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Estornut C, Rinaldi G, Carceller MC, Estornut S, Pérez-Leal M. Systemic and local effect of oxidative stress on recurrent aphthous stomatitis: systematic review. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:453-463. [PMID: 38376817 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02434-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory disease of the mouth. It is characterised by the appearance of painful ulcers in the oral mucosa. RAS is believed to be a multifactorial disease with genetic predisposition, environmental factors and alterations in the immune system. Oxidative stress, caused by an imbalance between free radicals and the antioxidant system, also appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of RAS. Several risk factors, such as smoking, iron and vitamin deficiency and anxiety, may contribute to the development of the disease. Understanding the underlying mechanisms may help in the prevention and treatment of RAS. We searched PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases for articles on oxidative stress in patients with RAS from 2000 to 2023. Studies analysing oxidant and antioxidant levels in the blood and saliva of RAS patients and healthy controls were selected. Of 170 potentially eligible articles, 24 met the inclusion criteria: 11 studies on blood samples, 6 on salivary samples and 7 on both blood and salivary samples. Multiple oxidative and antioxidant markers were assessed in blood and saliva samples. Overall, statistically significant differences were found between RAS patients and healthy controls for most markers. In addition, increased oxidative DNA damage was observed in patients with RAS. Patients with RAS show elevated levels of oxidative stress compared to healthy controls, with a significant increase in oxidative markers and a significant decrease in antioxidant defences in saliva and blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Estornut
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Universidad Europea de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Giulia Rinaldi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Universidad Europea de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Carmen Carceller
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Universidad Europea de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, Valencia, 46100, Spain
- Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM), University of Valencia, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, Burjassot, Valencia, 46100, Spain
| | | | - Martín Pérez-Leal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Universidad Europea de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Ghasemi S, Farokhpour F, Mortezagholi B, Movahed E, Ghaedi A, Gargari MK, Khanzadeh M, Bazrgar A, Khanzadeh S. Systematic review and meta-analysis of oxidative stress and antioxidant markers in recurrent aphthous stomatitis. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:960. [PMID: 38042793 PMCID: PMC10693709 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03636-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize all studies that reported the level of oxidative and antioxidative markers in recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) patients compared to controls. METHODS We registered our study in PROSPERO (CRD42023431310). PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were searched to find relevant publications up to June 5, 2023. The standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. We included 30 articles after multiple stags of screening. RESULTS We found that erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and Glutathione peroxidase activity were significantly lower in patients with RAS compared to healthy controls (SMD = - 1.00, 95%CI = -1.79 to -0.21, p = 0.013, and SMD = - 1.90, 95%CI = -3.43 to -0.38, p = 0.01, Respectively). However, there was not any difference between patients with RAS and healthy controls in erythrocyte Catalase (SMD = - 0.71, 95%CI = -1.56-0.14, p = 0.10). The total antioxidant status (TAS) level, in serum was significantly lower in patients than healthy controls (SMD = - 0.98, 95%CI = -1.57 to -0.39, p = 0.001). In addition, RAS patients had higher levels of serum Malondialdehyde (MDA), Serum total oxidant status, and serum oxidative stress index than healthy controls (SMD = 2.11, 95%CI = 1.43-2.79, p < 0.001, SMD = 1.53, 95%CI = 0.34-2.72, p = 0.01, and SMD = 1.25, 95%CI = 0.25-2.25, p = 0.014, Respectively); However, salivary MDA and TAS, and serum uric acid, vitamin E and C, and reduced glutathione levels of patients with RAS were not different from that of healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between oxidative stress and RAS is well established in this meta-analysis. Although the molecular processes underlying the etiology of this pathology remain unknown, evidence indicating oxidative stress has a significant role in the pathogenesis of RAS has been revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Ghasemi
- Dental school, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fataneh Farokhpour
- Department of pathology, school of medicine, Isfahan university of medical science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bardia Mortezagholi
- Dental Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Emad Movahed
- Dental Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arshin Ghaedi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Monireh Khanzadeh
- Geriatric & Gerontology Department, Medical School, Tehran University of medical and health sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aida Bazrgar
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Oluwadaisi AM, Aborisade AO, Oyetola EO, Owotade FJ, Agho ET. Hematological parameters, obesity, stress and oxidant - antioxidant indicators in patients with or without recurrent aphthous stomatitis: A case control study. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2023; 124:101654. [PMID: 37838166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2023.101654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) is a frequent chronic disease of the oral cavity that affects 5-25 % of the population with a plethora of predisposing factors. Despite its equivocal etiology, immune alterations, hematologic deficiencies and oxidative stress has been reported to be significant etiologic factors. Stress and obesity are other environmental factors that have been studied to understand associations with RAS. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the association of stress, hematologic parameters, oxidative indices and other selected salivary factors in a case control study on RAS Methods: Twenty-two participants each in both case and control groups were recruited with saliva and serum samples collected from them after a self-administered Recent Life Changing Questionnaire (RLCQ). OHI-S and salivary flow rate (SFR) were calculated with selected hematologic parameters and oxidative indices such as Total oxidant (TOS) and anti-oxidant (TAS) levels and their ratio - Oxidative Stress Index (OSI). Anti-oxidative indices of Ferric-Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and Glutathione Peroxidase Activity (GsPHx) were also estimated. RESULTS The RAS group had a significantly higher RLCQ scores at a median of 145 more than the control (57.5). There was no significant in their obesity indices, however there was a significant higher mean in the ESR (p< 0.0001) and Vit B12 (p = 0.0001); OHI-S was also significantly higher in the RAS group with a median of 1.65. Both the salivary and serum TOS were significantly higher in the RAS (10.0 ± 3.8, 15.4 ± 8.9) compared to the control group (7.92 ± 1.49, 9.56 ± 3.5). GsPHx activity was significantly higher in both the saliva and serum in the control group (0.08 ± 0.08, 0.19 ± 0.11) while nil significant difference was found in the FRAP activity. Regression showed most important variables to be the salivary GsPHx activity, followed by serum OSI and GsPHx activity. CONCLUSION The oxidative indices of TOS, TAS and GsPHx can serve as significant biomarkers in detecting RAS. This further corroborates the role of immune dysregulation in the etiology and predisposition to RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeniyi M Oluwadaisi
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complexes, Ile- Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Adetayo O Aborisade
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital/ Bayero University, Kano, Kano, Nigeria.
| | - Elijah O Oyetola
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complexes, Ile- Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Foluso J Owotade
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complexes, Ile- Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Ekhosuehi T Agho
- Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
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Ghanadian S, Soltani R, Saberi Z, Taheri A, Entezarhojjat A. The effectiveness of olibanum orally disintegrating tablet in the treatment of oral aphthous ulcers: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 27:8. [PMID: 35342437 PMCID: PMC8943586 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_247_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Boswellia serrata oleo-gum-resin (frankincense; olibanum) has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antimicrobial effects. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of frankincense extract in the treatment of oral aphthous ulcers. Materials and Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, patients with aphthous ulcers were randomly assigned to either experimental (Frankincense extract) or placebo groups to use orally disintegrating tablets (ODT) of frankincense and placebo, respectively, four times a day for 3 days. The size of aphthous ulcers and the pain severity by visual analogue scale were recorded at days 0, 2, and 4 and compared between the groups. Results: Twenty-five patients in each group completed the study. Olibanum extract ODT significantly reduced the ulcer size on the second (P < 0.001) and fourth (P < 0.001) days as well as the pain score on the second (P = 0.002) and fourth (P < 0.001) days of the intervention compared to placebo. Furthermore, at the end of the intervention, the number of patients with complete ulcer healing and pain relief in the experimental group was significantly more than the placebo group (5 vs. 0, P = 0.02; and 11 vs. 0, P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Taking olibanum extract ODTs reduces the ulcer size and pain severity and accelerates the healing process in the oral aphthous lesions.
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Derindağ G, Akgül HM, Kızıltunç A, Özkan Hİ, Kızıltunç Özmen H, Akgül N. Evaluation of saliva glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde levels in head-neck radiotherapy patients. Turk J Med Sci 2021; 51:644-649. [PMID: 33098285 PMCID: PMC8203154 DOI: 10.3906/sag-2006-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim It is believed that radiotherapy has important effects on oxidant/antioxidant systems. Oxidative stress occurs when the balance between oxidant formation and antioxidant defense is disrupted in favor of oxidants. The aim of this study was to determine the biochemical changes in saliva pre- and postradiotherapy in head-neck radiotherapy patients and to find out the effects of radiation on glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in saliva. Materials and methods This study included 16 patients undergoing head-neck radiotherapy in Atatürk University Research Hospital. The levels of GSH, GSH-Px, and MDA were measured in saliva samples taken from the patients pre- and postradiotherapy. The same biochemical parameters were also measured in saliva samples from 30 healthy individuals who did not undergo head-neck radiotherapy. The data obtained were analyzed using the paired t-test and the Mann–Whitney U test. Results When the levels of GSH (P > 0.05), GSH-Px (P > 0.05), and MDA (P < 0.05) in saliva were compared pre- and postradiotherapy in the patient group, the only significant increase was detected in the MDA level postradiotherapy. When the pre- and postradiotherapy levels of saliva GSH (P < 0.01, P < 0.001, respectively), GSH-Px (P > 0.05, P < 0.05, respectively), and MDA (P < 0.01, P < 0.001, respectively) were compared with those of the control group, it was revealed that the GSH level was significantly lower and the MDA level was significantly higher in both pre- and postradiotherapy compared to the control group. Also, only the postradiotherapy saliva GSH-Px level was found to be significantly lower than the control group. Conclusion These findings show that the changes in saliva GSH, GSH-Px, and MDA levels in patients with head-neck malignity intensified due to radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Derindağ
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Hayati Murat Akgül
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Kızıltunç
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Halil İbrahim Özkan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hilal Kızıltunç Özmen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey,Anesthesiology Clinical Research Office, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Nilgün Akgül
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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Ahmadi-Motamayel F, Vaziri-Amjad S, Davoodi P, Goodarzi MT, Poorolajal J. Evaluation of Salivary Alkaline Phosphatase and Albumin in HIV Infected Patients: A Historical Cohort Study. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2020; 19:398-402. [PMID: 30289082 DOI: 10.2174/1871526518666181005120804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saliva is a very important complex biological oral fluid .Antioxidants are present in all body fluids. Uric acid, albumin and vitamins are some of the non- enzymatic molecular antioxidants. Alkaline phosphatase is related to cell injury and death. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was the evaluation of salivary alkaline phosphatase and albumin level in HIV positive patients in comparison to healthy control group. METHODS Case groups were 49 HIV positive subjects, compared with 49 healthy control group. Oral clinical examination was carried out. Five ml unstimulated whole saliva was collected during 5 min with the Navazesh method. Alkaline phosphatase was determined by spectrophotometric assay. Albumin was assessed by the nephelometric method. RESULTS The results of this study showed significantly lower salivary albumin in the case group in comparison to healthy control group (p= 0.001). HIV positive group had greater alkaline phosphatase than the healthy control group. However, this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.458). CONCLUSION Salivary albumin level was significantly decreased and salivary alkaline phosphatase level slightly increased in HIV positive patients in comparison to healthy control group. All of the HIV infected patients were in early phase of HIV infection with normal immune status. More research is needed to estimate these enzymes changes in late phase of HIV infection and AIDS step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ahmadi-Motamayel
- Dental Implant Research Center and Dental Research Center, Department of Oral Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Vaziri-Amjad
- Department of Oral Medicine, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Poorandokht Davoodi
- Department of Oral Medicine, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad T Goodarzi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Jalal Poorolajal
- Research Center for Health Sciences and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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The effects of pomegranate peel extract on recurrent aphthous stomatitis. CURRENT ISSUES IN PHARMACY AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/cipms-2019-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
As high as 20% of the population is thought to have recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), hence, finding new therapeutic agents may be needed. Pomegranate (Punica granatum), has been extensively used in the folk medicine of many cultures, as it possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties. In this study, it is hypothesized that a topical form of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) may shorten the duration, accelerate the healing and reduce the pain of RAS patients. The presented randomized, double-blind study was conducted on 56 patients. Herein, 28 patients were advised to apply PPE gel, and the other 28 patients were given placebo gel, twice daily for one week. Efficacy evaluations were made at days 0 (before using the gel), 3, 5 and 7. The mean values of ulcer size, pain and healing duration of ulcers were compared in both groups. PPE gel was significantly effective in reducing the pain (p<0.001), ulcer size (p<0.001), and healing duration of ulcers (p<0.001) over a period of one week. PPE in the form of oral gel can be used in the management of aphthous ulcers.
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Ahmed-Farid OA, Rizk HA, Shehata AM. Hydrogen peroxide modulates redox status, energy metabolism, and gene expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner in rat liver. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018; 32:e22199. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omar A. Ahmed-Farid
- Physiology Department; National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR); Giza Egypt
| | - Hanan A. Rizk
- Pharmacology Department; National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR); Giza Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Shehata
- Physiology Department; National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR); Giza Egypt
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Rezaei F, Soltani T. Evaluation and Comparison of Total Antioxidant Capacity of Saliva Between Patients with Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis and Healthy Subjects. Open Dent J 2018; 12:303-309. [PMID: 29755602 PMCID: PMC5925858 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601812010303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most common chronic ulcerative lesions of the oral mucosa and its development may be associated with oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate salivary Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) in patients with minor RAS. Materials & Methods: In this case-control study, 27 patients with minor RAS and 28 age- and sex-matched controls without RAS were enrolled. TAC was measured in unstimulated saliva for patients (during active lesion phase and after healing) and controls by immunologic assay. Data were analyzed by SPSS 18 using paired and unpaired t-tests (P<0.05). Results: Salivary TAC levels of patients presented a significant increase from active lesion phase (0.26±0.16) to healing time (0.43±0.41); (P=0.034). There was no significant difference in the level of salivary TAC between patients during active lesion phase and controls (0.24±0.13); (P=0.641). Conclusion: Increasing level of salivary TAC may be involved in remission of RAS lesions, suggesting its evaluation in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rezaei
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Taher Soltani
- School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Padalino B, Raidal SL, Knight P, Celi P, Jeffcott L, Muscatello G. Effects of Transportation on Redox Homeostasis and Tracheal Mucus. J Equine Vet Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Tada H, Fujiwara N, Tsunematsu T, Tada Y, Arakaki R, Tamaki N, Ishimaru N, Kudo Y. Preventive effects of mouthguard use while sleeping on recurrent aphthous stomatitis: Preliminary interventional study. Clin Exp Dent Res 2017; 3:198-203. [PMID: 29744201 PMCID: PMC5839199 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is the most common inflammatory ulceration in the oral mucosa of otherwise healthy individuals and is often accompanied by severe pain. However, the etiology of RAS is not completely understood, and currently, no therapy can completely prevent RAS recurrence. In our clinical experience, we noticed that patients using a night guard, which is often used for bruxism treatment, did not develop RAS. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether mouthguard use can suppress RAS development. The cohort of this interventional, prospective, single-center, and self-controlled study included 20 subjects who developed RAS at least once a month. The oral health of all the subjects was recorded for 60 days before and after intervention with a mouthguard. The average number of RAS incidences decreased from 5.5 to 1.0, the average days until healing decreased from 7.3 to 5.6, and the period with RAS decreased from 31.5 to 5.0 with mouthguard use. Mouthguard use may be beneficial for preventing RAS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidesuke Tada
- Department of Oral Molecular PathologyTokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesJapan
- Tada Dental ClinicJapan
| | - Natsumi Fujiwara
- Department of Oral Healthcare PromotionTokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesJapan
| | - Takaaki Tsunematsu
- Department of Oral Molecular PathologyTokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesJapan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineTokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesJapan
| | | | - Rieko Arakaki
- Department of Oral Molecular PathologyTokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesJapan
| | - Naofumi Tamaki
- Department of Preventive DentistryTokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesJapan
| | - Naozumi Ishimaru
- Department of Oral Molecular PathologyTokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesJapan
| | - Yasusei Kudo
- Department of Oral Molecular PathologyTokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesJapan
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Jesija JS, Gopal S, Skiel HP. Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis: An Assessment of Antioxidant Levels in Plasma and Saliva. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:ZC64-ZC67. [PMID: 29207836 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/29065.10624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) is a common oral mucosal disorder that affects 20% of the population worldwide. Factors such as trauma, stress, genetic, hypersensitivity, nutrition, immune disturbance and hormonal imbalance may disturb the oxidant and antioxidant balance of an organism and precipitate RAS, but the relationships are poorly understood. Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant status in plasma and saliva of patients with RAS. Materials and Methods Forty patients with RAS and forty healthy individuals were included in the study. The levels of antioxidants such as Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase (GSHPx) Catalase (CAT) and Uric Acid (UA) were measured in plasma and saliva. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the two groups using independent t-test and ANOVA. Results Decreased SOD levels were observed in plasma amongst RAS patients (p < 0.03) whereas, increased levels were observed in their saliva (p < 0.001) compared to the control group. A significant difference (p < 0.001) was noticed in GSHPx levels: RAS patients exhibited higher levels in plasma but decreased in saliva compared to the control group. CAT activities and UA levels in saliva (p = 0.015 and p < 0.001 respectively) were observed to be significantly higher in RAS patients. Within the RAS group elevated plasma SOD level (p < 0.006) was found in patients with major ulcers whereas, an increased plasma UA (p < 0.01) level was observed in patients with minor ulcers. Conclusion The non-equilibrium antioxidant levels observed in both plasma and saliva indicate the antioxidant status of the body is disturbed in patients with RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Jesija
- Assistant Professor, Department of Dental and Oral Surgery, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saraswathi Gopal
- Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Meenakshi Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hugh P Skiel
- Manager, Department of Development Office, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Hassona Y, Scully C. Salivary changes in oral mucosal diseases. Periodontol 2000 2017; 70:111-27. [PMID: 26662486 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Saliva is a unique biological fluid that can be easily collected and analyzed with low cost and low morbidity. Therefore, there is a growing attention for using salivary biomarkers in the diagnosis and monitoring of disease progress and response to treatment. Salivary changes have been described in relation to oral mucosal diseases. This article discusses the causes and consequences of salivary hypofunction and presents a review of the literature related to changes in salivary parameters in various oral mucosal diseases and in systemic diseases with possible oral mucosal involvement.
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Ziaudeen S, Ravindran R. Assessment of Oxidant-Antioxidant Status and Stress Factor in Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis Patients: Case Control Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:ZC01-ZC04. [PMID: 28511497 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/22894.9348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite its vast occurrence, the aetiology of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) still remains unknown and its aetiology is multifactorial. The factors believed to be associated with the aetiology of RAS, may disturb the equilibrium of oxidant-antioxidant status of the organism and may accelerate the formation of free radicals, resulting in Oxidative Stress (OS). Psychological stress is believed to act as a triggering factor or modifying factor for RAS. AIM To find whether oxidant-antioxidant status and psychosocial stress play a role in the pathogenesis of RAS. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted on 60 subjects over a period of one year (August 2014-August 2015) equally divided into two groups-patients with RAS and healthy controls. Psychosocial stress was analyzed by using Recent Life Changes Questionnaire (RLCQ). Saliva was analyzed to evaluate Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GSHPx) activities, Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Uric Acid (UA) levels in both the study and the control groups, using UV spectrophotometry. RESULTS The mean value of salivary SOD and MDA was increased while the activity of GSHPx and UA decreased in the study group when compared to the controls; the difference being statistically significant (p<0.005). The mean RLCQ stress score was also found to be increased in the RAS group, which showed elevated levels of mental stresses when compared to physical stresses. No significant association was observed between SOD, MDA, GSHPx and UA with high levels of stress score (p>0.05). In the study group, no correlation was observed between the study variables and gender, the number of ulcer episodes in one year, the number of ulcers per episode or the duration of ulcers. CONCLUSION This study shows that salivary antioxidant levels show a significant difference in response to OS in RAS patients. An increase in levels of psychosocial stress is seen associated with patients with RAS indicating its role as a modifying or triggering factor in the initiation of RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Ziaudeen
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology, Azeezia College of Dental Science and Research, Kerala University of Health Sciences, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Rathy Ravindran
- Professor and Head, Department of Oral Pathology, Azeezia College of Dental Science and Research, Kerala University of Health Sciences, Kollam, Kerala, India
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Zhang Z, Li S, Fang H. Enzymatic antioxidants status in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. J Oral Pathol Med 2017; 46:817-820. [PMID: 28054386 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zichuan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology; Bethune International Peace Hospital; Shijiazhuang China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Outpatient; Bethune Military Medical School; Shijiazhuang China
| | - Huiqing Fang
- Department of Stomatology; Bethune International Peace Hospital; Shijiazhuang China
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Bakhtiari S, Toosi P, Samadi S, Bakhshi M. Assessment of Uric Acid Level in the Saliva of Patients with Oral Lichen Planus. Med Princ Pract 2017; 26:57-60. [PMID: 27694755 PMCID: PMC5588325 DOI: 10.1159/000452133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of uric acid (UA) in saliva, which is considered to be an antioxidant defense biomarker against oxidative stress in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP). SUBJECTS AND METHODS In this case-control study, 25 OLP patients were included. The reticular form of OLP was verified by a clinical examination with Wickham striae, and other types (erosive, atrophic, ulcerative) were confirmed by histopathological assessment. Thirty healthy individuals matched for age and gender were selected as the control group. In both groups, the Navazesh technique was used to collect the unstimulated saliva. Then, the amount of UA was measured using a Cobas Mira autoanalyzer with a wavelength of 546 nm. The Student t test was used to analyze the data assuming a significance level at <0.05. RESULTS Of the 25 patients, the most common type of OLP was erosive (n = 11, 44%), and the most common site of OLP was seen as bilateral in the buccal mucosa (n = 12, 48%). The mean level of salivary UA was significantly lower in the patients with OLP (2.10 ± 0.19 mg/dL) in comparison with the control group (4.80 ± 0.29 mg/dL; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION In this study, OLP was associated with a decrease in UA levels in the saliva. Salivary UA as a biomarker could be used for monitoring and treating OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parviz Toosi
- Department of Dermatology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Samadi
- Department of Oral Medicine, Dental Faculty, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahin Bakhshi
- Department of Oral Medicine, Dental Faculty, Tehran, Iran
- *Mahin Bakhshi, Department of Oral Medicine, Dental Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Evin-Daneshjoo Blvd., 1983963113 Tehran (Iran), E-Mail
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Devkar ST, Kandhare AD, Zanwar AA, Jagtap SD, Katyare SS, Bodhankar SL, Hegde MV. Hepatoprotective effect of withanolide-rich fraction in acetaminophen-intoxicated rat: decisive role of TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-II and iNOS. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:2394-2403. [PMID: 27043749 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2016.1157193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Overdose of acetaminophen (APAP) is common in humans and is often associated with hepatic damage. Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Solanaceae) shows multiple pharmacological activities including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the possible mechanism of hepatoprotective activity of withanolide-rich fraction (WRF) isolated from a methanolic extract of Withania somnifera roots. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hepatotoxicity was induced by oral administration of APAP (750 mg/kg, p.o.) for 14 d. The control group received the vehicle. APAP-treated animals were given either silymarin (25 mg/kg) or graded doses of WRF (50, 100 and 200mg/kg) 2 h prior to APAP administration. Animals were killed on 15th day and blood and liver tissue samples were collected for the further analysis. RESULTS In WRF-treated group, there was significant and dose-dependent (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) decrease in serum bilirubin, ALP, AST and ALT levels with significant and dose-dependent (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) increase in hepatic SOD, GSH and total antioxidant capacity. The level of MDA and NO decreased significantly (p < 0.01) by WRF treatment. Up-regulated mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-II and iNOS was significantly down-regulated (p < 0.001) by WRF. Histological alternations induced by APAP in liver were restored to near normality by WRF pretreatment. CONCLUSION WRF may exert its hepatoprotective action by alleviating inflammatory and oxido-nitrosative stress via inhibition of TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-II and iNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh T Devkar
- a Center for Innovation in Nutrition, Health and Disease, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs , Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University , Pune , Maharashtra , India
| | - Amit D Kandhare
- b Department of Pharmacology , Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University , Pune , Maharashtra , India
| | - Anand A Zanwar
- a Center for Innovation in Nutrition, Health and Disease, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs , Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University , Pune , Maharashtra , India
| | - Suresh D Jagtap
- c Interactive Research School in Health Affairs , Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University , Pune , Maharashtra , India
| | - Surendra S Katyare
- a Center for Innovation in Nutrition, Health and Disease, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs , Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University , Pune , Maharashtra , India
| | - Subhash L Bodhankar
- b Department of Pharmacology , Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University , Pune , Maharashtra , India
| | - Mahabaleshwar V Hegde
- a Center for Innovation in Nutrition, Health and Disease, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs , Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University , Pune , Maharashtra , India
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Salivary and Urinary Total Antioxidant Capacity as Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Humans. PATHOLOGY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:5480267. [PMID: 26966611 PMCID: PMC4761395 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5480267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) is a biomarker often used in order to investigate oxidative stress in many pathological conditions. Saliva and urine can be collected noninvasively and represent attractive diagnostic fluids for detecting biomarkers of various pathological conditions. The reviewed case-control and intervention studies that measured salivary or urinary TAC revealed that diseases, antioxidant foods, or supplements and age, gender, and lifestyle factors influenced salivary or urinary TAC. Salivary and urinary TAC were particularly affected by oral or renal status, respectively, as well as by infection; therefore these factors must be taken into account in both case-control and intervention studies. Furthermore, some considerations on sample collection and normalization strategies could be made. In particular, unstimulated saliva could be the better approach to measure salivary TAC, whereas 24 h or spontaneous urine collection should be chosen on the basis of the study outcome and of the creatinine clearance. Finally, the uric acid-independent TAC could be the better approach to evaluate red-ox status of body, in particular after nutritional interventions and in diseases associated with hyperuricaemia.
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Tugrul S, Koçyiğit A, Doğan R, Eren SB, Senturk E, Ozturan O, Ozar OF. Total antioxidant status and oxidative stress in recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Int J Dermatol 2015; 55:e130-5. [PMID: 26625952 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent aphthous stomatitis is an idiopathic, chronic, recurrent inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa. It is thought that oxidative stress caused by systemic inflammation plays a basic role in the etiopathogenesis of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. The aim of this study is to review oxidative status and DNA damage in recurrent aphthous stomatitis. METHOD The study included 42 patients with an active recurrent aphthous stomatitis lesion and 39 healthy volunteers with similar demographic characteristics. DNA damage was analyzed using alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). Plasma levels of total antioxidant status and total oxidative status were determined by using an automated measurement method. Oxidative stress index was calculated as total oxidative status/total antioxidant status and × 100. RESULTS The total oxidative status and oxidative stress index values were significantly higher in the recurrent aphthous stomatitis group compared to the control group, while total antioxidant status values were significantly lower. In the recurrent aphthous stomatitis group, DNA damage was observed to be significantly higher than the control group. In correlation analysis, significant correlation was found between DNA damage and the oxidative stress index and total oxidative status values in the recurrent aphthous stomatitis group. CONCLUSION This is the first report in the literature that demonstrates association of recurrent aphthous stomatitis with increased oxidative status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selahattin Tugrul
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahim Koçyiğit
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Remzi Doğan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sabri Baki Eren
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erol Senturk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Orhan Ozturan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Omer Faruk Ozar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
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Jeeva JS, Sunitha J, Ananthalakshmi R, Rajkumari S, Ramesh M, Krishnan R. Enzymatic antioxidants and its role in oral diseases. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2015; 7:S331-3. [PMID: 26538872 PMCID: PMC4606614 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.163438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants are substances that when present at very low concentration inhibits the oxidation of a molecule. It has the capacity to nullify the ill effects of oxidation caused by free radicals in the living organisms. The unpaired electrons of these free radicals are highly reactive and neutralize the harmful reactions of human metabolism. Protection of the body against free radicals is provided by some enzymes which come under a distinctive group, concerned solely with the detoxification of these radicals. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase are the key enzymatic antioxidants of this defense system by which the free radicals that are produced during metabolic reactions are removed. This review highlights the mechanism of action of enzymatic antioxidants SOD, GPX and catalase and its role in oral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sathiya Jeeva
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J Sunitha
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Ananthalakshmi
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Rajkumari
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sathyabama Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Maya Ramesh
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Vinayaka Mission Dental College and Hospital, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramesh Krishnan
- Department of Pedodontics, Vinayaka Mission Dental College and Hospital, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
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21
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Pamukcu O, Baykan A, Bayram LC, Narin F, Cetin N, Narin N, Argun M, Ozyurt A, Uzum K. Anti-inflammatory role of obestatin in autoimmune myocarditis. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 43:47-55. [PMID: 26426263 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Obestatin is a popular endogeneous peptide, known to have an autoimmune regulatory effect on energy metabolism and the gastrointestinal system. Studies regarding the anti-inflammatory effects of obestatin are scarce. The aim of this study was to show the anti-inflammatory effect of obestatin in an experimental model of autoimmune myocarditis in rats. Experimental autoimmune myocarditis was induced in Lewis rats by immunization with subcutaneous administration of porcine cardiac myosin, twice at 7-day intervals. Intraperitoneal pretreatment with obestatin (50 μg/kg) was started before the induction of myocarditis and continued for 3 weeks. The severity of myocarditis was evidenced by clinical, echocardiographic and histological findings. In addition, by-products of neutrophil activation, lipid peroxidation, inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were measured in serum. Obestatin significantly ameliorated the clinical and histopathological severity of autoimmune myocarditis. Therapeutic effects of obestatin in myocarditis were associated with reduced lipid peroxidation, suppression of polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration and enhancement of glutathione synthesis, inhibition of serum inflammatory and activation of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Histopathologically, the left ventricle was significantly dilated, and its wall thickened, along with widespread lymphocytic and histocytic infiltration. The myocardium was severely infiltrated with relatively large mononuclear cells. These histopathological changes were observed in lesser degrees in obestatin-treated rats. This study demonstrated a novel anti-inflammatory effect of obestatin in an experimental model of autoimmune myocarditis. Consequently, obestatin administration may represent a promising therapeutic approach for myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Pamukcu
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ali Baykan
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | - Figen Narin
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Nazmi Cetin
- School of Veterinarian Physiology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Nazmi Narin
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Argun
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Ozyurt
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Kazim Uzum
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Kiran GC, Reginald BA. Aphthous ulcers, salivary peroxidase and stress: Are they related? J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2015; 19:37-41. [PMID: 26097305 PMCID: PMC4451665 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.157199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In today's high strung lifestyle, stress plays a major role on our health. Studies using ultraweak chemiluminescence have been able to demonstrate this effect, of psychological stress on the immune system, using saliva as a psychological stress marker. The impact of psychosocial factors on the oral mucosal lesions of individuals found that stress can contribute to weakened immunity and increased susceptibility to infection. Aim: To study the role of salivary peroxidase (SPOx) in psychologically stressed individuals with and without the presence of aphthous ulcer. Materials and Methods: The study involved evaluating subjects for stress, using Perceived Stress Scale. Depending on the stress scores and the presence or absence of oral aphthae, they were assigned into 3 groups of 30 each. After a thorough oral examination, individual samples of saliva was collected and subjected to microprotein estimation using a biochemical analyzer. Statistical Analysis Used: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student's t-test. Results: Decreased levels of peroxidase were found in individuals’ with aphthous ulcers, while the same was increased when no lesions were found and also on a lower stress scale. Conclusions: Our study analysis does show a variation in enzyme levels between the different groups highlighting the influence of stress on the peroxidase levels, which in turn when imbalanced, results in tissue damage, leading to aphthous formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha C Kiran
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Bernard Ajay Reginald
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Low-level laser therapy in the treatment of recurrent aphthous ulcers: a systematic review. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:150412. [PMID: 25879049 PMCID: PMC4386290 DOI: 10.1155/2015/150412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAUs) are the most common lesion found in the oral cavity. There is no definitive cure for RAUs and current treatments are aimed at minimizing symptoms. Since low-level laser therapy (LLLT) modulates inflammatory responses, and promotes pain reduction and cellular biostimulation, LLLT can be suggested as an alternative treatment for RAUs. The literature concerning the potential of LLLT in the treatment of RAUs was evaluated. A systematic literature review identified 22 publications, of which only 2 studies were adopted. The eligibility criteria consisted of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Both RCTs achieved significant results concerning LLLT and pain-level reductions and reduced healing times. Despite the variance in irradiation conditions applied in both studies, very similar wavelengths were adopted. There is accordingly strong evidence that wavelength plays an important role in RAU treatment. Taking into account the different parameters applied by selected RCTs, it is not possible to suggest that a specific protocol should be used. However, in light of the significant results found in both studies, LLLT can be suggested as an alternative for RAU treatment. Additional RCTs should be performed in order to reach a clinical protocol and better understand the application of LLLT in RAU treatment.
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Assessment of serum enzymatic antioxidant levels in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a case control study. Enzyme Res 2015; 2014:340819. [PMID: 25574385 PMCID: PMC4276695 DOI: 10.1155/2014/340819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common oral mucosal disorder characterized by recurrent, painful oral aphthae. Despite extensive research, the exact etiology of RAS remains elusive. Recently oxidant-antioxidant imbalance of the body has been implicated in the pathogenesis of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate the enzymatic antioxidant levels in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Materials and Methods. The serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) were measured in 30 patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis and compared to the control group, which included 30 healthy subjects. Student's t-test was performed for statistical evaluation. Results. The mean levels of superoxide dismutase (130.2 ± 15.94 U/mL) and glutathione peroxidase (3527.93 ± 488.32 U/L) were found to be significantly lower in study group as compared to control group (211.9 ± 20.93 U/mL, 8860.93 ± 1105.31 U/L, resp.) (P = 0.000) while level of catalase in study group was significantly higher when compared to control group (10981.00 ± 1018.07 U/mL versus 9764.00 ± 1621.19 U/mL) (P = 0.000). Conclusion. Enzymatic antioxidant system is impaired in recurrent aphthous stomatitis patients and seems to play a crucial role in its pathogenesis.
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Khademi H, Khozeimeh F, Tavangar A, Amini S, Ghalayani P. The Serum and salivary level of malondialdehyde, vitamins A, E, and C in patient with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Adv Biomed Res 2014; 3:246. [PMID: 25590024 PMCID: PMC4283250 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.146366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a chronic inflammatory disease affected oral mucosa which has afflicted about 20% of the society. Etiology of this disease is unknown. Three main factors influencing aphthous stomatitis are genetic, hematologic, and immunologic factors. Another proposed factor that may be considered in etiology of aphthous ulcer is oxidant, anti-oxidant imbalance in the body. The purpose of this study was the evaluation of lipid peroxide enzyme as an important oxidant agent and anti-oxidant vitamins in the saliva and serum of the patients suffering from RAS and compare it to healthy people. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional, descriptive – analytical study, 25 patients suffering from RAS were compared to 24 healthy individuals. Applying enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as Vitamins A, E, and C were measured in the saliva and serum of two groups. The results were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version (11.5), t-test and χ2. Results: No significant difference was detected between salivary and serum levels of antioxidant vitamins (A, E, and C) and MDA in both experimental groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, RAS is not associated with oxidant–antioxidant imbalance in the body. However, it seems quite necessary to carry out more studies in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidar Khademi
- Department of Oral Medicine, Torabinejad Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Faezeh Khozeimeh
- Department of Oral Medicine, Torabinejad Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Atefeh Tavangar
- Department of Oral Medicine, Torabinejad Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sima Amini
- Department of Oral Medicine, Torabinejad Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parichehr Ghalayani
- Department of Oral Medicine, Torabinejad Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Avci E, Akarslan ZZ, Erten H, Coskun-Cevher S. Oxidative stress and cellular immunity in patients with recurrent aphthous ulcers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 47:355-60. [PMID: 24760117 PMCID: PMC4075302 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20143714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) is an inflammatory condition of the oral mucosa
characterized by painful, well-circumscribed, single or multiple round or ovoid
ulcerations. The exact etiologic factor(s) of these ulcerations are not yet
understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate inflammatory processes and
free radical metabolism of 25 patients with RAUs compared to 25 healthy controls. The
levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were determined by
high-performance liquid chromatography. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α),
interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-10, and IL-12 were determined by ELISA. Nitric oxide (NO),
myeloperoxidase (MPO), total antioxidant status (TAS), and total oxidant status (TOS)
levels were measured spectroscopically in serum. The levels of MDA, GSH, TNF-α, IL-2,
IL-12, MPO, and TOS, and oxidative stress index (OSI) were higher, and the levels of
NO, IL-10, and TAS were lower in patients with RAU than in controls. Statistical
analysis showed that GSH, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-10, and OSI differed significantly in
patients with RAU compared to controls. These parameters have important roles in
oxidant/antioxidant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Avci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics/Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - Z Z Akarslan
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - H Erten
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S Coskun-Cevher
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Belenguer-Guallar I, Jiménez-Soriano Y, Claramunt-Lozano A. Treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. A literature review. J Clin Exp Dent 2014; 6:e168-74. [PMID: 24790718 PMCID: PMC4002348 DOI: 10.4317/jced.51401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is the most common chronic disease of the oral cavity, affecting 5-25% of the population. The underlying etiology remains unclear, and no curative treatment is available.
The present review examines the existing treatments for RAS with the purpose of answering a number of questions: How should these patients be treated in the dental clinic? What topical drugs are available and when should they be used? What systemic drugs are available and when should they be used?
A literature search was made of the PubMed, Cochrane and Scopus databases, limited to articles published between 2008-2012, with scientific levels of evidence 1 and 2 (metaanalyses, systematic reviews, phase I and II randomized clinical trials, cohort studies and case-control studies), and conducted in humans.
The results obtained indicate that the management of RAS should be based on identification and control of the possible predisposing factors, with the exclusion of possible underlying systemic causes, and the use of a detailed clinical history along with complementary procedures such as laboratory tests, where required.
Only in the case of continuous outbreaks and symptoms should drug treatment be prescribed, with the initial application of local treatments in all cases. A broad range of topical medications are available, including antiseptics (chlorhexidine), antiinflammatory drugs (amlexanox), antibiotics (tetracyclines) and corticosteroids (triamcinolone acetonide).
In patients with constant and aggressive outbreaks (major aphthae), pain is intense and topical treatment is unable to afford symptoms relief. Systemic therapy is indicated in such situations, in the form of corticosteroids (prednisone) or thalidomide, among other drugs.
Key words:Recurrent aphthous stomatitis, treatment, clinical management.
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Bagan J, Saez G, Tormos C, Gavalda C, Sanchis JM, Bagan L, Scully C. Oxidative stress and recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Clin Oral Investig 2014; 18:1919-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-013-1181-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Ozturk P, Belge Kurutas E, Ataseven A. Copper/zinc and copper/selenium ratios, and oxidative stress as biochemical markers in recurrent aphthous stomatitis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2013; 27:312-6. [PMID: 23664921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PROJECT Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common oral mucosal disorder characterized by recurrent, painful oral aphthae, and oxidative stress presumably contributes to its pathogenesis. The aim of this study is to scrutinize the relationship between oxidative stress and serum trace elements (copper, Cu; zinc, Zn; selenium, Se), and to evaluate the ratios of Cu/Zn and Cu/Se in this disorder. PROCEDURE Patients with RAS (n = 33) and age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects (n = 30) were enrolled in this study. Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in plasma and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD1; CuZnSOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) in erythrocyte were determined as spectrophotometric. Also, the levels of Se, Zn and Cu in serum were determined on flame and furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer using Zeeman background correction. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Oxidative stress was confirmed by the significant elevation in plasma MDA, and by the significant decrease in CAT, SOD1, and GPx (p < 0.05). When compared to controls, Zn and Se levels were significantly lower in patients, whereas Cu levels was higher in RAS patients than those in controls (p < 0.05). In addition, the correlation results of this study were firstly shown that there were significant and positive correlations between Se-CAT, Se-GPx, and Cu-MDA parameters, but negative correlations between Se-Cu, Se-MDA, Cu-CAT, Cu-SOD1 and Cu-GPx parameters in RAS patients. Furthermore, the ratios of Cu/Zn and Cu/Se were significantly higher in the patients than the control subjects (p < 0.05). Our results indicated that lipid peroxidation associated with the imbalance of the trace elements seems to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of RAS. Furthermore, the serum Cu/Zn and Cu/Se ratios may be used as biochemical markers in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perihan Ozturk
- Sutcu Imam University, Medicine of Faculty, Department of Dermatology, Kahramanmaras, Turkey.
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Akoglu G, Metin A, Kilinc F, Pektas SD, Isikoglu S, Akbas A, Sener S. Total serum oxidant/antioxidant status and arylesterase activity in recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Ann Dermatol 2013; 25:273-7. [PMID: 24003267 PMCID: PMC3756189 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2013.25.3.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disorder of the oral mucosa with unknown etiology. Oxidative stress (OS) is suggested to play a main role in the etiopathogenesis in RAS. Objective In this study, we hypothesize that a systemic OS is present in patients with RAS. Methods Forty-four patients with active RAS lesions and 38 healthy controls were being included in the study. Serum total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and paraoxonase 1 arylesterase (ARES) activity were being determined. Results RAS patients had significantly lower TAS levels and higher TOS and OSI values than controls. The patients had a lower ARES activity when compared to healthy controls. No correlations were observed between OS parameters and age, gender, duration of disease or frequency of RAS attacks per month. Conclusion A systemic OS is determined with an imbalance in oxidant/antioxidant status and lower ARES activity in RAS. Systemic OS may have an important role in the pathogenesis of RAS formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsen Akoglu
- Dermatology Clinic, Ankara Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Potential prevention: Aloe vera mouthwash may reduce radiation-induced oral mucositis in head and neck cancer patients. Chin J Integr Med 2012; 18:635-40. [PMID: 22855041 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-012-1183-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, more head and neck cancer patients have been treated with radiotherapy. Radiation-induced mucositis is a common and dose limiting toxicity of radiotherapy among patients with head and neck cancers. Patients undergoing radiation therapy for head and neck cancer are also at increased risk of developing oral candidiasis. A number of new agents applied locally or systemically to prevent or treat radiation-induced mucositis have been investigated, but there is no widely accepted prophylactic or effective treatment for mucositis. Topical Aloe vera is widely used for mild sunburn, frostbites, and scalding burns. Studies have reported the beneficial effects of Aloe gel for wound healing, mucous membrane protection, and treatment of oral ulcers, in addition to antiinflammatory, immunomudulation, antifungal, scavenging free radicals, increasing collagen formation and inhibiting collagenase. Herein the author postulates that oral Aloe vera mouthwash may not only prevent radiation-induced mucositis by its wound healing and antiinflammatory mechanism, but also may reduce oral candidiasis of patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy due to its antifungal and immunomodulatory properties. Hence, Aloe vera mouthwash may provide an alternative agent for treating radiation-induced oral mucositis and candidiasis in patients with head and neck cancers.
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Azizi A, Farshchi F. Comparison of salivary and plasma antioxidant levels in lichen planus patients and healthy subjects. J Oral Pathol Med 2012; 41:524-6. [PMID: 22530656 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2012.01138.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic, mucocutaneous, inflammatory disease. It has become more evident that the immune system plays a primary role in the development of this disease. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the total antioxidant status (TAS) of saliva and serum in patients with erosive OLP. METHOD AND MATERIALS This study was designed as case-control. In total, 48 patients with erosive OLP (34 women and 14 men) were enrolled as case group, and 44 self-admitted healthy people (34 women and 10 men) were selected as control group. Measurement of total antioxidant status was carried out in saliva and plasma. t-test was used for statistical analysis with significant level set at P < 0.05. RESULTS The mean ± SD of salivary TAS in case group was 0.98 ± 0.12, and in control group was 1.32 ± 0.18 mM, respectively, and there were significant differences between groups (P < 0.02). The mean ± SD of the plasma TAS in the case group and the control group was 1.24 ± 0.17 and 1.84 ± 0.34 mM, respectively. There were significant differences between two groups (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Our results showed that salivary and plasma levels of total antioxidant status in erosive OLP patients were lower than those in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Azizi
- Department of Oral Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Dental Branch, Tehran, Iran.
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Comparison of Aloe Vera Mouthwash With Triamcinolone Acetonide 0.1% on Oral Lichen Planus: A Randomized Double-Blinded Clinical Trial. Am J Med Sci 2011; 342:447-51. [DOI: 10.1097/maj.0b013e3182171164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Reddy S, Swapna LA, Ramesh T, Singh TR, Pradeep K. Influence of cigarette smoking on blood and salivary super oxide dismutase levels among smokers and non-smokers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 3:298-303. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2041-1626.2011.00097.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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