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Simon I, Persky Z, Avital A, Harat H, Schroeder A, Shoseyov O. Foliar Application of dsRNA Targeting Endogenous Potato ( Solanum tuberosum) Isoamylase Genes ISA1, ISA2, and ISA3 Confers Transgenic Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010190. [PMID: 36613634 PMCID: PMC9820567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoamylase (ISA) is a debranching enzyme found in many plants, which hydrolyzes (1-6)-α-D glucosidic linkages in starch, amylopectin, and β-dextrins, and is thought to be responsible for starch granule formation (ISA1 and ISA2) and degradation (ISA3). Lipid-modified PEI (lmPEI) was synthesized as a carrier for long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA, 250-bp), which targets the three isoamylase isoforms. The particles were applied to the plant via the foliar spray and were differentially effective in suppressing the expressions of ISA1 and ISA2 in the potato leaves, and ISA3 in the tubers. Plant growth was not significantly impaired, and starch levels in the tubers were not affected as well. Interestingly, the treated plants had significantly smaller starch granule sizes as well as increased sucrose content, which led to an early sprouting phenotype. We confirm the proposal of previous research that an increased number of small starch granules could be responsible for an accelerated turnover of glucan chains and, thus, the rapid synthesis of sucrose, and we propose a new relationship between ISA3 and the starch granule size. The implications of this study are in achieving a transgenic phenotype for endogenous plant genes using a systemic, novel delivery system, and foliar applications of dsRNA for agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido Simon
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Zohar Persky
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Aviram Avital
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Hila Harat
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Avi Schroeder
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Oded Shoseyov
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- Correspondence:
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Tappiban P, Smith DR, Triwitayakorn K, Bao J. Recent understanding of starch biosynthesis in cassava for quality improvement: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Nabemoto M, Watanabe R, Ohsu M, Sato K, Otani M, Nakayachi O, Watanabe M. Molecular characterization of genes encoding isoamylase-type debranching enzyme in tuberous root of sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2016; 33:351-359. [PMID: 31274996 PMCID: PMC6587035 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.16.0926a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Isoamylase (ISA) is a starch debranching enzyme that removes α-1,6-glucosidic linkages in α-polyglucans such as amylopectin. From previous studies, plant isoamylases have been shown to play a crucial role in amylopectin biosynthesis; however, little is known about their function in storage root tissues of plants such as cassava, yam and sweet potato. In this study, we isolated cDNA clones and characterized the cDNA nucleotide sequences of three genes (IbISA1, IbISA2, IbISA3) encoding isoamylase from sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) cv. White Star). Deduced amino acid sequences of the three isolated IbISAs have the specific regions that are highly conserved among the α-amylase family members. The product of IbISA2 is predicted to be enzymatically inactive, like other plant ISA2s, due to replacement of amino acid residues that are important for hydrolytic reaction. qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that expression of IbISA2 was higher than that of the other two IbISAs (IbISA1 and IbISA3) in tuberous root at 109 days after planting, at which stage of tuberous root was at which stage tuberous roots were almost fully developed almost developed. This expression pattern observed in our experiments was different from that in other sink organs, such as seeds (endosperms), indicating that orchestration of ISA gene expression may depend on the differences in sink organ type between tuberous roots and seeds. The molecular characterization of three IbISA genes and their expression analysis in this study will contribute to further studies on starch biosynthesis in sweet potato, especially in storage root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moe Nabemoto
- Reseach Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
- Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Genetics, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Riho Watanabe
- Reseach Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - Mizuho Ohsu
- Reseach Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - Kaname Sato
- Reseach Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - Motoyasu Otani
- Reseach Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - Osamu Nakayachi
- Reseach Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - Masao Watanabe
- Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Genetics, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
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