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Kacholi DS. A comprehensive review of antimalarial medicinal plants used by Tanzanians. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2024; 62:133-152. [PMID: 38270178 PMCID: PMC10812860 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2024.2305453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Tanzania has rich medicinal plant (MP) resources, and most rural inhabitants rely on traditional healing practices for their primary healthcare needs. However, available research evidence on antimalarial MPs is highly fragmented in the country. OBJECTIVE This systematic review compiles ethnomedicinal research evidence on MPs used by Tanzanians as antimalarials. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic web search was conducted using various electronic databases and grey materials to gather relevant information on antimalarial MPs utilized by Tanzanians. The review was per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The data were collected from 25 articles, and MS Excel software was used to analyse relevant ethnobotanical information using descriptive statistics. RESULTS A total of 227 MPs belonging to 67 botanical families and 180 genera were identified. Fabaceae (15.9%) is the most frequently utilized family. The ethnobotanical recipes analysis indicated leaves (40%) and trees (44%) are the preferred MPs part and life form, respectively. Decoctions (67%) are the dominant preparation method of remedies. Of the recorded MPs, 25.9% have been scientifically investigated for antimalarial activities with positive results. However, 74.1% of MPs have no scientific records on antimalarial activities, but they could be potential sources of remedies. CONCLUSIONS The study discloses a wealth of antimalarial MPs possessed by Tanzanians and suggests a need for research to authenticate the healing potential of antimalarial compounds from the unstudied MPs. Additionally, it indicates that some of the presented MPs are potential sources for developing safe, effective and affordable antimalarial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sylvester Kacholi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dar es Salaam University College of Education (DUCE), University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Gogoi N, Rudrapal M, Celik I, Kaishap PP, Chetia D. In vitro and in silico guided identification of antimalarial phytoconstituent(s) in the root of Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37975318 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2283154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
As a part of our continuous effort to find new therapeutic agents from natural sources, the hydroalcoholic (1:1) extract of Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. root was selected for the identification of possible antimalarial phytoconstituents. From the extract, three flavonoids including luteolin were isolated and evaluated for in vitro antimalarial activity against the chloroquine-sensitive (Pf3D7) and resistant (PfRKL-9) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Among these, luteolin (CM3) showed the highest antimalarial activity with IC50 values of 2.315 ± 0.489 and 2.691 ± 0.454 µg/ml against the Pf3D7 and PfRKL-9 strains respectively. To assess the safety of luteolin (CM3), a cytotoxicity study against a normal human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK-293) was performed and the compound was found to be safe with a CC50 value of 222.3 ± 1.443 µg/ml. The docking study against 26 target proteins of P. falciparum revealed that luteolin (CM3) has a better binding affinity with two proteins, viz. P. falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (PfLDG) and P. falciparum enoyl-ACP reductase (PfEAR) in comparison to the co-crystallized ligands. Furthermore, the molecular dynamics simulation study of the protein-ligand complexes also supported the binding affinity and interactions of luteolin (CM3) at the active sites. Finally, the binding free energy calculation revealed that the luteolin formed a thermodynamically more stable complex with PfLDG (-50.955 ± 17.184 kJ/mol) than PfEAR (-24.856 ± 13.739 kJ/mol). Overall, in this study, we identified an antimalarial marker in the hydroalcoholic extract of C. maxima root which may act by inhibiting PfLDG.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelutpal Gogoi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Mithun Rudrapal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research (Deemed to be University), Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ismail Celik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | - Dipak Chetia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
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Evbuomwan IO, Stephen Adeyemi O, Oluba OM. Indigenous medicinal plants used in folk medicine for malaria treatment in Kwara State, Nigeria: an ethnobotanical study. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:324. [PMID: 37716985 PMCID: PMC10504731 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04131-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Folk medicine is crucial to healthcare delivery in the underdeveloped countries. It is frequently used as a primary treatment option or as a complementary therapy for malaria. Malaria is a deadly disease which greatly threatens global public health, claiming incredible number of lives yearly. The study was aimed at documenting the medicinal plants used for malaria treatment in folk medicine in Kwara State, Nigeria. METHODS Ethnobotanical information was collected from selected consenting registered traditional medicine practitioners (TMPs) through oral face-to-face interviews using in-depth, semi-structured interview guide. The ethnobotanical data were analysed, and descriptive statistical methods were used to compile them. RESULTS Sixty-two indigenous medicinal plants, including 13 new plants, used for malaria treatment were identified in this study. The TMPs preferred decoction in aqueous solvent (34%) and steeping in decaffeinated soft drink (19%) for herbal preparations. Oral administration (74%) was the main route of administration, while leaves (40%) and stem barks (32%) were the most dominant plant parts used in herbal preparations. The most cited families were Fabaceae (15%) and Rutaceae (6%), while Mangifera indica (77.14%), Enantia chlorantha (65.71%), Alstonia boonei (57.14%) followed by Cymbopogon citratus (54.29%) were the most used plants. Besides, the antimalarial activities of many of the plants recorded and their isolated phytocompounds have been demonstrated. Furthermore, the conservation status of 4 identified plants were Vulnerable. CONCLUSION The study showed strong ethnobotanical knowledge shared by the TMPs in the State and provides preliminary information that could be explored for the discovery of more potent antimalarial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikponmwosa Owen Evbuomwan
- SDG #03 Group - Good Health and Well-being, Landmark University, Ipetu Road, PMB 1001, Omu-Aran, 251101, Nigeria.
- Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Ipetu Road, PMB 1001, Omu-Aran, 251101, Nigeria.
- Department of Microbiology, Cellular Parasitology Unit, Landmark University, Ipetu Road, PMB 1001, Omu-Aran, 251101, Nigeria.
| | - Oluyomi Stephen Adeyemi
- SDG #03 Group - Good Health and Well-being, Landmark University, Ipetu Road, PMB 1001, Omu-Aran, 251101, Nigeria.
- Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Ipetu Road, PMB 1001, Omu-Aran, 251101, Nigeria.
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Environment, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 232-3 Yomogida, Naruko-Onsen, Osaki, Miyagi, 989-6711, Japan.
| | - Olarewaju Michael Oluba
- SDG #03 Group - Good Health and Well-being, Landmark University, Ipetu Road, PMB 1001, Omu-Aran, 251101, Nigeria.
- Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Ipetu Road, PMB 1001, Omu-Aran, 251101, Nigeria.
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Ndhlovu PT, Asong JA, Omotayo AO, Otang-Mbeng W, Aremu AO. Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by indigenous knowledge holders to manage healthcare needs in children. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282113. [PMID: 36972257 PMCID: PMC10042359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood diseases remain an increasing health problem in many developing countries and also associated with an enormous financial burden. In South Africa, many people still rely on traditional medicine for their primary healthcare. However, inadequate documentation of medicinal plants used to manage childhood diseases remain a prominent gap. Hence, the current study explored the importance of medicinal plants to treat and manage childhood diseases in the North West Province, South Africa. An ethnobotanical survey was conducted with 101 participants using semi-structured interviews (face-to-face). Ethnobotanical indices such as Frequency of citation (FC), Use-value (UV) and Informed Consensus Factor (ICF) were used for data analysis. A total of 61 plants from 34 families were recorded as medicine used for managing seven (7) categories of diseases resulting from 29 sub-categories. Skin-related and gastro-intestinal diseases were the most prevalent childhood health conditions encountered by the study participants. Based on their FC values that ranged from approximately 0.9-75%, the most popular medicinal plants used by the participants were Aptosinum elongatum (75.2%), Commelina diffusa (45.5%), Euphorbia prostrata (31.6%) and Bulbine frutescens (31.7%). In terms of the UV, A. elongatum (0.75), C. diffusa (0.45), E. prostrata (0.31), H. hemerocallidea (0.19) and E. elephantina (0.19) were the dominant plants used for treating and managing childhood diseases. Based on ICF, skin-related diseases dominated with the highest ICF value of 0.99. This category had 381 use-reports, comprising 34 plants (55.7% of total plants) used for childhood-related diseases. Particularly, B. frutescens and E. elephantina were the most-cited plants for the aforementioned category. Leaves (23%) and roots (23%) were the most frequently used plant parts. Decoctions and maceration were the main preparation methods, and the plant remedies were mainly administered orally (60%) and topically (39%). The current study revealed the continuous dependence on the plant for primary health care relating to childhood diseases in the study area. We generated a valuable inventory of medicinal plants and associated indigenous knowledge for child healthcare needs. However, investigating the biological efficacies, phytochemical profiles and the safety of these identified plants in relevant test systems remain essential in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Tshepiso Ndhlovu
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Mpumalanga, Mbombela, South Africa
| | - John Awungnjia Asong
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Abiodun Olusola Omotayo
- Food Security and Safety Area Research Group, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Wilfred Otang-Mbeng
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Mpumalanga, Mbombela, South Africa
| | - Adeyemi Oladapo Aremu
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
- Food Security and Safety Area Research Group, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
- School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
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Bamba M, Bordage S, Sahuc ME, Moureu S, Samaillie J, Roumy V, Vauchel P, Dimitrov K, Rouillé Y, Dubuisson J, Tra Bi FH, Séron K, Sahpaz S. Anti-HCV Tannins From Plants Traditionally Used in West Africa and Extracted With Green Solvents. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:789688. [PMID: 35153750 PMCID: PMC8831738 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.789688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of people are still infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) nowadays. Although recent antivirals targeting HCV proteins are very efficient, they are not affordable for many people infected with this virus. Therefore, new and more accessible treatments are needed. Several Ivorian medicinal plants are traditionally used to treat “yellow malaria”, a nosological category including illness characterized by symptomatic jaundice such as hepatitis. Therefore, some of these plants might be active against HCV. An ethnobotanical survey in Côte d’Ivoire allowed us to select such medicinal plants. Those were first extracted with methanol and tested for their anti-HCV activity. The most active ones were further studied to specify their IC50 and to evaluate their toxicity in vitro. Greener solvents were tested to obtain extracts with similar activities. Following a phytochemical screening, tannins of the most active plants were removed before re-testing on HCV. Some of these tannins were identified by UPLC-MS and pure molecules were tested against HCV. Out of the fifteen Ivorian medicinal plants selected for their putative antiviral activities, Carapa procera DC. and Pericopsis laxiflora (Benth. ex Baker) Meeuwen were the most active against HCV (IC50: 0.71 and 0.23 μg/ml respectively) and not toxic for hepatic cells. Their crude extracts were rich in polyphenols, including tannins such as procyanidins A2 which is active against HCV. The same extracts without tannin lost their anti-HCV activity. Replacing methanol by hydro-ethanolic solvent led to tannins-rich extracts with similar antiviral activities, and higher than that of aqueous extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa Bamba
- UFR Sciences de La Nature, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
- Université de Lille, Université de Liège, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, JUNIA, UMRT 1158 BioEcoAgro, Métabolites Spécialisés D’origine Végétale, Lille, France
| | - Simon Bordage
- Université de Lille, Université de Liège, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, JUNIA, UMRT 1158 BioEcoAgro, Métabolites Spécialisés D’origine Végétale, Lille, France
- *Correspondence: Simon Bordage,
| | - Marie-Emmanuelle Sahuc
- Univ Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Sophie Moureu
- Université de Lille, Université de Liège, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, JUNIA, UMRT 1158 BioEcoAgro, Métabolites Spécialisés D’origine Végétale, Lille, France
| | - Jennifer Samaillie
- Université de Lille, Université de Liège, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, JUNIA, UMRT 1158 BioEcoAgro, Métabolites Spécialisés D’origine Végétale, Lille, France
| | - Vincent Roumy
- Université de Lille, Université de Liège, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, JUNIA, UMRT 1158 BioEcoAgro, Métabolites Spécialisés D’origine Végétale, Lille, France
| | - Peggy Vauchel
- Université de Lille, Université de Liège, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, JUNIA, UMRT 1158 BioEcoAgro, Métabolites Spécialisés D’origine Végétale, Lille, France
| | - Krasimir Dimitrov
- Université de Lille, Université de Liège, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, JUNIA, UMRT 1158 BioEcoAgro, Métabolites Spécialisés D’origine Végétale, Lille, France
| | - Yves Rouillé
- Univ Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jean Dubuisson
- Univ Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Fézan Honora Tra Bi
- UFR Sciences de La Nature, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Karin Séron
- Univ Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Sevser Sahpaz
- Université de Lille, Université de Liège, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, JUNIA, UMRT 1158 BioEcoAgro, Métabolites Spécialisés D’origine Végétale, Lille, France
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Enechi OC, Amah CC, Okagu IU, Ononiwu PC, Nweke AC, Ugwuanyi TC, Ajibo EA, Nweze AC, Chukwurah BC. Sida acuta Burm.f. leaves ethanol extract ameliorates haematological and biochemical alterations induced by Plasmodium berghei ANKA-65 in mice. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-021-00317-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Malaria has continued to be a threat to man and his wellbeing, especially Africans and Asians. New antimalarial drugs are urgently needed to mitigate malaria treatment failure due to resistant Plasmodium species. Medicinal plants used by indigenous Nigerians for treating fever and malaria such as Sida acuta Burm.f. (Malvaceae) could be a promising source of lead compounds for developing new generations of antimalarial drugs. The effects of ethanol extract of S. acuta leaves (EESAL) on malaria parasitemia, haematological and biochemical status of P. berghei-infected mice were investigated, using the 4-day curative test.
Methodology
EESAL was prepared by maceration method. The phyto-constituents and acute toxicity profile of the extract were evaluated using standard protocols. In addition, malaria parasitemia and chemo-suppression, and indicators of haematological and biochemical status of P. berghei-infected mice treated with EESAL were assessed.
Results
At 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg/d b.w., p.o doses for 4 consecutive days, EESAL significantly (p < 0.05) decreased parasitaemia and suppressed malaria parasite by 89.64%, 95.95% and 97.38%, respectively comparable to negative control. The reduction in percentage malaria parasitemia by EESAL is comparable to Artemether (140 mg/kg/d b.w., p.o) used as standard antimalarial drug in this study. The packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, and red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts of negative control are significantly (p < 0.05) higher than normal control. However, parasitized-EESAL-treated mice have significantly (p < 0.05) higher PCV value, Hb concentration and RBC and WBC counts than negative control. Similarly, treatment of parasitized mice with EESAL restored some indicators of the antioxidant, lipid peroxidation, lipid profile and liver status altered by malaria. In addition, EESAL was tolerable up to 5000 mg/kg b.w., p.o.
Conclusion
These results indicate that the EESAL possesses antimalarial activity and normalizes alterations in haematological and biochemical status of malaria-infected mice.
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Mailu JK, Nguta JM, Mbaria JM, Okumu MO. Medicinal plants used in managing diseases of the respiratory system among the Luo community: an appraisal of Kisumu East Sub-County, Kenya. Chin Med 2020; 15:95. [PMID: 32905471 PMCID: PMC7469313 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00374-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor access to healthcare in rural communities causes many people to seek herbalists who use medicinal plants for the treatment of various disease conditions. Most knowledge of traditional herbal medicine makes use of indigenous remedies which are often undocumented and are at risk of being lost. The preservation of this knowledge may facilitate scientific inquiry into promising new therapeutic molecules. METHODS Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect the sociodemographic information of 30 herbalists in Kisumu East Sub County. The local names of medicinal plants used in managing illnesses of the respiratory system, their habit, active parts, indications, methods of preparation, routes of administration, scientific identity, and conservation status were also recorded. Other reported traditional uses, pharmacological activities, and toxicological data were identified via a literature search. RESULTS Most herbalists were female (86.7%), aged between 61 and 70 years (43.3%) with no formal education (56.7%), and had 21-30 years of practice (30%). 44 plant species, belonging to 43 genera and 28 families were identified. Leguminosae and Rutaceae plant families were predominant, leaves were frequently used (33%), and trees were the most common habit (44.4%). Most plants were collected in the wild (79.2%), preparation was mainly by decoction (68.8%), and the administration was mainly orally. The main indication was cough and 79.5% of all documented plant species had previously been reported to have a pharmacological activity relevant to the mitigation of respiratory illnesses. Toxicological data was available for 84.1% of the plant species identified. CONCLUSIONS The predominant use of roots, root barks, and root tubers by herbalists in Kisumu East Sub County threatens to negatively impact the ecological survival of some plant species. The preservation of herbalists' knowledge of medicinal plants in the study area is a pressing concern considering their advanced age and little formal education. There is a need to conserve some of the medicinal plants documented in this study. The medicinal claims made by herbalists also warrant scientific scrutiny.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Kiamba Mailu
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Pharmacy, Kenya Medical Training College, Kisumu Campus Kenya, P.O Box 1594, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Joseph Mwanzia Nguta
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James Mucunu Mbaria
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mitchel Otieno Okumu
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Pharmacy, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital, P.O Box 849-40100, Kisumu, Kenya
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Haudecoeur R, Peuchmaur M, Pérès B, Rome M, Taïwe GS, Boumendjel A, Boucherle B. Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of African Nauclea species: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 212:106-136. [PMID: 29045823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOALOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Nauclea in Africa comprises seven species. Among them, N. latifolia, N. diderrichii and N. pobeguinii are widely used by the local population in traditional remedies. Preparation from various parts of plants (e.g. roots, bark, leaves) are indicated by traditional healers for a wide range of diseases including malaria, pain, digestive ailments or metabolic diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was conducted on African species of the genus Nauclea using scientific databases such as Google Scholar, Pubmed or SciFinder. Every document of ethnopharmacological, phytochemical or pharmacological relevance and written in English or French were analyzed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The Nauclea genus is used as ethnomedicine all along sub-Saharan Africa. Several local populations consider Nauclea species as a major source of remedies for malaria. In this regard, two improved traditional medicines are currently under development using extracts from N. latifolia and N. pobeguinii. Concerning the chemical composition of the Nauclea genus, indoloquinolizidines alkaloids could be considered as the major class of compounds as they are reported in every analyzed Nauclea species, with numerous structures identified. Based on traditional indications a considerable amount of pharmacological studies were conducted to ensure activity and attempt to link them to the presence of particular compounds in plant extracts. CONCLUSION Many experimental studies using plant extracts of the African species of the genus Nauclea validate traditional indications (e.g. malaria and pain). However, bioactive compounds are rarely identified and therefore, there is a clear need for further evaluations as well as for toxicity experiments. The sustainability of these plants, especially of N. diderrichii, a threatened species, should be kept in mind to adapt local uses and preparation modes of traditional remedies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Haudecoeur
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, DPM UMR 5063, F-38041 Grenoble, France; CNRS, DPM UMR 5063, F-38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Marine Peuchmaur
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, DPM UMR 5063, F-38041 Grenoble, France; CNRS, DPM UMR 5063, F-38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Basile Pérès
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, DPM UMR 5063, F-38041 Grenoble, France; CNRS, DPM UMR 5063, F-38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Maxime Rome
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, SAJF UMS 3370, F-38041 Grenoble, France; CNRS, SAJF UMS 3370, F-38041 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Ahcène Boumendjel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, DPM UMR 5063, F-38041 Grenoble, France; CNRS, DPM UMR 5063, F-38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Benjamin Boucherle
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, DPM UMR 5063, F-38041 Grenoble, France; CNRS, DPM UMR 5063, F-38041 Grenoble, France.
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Abdulah R, Suradji EW, Subarnas A, Supratman U, Sugijanto M, Diantini A, Lestari K, Barliana MI, Kawazu S, Koyama H. Catechin Isolated from Garcinia celebica Leaves Inhibit Plasmodium falciparum Growth through the Induction of Oxidative Stress. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:S301-S305. [PMID: 28808396 PMCID: PMC5538170 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_571_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance of antimalarial drugs to Plasmodium falciparum has become a major concern in malaria eradication. Although it is also affected by several socioeconomic factors, a new antiplasmodial agent is needed for a global malaria control program. OBJECTIVE In this study, we attempted to uncover the antiplasmodial properties of Garcinia celebica, an Indonesian medicinal plant, along with the responsible compound and its possible mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The G. celebica leaves were ethanol extracted and fractionated based on their polarity using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water. The antiplasmodial activity was tested in vitro against chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum at 100 μg/ml for 72 h. The active compound of the most active ethyl acetate fraction was subsequently isolated using column chromatography and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance. RESULTS The IC50 of (+)-catechin, the characterized compound, against P. falciparum was 198 μM in 24 h and experiment. The isolated catechin inhibited P. falciparum growth in both trophozoite and schizont stages. An additional experiment also suggests that the antiplasmodial property of catechin occurs through the induction of the oxidative stress to P. falciparum. CONCLUSION This result shows that the potential of catechin and its antimalarial properties should be explored further. SUMMARY Garcinia celebica leaf extract and fractions inhibit Plasmodium falciparum growthCatechin, the active compound of Garcinia celebica leaf extract, inhibits Plasmodium falciparum growth in a time- and dose-dependent manner Abbreviations used: RBC: Red Blood Cells; IC50: Inhibition Concentrattino 50; MeOH: Methanol; RPMI: Roswell Park Memorial Institute; EI: Electron Ionization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizky Abdulah
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia.,Department of Public Health, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Eka W Suradji
- Department of Public Health, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan.,Teluk Bintuni Hospital, Teluk Bintuni Regency, West Papua 98364, Indonesia
| | - Anas Subarnas
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Unang Supratman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Milyadi Sugijanto
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Ajeng Diantini
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Keri Lestari
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Melisa I Barliana
- Department of Biological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Shinichiro Kawazu
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Koyama
- Department of Public Health, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
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