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Hijam AC, Tongbram YC, Nongthombam PD, Meitei HN, Koijam AS, Rajashekar Y, Haobam R. Neuroprotective potential of traditionally used medicinal plants of Manipur against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 330:118197. [PMID: 38636579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex DC., Eryngium foetidum L., and Stephania japonica (Thunb.) Miers plants are traditionally used to treat various central nervous system disorders like paralysis, epilepsy, seizure, convulsion, chronic pain, headache, sleep disturbances, sprain, and mental disorders. However, their possible neuroprotective effects have not been evaluated experimentally so far. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aims to examine the neuroprotective potential of the three plants against cytotoxicity induced by rotenone in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and assess its plausible mechanisms of neuroprotection. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antioxidant properties of the plant extracts were determined chemically by DPPH and ABTS assay methods. The cytotoxicity of rotenone and the cytoprotective activities of the extracts were evaluated using MTT assays. Microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) expression studies in cells were performed to assess neuronal survival after rotenone and extract treatments. Mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species were evaluated using Rhodamine 123 and DCF-DA dye, respectively. Catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities were also measured. Apoptotic nuclei were examined using DAPI staining. Liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) analysis of the plant extracts was also performed. RESULTS The methanol extracts of A. sessilis, S. japonica, and E. foetidum showed excellent free radical scavenging activities. MAP2 expression studies show that A. sessilis and S. japonica have higher neuroprotective effects against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells than E. foetidum. Pre-treating cells with the plant extracts reverses the rotenone-induced increase in intracellular ROS. The plant extracts could also restore the reduced mitochondrial membrane potential induced by rotenone treatment and reinstate rotenone-induced increases in catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities. All the extracts inhibited rotenone-induced changes in nuclear morphology and DNA condensation, an early event of cellular apoptosis. LC-QTOF-MS analysis of the plant extracts shows the presence of neuroprotective compounds. CONCLUSIONS The plant extracts showed neuroprotective activities against rotenone-treated SH-SY5Y cells through antioxidant and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. These findings support the ethnopharmacological uses of these plants in treating neurological disorders. They probably are a good source of neuroprotective compounds that could be further explored to develop treatment strategies for neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Chanu Hijam
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, 795003, Manipur, India
| | | | - Pooja Devi Nongthombam
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, 795003, Manipur, India
| | | | - Arunkumar Singh Koijam
- Insect Bioresources Laboratory, Animal Bioresources Programme, Institute of Bioresources & Sustainable Development, Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India, Takyelpat, Imphal, 795001, Manipur, India
| | - Yallapa Rajashekar
- Insect Bioresources Laboratory, Animal Bioresources Programme, Institute of Bioresources & Sustainable Development, Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India, Takyelpat, Imphal, 795001, Manipur, India
| | - Reena Haobam
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, 795003, Manipur, India.
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Zeng J, Liu X, Dong Z, Zhang F, Qiu F, Zhong M, Zhao T, Yang C, Zeng L, Lan X, Zhang H, Zhou J, Chen M, Tang K, Liao Z. Discovering a mitochondrion-localized BAHD acyltransferase involved in calystegine biosynthesis and engineering the production of 3β-tigloyloxytropane. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3623. [PMID: 38684703 PMCID: PMC11058270 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47968-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Solanaceous plants produce tropane alkaloids (TAs) via esterification of 3α- and 3β-tropanol. Although littorine synthase is revealed to be responsible for 3α-tropanol esterification that leads to hyoscyamine biosynthesis, the genes associated with 3β-tropanol esterification are unknown. Here, we report that a BAHD acyltransferase from Atropa belladonna, 3β-tigloyloxytropane synthase (TS), catalyzes 3β-tropanol and tigloyl-CoA to form 3β-tigloyloxytropane, the key intermediate in calystegine biosynthesis and a potential drug for treating neurodegenerative disease. Unlike other cytosolic-localized BAHD acyltransferases, TS is localized to mitochondria. The catalytic mechanism of TS is revealed through molecular docking and site-directed mutagenesis. Subsequently, 3β-tigloyloxytropane is synthesized in tobacco. A bacterial CoA ligase (PcICS) is found to synthesize tigloyl-CoA, an acyl donor for 3β-tigloyloxytropane biosynthesis. By expressing TS mutant and PcICS, engineered Escherichia coli synthesizes 3β-tigloyloxytropane from tiglic acid and 3β-tropanol. This study helps to characterize the enzymology and chemodiversity of TAs and provides an approach for producing 3β-tigloyloxytropane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlan Zeng
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhaoyue Dong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Fangyuan Zhang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Fei Qiu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Mingyu Zhong
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Tengfei Zhao
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chunxian Yang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lingjiang Zeng
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaozhong Lan
- TAAHC-SWU Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, The Provincial and Ministerial Co-founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R&D in Xizang Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, Nyingchi, 860000, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Junhui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Kexuan Tang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhihua Liao
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Wallace W, de Moore G. Edward Trautner (1890-1978), a pioneer of psychopharmacology. JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF THE NEUROSCIENCES 2024; 33:1-56. [PMID: 37862283 DOI: 10.1080/0964704x.2023.2226710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
This article examines the scientific career of Edward Trautner, who did pioneering research in the 1950s on lithium treatment for psychiatric disorders. Trautner was the first scientist to study the mechanism of action of lithium as a psychiatric medication. His research established that lithium could be used safely and rationally, and anticipated by a decade the large volume of research in the 1960s and 1970s that led to international acceptance of lithium treatment for mood disorders. Trautner was a pioneer of biological psychiatry who considered pharmacology to be a useful therapeutical tool rather than a permanent cure for putative chemical imbalances. His research involved cross-disciplinary collaborations that combined clinical and laboratory research in the disciplines of psychiatry, physiology, biochemistry, teratology, and even oncology. Trautner himself had a multidisciplinary background that included publications in literature and philosophy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Greg de Moore
- University of Western Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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