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Polyakova M, Egiazaryan A, Doroshina V, Zaytsev A, Malashin A, Babina K, Novozhilova N. The Effect of Oral Care Foams and a Spray on Salivary pH Changes after Exposure to Acidic Beverages in Young Adults. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:93. [PMID: 38668005 PMCID: PMC11049306 DOI: 10.3390/dj12040093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Soft drinks may have a deleterious effect on dental health due to a high titratable acidity and a low pH that could be sufficient to induce tooth demineralization. The use of oral care products immediately after acidic challenge may diminish the erosive potential of soft drinks. We assessed the effect of oral care foams and a spray on salivary pH changes after exposure to Coca-Cola® in young adults. Thirty-three consenting eligible patients were recruited in this double-blind, randomized, crossover study performed in six visits. Baseline examination included unstimulated salivary flow rate, stimulated salivary buffer capacity, and the simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S) assessment. Salivary pH and time for pH recovery were registered after exposure to Coca-Cola® alone or that followed by the application of each of the studied products (an oral foam containing hydroxyapatite and probiotics, an oral foam containing amino fluoride, an alkaline oral spray, and tap water). Thirty-two patients completed the entire study protocol and were included in the final analysis. The mean minimum salivary pH and the mean oral clearance rate after rinsing with Coca-Cola® were 6.3 and 27 min, respectively. Further rinsing with any one of the tested solutions, including tap water, resulted in a significant improvement in these parameters. When the pH curves were plotted, the oral care products demonstrated a lower area under the curve that differed significantly from the area under the curve for Coca-Cola®; tap water did not differ significantly from Coca-Cola® and oral care products. Minimum salivary pH correlated positively with salivary buffer capacity and salivation rate, while salivary clearance correlated with OHI-S plaque scores. In conclusion, the effect of oral care foams and a spray on minimum salivary pH and salivary clearance after exposure to Coca-Cola® did not differ significantly among the tested products and tap water. Trial registration NCT06148662. Funding: none.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Polyakova
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.); (A.E.); (V.D.); (N.N.)
| | - Anna Egiazaryan
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.); (A.E.); (V.D.); (N.N.)
| | - Vladlena Doroshina
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.); (A.E.); (V.D.); (N.N.)
| | - Alexandr Zaytsev
- Institute of Linguistics and Intercultural Communication, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | | | - Ksenia Babina
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.); (A.E.); (V.D.); (N.N.)
| | - Nina Novozhilova
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.); (A.E.); (V.D.); (N.N.)
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Martins JR, Díaz-Fabregat B, Ramírez-Carmona W, Monteiro DR, Pessan JP, Antoniali C. Salivary biomarkers of oxidative stress in children with dental caries: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 139:105432. [PMID: 35500456 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between salivary biomarkers of oxidative stress and dental caries in children. METHODS Studies conducted in children up to 12 years old comparing salivary biomarkers of oxidative stress such as malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), uric acid, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), considering children with dental caries lesions and caries-free ones were selected. In addition, salivary parameters such as salivary flow, pH, buffering capacity, calcium and total protein levels were evaluated. A systematic literature review was carried out in 8 databases. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was measured using inverse variance as a statistical method and random effects as an analysis model, corresponding to a 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS The TAC levels were higher in children affected by dental caries compared to caries-free ones (control group), regardless of age (SMD 2.66, CI 1.33, 3.98), or gender (SMD 0.98, CI 0.56, 1.39). When adjusted for normalized protein, MDA levels were lower in the dental caries group than in the control group (SMD -16.51, CI -29.02, -4.00), and SOD levels were higher in the dental caries group (SMD 5.09, CI 0.01.10.18). The total protein concentration in saliva of children with dental caries was higher than in the control group, regardless of age (SMD 0.98, CI 0.27, 1.69), or gender (SMD 0.77, CI 0.45, 1.10). The salivary parameters assessed had lower levels in children affected by dental caries (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The levels of oxidative stress biomarkers and salivary parameters are altered in saliva of children with dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana Resende Martins
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Díaz-Fabregat
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Wilmer Ramírez-Carmona
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Douglas Roberto Monteiro
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliano Pelim Pessan
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristina Antoniali
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
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de Sousa ET, Lima-Holanda AT, Sales LS, Nobre-Dos-Santos M. Combined effect of starch and sucrose on carbonic anhydrase VI activity in saliva and biofilm of children with early childhood caries. Exposure to starch and sucrose alters carbonic anhydrase VI activity in saliva and biofilm. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:2555-2568. [PMID: 32918121 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03567-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate whether combined exposure to starch and sucrose modifies the activity of carbonic anhydrase VI (CA VI) in saliva (Study 1) and biofilm (Study 2) of children with early childhood caries (ECC). MATERIAL AND METHODS For Study 1 and Study 2, respectively, 54 and 46 preschoolers aged 4 to 5 were allocated into two groups: caries-free (CF) and with ECC. Children were exposed to rinses with sucrose, starch, and sucrose plus starch solutions. CA VI activity, pH, and buffering capacity (BC) were evaluated in saliva and biofilm. RESULTS In Study 1, a significant reduction in saliva pH was observed after sucrose and sucrose plus starch rinses. CA VI activity was influenced by ECC independently of the type of carbohydrate to which children were exposed. CA VI activity was higher in children with ECC; however, after rinses, CA VI activity was reduced. In Study 2, biofilm pH and BC were reduced after rinses with sucrose and sucrose plus starch. CA VI activity was significantly high before rinse in ECC group when compared with CF group; however, no difference was observed between groups after rinses. CONCLUSIONS In saliva, exposure to starch and sucrose (isolated or combined) induced a reduction in CA VI activity in children with ECC. In biofilm, the combination of starch and sucrose did not modify CA VI activity in ECC children. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The responsivity of the CA VI reflects directly in important parameters related to the pH maintenance on the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerson Tavares de Sousa
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Av. Limeira 901, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Aline Tavares Lima-Holanda
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Av. Limeira 901, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Luciana Solera Sales
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Av. Limeira 901, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Marinês Nobre-Dos-Santos
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Av. Limeira 901, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil.
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Picco DCR, Marangoni-Lopes L, Parisotto TM, Mattos-Graner R, Nobre-Dos-Santos M. Activity of Carbonic Anhydrase VI is Higher in Dental Biofilm of Children with Caries. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112673. [PMID: 31151296 PMCID: PMC6600353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated pH, activity and concentration of carbonic anhydrase VI (CA VI) in dental biofilm of caries and caries-free children of 7–9 years old. Seventy-four children were selected and divided into two groups. The caries diagnosis was performed according to the WHO criteria, including the early caries lesion. After biofilm collection and pH determination, CA VI concentration and activity were determined by ELISA and Zimography respectively. The data were submitted to a Mann-Whitney test and to Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses. Means and standard deviations of dental caries for the caries group were of 3.162 ± 1.385. The biofilm pH was significantly higher in the caries-free group. The CA VI activity was significantly higher in biofilm of children with caries. The CA VI concentration was significantly higher in biofilm of caries-free children. In caries-free children, there was a moderate negative correlation between CA VI activity and concentration in dental biofilm as well as between pH and CA VI activity. A negative correlation between biofilm pH and CA VI concentration was found in the caries group. In conclusion, CA VI was shown to be more active in the biofilm of school children with caries in order to contribute to neutralization of biofilm acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele C R Picco
- Piracicaba Dental School, Pediatric Dentistry Department, University of Campinas, 901 Limeira Av, 13414-903 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lenita Marangoni-Lopes
- Piracicaba Dental School, Pediatric Dentistry Department, University of Campinas, 901 Limeira Av, 13414-903 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Thaís M Parisotto
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University São Francisco, 218 São Francisco de Assis Av, 12916-900 Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Renata Mattos-Graner
- Piracicaba Dental School, Microbiology Department, University of Campinas, 901 Limeira Av, 13414-903 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marinês Nobre-Dos-Santos
- Piracicaba Dental School, Pediatric Dentistry Department, University of Campinas, 901 Limeira Av, 13414-903 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Salli K, Forssten S, Lahtinen S, Ouwehand A. Influence of sucrose and xylitol on an early Streptococcus mutans biofilm in a dental simulator. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 70:39-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Aminabadi NA, Najafpour E, Razavi Rohani Z, Sighari Deljavan A, Ghojazadeh M, Jamali Z. Linear reciprocal interaction between dental caries and salivary characteristics. J Oral Sci 2015; 55:337-42. [PMID: 24351922 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.55.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Carious tooth surfaces can alter saliva in various ways. We investigated whether salivary parameters were affected by elimination of existing active dental caries in 99 children (age 6-12 years) with more than five carious tooth surfaces. Unstimulated saliva samples were obtained from each child, and salivary characteristics were evaluated. One month after caries treatment that eliminated all existing dental caries, saliva sampling and analysis were repeated. Saliva viscosity significantly decreased (P = 0.04), while pH and saliva buffering capacity significantly increased (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in unstimulated salivary production at the start of the study and 1 month after caries elimination (P > 0.05). The relationship between dental caries and salivary condition is reciprocal. Treatment of existing dental caries can prevent future caries by improving saliva quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser Asl Aminabadi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Science
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Pradhan D, Jain D, Gulati A, Kolhe SJ, Baad R, Rao BS. Effect of the presence of dental plaque on oral sugar clearance and salivary pH: an in vivo study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012; 13:753-755. [PMID: 23403997 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fermentable carbohydrates and microorganisms in the plaque play a significant role in the pathogenesis of dental caries. Oral clearance of sugars and salivary pH is affected by the presence of plaque. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to study the effect of the presence of plaque on the salivary clearance of sucrose and on salivary pH. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study design was of a randomized controlled parallel group clinical trial and included two groups: The control group and plaque group, as follows: Control group--subjects without plaque and plaque group--subjects with plaque. Salivary sucrose determination was done by using the anthrone technique. A digital pH meter estimated the salivary pH. The Student's t test and Mann-Whitney test was employed to compare the intergroup differences. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used for analysis. RESULTS The salivary sucrose clearance time was increased by presence of plaque. CONCLUSION The presence of plaque led to increased salivary sucrose concentrations and increased the salivary sucrose clearance time. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The dental caries is the dynamic relationship among the dental plaque microbiota, dietary carbohydrates, saliva and cariogenic potential of the dental plaque. Caries occur preferentially in the dentition sites characterized by high exposure to carbohydrate and diminished salivary effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debapriya Pradhan
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Dental College and Hospital, Karad, Maharashtra, India.
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