription factor in plants.
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Li S, Wu P, Yu X, Cao J, Chen X, Gao L, Chen K, Grierson D. Contrasting Roles of Ethylene Response Factors in Pathogen Response and Ripening in Fleshy Fruit. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162484. [PMID: 36010560 PMCID: PMC9406635 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fleshy fruits are generally hard and unpalatable when unripe; however, as they mature, their quality is transformed by the complex and dynamic genetic and biochemical process of ripening, which affects all cell compartments. Ripening fruits are enriched with nutrients such as acids, sugars, vitamins, attractive volatiles and pigments and develop a pleasant taste and texture and become attractive to eat. Ripening also increases sensitivity to pathogens, and this presents a crucial problem for fruit postharvest transport and storage: how to enhance pathogen resistance while maintaining ripening quality. Fruit development and ripening involve many changes in gene expression regulated by transcription factors (TFs), some of which respond to hormones such as auxin, abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene. Ethylene response factor (ERF) TFs regulate both fruit ripening and resistance to pathogen stresses. Different ERFs regulate fruit ripening and/or pathogen responses in both fleshy climacteric and non-climacteric fruits and function cooperatively or independently of other TFs. In this review, we summarize the current status of studies on ERFs that regulate fruit ripening and responses to infection by several fungal pathogens, including a systematic ERF transcriptome analysis of fungal grey mould infection of tomato caused by Botrytis cinerea. This deepening understanding of the function of ERFs in fruit ripening and pathogen responses may identify novel approaches for engineering transcriptional regulation to improve fruit quality and pathogen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (D.G.)
| | - Pan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaofen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jinping Cao
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xia Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Kunsong Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Donald Grierson
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (D.G.)
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Ke YD, Huang YW, Viswanath KK, Hu CC, Yeh CM, Mitsuda N, Lin NS, Hsu YH. NbNAC42 and NbZFP3 Transcription Factors Regulate the Virus Inducible NbAGO5 Promoter in Nicotiana benthamiana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:924482. [PMID: 35812928 PMCID: PMC9261433 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.924482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant argonautes (AGOs) play important roles in the defense responses against viruses. The expression of Nicotiana benthamiana AGO5 gene (NbAGO5) is highly induced by Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) infection; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we have analyzed the potential promoter activities of NbAGO5 and its interactions with viral proteins by using a 2,000 bp fragment, designated as PN1, upstream to the translation initiation of NbAGO5. PN1 and seven serial 5'-deletion mutants (PN2-PN8) were fused with a β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter and introduced into the N. benthamiana genome by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation for further characterization. It was found that PN4-GUS transgenic plants were able to drive strong GUS expression in the whole plant. In the virus infection tests, the GUS activity was strongly induced in PN4-GUS transgenic plants after being challenged with potexviruses. Infiltration of the transgenic plants individually with BaMV coat protein (CP) or triple gene block protein 1 (TGBp1) revealed that only TGBp1 was crucial for inducing the NbAGO5 promoter. To identify the factors responsible for controlling the activity of the NbAGO5 promoter, we employed yeast one-hybrid screening on a transcription factor cDNA library. The result showed that NbNAC42 and NbZFP3 could directly bind the 704 bp promoter regions of NbAGO5. By using overexpressing and virus-induced gene silencing techniques, we found that NbNAC42 and NbZFP3 regulated and downregulated, respectively, the expression of the NbAGO5 gene. Upon virus infection, NbNAC42 played an important role in regulating the expression of NbAGO5. Together, these results provide new insights into the modulation of the defense mechanism of N. benthamiana against viruses. This virus inducible promoter could be an ideal candidate to drive the target gene expression that could improve the anti-virus abilities of crops in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Dun Ke
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Wen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Chung-Chi Hu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Ming Yeh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Mitsuda
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Na-Sheng Lin
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Heiu Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Tomato zonate spot virus induced hypersensitive resistance via an auxin-related pathway in pepper. Gene 2022; 823:146320. [PMID: 35218893 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tomato zonate spotvirus (TZSV) often incurs significant losses in many food and ornamental crops in Yunnan province, China, and the surrounding areas. The pepper (Capsicum chinensePI152225)can develop hypersensitive resistance following infection with TZSV, through an as yet unknown mechanism. The transcriptome dataset showed a total of 45.81 GB of clean data were obtained from six libraries, and the average percentage of the reads mapped to the pepper genome was over 90.00 %. A total of 1403 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained after TZSV infection, including 825significantly up-regulated genes and 578 down-regulated genes. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses indicated that most up-regulated DEGs were involved in basal defenses. RT-qPCR, and virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) were used preliminarily to identifyBBC_22506 and BBC_18917, among total of 71 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), that play a key role in mediating the auxin-induced signaling pathway that might take part in hypersensitive response (HR) conferred resistance to viral infection in pepper (PI152225) byTZSV. This is the first study on the mechanism of auxin resistance, involved in defense responses of pepper against viral diseases, which lay the foundation for further study on the pathogenic mechanism of TZSV, as well as the mechanism of resistance to TZSV, in peppers.
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Defense Strategies: The Role of Transcription Factors in Tomato-Pathogen Interaction. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020235. [PMID: 35205101 PMCID: PMC8869667 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Tomato is one of the most cultivated and economically important vegetable crops throughout the world. It is affected by a panoply of different pathogens that cause infectious diseases that reduce tomato yield and affect product quality, with the most common symptoms being wilts, leaf spots/blights, fruit spots, and rots. To survive, tomato, as other plants, have developed elaborate defense mechanisms against plant pathogens. Among several genes already identified in tomato response to pathogens, we highlight those encoding the transcription factors (TFs). TFs are regulators of gene expression and are involved in large-scale biological phenomena. Here, we present an overview of recent studies of tomato TFs regarding defense responses to pathogen attack, selected for their abundance, importance, and availability of functionally well-characterized members. Tomato TFs’ roles and the possibilities related to their use for genetic engineering in view of crop breeding are presented. Abstract Tomato, one of the most cultivated and economically important vegetable crops throughout the world, is affected by a panoply of different pathogens that reduce yield and affect product quality. The study of tomato–pathogen system arises as an ideal system for better understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying disease resistance, offering an opportunity of improving yield and quality of the products. Among several genes already identified in tomato response to pathogens, we highlight those encoding the transcription factors (TFs). TFs act as transcriptional activators or repressors of gene expression and are involved in large-scale biological phenomena. They are key regulators of central components of plant innate immune system and basal defense in diverse biological processes, including defense responses to pathogens. Here, we present an overview of recent studies of tomato TFs regarding defense responses to biotic stresses. Hence, we focus on different families of TFs, selected for their abundance, importance, and availability of functionally well-characterized members in response to pathogen attack. Tomato TFs’ roles and possibilities related to their use for engineering pathogen resistance in tomato are presented. With this review, we intend to provide new insights into the regulation of tomato defense mechanisms against invading pathogens in view of plant breeding.
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Ghosh D, Chakraborty S. Molecular interplay between phytohormones and geminiviruses: a saga of a never-ending arms race. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:2903-2917. [PMID: 33577676 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Geminiviruses can infect a wide range of plant hosts worldwide and have hence become an emerging global agroeconomic threat. The association of these viruses with satellite molecules and highly efficient insect vectors such as whiteflies further prime their devastating impacts. Plants elicit a strong antiviral immune response to restrict the invasion of these destructive pathogens. Phytohormones help plants to mount this response and occupy a key position in combating these biotrophs. These defense hormones not only inhibit geminiviral propagation but also hamper viral transmission by compromising the performance of their insect vectors. Nonetheless, geminiviruses have co-evolved to have a few multitasking virulence factors that readily remodel host cellular machineries to circumvent the phytohormone-mediated manifestation of the immune response. Furthermore, these obligate parasites exploit plant growth hormones to produce a cellular environment permissive for virus replication. In this review, we outline the current understanding of the roles and regulation of phytohormones in geminiviral pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyendu Ghosh
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Supriya Chakraborty
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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Cao D, Lin Z, Huang L, Damaris RN, Yang P. Genome-wide analysis of AP2/ERF superfamily in lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) and the association between NnADAP and rhizome morphology. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:171. [PMID: 33750315 PMCID: PMC7945336 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07473-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The AP2/ERF family is widely present in plants and plays a crucial regulatory role in plant growth and development. As an essential aquatic horticultural model plant, lotus has an increasingly prominent economic and research value. Results We have identified and analysed the AP2/ERF gene family in the lotus. Initially, 121 AP2/ERF family genes were identified. By analysing their gene distribution and protein structure, and their expression patterns during the development of lotus rhizome, combined with previous studies, we obtained an SNP (megascaffold_20:3578539) associated with lotus rhizome phenotype. This SNP was in the NnADAP gene of the AP2 subfamily, and the changes in SNP (C/T) caused amino acid conversion (proline/leucine). We constructed a population of 95 lotus varieties for SNP verification. Through population typing experiments, we found that the group with SNP CC had significantly larger lotus rhizome and higher soluble sugar content among the population. Conclusions In conclusion, we speculate that the alteration of the SNP in the NnADAP can affect the size and sugar content of the lotus rhizome. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07473-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingding Cao
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Zhongyuan Lin
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Longyu Huang
- Institute of Cotton Research of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Rebecca Njeri Damaris
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Pingfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
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Sáez C, Flores-León A, Montero-Pau J, Sifres A, Dhillon NPS, López C, Picó B. RNA-Seq Transcriptome Analysis Provides Candidate Genes for Resistance to Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus in Melon. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:798858. [PMID: 35116050 PMCID: PMC8805612 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.798858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) emerged in the Mediterranean Basin in 2012 as the first DNA bipartite begomovirus (Geminiviridae family), causing severe yield and economic losses in cucurbit crops. A major resistance locus was identified in the wild melon accession WM-7 (Cucumis melo kachri group), but the mechanisms involved in the resistant response remained unknown. In this work, we used RNA-sequencing to identify disease-associated genes that are differentially expressed in the course of ToLCNDV infection and could contribute to resistance. Transcriptomes of the resistant WM-7 genotype and the susceptible cultivar Piñonet Piel de Sapo (PS) (C. melo ibericus group) in ToLCNDV and mock inoculated plants were compared at four time points during infection (0, 3, 6, and 12 days post inoculation). Different gene expression patterns were observed over time in the resistant and susceptible genotypes in comparison to their respective controls. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ToLCNDV-infected plants were classified using gene ontology (GO) terms, and genes of the categories transcription, DNA replication, and helicase activity were downregulated in WM-7 but upregulated in PS, suggesting that reduced activity of these functions reduces ToLCNDV replication and intercellular spread and thereby contributes to resistance. DEGs involved in the jasmonic acid signaling pathway, photosynthesis, RNA silencing, transmembrane, and sugar transporters entail adverse consequences for systemic infection in the resistant genotype, and lead to susceptibility in PS. The expression levels of selected candidate genes were validated by qRT-PCR to corroborate their differential expression upon ToLCNDV infection in resistant and susceptible melon. Furthermore, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) with an effect on structural functionality of DEGs linked to the main QTLs for ToLCNDV resistance have been identified. The obtained results pinpoint cellular functions and candidate genes that are differentially expressed in a resistant and susceptible melon line in response to ToLCNDV, an information of great relevance for breeding ToLCNDV-resistant melon cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sáez
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Cristina Sáez,
| | - Alejandro Flores-León
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Montero-Pau
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alicia Sifres
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Narinder P. S. Dhillon
- World Vegetable Center, East and Southeast Asia, Research and Training Station, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Carmelo López
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- Carmelo López,
| | - Belén Picó
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- Belén Picó,
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Feng K, Hou XL, Xing GM, Liu JX, Duan AQ, Xu ZS, Li MY, Zhuang J, Xiong AS. Advances in AP2/ERF super-family transcription factors in plant. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:750-776. [PMID: 32522044 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1768509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In the whole life process, many factors including external and internal factors affect plant growth and development. The morphogenesis, growth, and development of plants are controlled by genetic elements and are influenced by environmental stress. Transcription factors contain one or more specific DNA-binding domains, which are essential in the whole life cycle of higher plants. The AP2/ERF (APETALA2/ethylene-responsive element binding factors) transcription factors are a large group of factors that are mainly found in plants. The transcription factors of this family serve as important regulators in many biological and physiological processes, such as plant morphogenesis, responsive mechanisms to various stresses, hormone signal transduction, and metabolite regulation. In this review, we summarized the advances in identification, classification, function, regulatory mechanisms, and the evolution of AP2/ERF transcription factors in plants. AP2/ERF family factors are mainly classified into four major subfamilies: DREB (Dehydration Responsive Element-Binding), ERF (Ethylene-Responsive-Element-Binding protein), AP2 (APETALA2) and RAV (Related to ABI3/VP), and Soloists (few unclassified factors). The review summarized the reports about multiple regulatory functions of AP2/ERF transcription factors in plants. In addition to growth regulation and stress responses, the regulatory functions of AP2/ERF in plant metabolite biosynthesis have been described. We also discussed the roles of AP2/ERF transcription factors in different phytohormone-mediated signaling pathways in plants. Genomic-wide analysis indicated that AP2/ERF transcription factors were highly conserved during plant evolution. Some public databases containing the information of AP2/ERF have been introduced. The studies of AP2/ERF factors will provide important bases for plant regulatory mechanisms and molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi-Lin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guo-Ming Xing
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Improving Quality and Increased Profits of Protected Vegetables in Shanxi, Taigu, China
| | - Jie-Xia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ao-Qi Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng-Yao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Javed T, Shabbir R, Ali A, Afzal I, Zaheer U, Gao SJ. Transcription Factors in Plant Stress Responses: Challenges and Potential for Sugarcane Improvement. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E491. [PMID: 32290272 PMCID: PMC7238037 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing vulnerability of crops to a wide range of abiotic and biotic stresses can have a marked influence on the growth and yield of major crops, especially sugarcane (Saccharum spp.). In response to various stresses, plants have evolved a variety of complex defense systems of signal perception and transduction networks. Transcription factors (TFs) that are activated by different pathways of signal transduction and can directly or indirectly combine with cis-acting elements to modulate the transcription efficiency of target genes, which play key regulators for crop genetic improvement. Over the past decade, significant progresses have been made in deciphering the role of plant TFs as key regulators of environmental responses in particular important cereal crops; however, a limited amount of studies have focused on sugarcane. This review summarizes the potential functions of major TF families, such as WRKY, NAC, MYB and AP2/ERF, in regulating gene expression in the response of plants to abiotic and biotic stresses, which provides important clues for the engineering of stress-tolerant cultivars in sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talha Javed
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (T.J.); (R.S.); (A.A.); (U.Z.)
- Seed Physiology Lab., Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan;
| | - Rubab Shabbir
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (T.J.); (R.S.); (A.A.); (U.Z.)
- Seed Physiology Lab., Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan;
| | - Ahmad Ali
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (T.J.); (R.S.); (A.A.); (U.Z.)
| | - Irfan Afzal
- Seed Physiology Lab., Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan;
| | - Uroosa Zaheer
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (T.J.); (R.S.); (A.A.); (U.Z.)
| | - San-Ji Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (T.J.); (R.S.); (A.A.); (U.Z.)
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Omics applications: towards a sustainable protection of tomato. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:4185-4195. [PMID: 32185431 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10500-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptome data and gene expression analysis have a huge potential in the study of multiple relationships involving plants, pathogens, and pests, including the interactions with beneficial microorganisms such as endophytes or other functional groups. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and other recent long-read-based sequencing approaches (i.e., nanopore and others) provide unprecedented tools allowing the fast identification of plant information processing systems, in situ and in real time, fundamental for crop management and pest regulation. Other -omics approaches such as metagenomics and metatranscriptomics allow high-resolution insights on the rhizosphere ecology. They may highlight key factors affecting belowground biodiversity or processes, modulating the expression of stress-responsive pathways. The application of miRNAs and other small RNAs is a relatively new field of application, with enormous potential for the selective activation of defense pathways. However, limitations concerning the stability of the RNA molecules and their effective delivery must be overcome.
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Sun D, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Ji X, Jia Y, Wang H, Niu L, Zhang Y. Comparative transcriptome profiling uncovers a Lilium regale NAC transcription factor, LrNAC35, contributing to defence response against cucumber mosaic virus and tobacco mosaic virus. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2019; 20:1662-1681. [PMID: 31560826 PMCID: PMC6859495 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is a highly prevalent viral pathogen causing substantial damage to the bulb and cut-flower production of Lilium spp. Here, we performed an Illumina RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) study on the leaf tissues of a virus-resistant species Lilium regale inoculated with mock control and CMV. A total of 1346 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the leaves of L. regale upon CMV inoculation, which contained 34 up-regulated and 40 down-regulated DEGs that encode putative transcription factors (TFs). One up-regulated TF, LrNAC35, belonging to the NAM/ATAF/CUC (NAC) superfamily, was selected for further functional characterization. Aside from CMV, lily mottle virus and lily symptomless virus infections provoked a striking increase in LrNAC35 transcripts in both resistant and susceptible Lilium species. The treatments with low temperature and several stress-related hormones activated LrNAC35 expression, contrary to its reduced expression under salt stress. Ectopic overexpression of LrNAC35 in petunia (Petunia hybrida) resulted in reduced susceptibility to CMV and Tobacco mosaic virus infections, and enhanced accumulation of lignin in the cell walls. Four lignin biosynthetic genes, including PhC4H, Ph4CL, PhHCT and PhCCR, were found to be up-regulated in CMV-infected petunia lines overexpressing LrNAC35. In vivo promoter-binding tests showed that LrNAC35 specifically regulated the expression of Ph4CL. Taken together, our results suggest a positive role of transcriptome-derived LrNAC35 in transcriptional modulation of host defence against viral attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyang Sun
- College of Landscape Architecture and ArtsNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China
| | - Xinguo Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and ArtsNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and ArtsNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China
| | - Xiaotong Ji
- College of Landscape Architecture and ArtsNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China
| | - Yong Jia
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary and Life SciencesMurdoch UniversityPerth6150Australia
| | - Hong Wang
- Institute of Pomology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic ImprovementJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing210014China
| | - Lixin Niu
- College of Landscape Architecture and ArtsNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and ArtsNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China
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Li T, Wang YH, Liu JX, Feng K, Xu ZS, Xiong AS. Advances in genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic approaches to study biotic stress in fruit crops. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2019; 39:680-692. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1608153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie-Xia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Li T, Huang Y, Xu ZS, Wang F, Xiong AS. Salicylic acid-induced differential resistance to the Tomato yellow leaf curl virus among resistant and susceptible tomato cultivars. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:173. [PMID: 31046667 PMCID: PMC6498608 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1784-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In higher plants, salicylic acid (SA) plays important roles in inducing resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) causes a highly devastating viral disease in plants, particularly in tomato. However, the roles of SA in inducing tomato plant resistance to TYLCV remain unclear. RESULTS In this study, we investigated whether the exogenous application of SA can improve the resistance of tomato plants to TYLCV in two tomato cultivars, resistant 'Zhefen-702' and susceptible 'Jinpeng-1'. The impacts of SA on the accumulation of ascorbic acid (AsA) and biosynthetic gene expression, the activity of some important reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzymes, and the expression patterns of stress-related genes were also determined. Results indicated that SA can effectively regulate the accumulation of AsA, especially in 'Jinpeng-1'. Similarly, the expression patterns of most of the AsA biosynthetic genes showed a negative relationship with AsA accumulation in the resistant and susceptible tomato cultivars. In the two tomato cultivars, the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POD) in the SA + TYLCV treated plants were increased during the experiment period except at 14 days (APX in 'Jinpeng-1' was also at 4 days) post infected (dpi) with TYLCV. Simultaneously, the activity of SOD was reduced in 'Jinpeng-1' and increased in 'Zhefen-702' after treatment with SA + TYLCV. SA can substantially induce the expression of ROS-scavenging genes at different extents. From 2 to 10 dpi, the virus content in the SA + TYLCV treated plants was remarkably lower than those in the TYLCV treated plants in 'Jinpeng-1'and Zhefen-702'. CONCLUSIONS The above results suggest that SA can enhance tomato plant resistance by modulating the expression of genes encoding for ROS-scavenging players, altering the activity of resistance-related enzymes, and inducing the expression of pathogenesis-related genes to produce systemic acquired resistance. Simultaneously, these results confirm that SA is a resistance-inducing factor against TYLCV infection that can be effectively applied in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095 China
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Wang J, Yang Y, Jin L, Ling X, Liu T, Chen T, Ji Y, Yu W, Zhang B. Re-analysis of long non-coding RNAs and prediction of circRNAs reveal their novel roles in susceptible tomato following TYLCV infection. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:104. [PMID: 29866032 PMCID: PMC5987537 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1332-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long Noncoding-RNAs (LncRNAs) are known to be involved in some biological processes, but their roles in plant-virus interactions remain largely unexplored. While circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been studied in animals, there has yet to be extensive research on them in a plant system, especially in tomato-tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) interaction. RESULTS In this study, RNA transcripts from the susceptible tomato line JS-CT-9210 either infected with TYLCV or untreated, were sequenced in a pair-end strand-specific manner using ribo-zero rRNA removal library method. A total of 2056 lncRNAs including 1767 long intergenic non-coding RNA (lincRNAs) and 289 long non-coding natural antisense transcripts (lncNATs) were obtained. The expression patterns in lncRNAs were similar in susceptible tomato plants between control check (CK) and TYLCV infected samples. Our analysis suggested that lncRNAs likely played a role in a variety of functions, including plant hormone signaling, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, RNA transport, ribosome function, photosynthesis, glulathione metabolism, and plant-pathogen interactions. Using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) analysis, we found that reduced expression of the lncRNA S-slylnc0957 resulted in enhanced resistance to TYLCV in susceptible tomato plants. Moreover, we identified 184 circRNAs candidates using the CircRNA Identifier (CIRI) software, of which 32 circRNAs were specifically expressed in untreated samples and 83 circRNAs in TYLCV samples. Approximately 62% of these circRNAs were derived from exons. We validated the circRNAs by both PCR and Sanger sequencing using divergent primers, and found that most of circRNAs were derived from the exons of protein coding genes. The silencing of these circRNAs parent genes resulted in decreased TYLCV virus accumulation. CONCLUSION In this study, we identified novel lncRNAs and circRNAs using bioinformatic approaches and showed that these RNAs function as negative regulators of TYLCV infection. Moreover, the expression patterns of lncRNAs in susceptible tomato plants were different from that of resistant tomato plants, while exonic circRNAs expression positively associated with their respective protein coding genes. This work provides a foundation for elaborating the novel roles of lncRNAs and circRNAs in susceptible tomatoes following TYLCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 Jiangsu China
| | - Yuwen Yang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 Jiangsu China
| | - Lamei Jin
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 Jiangsu China
| | - Xitie Ling
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 Jiangsu China
| | - Tingli Liu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 Jiangsu China
| | - Tianzi Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 Jiangsu China
| | - Yinghua Ji
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 Jiangsu China
| | - Wengui Yu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 Jiangsu China
| | - Baolong Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 Jiangsu China
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Comparative Analysis of MicroRNA Expression in Three Paulownia Species with Phytoplasma Infection. FORESTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/f9060302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Rong W, Wang X, Wang X, Massart S, Zhang Z. Molecular and Ultrastructural Mechanisms Underlying Yellow Dwarf Symptom Formation in Wheat after Infection of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041187. [PMID: 29652829 PMCID: PMC5979330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat (Tritium aestivum L.) production is essential for global food security. Infection of barley yellow dwarf virus-GAV (BYDV-GAV) results in wheat showing leaf yellowing and plant dwarfism symptom. To explore the molecular and ultrastructural mechanisms underlying yellow dwarf symptom formation in BYDV-GAV-infected wheat, we investigated the chloroplast ultrastructure via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), examined the contents of the virus, H2O2, and chlorophyll in Zhong8601, and studied the comparative transcriptome through microarray analyses in the susceptible wheat line Zhong8601 after virus infection. TEM images indicated that chloroplasts in BYDV-GAV-infected Zhong8601 leaf cells were fragmentized. Where thylakoids were not well developed, starch granules and plastoglobules were rare. Compared with mock-inoculated Zhong8601, chlorophyll content was markedly reduced, but the virus and H2O2 contents were significantly higher in BYDV-GAV-infected Zhong8601. The transcriptomic analyses revealed that chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast related transcripts, encoding chlorophyll a/b binding protein, glucose-6-phosphate/phosphate translocator 2, and glutamyl-tRNA reductase 1, were down-regulated in BYDV-GAV-infected Zhong8601. Some phytohormone signaling-related transcripts, including abscisic acid (ABA) signaling factors (phospholipase D alpha 1 and calcineurin B-like protein 9) and nine ethylene response factors, were up-regulated. Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related genes were transcriptionally regulated in BYDV-GAV infected Zhong8601, including three up-regulated transcripts encoding germin-like proteins (promoting ROS accumulation) and four down-regulated transcripts encoding peroxides (scavenging ROS). These results clearly suggest that the yellow dwarf symptom formation is mainly attributed to reduced chlorophyll content and fragmentized chloroplasts caused by down-regulation of the chlorophyll and chloroplast biosynthesis related genes, ROS excessive accumulation, and precisely transcriptional regulation of the above-mentioned ABA and ethylene signaling- and ROS-related genes in susceptible wheat infected by BYDV-GAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Rong
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
- Laboratory of Integrated and Urban Phytopathology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech-University of Liège, Passage des déportés, 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Xindong Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xifeng Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Sebastien Massart
- Laboratory of Integrated and Urban Phytopathology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech-University of Liège, Passage des déportés, 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Zengyan Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Tripathi A, Goswami K, Tiwari M, Mukherjee SK, Sanan-Mishra N. Identification and comparative analysis of microRNAs from tomato varieties showing contrasting response to ToLCV infections. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 24:185-202. [PMID: 29515314 PMCID: PMC5834980 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-017-0482-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Increasing incidence of viral infections in crop plants adversely affects their growth and yield. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is considered to be a favorite host for viruses with over 50 species of begomoviruses naturally infecting this crop. Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV) is among the most widespread and devastating begomoviruses affecting tomato production. microRNAs (miRs) have been established as key regulators of gene expression and plant development. The miR pathways are disturbed during infection by viruses. Thus, comprehension of regulatory miR networks is crucial in understanding the effect of viral pathogenicity. To identify key miRs involved in ToLCV infection, a high throughput approach involving next generation sequencing was employed. Healthy and infected leaf tissues of two tomato varieties, differing in their susceptibility to ToLCV infection were analyzed. NGS data analysis followed by computational predictions, led to identification of 91 known miRs, 15 novel homologs and 53 novel miRs covering two different varieties of tomato, susceptible (Pusa Ruby) and tolerant (LA1777) to ToLCV infection. The cleaved targets of these miRs were identified using online available degradome libraries from leaf, flower and fruit of tomato and showed their involvement in various biological pathways through KEGG Orthology. With detailed comparative profiling of expression pattern of these miRs, we could associate the specific miRs with the resistant and infected genotypes. This study depicted that in depth analysis of miR expression patterns and their functions will help in identification of molecules that can be used for manipulation of gene expression to increase crop production and developing resistance against diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Tripathi
- Plant RNAi Biology Group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Kavita Goswami
- Plant RNAi Biology Group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Manish Tiwari
- Plant RNAi Biology Group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunil K. Mukherjee
- Plant RNAi Biology Group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Neeti Sanan-Mishra
- Plant RNAi Biology Group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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Huang Y, Li T, Xu ZS, Wang F, Xiong AS. Six NAC transcription factors involved in response to TYLCV infection in resistant and susceptible tomato cultivars. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 120:61-74. [PMID: 28987863 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
NAC transcription factors (TFs) belong to plant-specific TFs, which have been identified in many plant species. The NAC TFs act as the nodes of a regulatory network in plant's response to abiotic and biotic stresses. Till now, response of tomato NAC TFs involved in Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) infection is unknown. In the present study, six NAC TFs were identified to respond to TYLCV infection in tomato. We observed that transcripts of four NAC genes (SlNAC20, SlNAC24, SlNAC47, and SlNAC61) were induced after TYLCV infection in resistant tomato cultivar. Virus-induced gene silencing analysis (VIGS) indicated that SlNAC61 played positive roles in response to TYLCV infection. Tomato NAC TFs were not only involved in defense regulation but in development and stress progress. These NAC TFs interacted with other proteins, including protein phosphatase and mitogen-activated protein kinase. Some defense response TFs, such as WRKY, TGA, MYB, NAC, could interact with NAC proteins by binding cis-elements in promoter regions of NAC TFs. These identified tomato NAC TFs cooperated with other TFs and proteins, indicating the complex response mechanism of described NAC TFs involved in TYLCV infection. The results will offer new evidence to further understand the NAC TFs involved in response to TYLCV infection in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Jeevalatha A, Siddappa S, Kumar A, Kaundal P, Guleria A, Sharma S, Nagesh M, Singh BP. An insight into differentially regulated genes in resistant and susceptible genotypes of potato in response to tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus-[potato] infection. Virus Res 2017; 232:22-33. [PMID: 28115198 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Apical leaf curl disease, caused by tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus-[potato] (ToLCNDV-[potato]) is one of the most important viral diseases of potato in India. Genetic resistance source for ToLCNDV in potato is not identified so far. However, the cultivar Kufri Bahar is known to show lowest seed degeneration even under high vector levels. Hence, microarray analysis was performed to identify differentially regulated genes during ToLCNDV-[potato] infection in a resistant (Kufri Bahar) and a susceptible cultivar (Kufri Pukhraj). Under artificial inoculation conditions, in Kufri Pukhraj, symptom expressions started at 15days after inoculation (DAI) and then progressed to severe symptoms, whereas no or only very mild symptoms were observed in Kufri Bahar up to 35 DAI. Correspondingly, qPCR assay indicated a high viral load in Kufri Pukhraj and a very low viral load in Kufri Bahar. Microarray analysis showed that a total of 1111 genes and 2588 genes were differentially regulated (|log2 (Fold Change)|>2) in Kufri Bahar and Kufri Pukhraj, respectively, following ToLCNDV-[potato] infection. Gene ontology and mapman analyses revealed that these altered transcripts were involved in various biological & metabolic processes. Several genes with unknown functions were 5 to 100 fold expressed after virus infection and further experiments are necessary to ascertain their role in disease resistance or susceptibility. This study gives an insight into differentially regulated genes in response to ToLCNDV-[potato] infection in resistant and susceptible cultivars and could serve as the basis for the development of new strategies for disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjunan Jeevalatha
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171 001, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Sundaresha Siddappa
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171 001, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171 001, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Priyanka Kaundal
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171 001, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anupama Guleria
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171 001, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjeev Sharma
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171 001, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Mandadi Nagesh
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171 001, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Bir Pal Singh
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171 001, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Phukan UJ, Jeena GS, Tripathi V, Shukla RK. Regulation of Apetala2/Ethylene Response Factors in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:150. [PMID: 28270817 PMCID: PMC5318435 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Multiple environmental stresses affect growth and development of plants. Plants try to adapt under these unfavorable condition through various evolutionary mechanisms like physiological and biochemical alterations connecting various network of regulatory processes. Transcription factors (TFs) like APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTORS (AP2/ERFs) are an integral component of these signaling cascades because they regulate expression of a wide variety of down stream target genes related to stress response and development through different mechanism. This downstream regulation of transcript does not always positively or beneficially affect the plant but also they display some developmental defects like senescence and reduced growth under normal condition or sensitivity to stress condition. Therefore, tight auto/cross regulation of these TFs at transcriptional, translational and domain level is crucial to understand. The present manuscript discuss the multiple regulation and advantage of plasticity and specificity of these family of TFs to a wide or single downstream target(s) respectively. We have also discussed the concern which comes with the unwanted associated traits, which could only be averted by further study and exploration of these AP2/ERFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjal J. Phukan
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic PlantsLucknow, India
| | - Gajendra S. Jeena
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic PlantsLucknow, India
| | - Vineeta Tripathi
- Botany Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research InstituteLucknow, India
| | - Rakesh K. Shukla
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic PlantsLucknow, India
- *Correspondence: Rakesh K. Shukla
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Huang Y, Li MY, Wu P, Xu ZS, Que F, Wang F, Xiong AS. Members of WRKY Group III transcription factors are important in TYLCV defense signaling pathway in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). BMC Genomics 2016; 17:788. [PMID: 27717312 PMCID: PMC5055730 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3123-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, tomato yellow leaf curly virus (TYLCV) has posed serious threats to plant growth and development. Plant innate immune systems against various threats involve WRKY Group III transcription factors (TFs). This group participates as a major component of biological processes in plants. Results In this study, 6 WRKY Group III TFs (SolyWRKY41, SolyWRKY42, SolyWRKY53, SolyWRKY54, SolyWRKY80, and SolyWRKY81) were identified, and these TFs responded to TYLCV infection. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that SolyWRKY41 and SolyWRKY54 were nuclear proteins in vivo. Many elements, including W-box, were found in the promoter region of Group III TFs. Interaction network analysis revealed that Group III TFs could interact with other proteins, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase 5 (MAPK) and isochorismate synthase (ICS), to respond to biotic and abiotic stresses. Positive and negative expression patterns showed that WRKY Group III genes could also respond to TYLCV infection in tomato. The DNA content of TYLCV resistant lines after SolyWRKY41 and SolyWRKY54 were subjected to virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was lower than that of the control lines. Conclusions In the present study, 6 WRKY Group III TFs in tomato were identified to respond to TYLCV infection. Quantitative real-time–polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and VIGS analyses demonstrated that Group III genes served as positive and negative regulators in tomato–TYLCV interaction. WRKY Group III TFs could interact with other proteins by binding to cis elements existing in the promoter regions of other genes to regulate pathogen-related gene expression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3123-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Meng-Yao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Peng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Feng Que
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Huang Y, Ma HY, Huang W, Wang F, Xu ZS, Xiong AS. Comparative proteomic analysis provides novel insight into the interaction between resistant vs susceptible tomato cultivars and TYLCV infection. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:162. [PMID: 27436092 PMCID: PMC4952150 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0819-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is a member of the family Geminiviridae, genus Begomovirus. The virus is a widespread plant virus that causes important economic losses in tomatoes. Genetic engineering strategies have increasingly been adopted to improve the resistance of tomatoes to TYLCV. RESULTS In this study, a proteomic approach was used to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in tomato leaf defense against TYLCV infection. Proteins extracted from leaves of resistant tomato cultivar 'Zheza-301' and susceptible cultivar 'Jinpeng-1' after TYLCV infection were analyzed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Eighty-six differentially expressed proteins were identified and classified into seven groups based on their functions. For several of the proteins, including CDC48, CHI and HSC70, expression patterns measured using quantitative real-time PCR differed from the results of the proteomic analysis. A putative interaction network between tomato leaves and TYLCV infection provides us with important information about the cellular activities that are involved in the response to TYLCV infection. CONCLUSIONS We conducted a comparative proteomic study of TYLCV infection in resistant and susceptible tomato cultivars. The proteins identified in our work show a variety of functions and expression patterns in the process of tomato-TYLCV interaction, and these results contribute to our understanding of the mechanism underlying TYLCV resistance in tomatoes at the protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong-Yu Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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