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MacLean MR, Walker OL, Arun RP, Fernando W, Marcato P. Informed by Cancer Stem Cells of Solid Tumors: Advances in Treatments Targeting Tumor-Promoting Factors and Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4102. [PMID: 38612911 PMCID: PMC11012648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a subpopulation within tumors that promote cancer progression, metastasis, and recurrence due to their self-renewal capacity and resistance to conventional therapies. CSC-specific markers and signaling pathways highly active in CSCs have emerged as a promising strategy for improving patient outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the therapeutic targets associated with CSCs of solid tumors across various cancer types, including key molecular markers aldehyde dehydrogenases, CD44, epithelial cellular adhesion molecule, and CD133 and signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, and Sonic Hedgehog. We discuss a wide array of therapeutic modalities ranging from targeted antibodies, small molecule inhibitors, and near-infrared photoimmunotherapy to advanced genetic approaches like RNA interference, CRISPR/Cas9 technology, aptamers, antisense oligonucleotides, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, CAR natural killer cells, bispecific T cell engagers, immunotoxins, drug-antibody conjugates, therapeutic peptides, and dendritic cell vaccines. This review spans developments from preclinical investigations to ongoing clinical trials, highlighting the innovative targeting strategies that have been informed by CSC-associated pathways and molecules to overcome therapeutic resistance. We aim to provide insights into the potential of these therapies to revolutionize cancer treatment, underscoring the critical need for a multi-faceted approach in the battle against cancer. This comprehensive analysis demonstrates how advances made in the CSC field have informed significant developments in novel targeted therapeutic approaches, with the ultimate goal of achieving more effective and durable responses in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya R. MacLean
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (M.R.M.); (O.L.W.); (R.P.A.); (W.F.)
| | - Olivia L. Walker
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (M.R.M.); (O.L.W.); (R.P.A.); (W.F.)
| | - Raj Pranap Arun
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (M.R.M.); (O.L.W.); (R.P.A.); (W.F.)
| | - Wasundara Fernando
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (M.R.M.); (O.L.W.); (R.P.A.); (W.F.)
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Paola Marcato
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (M.R.M.); (O.L.W.); (R.P.A.); (W.F.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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2
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Moreno-Londoño AP, Robles-Flores M. Functional Roles of CD133: More than Stemness Associated Factor Regulated by the Microenvironment. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:25-51. [PMID: 37922108 PMCID: PMC10799829 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10647-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
CD133 protein has been one of the most used surface markers to select and identify cancer cells with stem-like features. However, its expression is not restricted to tumoral cells; it is also expressed in differentiated cells and stem/progenitor cells in various normal tissues. CD133 participates in several cellular processes, in part orchestrating signal transduction of essential pathways that frequently are dysregulated in cancer, such as PI3K/Akt signaling and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. CD133 expression correlates with enhanced cell self-renewal, migration, invasion, and survival under stress conditions in cancer. Aside from the intrinsic cell mechanisms that regulate CD133 expression in each cellular type, extrinsic factors from the surrounding niche can also impact CD33 levels. The enhanced CD133 expression in cells can confer adaptive advantages by amplifying the activation of a specific signaling pathway in a context-dependent manner. In this review, we do not only describe the CD133 physiological functions known so far, but importantly, we analyze how the microenvironment changes impact the regulation of CD133 functions emphasizing its value as a marker of cell adaptability beyond a cancer-stem cell marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Patricia Moreno-Londoño
- Department of Biochemistry, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha Robles-Flores
- Department of Biochemistry, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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3
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Miyazaki NL, Furusawa A, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H. Review of RM-1929 Near-Infrared Photoimmunotherapy Clinical Efficacy for Unresectable and/or Recurrent Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5117. [PMID: 37958293 PMCID: PMC10650558 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) contribute to a significant global cancer burden. Developments in current therapeutic approaches have improved patient outcomes but have limited efficacy in patients with unresectable and/or recurrent HNSCC. RM-1929 near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is an emerging treatment that is currently being investigated in a Phase III clinical trial and has been conditionally approved for the treatment of unresectable and/or recurrent HNSCC in Japan. Here, we collect a series of case reports and clinical trial data to assess the efficacy of RM-1929 NIR-PIT. Disease control rates ranged from 66.7 to 100% across these studies, and overall response rates ranged from 43.3 to 100%, suggesting positive clinical outcomes. Low-grade postoperative localized pain and edema were the most frequently reported side effects, and preliminary reports on quality of life and pain levels suggest that RM-1929 NIR-PIT does not significantly decrease quality of life and is manageable with existing pain management strategies, including opioids. These preliminary data in real-world use of RM-1929 NIR-PIT show that it is a well-tolerated therapy that has clinically meaningful outcomes for patients with unresectable and/or recurrent HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.L.M.); (A.F.); (P.L.C.)
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4
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Hoque S, Dhar R, Kar R, Mukherjee S, Mukherjee D, Mukerjee N, Nag S, Tomar N, Mallik S. Cancer stem cells (CSCs): key player of radiotherapy resistance and its clinical significance. Biomarkers 2023; 28:139-151. [PMID: 36503350 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2022.2157875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are self-renewing and slow-multiplying micro subpopulations in tumour microenvironments. CSCs contribute to cancer's resistance to radiation (including radiation) and other treatments. CSCs control the heterogeneity of the tumour. It alters the tumour's microenvironment cellular singling and promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Current research decodes the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and CSCs interlink in radiation resistance. Exosome is a subpopulation of EVs and originated from plasma membrane. It is secreted by several active cells. It involed in cellular communication and messenger of healthly and multiple pathological complications. Exosomal biological active cargos (DNA, RNA, protein, lipid and glycan), are capable to transform recipient cells' nature. The molecular signatures of CSCs and CSC-derived exosomes are potential source of cancer theranostics development. This review discusse cancer stem cells, radiation-mediated CSCs development, EMT associated with CSCs, the role of exosomes in radioresistance development, the current state of radiation therapy and the use of CSCs and CSCs-derived exosomes biomolecules as a clinical screening biomarker for cancer. This review gives new researchers a reason to keep an eye on the next phase of scientific research into cancer theranostics that will help mankind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saminur Hoque
- Department of Radiology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Rajib Dhar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Rishav Kar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute
| | - Sayantanee Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | | | - Nobendu Mukerjee
- Department of Microbiology, West Bengal State University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.,Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia
| | - Sagnik Nag
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Namrata Tomar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Saurav Mallik
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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5
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Mohiuddin TM, Zhang C, Sheng W, Al-Rawe M, Zeppernick F, Meinhold-Heerlein I, Hussain AF. Near Infrared Photoimmunotherapy: A Review of Recent Progress and Their Target Molecules for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2655. [PMID: 36768976 PMCID: PMC9916513 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Near infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a newly developed molecular targeted cancer treatment, which selectively kills cancer cells or immune-regulatory cells and induces therapeutic host immune responses by administrating a cancer targeting moiety conjugated with IRdye700. The local exposure to near-infrared (NIR) light causes a photo-induced ligand release reaction, which causes damage to the target cell, resulting in immunogenic cell death (ICD) with little or no side effect to the surrounding normal cells. Moreover, NIR-PIT can generate an immune response in distant metastases and inhibit further cancer attack by combing cancer cells targeting NIR-PIT and immune regulatory cells targeting NIR-PIT or other cancer treatment modalities. Several recent improvements in NIR-PIT have been explored such as catheter-driven NIR light delivery, real-time monitoring of cancer, and the development of new target molecule, leading to NIR-PIT being considered as a promising cancer therapy. In this review, we discuss the progress of NIR-PIT, their mechanism and design strategies for cancer treatment. Furthermore, the overall possible targeting molecules for NIR-PIT with their application for cancer treatment are briefly summarised.
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6
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Sabu A, Liu TI, Ng SS, Doong RA, Huang YF, Chiu HC. Nanomedicines Targeting Glioma Stem Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:158-181. [PMID: 35544684 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), classified as a grade IV glioma, is a rapidly growing, aggressive, and most commonly occurring tumor of the central nervous system. Despite the therapeutic advances, it carries an ominous prognosis, with a median survival of 14.6 months after diagnosis. Accumulating evidence suggests that cancer stem cells in GBM, termed glioma stem cells (GSCs), play a crucial role in tumor propagation, treatment resistance, and tumor recurrence. GSCs, possessing the capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation, are responsible for tumor growth and heterogeneity, leading to primary obstacles to current cancer therapy. In this respect, increasing efforts have been devoted to the development of anti-GSC strategies based on targeting GSC surface markers, blockage of essential signaling pathways of GSCs, and manipulating the tumor microenvironment (GSC niches). In this review, we will discuss the research knowledge regarding GSC-based therapy and the underlying mechanisms for the treatment of GBM. Given the rapid progression in nanotechnology, innovative nanomedicines developed for GSC targeting will also be highlighted from the perspective of rationale, advantages, and limitations. The goal of this review is to provide broader understanding and key considerations toward the future direction of GSC-based nanotheranostics to fight against GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Sabu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Te-I Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Siew Suan Ng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-An Doong
- Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fen Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Cheng Chiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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7
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Wei D, Qi J, Hamblin MR, Wen X, Jiang X, Yang H. Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy: design and potential applications for cancer treatment and beyond. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:7108-7131. [PMID: 36276636 PMCID: PMC9576624 DOI: 10.7150/thno.74820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a newly developed cancer treatment modality based on a target-specific photosensitizer conjugate (TSPC) composed of an NIR phthalocyanine photosensitizer and an antigen-specific recognition system. NIR-PIT has predominantly been used for targeted therapy of tumors via local irradiation with NIR light, following binding of TSPC to antigen-expressing cells. Physical stress-induced membrane damage is thought to be a major mechanism underlying NIR-PIT-triggered photokilling. Notably, NIR-PIT can rapidly induce immunogenic cell death and activate the adaptive immune response, thereby enabling its combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Furthermore, NIR-PIT-triggered “super-enhanced permeability and retention” effects can enhance drug delivery into tumors. Supported by its potential efficacy and safety, NIR-PIT is a rapidly developing therapeutic option for various cancers. Hence, this review seeks to provide an update on the (i) broad range of target molecules suitable for NIR-PIT, (ii) various types of receptor-selective ligands for designing the TSPC “magic bullet,” (iii) NIR light parameters, and (iv) strategies for enhancing the efficacy of NIR-PIT. Moreover, we review the potential application of NIR-PIT, including the specific design and efficacy in 19 different cancer types, and its clinical studies. Finally, we summarize possible NIR-PIT applications in noncancerous conditions, including infection, pain, itching, metabolic disease, autoimmune disease, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Wei
- Department of Dermatology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,NHC Key Lab of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Organ Transplant Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jinxin Qi
- Department of Dermatology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Xiang Wen
- Department of Dermatology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xian Jiang
- Department of Dermatology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hao Yang
- NHC Key Lab of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Organ Transplant Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Chengdu 610041, China.,Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Pathology in Clinical Application, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
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8
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Inagaki FF, Kato T, Furusawa A, Okada R, Wakiyama H, Furumoto H, Okuyama S, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H. Disialoganglioside GD2-Targeted Near-Infrared Photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) in Tumors of Neuroectodermal Origin. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2037. [PMID: 36297471 PMCID: PMC9612122 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Disialoganglioside (GD2) is a subtype of glycolipids that is highly expressed in tumors of neuroectodermal origins, such as neuroblastoma and osteosarcoma. Its limited expression in normal tissues makes GD2 a potential target for precision therapy. Several anti-GD2 monoclonal antibodies are currently in clinical use and have had moderate success. Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a cancer therapy that arms antibodies with IRDye700DX (IR700) and then exposes this antibody-dye conjugate (ADC) to NIR light at a wavelength of 690 nm. NIR light irradiation induces a profound photochemical response in IR700, resulting in protein aggregates that lead to cell membrane damage and death. In this study, we examined the feasibility of GD2-targeted NIR-PIT. Although GD2, like other glycolipids, is only located in the outer leaflet of the cell membrane, the aggregates formation exerted sufficient physical force to disrupt the cell membrane and kill target cells in vitro. In in vivo studies, tumor growth was significantly inhibited after GD2-targeted NIR-PIT, resulting in prolonged survival. Following GD2-targeted NIR-PIT, activation of host immunity was observed. In conclusion, GD2-targeted NIR-PIT was similarly effective to the conventional protein-targeted NIR-PIT. This study demonstrates that membrane glycolipid can be a new target of NIR-PIT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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9
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Lam FC, Tsedev U, Kasper EM, Belcher AM. Forging the Frontiers of Image-Guided Neurosurgery—The Emerging Uses of Theranostics in Neurosurgical Oncology. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:857093. [PMID: 35903794 PMCID: PMC9315239 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.857093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fred C. Lam
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Division of Neurosurgery, Saint Elizabeth’s Medical Center, Brighton, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Fred C. Lam,
| | - Uyanga Tsedev
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Ekkehard M. Kasper
- Division of Neurosurgery, Saint Elizabeth’s Medical Center, Brighton, MA, United States
| | - Angela M. Belcher
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
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10
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Faiz K, Lam FC, Chen J, Kasper EM, Salehi F. The Emerging Applications of Nanotechnology in Neuroimaging: A Comprehensive Review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:855195. [PMID: 35875504 PMCID: PMC9297121 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.855195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging modalities such as computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have greatly improved in their ability to achieve higher spatial resolution of neurovascular and soft tissue neuroanatomy, allowing for increased accuracy in the diagnosis of neurological conditions. However, the use of conventional contrast agents that have short tissue retention time and associated renal toxicities, or expensive radioisotope tracers that are not widely available, continue to limit the sensitivity of these imaging modalities. Nanoparticles can potentially address these shortcomings by enhancing tissue retention and improving signal intensity in the brain and neural axis. In this review, we discuss the use of different types of nanotechnology to improve the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of a wide range of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khunza Faiz
- Department of Radiology, McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Fred C. Lam
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Division of Neurosurgery, Saint Elizabeth Medical Center, Brighton, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Fred C. Lam, ; Ekkehard M. Kasper, ; Fateme Salehi,
| | - Jay Chen
- Department of Radiology, McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ekkehard M. Kasper
- Division of Neurosurgery, Saint Elizabeth Medical Center, Brighton, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Fred C. Lam, ; Ekkehard M. Kasper, ; Fateme Salehi,
| | - Fateme Salehi
- Department of Radiology, McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Fred C. Lam, ; Ekkehard M. Kasper, ; Fateme Salehi,
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11
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Fukushima H, Turkbey B, Pinto PA, Furusawa A, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H. Near-Infrared Photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) in Urologic Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2996. [PMID: 35740662 PMCID: PMC9221010 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a novel molecularly-targeted therapy that selectively kills cancer cells by systemically injecting an antibody-photoabsorber conjugate (APC) that binds to cancer cells, followed by the application of NIR light that drives photochemical transformations of the APC. APCs are synthesized by selecting a monoclonal antibody that binds to a receptor on a cancer cell and conjugating it to IRDye700DX silica-phthalocyanine dye. Approximately 24 h after APC administration, NIR light is delivered to the tumor, resulting in nearly-immediate necrotic cell death of cancer cells while causing no harm to normal tissues. In addition, NIR-PIT induces a strong immunologic effect, activating anti-cancer immunity that can be further boosted when combined with either immune checkpoint inhibitors or immune suppressive cell-targeted (e.g., regulatory T cells) NIR-PIT. Currently, a global phase III study of NIR-PIT in recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is ongoing. The first APC and NIR laser systems were approved for clinical use in September 2020 in Japan. In the near future, the clinical applications of NIR-PIT will expand to other cancers, including urologic cancers. In this review, we provide an overview of NIR-PIT and its possible applications in urologic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Fukushima
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (H.F.); (B.T.); (A.F.); (P.L.C.)
| | - Baris Turkbey
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (H.F.); (B.T.); (A.F.); (P.L.C.)
| | - Peter A. Pinto
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Aki Furusawa
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (H.F.); (B.T.); (A.F.); (P.L.C.)
| | - Peter L. Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (H.F.); (B.T.); (A.F.); (P.L.C.)
| | - Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (H.F.); (B.T.); (A.F.); (P.L.C.)
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12
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Celecoxib-Induced Modulation of Colon Cancer CD133 Expression Occurs through AKT Inhibition and Is Monitored by 89Zr Immuno-PET. Mol Imaging 2022; 2022:4906934. [PMID: 35115900 PMCID: PMC8791662 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4906934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed an immuno-PET technique that monitors modulation of tumor CD133 expression, which is required for the success of CD133-targeted therapies. Methods. Anti-CD133 antibodies were subjected to sulfhydryl moiety-specific 89Zr conjugation. 89Zr-CD133 IgG was evaluated for specific activity and radiolabel stability. Colon cancer cells underwent binding assays and Western blotting. Biodistribution and PET studies were performed in mice. Results. 89Zr-CD133 IgG showed excellent target specificity with 97.2 ± 0.7% blocking of HT29 cell binding by an excess antibody. Intravenous 89Zr-CD133 IgG followed biexponential blood clearance and showed CD133-specific uptake in HT29 tumors. 89Zr-CD133 IgG PET/CT and biodistribution studies confirmed high HT29 tumor uptake with lower activities in the blood and normal organs. In HT29 cells, celecoxib dose-dependently decreased CD133 expression and 89Zr-CD133 IgG binding that reached 19.9 ± 2.1% (P < 0.005) and 50.3 ± 10.9% (P < 0.001) of baseline levels by 50 μM, respectively. Celecoxib treatment of mice significantly suppressed tumor CD133 expression to 67.5 ± 7.8% of controls (P < 0.005) and reduced tumor 89Zr-CD133 IgG uptake from 15.5 ± 1.4% at baseline to 12.3 ± 2.0%ID/g (P < 0.01). Celecoxib-induced CD133 reduction in HT29 cells and tumors was associated with substantial suppression of AKT activation. There were also reduced HIF-1α accumulation and IκBα/NFκB phosphorylation. Conclusion. 89Zr-CD133 IgG PET provides high-contrast tumor imaging and monitors celecoxib treatment-induced modulation of tumor CD133 expression, which was found to occur through AKT inhibition. This technique may thus be useful for screening drugs that can effectively suppress colon cancer stem cells.
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Cai Q, Li Z, Li B, Jiang J, Li X, Meng W, Zhu S. Precise Diagnosis and Therapy of Bone Cancer Using Near-Infrared Lights. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:771153. [PMID: 34869286 PMCID: PMC8636834 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.771153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a preferred site for both primary and metastasis tumors. Current diagnosis of osteopathia typically relies on noninvasive skeleton radiography technology. However, due to the limited resolution of ionizing radiation, accurate diagnosis and effective identification impairment areas are still lacking. Near-infrared (NIR) bioimaging, especially in the NIR-II (1000-1700 nm) regions, can provide high sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution bioimaging compared to the conventional radiography. Thus, NIR bioimaging affords intraoperative visualization and imaging-guided surgery, aiming to overcome challenges associated with theranostics of osteopathia and bone tumors. The present review aimed to summarize the latest evidence on the use of NIR probes for the targeting bone imaging. We further highlight the recent advances in bone photoX (X presents thermal, dynamic, and immuno) therapy through NIR probes, in particular combination with other customized therapeutic agents could provide high-efficiency treatment for bone tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Cai
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zuntai Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Baosheng Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiayang Jiang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weiyan Meng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shoujun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Russo I, Fagotto L, Colombo A, Sartor E, Luisetto R, Alaibac M. Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy for the treatment of skin disorders. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2021; 22:509-517. [PMID: 34860146 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2022.2012147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Near-Infrared Photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a novel molecularly targeted phototherapy. This technique is based on a conjugate of a near-infrared photo-inducible molecule (antibody-photon absorber conjugate, APC) and a monoclonal antibody that targets a tumor-specific antigen. To date, this novel approach has been successfully applied to several types of cancer. AREAS COVERED The authors discuss the possible use of NIR-PIT for the management of skin diseases, with special attention given to squamous cell carcinomas, advanced melanomas, and primary cutaneous lymphomas. EXPERT OPINION NIR-PIT may be an attractive strategy for the treatment of skin disorders. The main advantage of NIR-PIT therapy is its low toxicity to healthy tissues. Cutaneous lymphocyte antigen is a potential molecular target for NIR-PIT for both cutaneous T-cell lymphomas and inflammatory skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Russo
- Unit of Dermatology, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Fagotto
- Unit of Dermatology, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Colombo
- Unit of Dermatology, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Emma Sartor
- Unit of Dermatology, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Luisetto
- DISCOG-Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mauro Alaibac
- Unit of Dermatology, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
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15
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Abadi B, Yazdanpanah N, Nokhodchi A, Rezaei N. Smart biomaterials to enhance the efficiency of immunotherapy in glioblastoma: State of the art and future perspectives. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:114035. [PMID: 34740765 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is considered as the most lethal tumor among CNS malignancies. Although immunotherapy has achieved remarkable advances in cancer treatment, it has not shown satisfactory results in GBM patients. Biomaterial science, along with nanobiotechnology, is able to optimize the efficiency of immunotherapy in these patients. They can be employed to provide the specific activation of immune cells in tumor tissue and combinational therapy as well as preventing systemic adverse effects resulting from hyperactivation of immune responses and off-targeting effect. Advance biomaterials in this field are classified into targeting nanocarriers and localized delivery systems. This review will offer an overview of immunotherapy strategies for glioblastoma and advance delivery systems for immunotherapeutics that may have a high potential in glioblastoma treatment.
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16
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Liu Y, Yao X, Wang C, Wang M, Wang Y, Ye M, Liu Y. Peptide-based 68Ga-PET radiotracer for imaging CD133 expression in colorectal cancer. Nucl Med Commun 2021; 42:1144-1150. [PMID: 33958535 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE CD133 is a demonstrated cancer stem cell marker. A small peptide LS7, screened by a phage display technique, was identified to specifically target CD133. The purpose of this study was to develop a novel and specific peptide-based PET imaging agent for CD133 imaging in colorectal cancer. METHODS The peptide LS7 was conjugated with 1,4,7,20-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) and radiolabeled with 68Ga. The cellular uptake was assessed in vitro. In vivo small-animal PET/CT and ex vivo biodistribution evaluations were performed in mice bearing CD133-positive HCT116 and Lovo cell-derived tumors as well as CD133-negative DLD1 cell-derived tumors. Nonspecific uptake of the tracer in HCT116 cell-derived tumor cells and tumor models was determined by coincubation or coinjection with an excess of unlabeled DOTA-LS7 along with radiolabeled tracers. RESULTS 68Ga-DOTA-LS7 was produced with 80.0% yield and the radiochemical purity was greater than 95.0%. In vitro, 68Ga-DOTA-LS7 was selectively taken up by HCT116 and Lovo cells but not by DLD1 cells. Small-animal PET/CT clearly revealed deposition of 68Ga-DOTA-LS7 in HCT116 and Lovo cell-derived tumors with excellent contrast. Biodistribution demonstrated that the tumor uptakes were 2.24 ± 0.16, 1.76 ± 0.42, and 0.69 ± 0.28% ID/g in HCT116, Lovo and DLD1 cell-derived tumors, respectively, at 90 min post-injection. Uptake of 68Ga-DOTA-LS7 in HCT116 tumors was significantly inhibited by coinjection of excess DOTA-LS7. CONCLUSION Rapid tumor CD133 detection and selectivity were demonstrated in vitro and in vivo with PET using the specific CD133 binding peptide 68Ga-DOTA-LS7. A robust correlation was detected in vivo between tumor signals from mouse xenograft models with different cell lines and CD133 expression. The favorable characteristics of 68Ga-DOTA-LS7, such as convenient synthesis and specific uptake, warrant its further investigation for CD133 expression imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaobo Yao
- Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Auhui, China
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17
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Wakiyama H, Kato T, Furusawa A, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H. Near infrared photoimmunotherapy of cancer; possible clinical applications. NANOPHOTONICS 2021; 10:3135-3151. [PMID: 36405499 PMCID: PMC9646249 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2021-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a new cancer treatment that uses an antibody-photo-absorber conjugate (APC) composed of a targeting monoclonal antibody conjugated with a photoactivatable phthalocyanine-derivative dye, IRDye700DX (IR700). APCs injected into the body can bind to cancer cells where they are activated by local exposure to NIR light typically delivered by a NIR laser. NIR light alters the APC chemical conformation inducing damage to cancer cell membranes, resulting in necrotic cell death within minutes of light exposure. NIR-PIT selectivity kills cancer cells by immunogenic cell death (ICD) with minimal damage to adjacent normal cells thus, leading to rapid recovery by the patient. Moreover, since NIR-PIT induces ICD only on cancer cells, NIR-PIT initiates and activates antitumor host immunity that could be further enhanced when combined with immune checkpoint inhibition. NIR-PIT induces dramatic changes in the tumor vascularity causing the super-enhanced permeability and retention (SUPR) effect that dramatically enhances nanodrug delivery to the tumor bed. Currently, a worldwide Phase 3 study of NIR-PIT for recurrent or inoperable head and neck cancer patients is underway. In September 2020, the first APC and accompanying laser system were conditionally approved for clinical use in Japan. In this review, we introduce NIR-PIT and the SUPR effect and summarize possible applications of NIR-PIT in a variety of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Wakiyama
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Takuya Kato
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Aki Furusawa
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Peter L. Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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18
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Maruoka Y, Wakiyama H, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H. Near infrared photoimmunotherapy for cancers: A translational perspective. EBioMedicine 2021; 70:103501. [PMID: 34332294 PMCID: PMC8340111 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a newly-developed, highly-selective cancer treatment, which utilizes a monoclonal antibody conjugated to a photoabsorbing dye, IRDye700DX (IR700). The antibody conjugate is injected into the patient and accumulates in the tumour. Within 24 h of injection the tumour is exposed to NIR light which activates the conjugate and causes rapid, selective cancer cell death. A global phase III clinical trial of NIR-PIT in recurrent head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) patients is currently underway. Conditional clinical approval for NIR-PIT in recurrent HNSCC has been granted in Japan as of September 2020. Not only does NIR-PIT induce highly selective and immediate cancer cell killing, but it also stimulates highly active anti-tumour immunity. While monotherapy with NIR-PIT has proven effective it is likely that combinations with immune-checkpoint inhibitors or additional NIR-PIT targeting immune suppressive cells in the tumour microenvironment will further improve results. In this review, we discuss the translational aspects of NIR-PIT especially in HNSCC, and potential future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Maruoka
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Departments of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Wakiyama
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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19
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Sioud M, Juzenas P, Zhang Q, Kleinauskas A, Peng Q. Evaluation of In Vitro Phototoxicity of a Minibody-IR700 Conjugate Using Cell Monolayer and Multicellular Tumor Spheroid Models. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133356. [PMID: 34283089 PMCID: PMC8269338 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment strategy that utilizes photosensitizers (PSs) and light of a specific wavelength to kill cancer cells. However, limited tumor specificity is still a drawback for the clinical application of PDT. To increase the therapeutic efficacy and specificity of PDT, a novel human minibody (MS5) that recognizes a cell surface receptor expressed on various cancer cells was labeled with the hydrophilic phthalocyanine PS IR700 to generate an MS5-IR700 conjugate that is activated by near-infrared (NIR) light. The phototoxicity of the conjugate was mainly tested against the PC3 prostate cancer cell line. The MS5-IR700 conjugate killed PC3 cells after NIR light irradiation as compared to untreated cells or cells treated with IR700 alone. Time-course analysis of cell viability revealed a high percentage of cell death during the first hour in PC3 cells exposed to the MS5-IR700 conjugate and NIR light irradiation. After irradiation, the MS5-IR700 conjugate-treated PC3 cells displayed cellular swelling, round shape, and rupture of the cell and nuclear membranes. In a co-culture model, the MS5-IR700 conjugate killed MS5-positive Ramos lymphoma cells specifically, while leaving MS5-negative cells unaffected. In line with the data obtained with the monolayer cultures, the MS5-IR700 conjugate also killed PC3 cancer cell spheroids. The treatment induced relocation of heat shock protein 70 and calreticulin to the cell surface, implying the induction of immunogenic cell death. Overall, the data suggest that the developed MS5-IR700 conjugate is a promising therapeutic agent that warrants further preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouldy Sioud
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Cancer Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Ullernchausseen 70, 0379 Oslo, Norway;
- Correspondence:
| | - Petras Juzenas
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Ullernchausseen 70, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (P.J.); (A.K.); (Q.P.)
| | - Qindong Zhang
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Cancer Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Ullernchausseen 70, 0379 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Andrius Kleinauskas
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Ullernchausseen 70, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (P.J.); (A.K.); (Q.P.)
| | - Qian Peng
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Ullernchausseen 70, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (P.J.); (A.K.); (Q.P.)
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20
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Ma Y, Yang Z, Huntoon K, Jiang W, Kim BYS. Advanced Immunotherapy Approaches for Glioblastoma. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Zhaogang Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX 75235 USA
| | - Kristin Huntoon
- Department of Neurosurgery The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX 75235 USA
- Department of Bioengineering University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX 75390 USA
| | - Betty Y. S. Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX 77030 USA
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21
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Wang X, Luo D, Basilion JP. Photodynamic Therapy: Targeting Cancer Biomarkers for the Treatment of Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122992. [PMID: 34203805 PMCID: PMC8232794 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive treatment option that can kill cancerous cells by subjecting them to light irradiation at a specific wavelength. The main problem related to most photosensitizers is the lack of tumor selectivity, which leads to undesired uptake in normal tissues resulting in side effects. Passive targeting and active targeting are the two strategies to improve uptake in tumor tissues. This review focused on active targeting and summarizes recent active targeting approaches in which highly potent photosensitizers are rendered tumor-specific by means of an appended targeting moiety that interacts with a protein unique to, or at least significantly more abundant on, tumor cell surfaces compared to normal cells. Abstract Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a well-documented therapy that has emerged as an effective treatment modality of cancers. PDT utilizes harmless light to activate non- or minimally toxic photosensitizers to generate cytotoxic species for malignant cell eradication. Compared with conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy, PDT is appealing by virtue of the minimal invasiveness, its safety, as well as its selectivity, and the fact that it can induce an immune response. Although local illumination of the cancer lesions renders intrinsic selectivity of PDT, most photosensitizers used in PDT do not display significant tumor tissue selectivity. There is a need for targeted delivery of photosensitizers. The molecular identification of cancer antigens has opened new possibilities for the development of effective targeted therapy for cancer patients. This review provides a brief overview of recent achievements of targeted delivery of photosensitizers to cancer cells by targeting well-established cancer biomarkers. Overall, targeted PDT offers enhanced intracellular accumulation of the photosensitizer, leading to improved PDT efficacy and reduced toxicity to normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinning Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Wearn Building B-49, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (J.P.B.); Tel.: +216-844-4848 (X.W.); +216-983-3246 (J.P.B.); Fax: +216-844-4987 (X.W. & J.P.B.)
| | - Dong Luo
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Wearn Building B-44, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - James P. Basilion
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Wearn Building B-49, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Wearn Building B-44, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (J.P.B.); Tel.: +216-844-4848 (X.W.); +216-983-3246 (J.P.B.); Fax: +216-844-4987 (X.W. & J.P.B.)
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22
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Kato T, Wakiyama H, Furusawa A, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H. Near Infrared Photoimmunotherapy; A Review of Targets for Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112535. [PMID: 34064074 PMCID: PMC8196790 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a newly developed cancer treatment that uses an antibody-photoabsorber (IRDye700DX) conjugate (APC) that is activated by NIR light irradiation. A major benefit of NIR-PIT is that only APC-bound cancer cells that are exposed to NIR light are killed by NIR-PIT; thus, minimal damage occurs in adjacent normal cells. NIR-PIT has now been applied to many cancers expressing various cell-surface target proteins using monoclonal antibodies designed to bind to them. Moreover, NIR-PIT is not limited to tumor antigens but can also be used to kill specific host cells that create immune-permissive environments in which tumors grow. Moreover, multiple targets can be treated simultaneously with NIR-PIT using a cocktail of APCs. NIR-PIT has great potential to treat a wide variety of cancers by targeting appropriate tumor cells, immune cells, or both, and can be augmented by other immunotherapies. Abstract Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a newly developed cancer treatment that uses an antibody-photoabsorber (IRDye700DX) conjugate (APC) that is activated by NIR light irradiation. In September 2020, the first APC and laser system were conditionally approved for clinical use in Japan. A major benefit of NIR-PIT is that only APC-bound cancer cells that are exposed to NIR light are killed by NIR-PIT; thus, minimal damage occurs in adjacent normal cells. These early trials have demonstrated that in addition to direct cell killing, there is a significant therapeutic host immune response that greatly contributes to the success of the therapy. Although the first clinical use of NIR-PIT targeted epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), many other targets are suitable for NIR-PIT. NIR-PIT has now been applied to many cancers expressing various cell-surface target proteins using monoclonal antibodies designed to bind to them. Moreover, NIR-PIT is not limited to tumor antigens but can also be used to kill specific host cells that create immune-permissive environments in which tumors grow. Moreover, multiple targets can be treated simultaneously with NIR-PIT using a cocktail of APCs. NIR-PIT can be used in combination with other therapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, to enhance the therapeutic effect. Thus, NIR-PIT has great potential to treat a wide variety of cancers by targeting appropriate tumor cells, immune cells, or both, and can be augmented by other immunotherapies.
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23
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Paraboschi I, Turnock S, Kramer-Marek G, Musleh L, Barisa M, Anderson J, Giuliani S. Near-InfraRed PhotoImmunoTherapy (NIR-PIT) for the local control of solid cancers: Challenges and potentials for human applications. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 161:103325. [PMID: 33836238 PMCID: PMC8177002 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Near-InfraRed PhotoImmunoTherapy (NIR-PIT) is a novel cancer-targeted treatment effected by a chemical conjugation between a photosensitiser (e.g. the NIR phthalocyanine dye IRDye700DX) and a cancer-targeting moiety (e.g. a monoclonal antibody, moAb). Delivery of a conjugate in vivo leads to accumulation at the tumour cell surface by binding to cell surface receptors or antigens. Upon deployment of focal NIR-light, irradiation of the conjugate results in a rapid, targeted cell death. However, the mechanisms of action to produce the cytotoxic effects have yet to be fully understood. Herein, we bring together the current knowledge of NIR-PIT from preclinical and clinical studies in a variety of cancers highlighting the key unanswered research questions. Furthermore, we discuss how to enhance the local control of solid cancers using this novel treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Paraboschi
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional & Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen Turnock
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Layla Musleh
- Department of Specialist Neonatal and Pediatric Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Marta Barisa
- Cancer Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - John Anderson
- Cancer Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Oncology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, UK
| | - Stefano Giuliani
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional & Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, UK; Department of Specialist Neonatal and Pediatric Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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Piper K, DePledge L, Karsy M, Cobbs C. Glioma Stem Cells as Immunotherapeutic Targets: Advancements and Challenges. Front Oncol 2021; 11:615704. [PMID: 33718170 PMCID: PMC7945033 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.615704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and lethal primary brain malignancy. Despite major investments in research into glioblastoma biology and drug development, treatment remains limited and survival has not substantially improved beyond 1-2 years. Cancer stem cells (CSC) or glioma stem cells (GSC) refer to a population of tumor originating cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation. While controversial and challenging to study, evidence suggests that GCSs may result in glioblastoma tumor recurrence and resistance to treatment. Multiple treatment strategies have been suggested at targeting GCSs, including immunotherapy, posttranscriptional regulation, modulation of the tumor microenvironment, and epigenetic modulation. In this review, we discuss recent advances in glioblastoma treatment specifically focused on targeting of GCSs as well as their potential integration into current clinical pathways and trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keenan Piper
- Ben & Catherine Ivy Center for Advanced Brain Tumor Treatment, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lisa DePledge
- Ben & Catherine Ivy Center for Advanced Brain Tumor Treatment, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,University of Washington School of Medicine, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Michael Karsy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Charles Cobbs
- Ben & Catherine Ivy Center for Advanced Brain Tumor Treatment, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
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25
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Kobayashi H, Furusawa A, Rosenberg A, Choyke PL. Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy of cancer: a new approach that kills cancer cells and enhances anti-cancer host immunity. Int Immunol 2021; 33:7-15. [PMID: 32496557 PMCID: PMC7771006 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxaa037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a recently developed hybrid cancer therapy that directly kills cancer cells as well as producing a therapeutic host immune response. Conventional immunotherapies, such as immune-activating cytokine therapy, checkpoint inhibition, engineered T cells and suppressor cell depletion, do not directly destroy cancer cells, but rely exclusively on activating the immune system. NIR-PIT selectively destroys cancer cells, leading to immunogenic cell death that initiates local immune reactions to released cancer antigens from dying cancer cells. These are characterized by rapid maturation of dendritic cells and priming of multi-clonal cancer-specific cytotoxic T cells that kill cells that escaped the initial direct effects of NIR-PIT. The NIR-PIT can be applied to a wide variety of cancers either as monotherapy or in combination with conventional immune therapies to further activate anti-cancer immunity. A global Phase 3 clinical trial (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03769506) of NIR-PIT targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in patients with recurrent head and neck cancer is underway, employing RM1929/ASP1929, a conjugate of anti-EGFR antibody (cetuximab) plus the photo-absorber IRDye700DX (IR700). NIR-PIT has been given fast-track recognition by regulators in the USA and Japan. A variety of imaging methods, including direct IR700 fluorescence imaging, can be used to monitor NIR-PIT. As experience with NIR-PIT grows, additional antibodies will be employed to target additional antigens on other cancers or to target immune-suppressor cells to enhance host immunity. NIR-PIT will be particularly important in patients with localized and locally advanced cancers and may help such patients avoid side-effects associated with surgery, radiation and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aki Furusawa
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adrian Rosenberg
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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26
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Bozzato E, Bastiancich C, Préat V. Nanomedicine: A Useful Tool against Glioma Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010009. [PMID: 33375034 PMCID: PMC7792799 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The standard of care therapy of glioblastoma (GBM) includes invasive surgical resection, followed by radiotherapy and concomitant chemotherapy. However, this therapy has limited success, and the prognosis for GBM patients is very poor. Although many factors may contribute to the failure of current treatments, one of the main causes of GBM recurrences are glioma stem cells (GSCs). This review focuses on nanomedicine strategies that have been developed to eliminate GSCs and the benefits that they have brought to the fight against cancer. The first section describes the characteristics of GSCs and the chemotherapeutic strategies that have been used to selectively kill them. The second section outlines the nano-based delivery systems that have been developed to act against GSCs by dividing them into nontargeted and targeted nanocarriers. We also highlight the advantages of nanomedicine compared to conventional chemotherapy and examine the different targeting strategies that have been employed. The results achieved thus far are encouraging for the pursuit of effective strategies for the eradication of GSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Bozzato
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Chiara Bastiancich
- Institute Neurophysiopathol, INP, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France;
| | - Véronique Préat
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
- Correspondence:
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Li D, Patel CB, Xu G, Iagaru A, Zhu Z, Zhang L, Cheng Z. Visualization of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets in Glioma With Molecular Imaging. Front Immunol 2020; 11:592389. [PMID: 33193439 PMCID: PMC7662122 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.592389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas, particularly high-grade gliomas including glioblastoma (GBM), represent the most common and malignant types of primary brain cancer in adults, and carry a poor prognosis. GBM has been classified into distinct subgroups over the years based on cellular morphology, clinical characteristics, biomarkers, and neuroimaging findings. Based on these classifications, differences in therapeutic response and patient outcomes have been established. Recently, the identification of complex molecular signatures of GBM has led to the development of diverse targeted therapeutic regimens and translation into multiple clinical trials. Chemical-, peptide-, antibody-, and nanoparticle-based probes have been designed to target specific molecules in gliomas and then be visualized with multimodality molecular imaging (MI) techniques including positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF), bioluminescence imaging (BLI), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Thus, multiple molecules of interest can now be noninvasively imaged to guide targeted therapies with a potential survival benefit. Here, we review developments in molecular-targeted diagnosis and therapy in glioma, MI of these targets, and MI monitoring of treatment response, with a focus on the biological mechanisms of these advanced molecular probes. MI probes have the potential to noninvasively demonstrate the pathophysiologic features of glioma for diagnostic, treatment, and response assessment considerations for various targeted therapies, including immunotherapy. However, most MI tracers are in preclinical development, with only integrin αVβ3 and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant MI tracers having been translated to patients. Expanded international collaborations would accelerate translational research in the field of glioma MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deling Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (NCRC-ND), Beijing, China
| | - Chirag B Patel
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Guofan Xu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Andrei Iagaru
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Zhaohui Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (NCRC-ND), Beijing, China.,Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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Gierlich P, Mata AI, Donohoe C, Brito RMM, Senge MO, Gomes-da-Silva LC. Ligand-Targeted Delivery of Photosensitizers for Cancer Treatment. Molecules 2020; 25:E5317. [PMID: 33202648 PMCID: PMC7698280 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising cancer treatment which involves a photosensitizer (PS), light at a specific wavelength for PS activation and oxygen, which combine to elicit cell death. While the illumination required to activate a PS imparts a certain amount of selectivity to PDT treatments, poor tumor accumulation and cell internalization are still inherent properties of most intravenously administered PSs. As a result, common consequences of PDT include skin photosensitivity. To overcome the mentioned issues, PSs may be tailored to specifically target overexpressed biomarkers of tumors. This active targeting can be achieved by direct conjugation of the PS to a ligand with enhanced affinity for a target overexpressed on cancer cells and/or other cells of the tumor microenvironment. Alternatively, PSs may be incorporated into ligand-targeted nanocarriers, which may also encompass multi-functionalities, including diagnosis and therapy. In this review, we highlight the major advances in active targeting of PSs, either by means of ligand-derived bioconjugates or by exploiting ligand-targeting nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Gierlich
- CQC, Coimbra Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3000-435 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.G.); (A.I.M.); (C.D.); (R.M.M.B.)
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St. James’s Hospital, D08W9RT Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Ana I. Mata
- CQC, Coimbra Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3000-435 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.G.); (A.I.M.); (C.D.); (R.M.M.B.)
| | - Claire Donohoe
- CQC, Coimbra Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3000-435 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.G.); (A.I.M.); (C.D.); (R.M.M.B.)
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St. James’s Hospital, D08W9RT Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Rui M. M. Brito
- CQC, Coimbra Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3000-435 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.G.); (A.I.M.); (C.D.); (R.M.M.B.)
- BSIM Therapeutics, Instituto Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St. James’s Hospital, D08W9RT Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Lígia C. Gomes-da-Silva
- CQC, Coimbra Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3000-435 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.G.); (A.I.M.); (C.D.); (R.M.M.B.)
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Polikarpov DM, Campbell DH, Lund ME, Lu Y, Lu Y, Wu J, Walsh BJ, Zvyagin AV, Gillatt DA. The feasibility of Miltuximab®-IRDye700DX-mediated photoimmunotherapy of solid tumors. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 32:102064. [PMID: 33069874 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) is an emerging method of cancer treatment based on the use of a photosensitizer near-infrared dye IRDye700DX (IR700) conjugated to a monoclonal antibody. The antibody selectively delivers IR700 to cancer cells, which can then be killed after photoexcitation. Glypican-1 (GPC-1) is a novel target expressed specifically in malignant tumors. We aimed to investigate whether anti-GPC-1 antibody Miltuximab® (Glytherix Ltd., Sydney, Australia) can be conjugated with IR700 for PIT of solid tumors. METHODS The dye IR700 was conjugated with Miltuximab® and characterized by spectrophotometry and flow cytometry. Miltuximab®-IR700-mediated PIT was tested in prostate (DU-145), bladder (C3 and T-24), brain (U-87 and U-251) and ovarian (SKOV-3) cancer cell lines. After 1 h incubation with Miltuximab®-IR700, the cells were washed by PBS and illuminated using a 690-nm light-emitting diode. The viability of the cells was assessed by a CCK-8 viability kit 24 h later. RESULTS Miltuximab®-IR700-mediated PIT caused 67.3-92.3% reduction in viability of cells with medium-high GPC-1 expression and did not affect the viability of GPC-1-low cells. Cytotoxicity was attributed to the targeted binding of the conjugate with subsequent photoactivation, as the conjugate or light exposure alone had no effect on the cell viability. Miltuximab®-IR700 did not induce cytotoxicity in cells blocked by unconjugated Miltuximab®. CONCLUSIONS PIT with Miltuximab®-IR700 appears to be highly specific and effective against GPC-1-expressing cancer cells, indicating that it holds promise for an effective and safe treatment of early stage solid tumors or as adjuvant therapy following surgical resection. These findings necessitate further investigation of PIT with Miltuximab®-IR700 in other GPC-1-expressing cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo in xenograft tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry M Polikarpov
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | | | | | - Yanling Lu
- Glytherix Ltd., Sydney, NSW, 2113, Australia
| | - Yiqing Lu
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Jiehua Wu
- Glytherix Ltd., Sydney, NSW, 2113, Australia
| | | | - Andrei V Zvyagin
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
| | - David A Gillatt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
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30
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Lum YL, Luk JM, Staunton DE, Ng DKP, Fong WP. Cadherin-17 Targeted Near-Infrared Photoimmunotherapy for Treatment of Gastrointestinal Cancer. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:3941-3951. [PMID: 32931292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT), a photosensitizer taken up by cancer cells can generate reactive oxygen species upon near-infrared light activation to induce cancer cell death. To increase PDT potency and decrease its adverse effect, one approach is to conjugate the photosensitizer with an antibody that specifically targets cancer cells. In the present study, IR700, a hydrophilic phthalocyanine photosensitizer, was conjugated to the humanized monoclonal antibody ARB102, which binds specifically cadherin-17 (CDH17 aka CA17), a cell surface marker highly expressed in gastrointestinal cancer to produce ARB102-IR700. Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) of gastrointestinal cancer cell lines was conducted by ARB102-IR700 treatment and near-infrared light irradiation. The results showed that ARB102-IR700 PIT could induce cell death in CDH17-positive cancer cells with high potency. In a co-culture model, CDH17-negative and CDH17-overexpressing SW480 cells were labeled with distinct fluorescent dyes and cultured together prior to PIT treatment. The results confirmed that ARB102-IR700 PIT could kill CDH17-positive cells specifically, while leaving the adjacent CDH17-negative cells unaffected. An in vivo efficacy study was conducted using a pancreatic adenocarcinoma AsPC-1 xenograft tumor model in nude mice. Fluorescence scanning indicated that ARB102-IR700 accumulated specifically in the tumor sites. To perform PIT, at 24 and 48 h postinjection, mice were irradiated with a 680 nm laser at the tumor site to activate the photosensitizer. It was shown that ARB102-IR700 PIT could inhibit tumor growth significantly. In summary, this study demonstrated that the novel ARB102-IR700 is a promising agent for PIT in gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yick-Liang Lum
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - John M Luk
- Arbele Limited, Shatin N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Dennis K P Ng
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-Ping Fong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
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31
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Huang T, Song X, Xu D, Tiek D, Goenka A, Wu B, Sastry N, Hu B, Cheng SY. Stem cell programs in cancer initiation, progression, and therapy resistance. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:8721-8743. [PMID: 32754274 PMCID: PMC7392012 DOI: 10.7150/thno.41648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, substantial evidence has convincingly revealed the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) as a minor subpopulation in cancers, contributing to an aberrantly high degree of cellular heterogeneity within the tumor. CSCs are functionally defined by their abilities of self-renewal and differentiation, often in response to cues from their microenvironment. Biological phenotypes of CSCs are regulated by the integrated transcriptional, post-transcriptional, metabolic, and epigenetic regulatory networks. CSCs contribute to tumor progression, therapeutic resistance, and disease recurrence through their sustained proliferation, invasion into normal tissue, promotion of angiogenesis, evasion of the immune system, and resistance to conventional anticancer therapies. Therefore, elucidation of the molecular mechanisms that drive cancer stem cell maintenance, plasticity, and therapeutic resistance will enhance our ability to improve the effectiveness of targeted therapies for CSCs. In this review, we highlight the key features and mechanisms that regulate CSC function in tumor initiation, progression, and therapy resistance. We discuss factors for CSC therapeutic resistance, such as quiescence, induction of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and resistance to DNA damage-induced cell death. We evaluate therapeutic approaches for eliminating therapy-resistant CSC subpopulations, including anticancer drugs that target key CSC signaling pathways and cell surface markers, viral therapies, the awakening of quiescent CSCs, and immunotherapy. We also assess the impact of new technologies, such as single-cell sequencing and CRISPR-Cas9 screening, on the investigation of the biological properties of CSCs. Moreover, challenges remain to be addressed in the coming years, including experimental approaches for investigating CSCs and obstacles in therapeutic targeting of CSCs.
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32
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Yang F, Shi K, Jia YP, Hao Y, Peng JR, Qian ZY. Advanced biomaterials for cancer immunotherapy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:911-927. [PMID: 32123302 PMCID: PMC7468530 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0372-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy, as a powerful strategy for cancer treatment, has achieved tremendous efficacy in clinical trials. Despite these advancements, there is much to do in terms of enhancing therapeutic benefits and decreasing the side effects of cancer immunotherapy. Advanced nanobiomaterials, including liposomes, polymers, and silica, play a vital role in the codelivery of drugs and immunomodulators. These nanobiomaterial-based delivery systems could effectively promote antitumor immune responses and simultaneously reduce toxic adverse effects. Furthermore, nanobiomaterials may also combine with each other or with traditional drugs via different mechanisms, thus giving rise to more accurate and efficient tumor treatment. Here, an overview of the latest advancement in these nanobiomaterials used for cancer immunotherapy is given, describing outstanding systems, including lipid-based nanoparticles, polymer-based scaffolds or micelles, inorganic nanosystems, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yan-Peng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ying Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jin-Rong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Hanif S, Muhammad P, Chesworth R, Rehman FU, Qian RJ, Zheng M, Shi BY. Nanomedicine-based immunotherapy for central nervous system disorders. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:936-953. [PMID: 32467570 PMCID: PMC7468531 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0429-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders represent a broad spectrum of brain ailments with short- and long-term disabilities, and nanomedicine-based approaches provide a new therapeutic approach to treating CNS disorders. A variety of potential drugs have been discovered to treat several neuronal disorders; however, their therapeutic success can be limited by the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Furthermore, unique immune functions within the CNS provide novel target mechanisms for the amelioration of CNS diseases. Recently, various therapeutic approaches have been applied to fight brain-related disorders, with moderate outcomes. Among the various therapeutic strategies, nanomedicine-based immunotherapeutic systems represent a new era that can deliver useful cargo with promising pharmacokinetics. These approaches exploit the molecular and cellular targeting of CNS disorders for enhanced safety, efficacy, and specificity. In this review, we focus on the efficacy of nanomedicines that utilize immunotherapy to combat CNS disorders. Furthermore, we detailed summarize nanomedicine-based pathways for CNS ailments that aim to deliver drugs across the BBB by mimicking innate immune actions. Overview of how nanomedicines can utilize multiple immunotherapy pathways to combat CNS disorders. ![]()
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Kobayashi M, Harada M, Takakura H, Ando K, Goto Y, Tsuneda T, Ogawa M, Taketsugu T. Theoretical and Experimental Studies on the Near‐Infrared Photoreaction Mechanism of a Silicon Phthalocyanine Photoimmunotherapy Dye: Photoinduced Hydrolysis by Radical Anion Generation. Chempluschem 2020; 85:1959-1963. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Kobayashi
- Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
- WPI-ICReDD Hokkaido University Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
| | - Mei Harada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0812 Japan
| | - Hideo Takakura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0812 Japan
| | - Kanta Ando
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0812 Japan
| | - Yuto Goto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0812 Japan
| | - Takao Tsuneda
- Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
- Graduate School of Science Technology, and Innovation Kobe University Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Mikako Ogawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0812 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
- WPI-ICReDD Hokkaido University Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
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Arnold CR, Mangesius J, Skvortsova II, Ganswindt U. The Role of Cancer Stem Cells in Radiation Resistance. Front Oncol 2020; 10:164. [PMID: 32154167 PMCID: PMC7044409 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) are a distinct subpopulation within a tumor. They are able to self-renew and differentiate and possess a high capability to repair DNA damage, exhibit low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and proliferate slowly. These features render CSC resistant to various therapies, including radiation therapy (RT). Eradication of all CSC is a requirement for an effective antineoplastic treatment and is therefore of utmost importance for the patient. This makes CSC the prime targets for any therapeutic approach. Albeit clinical data is still scarce, experimental data and first clinical trials give hope that CSC-targeted treatment has the potential to improve antineoplastic therapies, especially for tumors that are known to be treatment resistant, such as glioblastoma. In this review, we will discuss CSC in the context of RT, describe known mechanisms of resistance, examine the possibilities of CSC as biomarkers, and discuss possible new treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Reinhold Arnold
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julian Mangesius
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ira-Ida Skvortsova
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,EXTRO-Lab, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ute Ganswindt
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Yang J, Shi Z, Liu R, Wu Y, Zhang X. Combined-therapeutic strategies synergistically potentiate glioblastoma multiforme treatment via nanotechnology. Theranostics 2020; 10:3223-3239. [PMID: 32194864 PMCID: PMC7053190 DOI: 10.7150/thno.40298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive and devastating brain tumor characterized by poor prognosis and high rates of recurrence. Numerous therapeutic strategies and delivery systems are developed to prolong the survival time. They exhibit enhanced therapeutic effects in animal models, whereas few of them is applied in clinical trials. Taking into account the drug-resistance and high recurrence of GBM, combined-therapeutic strategies are exploited to maximize therapeutic efficacy. The combined therapies demonstrate superior results than those of single therapies against GBM. The co-therapeutic agents, the timing of therapeutic strategies and the delivery systems greatly affect the overall outcomes. Herein, the current advances in combined therapies for glioblastoma via systemic administration are exhibited in this review. And we will discuss the pros and cons of these combined-therapeutic strategies via nanotechnology, and provide the guidance for developing rational delivery systems to optimize treatments against GBM and other malignancies in central nervous system.
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Misra R, Kandoi S, Varadaraj S, Vijayalakshmi S, Nanda A, Verma RS. Nanotheranostics: A tactic for cancer stem cells prognosis and management. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Šamec N, Zottel A, Videtič Paska A, Jovčevska I. Nanomedicine and Immunotherapy: A Step Further towards Precision Medicine for Glioblastoma. Molecules 2020; 25:E490. [PMID: 31979318 PMCID: PMC7038132 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the advancement of technology combined with our deeper knowledge of human nature and diseases, we are able to move towards precision medicine, where patients are treated at the individual level in concordance with their genetic profiles. Lately, the integration of nanoparticles in biotechnology and their applications in medicine has allowed us to diagnose and treat disease better and more precisely. As a model disease, we used a grade IV malignant brain tumor (glioblastoma). Significant improvements in diagnosis were achieved with the application of fluorescent nanoparticles for intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), allowing for improved tumor cell visibility and increasing the extent of the surgical resection, leading to better patient response. Fluorescent probes can be engineered to be activated through different molecular pathways, which will open the path to individualized glioblastoma diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment. Nanoparticles are also extensively studied as nanovehicles for targeted delivery and more controlled medication release, and some nanomedicines are already in early phases of clinical trials. Moreover, sampling biological fluids will give new insights into glioblastoma pathogenesis due to the presence of extracellular vesicles, circulating tumor cells, and circulating tumor DNA. As current glioblastoma therapy does not provide good quality of life for patients, other approaches such as immunotherapy are explored. To conclude, we reason that development of personalized therapies based on a patient's genetic signature combined with pharmacogenomics and immunogenomic information will significantly change the outcome of glioblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alja Videtič Paska
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (N.Š.); (A.Z.)
| | - Ivana Jovčevska
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (N.Š.); (A.Z.)
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Liu D, Hong Y, Li Y, Hu C, Yip TC, Yu WK, Zhu Y, Fong CC, Wang W, Au SK, Wang S, Yang M. Targeted destruction of cancer stem cells using multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles that enable combined hyperthermia and chemotherapy. Theranostics 2020; 10:1181-1196. [PMID: 31938059 PMCID: PMC6956796 DOI: 10.7150/thno.38989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been implicated in cancer recurrence and therapy resistance. Therefore, a CSC-targeted therapy that disrupts the maintenance and survival of CSCs may offer an effective approach in killing tumor cells in primary tumors and preventing the metastasis caused by CSCs. Nanoparticles (NPs)-based thermotherapy and/or chemotherapy are promising therapeutic methods for cancer treatment. Methods: A silica-based multifunctional NP system was present, which encapsulated a chemotherapeutic agent and magnetic cores and coated with a specific antibody against the lung CSCs. The efficacy of this novel therapeutic strategy was systematically studied both in vitro and in vivo by simultaneous activating the combined thermotherapy and chemotherapy via CSC-targeted NPs. Results: These NPs were systematically administered and activated for targeted chemotherapy and thermotherapy by using an externally applied alternating magnetic field (AMF). The antibody-modified NPs targeted to lung CSCs with enhanced cellular uptake in vitro and extended accumulation in tumor in vivo. Up to 98% of lung CSCs was killed in vitro with 30-min application of AMF, due to the combined effects of hyperthermia and chemotherapeutic drug treatment. In in vivo models, this combined therapy significantly suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in lung CSC xenograft-bearing mice, with minimal side effects and adverse effects. Conclusion: With good biocompatibility and targeting capability, the nanodrug delivery system may offer a promising clinical platform for the combined thermotherapy and chemotherapy. This work demonstrated the feasibility of developing multifunctional nanomedicine targeting CSCs for effective cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yingcai Hong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 510000, China
| | - Yaping Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Chong Hu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Tak-Chun Yip
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai-Kin Yu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Chi-Chun Fong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 510000, China
| | - Weimao Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siu-Kie Au
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shubin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Mengsu Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
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Qi S, Lu L, Zhou F, Chen Y, Xu M, Chen L, Yu X, Chen WR, Zhang Z. Neutrophil infiltration and whole-cell vaccine elicited by N-dihydrogalactochitosan combined with NIR phototherapy to enhance antitumor immune response and T cell immune memory. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:1814-1832. [PMID: 32042338 PMCID: PMC6993227 DOI: 10.7150/thno.38515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the deadliest malignancies with a high risk of relapse and metastasis. Long-term, tumor-specific, and systemic immunity induced by local intervention is ideal for personalized cancer therapy. Laser immunotherapy (LIT), a combination of local irradiation of laser and local administration of an immunostimulant, was developed to achieve such an immunity. Although LIT showed promising efficacy on tumors, its immunological mechanism is still not understood, especially its spatio-temporal dynamics. Methods: In this study, we investigated LIT-induced immunological responses using a 980-nm laser and a novel immunostimulant, N-dihydrogalactochitosan (GC). Then we followed the functions of key immune cells spatially and temporally using intravital imaging and immunological assays. Results: Immediately after LIT, GC induced a rapid infiltration of neutrophils which ingested most GC in tumors. The cytokines released to the serum peaked at 12 h after LIT. Laser irradiations produced photothermal effects to ablate the tumor, release damage-associated molecular patterns, and generate whole-cell tumor vaccines. LIT-treated tumor-bearing mice efficiently resisted the rechallenged tumor and prevented lung metastasis. Intravital imaging of tumor at rechallenging sites in LIT-treated mice revealed that the infiltration of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) increased with highly active motility. Half of TILs with arrest and confined movements indicated that they had long-time interactions with tumor cells. Furthermore, LIT has synergistic effect with checkpoint blockade to improve antitumor efficacy. Conclusion: Our research revealed the important role of LIT-induced neutrophil infiltration on the in situ whole-cell vaccine-elicited antitumor immune response and long-term T cell immune memory.
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Near-Infrared Photoimmunotherapy Using a Small Protein Mimetic for HER2-Overexpressing Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235835. [PMID: 31757056 PMCID: PMC6928895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a new and promising cancer therapy based on a monoclonal antibody conjugated to a photosensitizer which is activated by near-infrared light irradiation, causing cell death. We investigated NIR-PIT using a small protein mimetic (6-7 kDa), Affibody molecules, instead of a monoclonal antibody for HER2-overexpressing cancer. Because of its small size, the Affibody has rapid clearance, high imaging contrast, and good tumor penetration. Due to the small size of the Affibodies, which can cross the blood-brain barrier, NIR-PIT using Affibodies has the potential to extend the target cancer of NIR-PIT, including brain metastases. In vitro, NIR-PIT using HER2 Affibody-IR700Dye conjugates induced the selective destruction of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells without damage to control cells having low level expression of HER2. HER2-overexpressing cancer cells showed necrotic cell death and their viability maintained at low levels, even 5 days after NIR-PIT. In contrast, treatment with high concentration of HER2 Affibody-IR700Dye conjugate alone or irradiation with high dose of NIR light alone was without effect on cell viability. Affibody and IR700Dye are currently used clinically, and therefore, we would expect the current formulation to be safely and quickly transitioned into clinical trials.
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Metformin Suppresses Self-Renewal Ability and Tumorigenicity of Osteosarcoma Stem Cells via Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Apoptosis and Autophagy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9290728. [PMID: 31827709 PMCID: PMC6885828 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9290728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most frequently diagnosed primary malignant bone sarcoma in children and adolescents. Recent studies have shown that cancer stem cells (CSCs), a cluster of tumor cells with the ability to self-renew, play an essential role in tumor recurrence and metastasis. Thus, it is necessary to develop therapeutic strategies specifically targeting CSCs. Metformin, the first-line drug for type 2 diabetes, exhibits antineoplastic activities in various kinds of tumors. New evidence has suggested that metformin may target CSCs and prevent their recurrence. However, the underlying specific mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we found that metformin significantly suppressed the self-renewal ability of osteosarcoma stem cells (OSCs) and induced G0/G1 phase arrest by blocking the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases. Furthermore, metformin induced apoptosis through a mitochondria-dependent pathway, leading to the collapse of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Importantly, metformin acted directly on the mitochondria, which resulted in decreased ATP synthesis. This change allowed access to the downstream AMPK kinase, and the activation of AMPK led to the reversal of the mTOR pathway, triggering autophagy. Particularly, metformin-mediated autophagy disturbed the homeostasis of stemness and pluripotency in the OSCs. Additionally, our mouse xenograft model confirmed the potential therapeutic use of metformin in targeting OSCs. In conclusion, our findings suggest that metformin suppresses the self-renewal ability and tumorigenicity of OSCs via ROS-mediated apoptosis and autophagy.
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Nakamura YA, Okuyama S, Furusawa A, Nagaya T, Fujimura D, Okada R, Maruoka Y, Eclarinal PC, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H. Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy through bone. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:3689-3694. [PMID: 31553485 PMCID: PMC6890452 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Near‐infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR‐PIT) is a molecularly targeted cancer phototherapy that is based on injecting a conjugate of a silicon‐phthalocyanine derivative, IRdye 700DX (IR700), and a monoclonal antibody that targets an expressed antigen on the cancer cell surface. Subsequent local exposure to NIR light results in the rapid and highly selective immunogenic cell death of targeted cancer cells. Because many cancers grow in bones through which light does not penetrate well, the goal of this study was to determine if NIR‐PIT can effectively treat cancers in bone. A bovine rib was used as a bone sample. Because the sample’s NIR light transmittance was shown to be approximately 4.52% in preliminary tests, it was hypothesized that a maximum radiation dosage of 128 and 1500 J/cm2 would be sufficient to induce cell death in in vitro target cells and in vivo mouse tumor models, respectively. Cell viability was measured through bioluminescence studies comparing relative luciferase activity, as well as a cytotoxicity assay. In the in vitro model, tumor cell viability was significantly decreased after 64 and 128 J/cm2 NIR light irradiation through the bone. An in vivo mouse tumor model also showed that 1500 J/cm2 NIR light irradiation through the bone significantly reduced tumor viability at both 24 and 48 hours posttreatment compared to the control group (P = .026 and .040 respectively). Therefore, despite limitations in light transmission, NIR‐PIT nevertheless is capable of effectively treating cancers within bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu A Nakamura
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shuhei Okuyama
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aki Furusawa
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tadanobu Nagaya
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daiki Fujimura
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ryuhei Okada
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Maruoka
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Philip C Eclarinal
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Reda A, Hosseiny S, El-Sherbiny IM. Next-generation nanotheranostics targeting cancer stem cells. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:2487-2514. [PMID: 31490100 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is depicted as the most aggressive malignancy and is one the major causes of death worldwide. It originates from immortal tumor-initiating cells called 'cancer stem cells' (CSCs). This devastating subpopulation exhibit potent self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation characteristics. Dynamic DNA repair mechanisms can sustain the immortality phenotype of cancer to evade all treatment strategies. To date, current conventional chemo- and radio-therapeutic strategies adopted against cancer fail in tackling CSCs. However, new advances in nanotechnology have paved the way for creating next-generation nanotheranostics as multifunctional smart 'all-in-one' nanoparticles. These particles integrate diagnostic, therapeutic and targeting agents into one single biocompatible and biodegradable carrier, opening up new avenues for breakthroughs in early detection, diagnosis and treatment of cancer through efficient targeting of CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Reda
- Nanomedicine Division, Center for Materials Science, Zewail City of Science & Technology, 12578, Giza, Egypt.,Molecular & Cellular Biology division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Salma Hosseiny
- Nanomedicine Division, Center for Materials Science, Zewail City of Science & Technology, 12578, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim M El-Sherbiny
- Nanomedicine Division, Center for Materials Science, Zewail City of Science & Technology, 12578, Giza, Egypt
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Abstract
This Account is the first comprehensive review article on the newly developed, photochemistry-based cancer therapy near-infrared (NIR) photoimmunotherapy (PIT). NIR-PIT is a molecularly targeted phototherapy for cancer that is based on injecting a conjugate of a near-infrared, water-soluble, silicon-phthalocyanine derivative, IRdye700DX (IR700), and a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that targets an expressed antigen on the cancer cell surface. Subsequent local exposure to NIR light turns on this photochemical "death" switch, resulting in the rapid and highly selective immunogenic cell death (ICD) of targeted cancer cells. ICD occurs as early as 1 min after exposure to NIR light and results in irreversible morphologic changes only in target-expressing cells based on the newly discovered photoinduced ligand release reaction that induces physical changes on conjugated antibody/antigen complex resulting in functional damage on cell membrane. Meanwhile, immediately adjacent receptor-negative cells are totally unharmed. Because of its highly targeted nature, NIR-PIT carries few side effects and healing is rapid. Evaluation of the tumor microenvironment reveals that ICD induced by NIR-PIT results in rapid maturation of immature dendritic cells adjacent to dying cancer cells initiating a host anticancer immune response, resulting in repriming of polyclonal CD8+T cells against various released cancer antigens, which amplifies the therapeutic effect of NIR-PIT. NIR-PIT can target and treat virtually any cell surface antigens including cancer stem cell markers, that is, CD44 and CD133. A first-in-human phase 1/2 clinical trial of NIR-PIT using cetuximab-IR700 (RM1929) targeting EGFR in inoperable recurrent head and neck cancer patients successfully concluded in 2017 and led to "fast tracking" by the FDA and a phase 3 trial ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03769506 ) that is currently underway in 3 countries in Asia, US/Canada, and 4 countries in EU. The next step for NIR-PIT is to further exploit the immune response. Preclinical research in animals with intact immune systems has shown that NIT-PIT targeting of immunosuppressor cells within the tumor, such as regulatory T-cells, can further enhance tumor-cell-selective systemic host-immunity leading to significant responses in distant metastatic tumors, which are not treated with light. By combining cancer-targeting NIR-PIT and immune-activating NIR-PIT or other cancer immunotherapies, NIR-PIT of a local tumor, could lead to responses in distant metastases and may also inhibit recurrences due to activation of systemic anticancer immunity and long-term immune memory without the systemic autoimmune adverse effects often associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Furthermore, NIR-PIT also enhances nanodrug delivery into tumors up to 24-fold superior to untreated tumors with conventional EPR effects by intensively damaging cancer cells behind tumor vessels. We conclude by describing future advances in this novel photochemical cancer therapy that are likely to further enhance the efficacy of NIR-PIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room B3B69, MSC1088, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1088, United States
| | - Peter L. Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room B3B69, MSC1088, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1088, United States
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Logun MT, Wynens KE, Simchick G, Zhao W, Mao L, Zhao Q, Mukherjee S, Brat DJ, Karumbaiah L. Surfen-mediated blockade of extratumoral chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans inhibits glioblastoma invasion. FASEB J 2019; 33:11973-11992. [PMID: 31398290 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802610rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Invasive spread of glioblastoma (GBM) is linked to changes in chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycan (CSPG)-associated sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) that are selectively up-regulated in the tumor microenvironment (TME). We hypothesized that inhibiting CS-GAG signaling in the TME would stem GBM invasion. Rat F98 GBM cells demonstrated enhanced preferential cell invasion into oversulfated 3-dimensional composite of CS-A and CS-E [4- and 4,6-sulfated CS-GAG (COMP)] matrices compared with monosulfated (4-sulfated) and unsulfated hyaluronic acid matrices in microfluidics-based choice assays, which is likely influenced by differential GAG receptor binding specificities. Both F98 and human patient-derived glioma stem cells (GSCs) demonstrated a high degree of colocalization of the GSC marker CD133 and CSPGs. The small molecule sulfated GAG antagonist bis-2-methyl-4-amino-quinolyl-6-carbamide (surfen) reduced invasion and focal adhesions in F98 cells encapsulated in COMP matrices and blocked CD133 and antichondroitin sulfate antibody (CS-56) detection of respective antigens in F98 cells and human GSCs. Surfen-treated F98 cells down-regulated CSPG-binding receptor transcripts and protein, as well as total and activated ERK and protein kinase B. Lastly, rats induced with frontal lobe tumors and treated with a single intratumoral dose of surfen demonstrated reduced tumor burden and spread compared with untreated controls. These results present a first demonstration of surfen as an inhibitor of sulfated GAG signaling to stem GBM invasion.-Logun, M. T., Wynens, K. E., Simchick, G., Zhao, W., Mao, L., Zhao, Q., Mukherjee, S., Brat, D. J., Karumbaiah, L. Surfen-mediated blockade of extratumoral chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans inhibits glioblastoma invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan T Logun
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.,Division of Neuroscience, Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.,Edgar L. Rhodes Center for Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Kallie E Wynens
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Gregory Simchick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Wujun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Leidong Mao
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Qun Zhao
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Subhas Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel J Brat
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lohitash Karumbaiah
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.,Division of Neuroscience, Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.,Edgar L. Rhodes Center for Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Wei W, Jiang D, Ehlerding EB, Barnhart TE, Yang Y, Engle JW, Luo Q, Huang P, Cai W. CD146-Targeted Multimodal Image-Guided Photoimmunotherapy of Melanoma. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1801237. [PMID: 31065511 PMCID: PMC6498137 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
For melanoma resistant to molecularly targeted therapy and immunotherapy, new treatment strategies are urgently needed. A molecularly targeted theranostic pair may thus be of importance, where the diagnostic probe facilitates patient stratification and the therapeutic companion treats the selected cases. For this purpose, flow cytometry is used to assess the CD146 level in melanoma cells. Based on YY146, a CD146-specific monoclonal antibody, an imaging probe 89Zr-Df-YY146 is synthesized and its diagnostic performance is evaluated by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Furthermore, a photoimmunotherapy (PIT) agent IR700-YY146 is developed and the therapeutic effect of IR700-YY146 PIT is assessed comprehensively. CD146 is highly expressed in A375 and SK-MEL-5 cells. 89Zr-Df-YY146 PET readily detects CD146-positive A375 melanomas. Tumor accumulation of 89Zr-Df-YY146 peaks at 72 h with an uptake value of 26.48 ± 3.28%ID g-1, whereas the highest uptake of the nonspecific 89Zr-Df-IgG is 4.80 ± 1.75%ID g-1. More importantly, IR700-YY146 PIT effectively inhibits the growth of A375 tumors, owing to production of reactive oxygen species, decreased glucose metabolism, and reduced expression of CD146. To conclude, 89Zr-Df-YY146 and IR700-YY146 are a promising theranostic pair with the former revealing CD146 expression in melanoma as a PET probe and the latter specifically treating CD146-positive melanoma as an effective PIT agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital600 Yishan RoadShanghai200233China
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWI53705USA
| | - Dawei Jiang
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWI53705USA
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound ImagingCarson International Cancer CenterLaboratory of Evolutionary TheranosticsSchool of Biomedical EngineeringHealth Science CenterShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Emily B. Ehlerding
- Department of Medical PhysicsUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWI53705USA
| | - Todd E. Barnhart
- Department of Medical PhysicsUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWI53705USA
| | - Yunan Yang
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWI53705USA
| | - Jonathan W. Engle
- Department of Medical PhysicsUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWI53705USA
| | - Quan‐Yong Luo
- Department of Nuclear MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital600 Yishan RoadShanghai200233China
| | - Peng Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound ImagingCarson International Cancer CenterLaboratory of Evolutionary TheranosticsSchool of Biomedical EngineeringHealth Science CenterShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Weibo Cai
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWI53705USA
- Department of Medical PhysicsUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWI53705USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer CenterMadisonWI53705USA
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Peitzsch C, Kurth I, Ebert N, Dubrovska A, Baumann M. Cancer stem cells in radiation response: current views and future perspectives in radiation oncology. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:900-911. [PMID: 30897014 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1589023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Despite technological improvement and advances in biology-driven patient stratification, many patients still fail radiotherapy resulting in loco-regional and distant recurrence. Tumor heterogeneity remains a key challenge to effective cancer treatment, and reliable stratification of cancer patients for prediction of outcomes is highly important. Intratumoral heterogeneity is manifested at the different levels, including different tumorigenic properties of cancer cells. Since John Dick et al. isolated leukemia initiating cells in 1990, the populations of tumor initiating or cancer stem cells (CSCs) were identified and characterized also for a broad spectrum of solid tumor types. The properties of CSCs are of considerable clinical relevance: CSCs have self-renewal and tumor initiating potential, and the metastases are initiated by the CSC clones with the ability to disseminate from the primary tumor site. Conclusion: Evidence from both, experimental and clinical studies demonstrates that the probability of achieving local tumor control by radiation therapy depends on the complete eradication of CSC populations. The number, properties and molecular signature of CSCs are highly predictive for clinical outcome of radiotherapy, whereas targeted therapies against CSCs combined with conventional treatment are expected to provide an improved clinical response and prevent tumor relapse. In this review, we discuss the modern methods to study CSCs in radiation biology, the role of CSCs in personalized cancer therapy as well as future directions for CSC research in translational radiooncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Peitzsch
- a OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf , Dresden , Germany.,b National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR) , Dresden , Germany.,c German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Ina Kurth
- d German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Nadja Ebert
- d German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany.,f Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology , Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- a OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf , Dresden , Germany.,c German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany.,e Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay , Dresden , Germany
| | - Michael Baumann
- d German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany.,f Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology , Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany
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Nanotechnology in Spine Surgery: A Current Update and Critical Review of the Literature. World Neurosurg 2019; 123:142-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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50
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Wang H, Mu X, Yang J, Liang Y, Zhang XD, Ming D. Brain imaging with near-infrared fluorophores. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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