1
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Casillas Martinez A, Wicki-Stordeur LE, Ariano AV, Swayne LA. Dual role for pannexin 1 at synapses: regulating functional and morphological plasticity. J Physiol 2024. [PMID: 39264228 DOI: 10.1113/jp285228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Pannexin 1 (PANX1) is an ion and metabolite membrane channel and scaffold protein enriched in synaptic compartments of neurons in the central nervous system. In addition to a well-established link between PANX1 and synaptic plasticity, we recently identified a role for PANX1 in the regulation of dendritic spine stability. Notably, PANX1 and its interacting proteins are linked to neurological conditions involving dendritic spine loss. Understanding the dual role of PANX1 in synaptic function and morphology may help to shed light on these links. We explore potential mechanisms, including PANX1's interactions with postsynaptic receptors and cytoskeleton regulating proteins. Finally, we contextualize PANX1's dual role within neurological diseases involving dendritic spine and synapse dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leigh E Wicki-Stordeur
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Annika V Ariano
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Leigh Anne Swayne
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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2
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Gaete PS, Kumar D, Fernandez CI, Valdez Capuccino JM, Bhatt A, Jiang W, Lin YC, Liu Y, Harris AL, Luo YL, Contreras JE. Large-pore connexin hemichannels function like molecule transporters independent of ion conduction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2403903121. [PMID: 39116127 PMCID: PMC11331127 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2403903121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Connexin hemichannels were identified as the first members of the eukaryotic large-pore channel family that mediate permeation of both atomic ions and small molecules between the intracellular and extracellular environments. The conventional view is that their pore is a large passive conduit through which both ions and molecules diffuse in a similar manner. In stark contrast to this notion, we demonstrate that the permeation of ions and of molecules in connexin hemichannels can be uncoupled and differentially regulated. We find that human connexin mutations that produce pathologies and were previously thought to be loss-of-function mutations due to the lack of ionic currents are still capable of mediating the passive transport of molecules with kinetics close to those of wild-type channels. This molecular transport displays saturability in the micromolar range, selectivity, and competitive inhibition, properties that are tuned by specific interactions between the permeating molecules and the N-terminal domain that lies within the pore-a general feature of large-pore channels. We propose that connexin hemichannels and, likely, other large-pore channels, are hybrid channel/transporter-like proteins that might switch between these two modes to promote selective ion conduction or autocrine/paracrine molecular signaling in health and disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo S. Gaete
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA95616
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA91766
| | - Cynthia I. Fernandez
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA95616
| | - Juan M. Valdez Capuccino
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ07103
| | - Aashish Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA91766
| | - Wenjuan Jiang
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA91766
| | - Yi-Chun Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA91766
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ07103
| | - Andrew L. Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ07103
| | - Yun L. Luo
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA91766
| | - Jorge E. Contreras
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA95616
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3
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Kwok CHT, Harding EK, Burma NE, Markovic T, Massaly N, van den Hoogen NJ, Stokes-Heck S, Gambeta E, Komarek K, Yoon HJ, Navis KE, McAllister BB, Canet-Pons J, Fan C, Dalgarno R, Gorobets E, Papatzimas JW, Zhang Z, Kohro Y, Anderson CL, Thompson RJ, Derksen DJ, Morón JA, Zamponi GW, Trang T. Pannexin-1 channel inhibition alleviates opioid withdrawal in rodents by modulating locus coeruleus to spinal cord circuitry. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6264. [PMID: 39048565 PMCID: PMC11269731 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50657-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Opioid withdrawal is a liability of chronic opioid use and misuse, impacting people who use prescription or illicit opioids. Hyperactive autonomic output underlies many of the aversive withdrawal symptoms that make it difficult to discontinue chronic opioid use. The locus coeruleus (LC) is an important autonomic centre within the brain with a poorly defined role in opioid withdrawal. We show here that pannexin-1 (Panx1) channels expressed on microglia critically modulate LC activity during opioid withdrawal. Within the LC, we found that spinally projecting tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons (LCspinal) are hyperexcitable during morphine withdrawal, elevating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of norepinephrine. Pharmacological and chemogenetic silencing of LCspinal neurons or genetic ablation of Panx1 in microglia blunted CSF NE release, reduced LC neuron hyperexcitability, and concomitantly decreased opioid withdrawal behaviours in mice. Using probenecid as an initial lead compound, we designed a compound (EG-2184) with greater potency in blocking Panx1. Treatment with EG-2184 significantly reduced both the physical signs and conditioned place aversion caused by opioid withdrawal in mice, as well as suppressed cue-induced reinstatement of opioid seeking in rats. Together, these findings demonstrate that microglial Panx1 channels modulate LC noradrenergic circuitry during opioid withdrawal and reinstatement. Blocking Panx1 to dampen LC hyperexcitability may therefore provide a therapeutic strategy for alleviating the physical and aversive components of opioid withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie H T Kwok
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Erika K Harding
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nicole E Burma
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tamara Markovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University Pain Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nicolas Massaly
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University Pain Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nynke J van den Hoogen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sierra Stokes-Heck
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Eder Gambeta
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kristina Komarek
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Hye Jean Yoon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University Pain Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kathleen E Navis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Brendan B McAllister
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Julia Canet-Pons
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Churmy Fan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Rebecca Dalgarno
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Evgueni Gorobets
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Zizhen Zhang
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Yuta Kohro
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Connor L Anderson
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Roger J Thompson
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Darren J Derksen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jose A Morón
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University Pain Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tuan Trang
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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4
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Salgado M, Márquez-Miranda V, Ferrada L, Rojas M, Poblete-Flores G, González-Nilo FD, Ardiles ÁO, Sáez JC. Ca 2+ permeation through C-terminal cleaved, but not full-length human Pannexin1 hemichannels, mediates cell death. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2405468121. [PMID: 38861601 PMCID: PMC11194574 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2405468121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Pannexin1 hemichannels (Panx1 HCs) are found in the membrane of most mammalian cells and communicate the intracellular and extracellular spaces, enabling the passive transfer of ions and small molecules. They are involved in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. During apoptosis, the C-terminal tail of Panx1 is proteolytically cleaved, but the permeability features of hemichannels and their role in cell death remain elusive. To address these topics, HeLa cells transfected with full-length human Panx1 (fl-hPanx1) or C-terminal truncated hPanx1 (Δ371hPanx1) were exposed to alkaline extracellular saline solution, increasing the activity of Panx1 HCs. The Δ371hPanx1 HC was permeable to DAPI and Etd+, but not to propidium iodide, whereas fl-hPanx1 HC was only permeable to DAPI. Furthermore, the cytoplasmic Ca2+ signal increased only in Δ371hPanx1 cells, which was supported by bioinformatics approaches. The influx of Ca2+ through Δ371hPanx1 HCs was necessary to promote cell death up to about 95% of cells, whereas the exposure to alkaline saline solution without Ca2+ failed to induce cell death, and the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 promoted more than 80% cell death even in fl-hPanx1 transfectants. Moreover, cell death was prevented with carbenoxolone or 10Panx1 in Δ371hPanx1 cells, whereas it was undetectable in HeLa Panx1-/- cells. Pretreatment with Ferrostatin-1 and necrostatin-1 did not prevent cell death, suggesting that ferroptosis or necroptosis was not involved. In comparison, zVAD-FMK, a pancaspase inhibitor, reduced death by ~60%, suggesting the involvement of apoptosis. Therefore, alkaline pH increases the activity of Δ371hPanx1HCs, leading to a critical intracellular free-Ca2+ overload that promotes cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdiel Salgado
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso2381850, Chile
| | - Valeria Márquez-Miranda
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago8370146, Chile
| | - Luciano Ferrada
- Centro de Microscopía Avanzada-Biobío, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción4070386, Chile
| | - Maximiliano Rojas
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago8370146, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Poblete-Flores
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso2341386, Chile
| | - Fernando D. González-Nilo
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso2381850, Chile
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago8370146, Chile
| | - Álvaro O. Ardiles
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso2381850, Chile
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso2341386, Chile
| | - Juan C. Sáez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso2381850, Chile
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5
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Henze E, Ehrlich JJ, Robertson JL, Kawate T. The C-terminal activating domain promotes Panx1 channel opening. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.13.598903. [PMID: 38915727 PMCID: PMC11195165 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.13.598903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Pannexin 1 (Panx1) constitutes a large pore channel responsible for the release of ATP from apoptotic cells. Strong evidence indicates that caspase-mediated cleavage of the C-terminus promotes the opening of the Panx1 channel by unplugging the pore. However, this simple pore-plugging mechanism alone cannot account for the observation that a Panx1 construct ending before the caspase cleavage site remains closed. Here, we show that a helical region located immediately before the caspase cleavage site, referred to as the "C-terminal activating domain (CAD)," plays a pivotal role in facilitating Panx1 activation. Electrophysiology and mutagenesis studies uncovered that two conserved leucine residues within the CAD plays a pivotal role. Cryo-EM analysis of the construct ending before reaching the CAD demonstrated that the N-terminus extends into an intracellular pocket. In contrast, the construct including the CAD revealed that this domain occupies the intracellular pocket, causing the N-terminus to flip upward within the pore. Analysis of electrostatic free energy landscape in the closed conformation indicated that the intracellular side of the ion permeation pore may be occupied by anions like ATP, creating an electrostatic barrier for anions attempting to permeate the pore. When the N-terminus flips up, it diminishes the positively charged surface, thereby reducing the drive to accumulate anions inside the pore. This dynamic change in the electrostatic landscape likely contributes to the selection of permeant ions. Collectively, these experiments put forth a novel mechanism in which C-terminal cleavage liberates the CAD, causing the repositioning of the N-terminus to promote Panx1 channel opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Henze
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | - Janice L. Robertson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Toshimitsu Kawate
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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6
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Vitureira N, Rafael A, Abudara V. P2X7 receptors and pannexin1 hemichannels shape presynaptic transmission. Purinergic Signal 2024; 20:223-236. [PMID: 37713157 PMCID: PMC11189373 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-023-09965-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, since the discovery of ATP as a transmitter, accumulating evidence has been reported about the role of this nucleotide and purinergic receptors, in particular P2X7 receptors, in the modulation of synaptic strength and plasticity. Purinergic signaling has emerged as a crucial player in orchestrating the molecular interaction between the components of the tripartite synapse, and much progress has been made in how this neuron-glia interaction impacts neuronal physiology under basal and pathological conditions. On the other hand, pannexin1 hemichannels, which are functionally linked to P2X7 receptors, have appeared more recently as important modulators of excitatory synaptic function and plasticity under diverse contexts. In this review, we will discuss the contribution of ATP, P2X7 receptors, and pannexin hemichannels to the modulation of presynaptic strength and its impact on motor function, sensory processing, synaptic plasticity, and neuroglial communication, with special focus on the P2X7 receptor/pannexin hemichannel interplay. We also address major hypotheses about the role of this interaction in physiological and pathological circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Vitureira
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Alberto Rafael
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Verónica Abudara
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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7
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Ruan Z, Lee J, Li Y, Du J, Lü W. Human pannexin 1 channel is not phosphorylated by Src tyrosine kinase at Tyr199 and Tyr309. eLife 2024; 13:RP95118. [PMID: 38780416 PMCID: PMC11115448 DOI: 10.7554/elife.95118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is one of the major molecular mechanisms regulating protein activity and function throughout the cell. Pannexin 1 (PANX1) is a large-pore channel permeable to ATP and other cellular metabolites. Its tyrosine phosphorylation and subsequent activation have been found to play critical roles in diverse cellular conditions, including neuronal cell death, acute inflammation, and smooth muscle contraction. Specifically, the non-receptor kinase Src has been reported to phosphorylate Tyr198 and Tyr308 of mouse PANX1 (equivalent to Tyr199 and Tyr309 of human PANX1), resulting in channel opening and ATP release. Although the Src-dependent PANX1 activation mechanism has been widely discussed in the literature, independent validation of the tyrosine phosphorylation of PANX1 has been lacking. Here, we show that commercially available antibodies against the two phosphorylation sites mentioned above-which were used to identify endogenous PANX1 phosphorylation at these two sites-are nonspecific and should not be used to interpret results related to PANX1 phosphorylation. We further provide evidence that neither tyrosine residue is a major phosphorylation site for Src kinase in heterologous expression systems. We call on the field to re-examine the existing paradigm of tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent activation of the PANX1 channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ruan
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel InstituteGrand RapidsUnited States
| | - Junuk Lee
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel InstituteGrand RapidsUnited States
| | - Yangyang Li
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel InstituteGrand RapidsUnited States
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel InstituteGrand RapidsUnited States
| | - Wei Lü
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel InstituteGrand RapidsUnited States
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8
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Luo Y, Zheng S, Xiao W, Zhang H, Li Y. Pannexins in the musculoskeletal system: new targets for development and disease progression. Bone Res 2024; 12:26. [PMID: 38705887 PMCID: PMC11070431 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-024-00334-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
During cell differentiation, growth, and development, cells can respond to extracellular stimuli through communication channels. Pannexin (Panx) family and connexin (Cx) family are two important types of channel-forming proteins. Panx family contains three members (Panx1-3) and is expressed widely in bone, cartilage and muscle. Although there is no sequence homology between Panx family and Cx family, they exhibit similar configurations and functions. Similar to Cxs, the key roles of Panxs in the maintenance of physiological functions of the musculoskeletal system and disease progression were gradually revealed later. Here, we seek to elucidate the structure of Panxs and their roles in regulating processes such as osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, and muscle growth. We also focus on the comparison between Cx and Panx. As a new key target, Panxs expression imbalance and dysfunction in muscle and the therapeutic potentials of Panxs in joint diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xiangya Medicine School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Shengyuan Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xiangya Medicine School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Wenfeng Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
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9
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Lucero CM, Navarro L, Barros-Osorio C, Cáceres-Conejeros P, Orellana JA, Gómez GI. Activation of Pannexin-1 channels causes cell dysfunction and damage in mesangial cells derived from angiotensin II-exposed mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1387234. [PMID: 38660621 PMCID: PMC11041381 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1387234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a prevalent health concern associated with various pathological conditions, including hypertensive nephropathy. Mesangial cells are crucial in maintaining glomerular function, yet their involvement in CKD pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Recent evidence indicates that overactivation of Pannexin-1 (Panx1) channels could contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of various diseases. Although Panx1 is expressed in the kidney, its contribution to the dysfunction of renal cells during pathological conditions remains to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the impact of Panx1 channels on mesangial cell function in the context of hypertensive nephropathy. Using an Ang II-infused mouse model and primary mesangial cell cultures, we demonstrated that in vivo exposure to Ang II sensitizes cultured mesangial cells to show increased alterations when they are subjected to subsequent in vitro exposure to Ang II. Particularly, mesangial cell cultures treated with Ang II showed elevated activity of Panx1 channels and increased release of ATP. The latter was associated with enhanced basal intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and increased ATP-mediated [Ca2+]i responses. These effects were accompanied by increased lipid peroxidation and reduced cell viability. Crucially, all the adverse impacts evoked by Ang II were prevented by the blockade of Panx1 channels, underscoring their critical role in mediating cellular dysfunction in mesangial cells. By elucidating the mechanisms by which Ang II negatively impacts mesangial cell function, this study provides valuable insights into the pathogenesis of renal damage in hypertensive nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M. Lucero
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Laura Navarro
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristián Barros-Osorio
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricio Cáceres-Conejeros
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan A. Orellana
- Departamento de Neurología, Escuela de Medicina and Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo I. Gómez
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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10
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Hussain N, Apotikar A, Pidathala S, Mukherjee S, Burada AP, Sikdar SK, Vinothkumar KR, Penmatsa A. Cryo-EM structures of pannexin 1 and 3 reveal differences among pannexin isoforms. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2942. [PMID: 38580658 PMCID: PMC10997603 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47142-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Pannexins are single-membrane large-pore channels that release ions and ATP upon activation. Three isoforms of pannexins 1, 2, and 3, perform diverse cellular roles and differ in their pore lining residues. In this study, we report the cryo-EM structure of pannexin 3 at 3.9 Å and analyze its structural differences with pannexin isoforms 1 and 2. The pannexin 3 vestibule has two distinct chambers and a wider pore radius in comparison to pannexins 1 and 2. We further report two cryo-EM structures of pannexin 1, with pore substitutions W74R/R75D that mimic the pore lining residues of pannexin 2 and a germline mutant of pannexin 1, R217H at resolutions of 3.2 Å and 3.9 Å, respectively. Substitution of cationic residues in the vestibule of pannexin 1 results in reduced ATP interaction propensities to the channel. The germline mutant R217H in transmembrane helix 3 (TM3), leads to a partially constricted pore, reduced ATP interaction and weakened voltage sensitivity. The study compares the three pannexin isoform structures, the effects of substitutions of pore and vestibule-lining residues and allosteric effects of a pathological substitution on channel structure and function thereby enhancing our understanding of this vital group of ATP-release channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Hussain
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Ashish Apotikar
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Shabareesh Pidathala
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sourajit Mukherjee
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Ananth Prasad Burada
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Sujit Kumar Sikdar
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Kutti R Vinothkumar
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Aravind Penmatsa
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
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11
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Ruan Z, Lee J, Li Y, Du J, Lü W. Human Pannexin 1 Channel is NOT Phosphorylated by Src Tyrosine Kinase at Tyr199 and Tyr309. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.10.557063. [PMID: 38168229 PMCID: PMC10760007 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.10.557063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is one of the major molecular mechanisms regulating protein activity and function throughout the cell. Pannexin 1 (PANX1) is a large-pore channel permeable to ATP and other cellular metabolites. Its tyrosine phosphorylation and subsequent activation have been found to play critical roles in diverse cellular conditions, including neuronal cell death, acute inflammation, and smooth muscle contraction. Specifically, the non-receptor kinase Src has been reported to phosphorylate Tyr198 and Tyr308 of mouse PANX1 (equivalent to Tyr199 and Tyr309 of human PANX1), resulting in channel opening and ATP release. Although the Src-dependent PANX1 activation mechanism has been widely discussed in the literature, independent validation of the tyrosine phosphorylation of PANX1 has been lacking. Here, we show that commercially available antibodies against the two phosphorylation sites mentioned above-which were used to identify endogenous PANX1 phosphorylation at these two sites-are nonspecific and should not be used to interpret results related to PANX1 phosphorylation. We further provide evidence that neither tyrosine residue is a major phosphorylation site for Src kinase in heterologous expression systems. We call on the field to re-examine the existing paradigm of tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent activation of the PANX1 channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ruan
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Junuk Lee
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Yangyang Li
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Wei Lü
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
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12
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Wang J, Mim C, Dahll G, Barro-Soria R. A metastasis-associated Pannexin1 mutant (Panx1 1-89 ) forms a minimalist ATP release channel. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.12.584732. [PMID: 38559162 PMCID: PMC10980048 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.12.584732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
A truncated form of the ATP release channel pannexin 1 (Panx1), Panx1 1-89 , is enriched in metastatic breast cancer cells and has been proposed to mediate metastatic cell survival by increasing ATP release through mechanosensitive Panx1 channels. However, whether Panx1 1-89 on its own (without the presence of wtPanx1) mediates ATP release has not been tested. Here, we show that Panx1 1-89 by itself can form a constitutively active membrane channel, capable of releasing ATP even in the absence of wild type Panx1. Our biophysical characterization reveals that most basic structure-function features of the channel pore are conserved in the truncated Panx1 1-89 peptide. Thus, augmenting extracellular potassium ion concentrations enhances Panx1 1-89 -mediated conductance. Moreover, despite the severe truncation, Panx1 1-89 retains the sensitivity to most of wtPanx1 channel inhibitors and can thus be targeted. Therefore, Panx1 blockers have the potential to be of therapeutic value to combat metastatic cell survival. Our study not only elucidates a mechanism for ATP release from cancer cells, but it also supports that the Panx1 1-89 mutant should facilitate structure-function analysis of Panx1 channels.
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13
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McAllister BB, Stokes-Heck S, Harding EK, van den Hoogen NJ, Trang T. Targeting Pannexin-1 Channels: Addressing the 'Gap' in Chronic Pain. CNS Drugs 2024; 38:77-91. [PMID: 38353876 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-024-01061-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Chronic pain complicates many diseases and is notoriously difficult to treat. In search of new therapeutic targets, pannexin-1 (Panx1) channels have sparked intense interest as a key mechanism involved in a variety of chronic pain conditions. Panx1 channels are transmembrane proteins that release ions and small molecules, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). They are expressed along important nodes of the pain pathway, modulating activity of diverse cell types implicated in the development and progression of chronic pain caused by injury or pathology. This review highlights advances that have unlocked the core structure and machinery controlling Panx1 function with a focus on understanding and treating chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan B McAllister
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Sierra Stokes-Heck
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Erika K Harding
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Nynke J van den Hoogen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Tuan Trang
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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14
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Wolpe AG, Luse MA, Baryiames C, Schug WJ, Wolpe JB, Johnstone SR, Dunaway LS, Juśkiewicz ZJ, Loeb SA, Askew Page HR, Chen YL, Sabapathy V, Pavelec CM, Wakefield B, Cifuentes-Pagano E, Artamonov MV, Somlyo AV, Straub AC, Sharma R, Beier F, Barrett EJ, Leitinger N, Pagano PJ, Sonkusare SK, Redemann S, Columbus L, Penuela S, Isakson BE. Pannexin-3 stabilizes the transcription factor Bcl6 in a channel-independent manner to protect against vascular oxidative stress. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadg2622. [PMID: 38289985 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adg2622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Targeted degradation regulates the activity of the transcriptional repressor Bcl6 and its ability to suppress oxidative stress and inflammation. Here, we report that abundance of endothelial Bcl6 is determined by its interaction with Golgi-localized pannexin 3 (Panx3) and that Bcl6 transcriptional activity protects against vascular oxidative stress. Consistent with data from obese, hypertensive humans, mice with an endothelial cell-specific deficiency in Panx3 had spontaneous systemic hypertension without obvious changes in channel function, as assessed by Ca2+ handling, ATP amounts, or Golgi luminal pH. Panx3 bound to Bcl6, and its absence reduced Bcl6 protein abundance, suggesting that the interaction with Panx3 stabilized Bcl6 by preventing its degradation. Panx3 deficiency was associated with increased expression of the gene encoding the H2O2-producing enzyme Nox4, which is normally repressed by Bcl6, resulting in H2O2-induced oxidative damage in the vasculature. Catalase rescued impaired vasodilation in mice lacking endothelial Panx3. Administration of a newly developed peptide to inhibit the Panx3-Bcl6 interaction recapitulated the increase in Nox4 expression and in blood pressure seen in mice with endothelial Panx3 deficiency. Panx3-Bcl6-Nox4 dysregulation occurred in obesity-related hypertension, but not when hypertension was induced in the absence of obesity. Our findings provide insight into a channel-independent role of Panx3 wherein its interaction with Bcl6 determines vascular oxidative state, particularly under the adverse conditions of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail G Wolpe
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Melissa A Luse
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | | | - Wyatt J Schug
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Jacob B Wolpe
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Scott R Johnstone
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Luke S Dunaway
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Zuzanna J Juśkiewicz
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Skylar A Loeb
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Henry R Askew Page
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Yen-Lin Chen
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Vikram Sabapathy
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Caitlin M Pavelec
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Brent Wakefield
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Eugenia Cifuentes-Pagano
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Mykhaylo V Artamonov
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Avril V Somlyo
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Adam C Straub
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Frank Beier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Eugene J Barrett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Norbert Leitinger
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Patrick J Pagano
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Swapnil K Sonkusare
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Stefanie Redemann
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Linda Columbus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Silvia Penuela
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Oncology (Division of Experimental Oncology), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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15
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Cibelli A, Dohare P, Spray DC, Scemes E. Differential activation of mouse and human Panx1 channel variants. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295710. [PMID: 38100403 PMCID: PMC10723736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pannexins are ubiquitously expressed in human and mouse tissues. Pannexin 1 (Panx1), the most thoroughly characterized member of this family, forms plasmalemmal membrane channels permeable to relatively large molecules, such as ATP. Although human and mouse Panx1 amino acid sequences are conserved in the presently known regulatory sites involved in trafficking and modulation of the channel, differences are reported in the N- and C-termini of the protein, and the mechanisms of channel activation by different stimuli remain controversial. Here we used a neuroblastoma cell line to study the activation properties of endogenous mPanx1 and exogenously expressed hPanx1. Dye uptake and electrophysiological recordings revealed that in contrast to mouse Panx1, the human ortholog is insensitive to stimulation with high extracellular [K+] but responds similarly to activation of the purinergic P2X7 receptor. The two most frequent Panx1 polymorphisms found in the human population, Q5H (rs1138800) and E390D (rs74549886), exogenously expressed in Panx1-null N2a cells revealed that regarding P2X7 receptor mediated Panx1 activation, the Q5H mutant is a gain of function whereas the E390D mutant is a loss of function variant. Collectively, we demonstrate differences in the activation between human and mouse Panx1 orthologs and suggest that these differences may have translational implications for studies where Panx1 has been shown to have significant impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cibelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Preeti Dohare
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - David C. Spray
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Eliana Scemes
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
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16
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O'Donnell BL, Penuela S. Skin in the game: pannexin channels in healthy and cancerous skin. Biochem J 2023; 480:1929-1949. [PMID: 38038973 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The skin is a highly organized tissue composed of multiple layers and cell types that require coordinated cell to cell communication to maintain tissue homeostasis. In skin cancer, this organized structure and communication is disrupted, prompting the malignant transformation of healthy cells into melanoma, basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma tumours. One such family of channel proteins critical for cellular communication is pannexins (PANX1, PANX2, PANX3), all of which are present in the skin. These heptameric single-membrane channels act as conduits for small molecules and ions like ATP and Ca2+ but have also been shown to have channel-independent functions through their interacting partners or action in signalling pathways. Pannexins have diverse roles in the skin such as in skin development, aging, barrier function, keratinocyte differentiation, inflammation, and wound healing, which were discovered through work with pannexin knockout mice, organotypic epidermis models, primary cells, and immortalized cell lines. In the context of cutaneous cancer, PANX1 is present at high levels in melanoma tumours and functions in melanoma carcinogenesis, and both PANX1 and PANX3 expression is altered in non-melanoma skin cancer. PANX2 has thus far not been implicated in any skin cancer. This review will discuss pannexin isoforms, structure, trafficking, post-translational modifications, interactome, and channel activity. We will also outline the expression, localization, and function of pannexin channels within the diverse cell types of the epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, and adnexal structures of the skin, and how these properties are exploited or abrogated in instances of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke L O'Donnell
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1
| | - Silvia Penuela
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1
- Department of Oncology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1
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17
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Henze E, Ehrlich JJ, Burkhardt RN, Fox BW, Michalski K, Kramer L, Lenfest M, Boesch JM, Schroeder FC, Kawate T. ATP-release pannexin channels are gated by lysophospholipids. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.23.563601. [PMID: 37961151 PMCID: PMC10634739 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.23.563601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) serves as an extracellular messenger that mediates diverse cell-to-cell communication. Compelling evidence supports that ATP is released from cells through pannexins, a family of heptameric large pore-forming channels. However, the activation mechanisms that trigger ATP release by pannexins remain poorly understood. Here, we discover lysophospholipids as endogenous pannexin activators, using activity-guided fractionation of mouse tissue extracts combined with untargeted metabolomics and electrophysiology. We show that lysophospholipids directly and reversibly activate pannexins in the absence of other proteins. Molecular docking, mutagenesis, and single-particle cryo-EM reconstructions suggest that lysophospholipids open pannexin channels by altering the conformation of the N-terminal domain. Our results provide a connection between lipid metabolism and ATP signaling, both of which play major roles in inflammation and neurotransmission. One-Sentence Summary Untargeted metabolomics discovers a class of messenger lipids as endogenous activators of membrane channels important for inflammation and neurotransmission.
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18
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Lamouroux A, Tournier M, Iaculli D, Caufriez A, Rusiecka OM, Martin C, Bes V, Carpio LE, Girardin Y, Loris R, Tabernilla A, Molica F, Gozalbes R, Mayán MD, Vinken M, Kwak BR, Ballet S. Structure-Based Design and Synthesis of Stapled 10Panx1 Analogues for Use in Cardiovascular Inflammatory Diseases. J Med Chem 2023; 66:13086-13102. [PMID: 37703077 PMCID: PMC10544015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Following a rational design, a series of macrocyclic ("stapled") peptidomimetics of 10Panx1, the most established peptide inhibitor of Pannexin1 (Panx1) channels, were developed and synthesized. Two macrocyclic analogues SBL-PX1-42 and SBL-PX1-44 outperformed the linear native peptide. During in vitro adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release and Yo-Pro-1 uptake assays in a Panx1-expressing tumor cell line, both compounds were revealed to be promising bidirectional inhibitors of Panx1 channel function, able to induce a two-fold inhibition, as compared to the native 10Panx1 sequence. The introduction of triazole-based cross-links within the peptide backbones increased helical content and enhanced in vitro proteolytic stability in human plasma (>30-fold longer half-lives, compared to 10Panx1). In adhesion assays, a "double-stapled" peptide, SBL-PX1-206 inhibited ATP release from endothelial cells, thereby efficiently reducing THP-1 monocyte adhesion to a TNF-α-activated endothelial monolayer and making it a promising candidate for future in vivo investigations in animal models of cardiovascular inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Lamouroux
- Research
Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering
Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Malaury Tournier
- Department
of Pathology and Immunology and Geneva Center for Inflammation Research,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Debora Iaculli
- Research
Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering
Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Caufriez
- Research
Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering
Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Research
Unit of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit
Brussel, Laarbeeklaan
103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olga M. Rusiecka
- Department
of Pathology and Immunology and Geneva Center for Inflammation Research,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Martin
- Research
Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering
Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Viviane Bes
- Department
of Pathology and Immunology and Geneva Center for Inflammation Research,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laureano E. Carpio
- ProtoQSAR
SL, Centro Europeo de Empresas Innovadoras, Parque Tecnológico de Valencia, Avda. Benjamin Franklin 12, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Yana Girardin
- Structural
Biology Brussels, Department of Biotechnology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Centre for
Structural Biology, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Remy Loris
- Structural
Biology Brussels, Department of Biotechnology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Centre for
Structural Biology, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrés Tabernilla
- Research
Unit of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit
Brussel, Laarbeeklaan
103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Filippo Molica
- Department
of Pathology and Immunology and Geneva Center for Inflammation Research,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rafael Gozalbes
- ProtoQSAR
SL, Centro Europeo de Empresas Innovadoras, Parque Tecnológico de Valencia, Avda. Benjamin Franklin 12, 46980 Paterna, Spain
- MolDrug
AI Systems SL, c/Olimpia
Arozena 45, 46018 Valencia, Spain
| | - María D. Mayán
- CellCOM
Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica
de A Coruña, Servizo Galego de Saúde, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Research
Unit of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit
Brussel, Laarbeeklaan
103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Brenda R. Kwak
- Department
of Pathology and Immunology and Geneva Center for Inflammation Research,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Steven Ballet
- Research
Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering
Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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19
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Phan TTT, Truong NV, Wu WG, Su YC, Hsu TS, Lin LY. Tumor suppressor p53 mediates interleukin-6 expression to enable cancer cell evasion of genotoxic stress. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:340. [PMID: 37696858 PMCID: PMC10495329 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01638-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 primarily functions as a mediator of DNA damage-induced cell death, thereby contributing to the efficacy of genotoxic anticancer therapeutics. Here, we show, on the contrary, that cancer cells can employ genotoxic stress-induced p53 to acquire treatment resistance through the production of the pleiotropic cytokine interleukin (IL)-6. Mechanistically, DNA damage, either repairable or irreparable, activates p53 and stimulates Caspase-2-mediated cleavage of its negative regulator mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) creating a positive feedback loop that leads to elevated p53 protein accumulation. p53 transcriptionally controls the major adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release channel pannexin 1 (Panx1), which directs IL-6 induction via a mechanism dependent on the extracellular ATP-activated purinergic P2 receptors as well as their downstream intracellular calcium (iCa2+)/PI3K/Akt/NF-ĸB signaling pathway. Thus, p53 silencing impairs Panx1 and IL-6 expression and renders cancer cells sensitive to genotoxic stress. Moreover, we confirm that IL-6 hampers the effectiveness of genotoxic anticancer agents by mitigating DNA damage, driving the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family genes, and maintaining the migratory and invasive properties of cancer cells. Analysis of patient survival and relevant factors in lung cancer and pan-cancer cohorts supports the prognostic and clinical values of Panx1 and IL-6. Notably, IL-6 secreted by cancer cells during genotoxic treatments promotes the polarization of monocytic THP-1-derived macrophages into an alternative (M2-like) phenotype that exhibits impaired anti-survival activities but enhanced pro-metastatic effects on cancer cells as compared to nonpolarized macrophages. Our study reveals the precise mechanism for genotoxic-induced IL-6 and suggests that targeting p53-mediated IL-6 may improve the responsiveness of cancer cells to genotoxic anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinh T T Phan
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan ROC
| | - Nam V Truong
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan ROC
| | - Wen-Guey Wu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan ROC
| | - Yi-Chun Su
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan ROC
| | - Tzu-Sheng Hsu
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan ROC.
| | - Lih-Yuan Lin
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan ROC.
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20
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Caufriez A, Lamouroux A, Martin C, Iaculli D, Ince Ergüç E, Gozalbes R, Mayan MD, Kwak BR, Tabernilla A, Vinken M, Ballet S. Determination of structural features that underpin the pannexin1 channel inhibitory activity of the peptide 10Panx1. Bioorg Chem 2023; 138:106612. [PMID: 37210827 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Pannexin1 channels facilitate paracrine communication and are involved in a broad spectrum of diseases. Attempts to find appropriate pannexin1 channel inhibitors that showcase target-selective properties and in vivo applicability remain nonetheless scarce. However, a promising lead candidate, the ten amino acid long peptide mimetic 10Panx1 (H-Trp1-Arg2-Gln3-Ala4-Ala5-Phe6-Val7-Asp8-Ser9-Tyr10-OH), has shown potential as a pannexin1 channel inhibitor in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Nonetheless, structural optimization is critical for clinical use. One of the main hurdles to overcome along the optimization process consists of subduing the low biological stability (10Panx1 t1/2 = 2.27 ± 0.11 min). To tackle this issue, identification of important structural features within the decapeptide structure is warranted. For this reason, a structure-activity relationship study was performed to proteolytically stabilize the sequence. Through an Alanine scan, this study demonstrated that the side chains of Gln3 and Asp8 are crucial for 10Panx1's channel inhibitory capacity. Guided by plasma stability experiments, scissile amide bonds were identified and stabilized, while extracellular adenosine triphosphate release experiments, indicative of pannexin1 channel functionality, allowed to enhance the in vitro inhibitory capacity of 10Panx1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Caufriez
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Research Group of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arthur Lamouroux
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Martin
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Debora Iaculli
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elif Ince Ergüç
- Research Group of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rafael Gozalbes
- ProtoQSAR SL, Centro Europeo de Empresas Innovadoras, Parque Tecnológico de Valencia, Avda. Benjamin Franklin 12, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Maria D Mayan
- CellCOM Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña, Servizo Galego de Saúde, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Brenda R Kwak
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrés Tabernilla
- Research Group of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Research Group of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Steven Ballet
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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21
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Wu YL, Yang AH, Chiu YH. Recent advances in the structure and activation mechanisms of metabolite-releasing Pannexin 1 channels. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1687-1699. [PMID: 37622532 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Pannexin 1 (PANX1) is a widely expressed large-pore ion channel located in the plasma membrane of almost all vertebrate cells. It possesses a unique ability to act as a conduit for both inorganic ions (e.g. potassium or chloride) and bioactive metabolites (e.g. ATP or glutamate), thereby activating varying signaling pathways in an autocrine or paracrine manner. Given its crucial role in cell-cell interactions, the activity of PANX1 has been implicated in maintaining homeostasis of cardiovascular, immune, and nervous systems. Dysregulation of PANX1 has also been linked to numerous diseases, such as ischemic stroke, seizure, and inflammatory disorders. Therefore, the mechanisms underlying different modes of PANX1 activation and its context-specific channel properties have gathered significant attention. In this review, we summarize the roles of PANX1 in various physiological processes and diseases, and analyze the accumulated lines of evidence supporting diverse molecular mechanisms associated with different PANX1 activation modalities. We focus on examining recent discoveries regarding PANX1 regulations by reversible post-translational modifications, elevated intracellular calcium concentration, and protein-protein interactions, as well as by irreversible cleavage of its C-terminal tail. Additionally, we delve into the caveats in the proposed PANX1 gating mechanisms and channel open-closed configurations by critically analyzing the structural insights derived from cryo-EM studies and the unitary properties of PANX1 channels. By doing so, we aim to identify potential research directions for a better understanding of the functions and regulations of PANX1 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Wu
- Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd., Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Hsing Yang
- Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd., Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Chiu
- Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd., Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd., Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
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22
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Güiza J, Solís F, Valenzuela B, Arancibia D, Zamorano P, González J, Saavedra J, Neely A, Salgado M, Martínez AD, Sáez JC, Vega JL. Unnexin is a protein subunit of a large-pore channel expressed by unicellular organisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2307898120. [PMID: 37487087 PMCID: PMC10400985 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307898120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells of vertebrate and invertebrate organisms express proteins specialized in membrane channel-based cell-cell communication that are absent in unicellular organisms. We recently described the prediction of some members of the large-pore channel family in kinetoplastids, consisting of proteins called unnexins, which share several structural features with innexin and pannexin proteins. Here, we demonstrated that the unnexin1 protein (Unx1) is delivered to the cell membrane, displaying a topology consisting of four transmembrane domains with C and N termini on the cytoplasmic side and form large-pore channels that are permeable to small molecules. Low extracellular Ca2+/Mg2+ levels or extracellular alkalinization, but not mechanical stretching, increases channel activity. The Unx1 channel mediates the influx of Ca2+ and does not form intercellular dye coupling between HeLa Unx1 transfected cells. Unx1 channel function was further evidenced by its ability to mediate ionic currents when expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Downregulation of Unx1 mRNA with morpholine contains Trypanosoma cruzi invasion. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of Unx1 homologs in other protozoan parasites, suggesting a conserved function for these channel parasites in other protists. Our data demonstrate that Unx1 forms large-pore membrane channels, which may serve as a diffusional pathway for ions and small molecules that are likely to be metabolic substrates or waste products, and signaling autocrine and paracrine molecules that could be involved in cell invasion. As morpholinos-induced downregulation of Unx1 reduces the infectivity of trypomastigotes, the Unx1 channels might be an attractive target for developing trypanocide drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Güiza
- Laboratory of Gap Junction Proteins and Parasitic Diseases (GaPaL), Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta1240000, Chile
| | - Francisco Solís
- Laboratorio de Microorganismos Extremófilos, Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta1240000, Chile
| | - Bernardita Valenzuela
- Laboratorio de Microorganismos Extremófilos, Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta1240000, Chile
| | - Duxan Arancibia
- Laboratorio de Microorganismos Extremófilos, Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta1240000, Chile
| | - Pedro Zamorano
- Laboratorio de Microorganismos Extremófilos, Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta1240000, Chile
| | - Jorge González
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Unidad de Parasitología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta1240000, Chile
| | - Jonathan Saavedra
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso2381850, Chile
| | - Alan Neely
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso2381850, Chile
| | - Magdiel Salgado
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso2381850, Chile
| | - Agustín D. Martínez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso2381850, Chile
| | - Juan C. Sáez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso2381850, Chile
| | - José L. Vega
- Laboratory of Gap Junction Proteins and Parasitic Diseases (GaPaL), Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta1240000, Chile
- Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta1240000, Chile
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23
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Syrjänen JL, Epstein M, Gómez R, Furukawa H. Structure of human CALHM1 reveals key locations for channel regulation and blockade by ruthenium red. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3821. [PMID: 37380652 PMCID: PMC10307800 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39388-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium homeostasis modulator 1 (CALHM1) is a voltage-dependent channel involved in neuromodulation and gustatory signaling. Despite recent progress in the structural biology of CALHM1, insights into functional regulation, pore architecture, and channel blockade remain limited. Here we present the cryo-EM structure of human CALHM1, revealing an octameric assembly pattern similar to the non-mammalian CALHM1s and the lipid-binding pocket conserved across species. We demonstrate by MD simulations that this pocket preferentially binds a phospholipid over cholesterol to stabilize its structure and regulate the channel activities. Finally, we show that residues in the amino-terminal helix form the channel pore that ruthenium red binds and blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna L Syrjänen
- W.M. Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, 11724, USA
| | - Max Epstein
- W.M. Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, 11724, USA
| | - Ricardo Gómez
- W.M. Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, 11724, USA
| | - Hiro Furukawa
- W.M. Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, 11724, USA.
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24
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García-Rodríguez C, Mujica P, Illanes-González J, López A, Vargas C, Sáez JC, González-Jamett A, Ardiles ÁO. Probenecid, an Old Drug with Potential New Uses for Central Nervous System Disorders and Neuroinflammation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1516. [PMID: 37371611 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Probenecid is an old uricosuric agent used in clinics to treat gout and reduce the renal excretion of antibiotics. In recent years, probenecid has gained attention due to its ability to interact with membrane proteins such as TRPV2 channels, organic anion transporters, and pannexin 1 hemichannels, which suggests new potential therapeutic utilities in medicine. Some current functions of probenecid include their use as an adjuvant to increase the bioavailability of several drugs in the Central Nervous System (CNS). Numerous studies also suggest that this drug has important neuroprotective, antiepileptic, and anti-inflammatory properties, as evidenced by their effect against neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. In these studies, the use of probenecid as a Panx1 hemichannel blocker to reduce neuroinflammation is highlighted since neuroinflammation is a major trigger for diverse CNS alterations. Although the clinical use of probenecid has declined over the years, advances in its use in preclinical research indicate that it may be useful to improve conventional therapies in the psychiatric field where the drugs used have a low bioavailability, either because of a deficient passage through the blood-brain barrier or a high efflux from the CNS or also a high urinary clearance. This review summarizes the history, pharmacological properties, and recent research uses of probenecid and discusses its future projections as a potential pharmacological strategy to intervene in neurodegeneration as an outcome of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia García-Rodríguez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Paula Mujica
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Javiera Illanes-González
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Araceli López
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Camilo Vargas
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Juan C Sáez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Instituto de Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Arlek González-Jamett
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Álvaro O Ardiles
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios en Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar 2540064, Chile
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25
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Koval M, Schug WJ, Isakson BE. Pharmacology of pannexin channels. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2023; 69:102359. [PMID: 36858833 PMCID: PMC10023479 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2023.102359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Pannexin channels play fundamental roles in regulating inflammation and have been implicated in many diseases including hypertension, stroke, and neuropathic pain. Thus, the ability to pharmacologically block these channels is a vital component of several therapeutic approaches. Pharmacologic interrogation of model systems also provides a means to discover new roles for pannexins in cell physiology. Here, we review the state of the art for agents that can be used to block pannexin channels, with a focus on chemical pharmaceuticals and peptide mimetics that act on pannexin 1. Guidance on interpreting results obtained with pannexin pharmacologics in experimental systems is discussed, as well as strengths and caveats of different agents, including specificity and feasibility of clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Koval
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Wyatt J Schug
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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26
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Dale N, Butler J, Dospinescu VM, Nijjar S. Channel-mediated ATP release in the nervous system. Neuropharmacology 2023; 227:109435. [PMID: 36690324 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
ATP is well established as a transmitter and modulator in the peripheral and central nervous system. While conventional exocytotic release of ATP at synapses occurs, this transmitter is unusual in also being released into the extracellular space via large-pored plasma membrane channels. This review considers the channels that are known to be permeable to ATP and some of the functions of channel-mediated ATP release. While the possibility of ATP release via channels mediating volume transmission has been known for some time, localised ATP release via channels at specialised synapses made by taste cells to the afferent nerve has recently been documented in taste buds. This raises the prospect that "channel synapses" may occur in other contexts. However, volume transmission and channel synapses are not necessarily mutually exclusive. We suggest that certain glial cells in the brain stem and hypothalamus, which possess long processes and are known to release ATP, may be candidates for both modes of ATP release -channel-mediated volume transmission in the region of their somata and more localised transmission possibly via either conventional or channel synapses from their processes at distal targets. Finally, we consider the different characteristics of vesicular and channel synapses and suggest that channel synapses may be advantageous in requiring less energy than their conventional vesicular counterparts. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Purinergic Signaling: 50 years".
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Dale
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4, AL, UK.
| | - Jack Butler
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4, AL, UK
| | | | - Sarbjit Nijjar
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4, AL, UK
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27
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He Z, Zhao Y, Rau MJ, Fitzpatrick JAJ, Sah R, Hu H, Yuan P. Structural and functional analysis of human pannexin 2 channel. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1712. [PMID: 36973289 PMCID: PMC10043284 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37413-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The pannexin 2 channel (PANX2) participates in multiple physiological processes including skin homeostasis, neuronal development, and ischemia-induced brain injury. However, the molecular basis of PANX2 channel function remains largely unknown. Here, we present a cryo-electron microscopy structure of human PANX2, which reveals pore properties contrasting with those of the intensely studied paralog PANX1. The extracellular selectivity filter, defined by a ring of basic residues, more closely resembles that of the distantly related volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC) LRRC8A, rather than PANX1. Furthermore, we show that PANX2 displays a similar anion permeability sequence as VRAC, and that PANX2 channel activity is inhibited by a commonly used VRAC inhibitor, DCPIB. Thus, the shared channel properties between PANX2 and VRAC may complicate dissection of their cellular functions through pharmacological manipulation. Collectively, our structural and functional analysis provides a framework for development of PANX2-specific reagents that are needed for better understanding of channel physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui He
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yonghui Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael J Rau
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - James A J Fitzpatrick
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rajan Sah
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hongzhen Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Peng Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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28
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Direct cell extraction of membrane proteins for structure-function analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1420. [PMID: 36697499 PMCID: PMC9876986 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28455-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane proteins are the largest group of therapeutic targets in a variety of disease areas and yet, they remain particularly difficult to investigate. We have developed a novel one-step approach for the incorporation of membrane proteins directly from cells into lipid Salipro nanoparticles. Here, with the pannexin1 channel as a case study, we demonstrate the applicability of this method for structure-function analysis using SPR and cryo-EM.
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29
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Zhou J, Wang M, Hu J, Li Z, Zhu L, Jin L. A novel heterozygous variant in PANX1 causes primary infertility due to oocyte death. J Assist Reprod Genet 2023; 40:65-73. [PMID: 36469255 PMCID: PMC9840723 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-022-02666-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Variants in the pannexin1 (PANX1) gene have been reported to be associated with oocyte death and recurrent in vitro fertilization failure. In this study, we performed genetic analysis in the patient with female infertility due to oocyte death to identify the disease-causing gene variant in the patient. METHODS We characterized one patient from a non-consanguineous family who had suffered from oocyte death and female infertility. Whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were used to identify the variant in the family. Western blot analysis was used to check the effect of the variant on PANX1 glycosylation pattern in vitro. RESULTS We identified a novel heterozygous PANX1 variant (NM_015368.4 c.976_978del, (p.Asn326del)) associated with the phenotype of oocyte death in a non-consanguineous family, followed by an autosomal dominant (AD) mode. This variant showed a more delayed emergence of oocyte death than previously reported articles. Western blot analysis confirmed that the deletion variant of PANX1 (c.976_978del) altered the glycosylation pattern in HeLa cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings expand the variant spectrum of PANX1 genes associated with oocyte death and provide new support for the genetic diagnosis of female infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juepu Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Meng Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Juan Hu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Zhou Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Lixia Zhu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Lei Jin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030 China
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Moroz LL, Romanova DY. Alternative neural systems: What is a neuron? (Ctenophores, sponges and placozoans). Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1071961. [PMID: 36619868 PMCID: PMC9816575 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1071961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
How to make a neuron, a synapse, and a neural circuit? Is there only one 'design' for a neural architecture with a universally shared genomic blueprint across species? The brief answer is "No." Four early divergent lineages from the nerveless common ancestor of all animals independently evolved distinct neuroid-type integrative systems. One of these is a subset of neural nets in comb jellies with unique synapses; the second lineage is the well-known Cnidaria + Bilateria; the two others are non-synaptic neuroid systems in sponges and placozoans. By integrating scRNA-seq and microscopy data, we revise the definition of neurons as synaptically-coupled polarized and highly heterogenous secretory cells at the top of behavioral hierarchies with learning capabilities. This physiological (not phylogenetic) definition separates 'true' neurons from non-synaptically and gap junction-coupled integrative systems executing more stereotyped behaviors. Growing evidence supports the hypothesis of multiple origins of neurons and synapses. Thus, many non-bilaterian and bilaterian neuronal classes, circuits or systems are considered functional rather than genetic categories, composed of non-homologous cell types. In summary, little-explored examples of convergent neuronal evolution in representatives of early branching metazoans provide conceptually novel microanatomical and physiological architectures of behavioral controls in animals with prospects of neuro-engineering and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid L. Moroz
- Departments of Neuroscience and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, United States
| | - Daria Y. Romanova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of RAS, 5A Butlerova, Moscow, Russia
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Hypertensive Nephropathy: Unveiling the Possible Involvement of Hemichannels and Pannexons. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415936. [PMID: 36555574 PMCID: PMC9785367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the most common risk factors for developing chronic cardiovascular diseases, including hypertensive nephropathy. Within the glomerulus, hypertension causes damage and activation of mesangial cells (MCs), eliciting the production of large amounts of vasoactive and proinflammatory agents. Accordingly, the activation of AT1 receptors by the vasoactive molecule angiotensin II (AngII) contributes to the pathogenesis of renal damage, which is mediated mostly by the dysfunction of intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) signaling. Similarly, inflammation entails complex processes, where [Ca2+]i also play crucial roles. Deregulation of this second messenger increases cell damage and promotes fibrosis, reduces renal blood flow, and impairs the glomerular filtration barrier. In vertebrates, [Ca2+]i signaling depends, in part, on the activity of two families of large-pore channels: hemichannels and pannexons. Interestingly, the opening of these channels depends on [Ca2+]i signaling. In this review, we propose that the opening of channels formed by connexins and/or pannexins mediated by AngII induces the ATP release to the extracellular media, with the subsequent activation of purinergic receptors. This process could elicit Ca2+ overload and constitute a feed-forward mechanism, leading to kidney damage.
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Flores-Muñoz C, García-Rojas F, Pérez MA, Santander O, Mery E, Ordenes S, Illanes-González J, López-Espíndola D, González-Jamett AM, Fuenzalida M, Martínez AD, Ardiles ÁO. The Long-Term Pannexin 1 Ablation Produces Structural and Functional Modifications in Hippocampal Neurons. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223646. [PMID: 36429074 PMCID: PMC9688914 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced activity and overexpression of Pannexin 1 (Panx1) channels contribute to neuronal pathologies such as epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The Panx1 channel ablation alters the hippocampus's glutamatergic neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity, and memory flexibility. Nevertheless, Panx1-knockout (Panx1-KO) mice still retain the ability to learn, suggesting that compensatory mechanisms stabilize their neuronal activity. Here, we show that the absence of Panx1 in the adult brain promotes a series of structural and functional modifications in the Panx1-KO hippocampal synapses, preserving spontaneous activity. Compared to the wild-type (WT) condition, the adult hippocampal neurons of Panx1-KO mice exhibit enhanced excitability, a more complex dendritic branching, enhanced spine maturation, and an increased proportion of multiple synaptic contacts. These modifications seem to rely on the actin-cytoskeleton dynamics as an increase in the actin polymerization and an imbalance between the Rac1 and the RhoA GTPase activities were observed in Panx1-KO brain tissues. Our findings highlight a novel interaction between Panx1 channels, actin, and Rho GTPases, which appear to be relevant for synapse stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Flores-Muñoz
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Centro de Neurología Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias, Mención Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Francisca García-Rojas
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias, Mención Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología integrativa, CENFI, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Miguel A. Pérez
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología integrativa, CENFI, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar 2572007, Chile
| | - Odra Santander
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias, Mención Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología integrativa, CENFI, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Elena Mery
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Centro de Neurología Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile
| | - Stefany Ordenes
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Centro de Neurología Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias, Mención Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Javiera Illanes-González
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Centro de Neurología Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias, Mención Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Daniela López-Espíndola
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2529002, Chile
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar 2529002, Chile
| | - Arlek M. González-Jamett
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Marco Fuenzalida
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología integrativa, CENFI, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (A.D.M.); (Á.O.A.)
| | - Agustín D. Martínez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (A.D.M.); (Á.O.A.)
| | - Álvaro O. Ardiles
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Centro de Neurología Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de estudios en salud, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar 2572007, Chile
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (A.D.M.); (Á.O.A.)
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Hendi A, Niu LG, Snow AW, Ikegami R, Wang ZW, Mizumoto K. Channel-independent function of UNC-9/Innexin in spatial arrangement of GABAergic synapses in C. elegans. eLife 2022; 11:80555. [PMID: 36378164 PMCID: PMC9665852 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise synaptic connection of neurons with their targets is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system. A plethora of signaling pathways act in concert to mediate the precise spatial arrangement of synaptic connections. Here we show a novel role for a gap junction protein in controlling tiled synaptic arrangement in the GABAergic motor neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans, in which their axons and synapses overlap minimally with their neighboring neurons within the same class. We found that while EGL-20/Wnt controls axonal tiling, their presynaptic tiling is mediated by a gap junction protein UNC-9/Innexin, that is localized at the presynaptic tiling border between neighboring dorsal D-type GABAergic motor neurons. Strikingly, the gap junction channel activity of UNC-9 is dispensable for its function in controlling tiled presynaptic patterning. While gap junctions are crucial for the proper functioning of the nervous system as channels, our finding uncovered the novel channel-independent role of UNC-9 in synapse patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardalan Hendi
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia
- Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia
| | - Long-Gang Niu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center
| | - Andrew William Snow
- Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, University of British Columbia
| | | | - Zhao-Wen Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center
| | - Kota Mizumoto
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia
- Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia
- Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, University of British Columbia
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia
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Rusiecka OM, Tournier M, Molica F, Kwak BR. Pannexin1 channels-a potential therapeutic target in inflammation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1020826. [PMID: 36438559 PMCID: PMC9682086 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1020826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
An exaggerated inflammatory response is the hallmark of a plethora of disorders. ATP is a central signaling molecule that orchestrates the initiation and resolution of the inflammatory response by enhancing activation of the inflammasome, leukocyte recruitment and activation of T cells. ATP can be released from cells through pannexin (Panx) channels, a family of glycoproteins consisting of three members, Panx1, Panx2, and Panx3. Panx1 is ubiquitously expressed and forms heptameric channels in the plasma membrane mediating paracrine and autocrine signaling. Besides their involvement in the inflammatory response, Panx1 channels have been shown to contribute to different modes of cell death (i.e., pyroptosis, necrosis and apoptosis). Both genetic ablation and pharmacological inhibition of Panx1 channels decrease inflammation in vivo and contribute to a better outcome in several animal models of inflammatory disease involving various organs, including the brain, lung, kidney and heart. Up to date, several molecules have been identified to inhibit Panx1 channels, for instance probenecid (Pbn), mefloquine (Mfq), flufenamic acid (FFA), carbenoxolone (Cbx) or mimetic peptides like 10Panx1. Unfortunately, the vast majority of these compounds lack specificity and/or serum stability, which limits their application. The recent availability of detailed structural information on the Panx1 channel from cryo-electron microscopy studies may open up innovative approaches to acquire new classes of synthetic Panx1 channel blockers with high target specificity. Selective inhibition of Panx1 channels may not only limit acute inflammatory responses but may also prove useful in chronic inflammatory diseases, thereby improving human health. Here, we reviewed the current knowledge on the role of Panx1 in the initiation and resolution of the inflammatory response, we summarized the effects of Panx1 inhibition in inflammatory pathologies and recapitulate current Panx1 channel pharmacology with an outlook towards future approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga M. Rusiecka
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Malaury Tournier
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Filippo Molica
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Brenda R. Kwak
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Abstract
Pannexin-1 (Panx1) channels contribute to neurological disorders, including stroke and epilepsy, where their function has been linked to N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors (NMDARs). We discovered that Ca2+ entry via NMDARs recruits endoplasmic reticulum–resident STIM proteins to activate Panx1 by binding to a hydrophobic region localized to the Panx1 N terminus. Using loss-of-function approaches, combined with molecular replacement and use of a STIM/Panx1 function–blocking antibody, we demonstrate that disrupting the STIM/Panx1 interaction prevents Panx1 activation by NMDARs, but not by hypotonic stimuli. Thus, our findings serve as a basis for the design of modality-specific inhibitors against STIM-dependent Panx1 activation that will aid in understanding the multimodal functions of Panx1 and their contribution to physiology and pathology. Pannexin-1 (Panx1) is a large-pore ion and solute permeable channel highly expressed in the nervous system, where it subserves diverse processes, including neurite outgrowth, dendritic spine formation, and N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (NMDAR)-dependent plasticity. Moreover, Panx1 dysregulation contributes to neurological disorders, including neuropathic pain, epilepsy, and excitotoxicity. Despite progress in understanding physiological and pathological functions of Panx1, the mechanisms that regulate its activity, including its ion and solute permeability, remain poorly understood. In this study, we identify endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident stromal interaction molecules (STIM1/2), which are Ca2+ sensors that communicate events within the ER to plasma membrane channels, as binding and signaling partners of Panx1. We demonstrate that Panx1 is activated to its large-pore configuration in response to stimuli that recruit STIM1/2 and map the interaction interface to a hydrophobic region within the N terminus of Panx1. We further characterize a Panx1 N terminus–recognizing antibody as a function-blocking tool able to prevent large-pore Panx1 activation by STIM1/2. Using either the function-blocking antibody or re-expression of Panx1 deletion mutants in Panx1 knockout (KO) neurons, we show that STIM recruitment couples Ca2+ entry via NMDARs to Panx1 activation, thereby identifying a model of NMDAR-STIM-Panx1 signaling in neurons. Our study highlights a previously unrecognized and important role of the Panx1 N terminus in regulating channel activation and membrane localization. Considering past work demonstrating an intimate functional relation between NMDARs and Panx1, our study opens avenues for understanding activation modality and context-specific functions of Panx1, including functions linked to diverse STIM-regulated cellular responses.
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36
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Li S. Detergents and alternatives in cryo-EM studies of membrane proteins. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:1049-1056. [PMID: 35866608 PMCID: PMC9828306 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Structure determination of membrane proteins has been a long-standing challenge to understand the molecular basis of life processes. Detergents are widely used to study the structure and function of membrane proteins by various experimental methods, and the application of membrane mimetics is also a prevalent trend in the field of cryo-EM analysis. This review focuses on the widely-used detergents and corresponding properties and structures, and also discusses the growing interests in membrane mimetic systems used in cryo-EM studies, providing insights into the role of detergent alternatives in structure determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- />Department of Life ScienceNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaBeijing100085China
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Leroy K, Vilas-Boas V, Gijbels E, Vanderborght B, Devisscher L, Cogliati B, Van Den Bossche B, Colle I, Vinken M. Expression of connexins and pannexins in diseased human liver. EXCLI JOURNAL 2022; 21:1111-1129. [PMID: 36381643 PMCID: PMC9650699 DOI: 10.17179/excli2022-5163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Connexin proteins can form hexameric hemichannels and gap junctions that mediate paracrine and direct intercellular communication, respectively. Gap junction activity is crucial for the maintenance of hepatic homeostasis, while connexin hemichannels become particularly active in liver disease, such as hepatitis, fibrosis, cholestasis or even hepatocellular carcinoma. Channels consisting of connexin-like proteins named pannexins have been directly linked to liver inflammation and cell death. The goal of the present study was to characterize the expression and subcellular localization of connexins and pannexins in liver of patients suffering from various chronic and neoplastic liver diseases. Specifically, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry analyses were performed on human liver biopsies. It was found that pannexin1 and pannexin2 gene expression are correlated to a certain degree, as is pannexin1 protein expression with connexin32 and connexin43 protein expression. Furthermore, this study is the first to detect pannexin3 in human patient liver biopsies via both immunoblot and immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaat Leroy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vânia Vilas-Boas
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eva Gijbels
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bart Vanderborght
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Gut-Liver Immunopharmacology Unit, Universiteit Gent, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Lindsey Devisscher
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Gut-Liver Immunopharmacology Unit, Universiteit Gent, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bert Van Den Bossche
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis Campus Aalst, Merestraat 80, 9300 Aalst, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Colle
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis Campus Aalst, Merestraat 80, 9300 Aalst, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Mathieu Vinken, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Tel.: +3224774587, E-mail:
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Rougé S, Genetet S, Leal Denis MF, Dussiot M, Schwarzbaum PJ, Ostuni MA, Mouro-Chanteloup I. Mechanosensitive Pannexin 1 Activity Is Modulated by Stomatin in Human Red Blood Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169401. [PMID: 36012667 PMCID: PMC9409209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pannexin 1 (PANX1) was proposed to drive ATP release from red blood cells (RBCs) in response to stress conditions. Stomatin, a membrane protein regulating mechanosensitive channels, has been proposed to modulate PANX1 activity in non-erythroid cells. To determine whether stomatin modulates PANX1 activity in an erythroid context, we have (i) assessed the in situ stomatin-PANX1 interaction in RBCs, (ii) measured PANX1-stimulated activity in RBCs expressing stomatin or from OverHydrated Hereditary Stomatocytosis (OHSt) patients lacking stomatin, and in erythroid K562 cells invalidated for stomatin. Proximity Ligation Assay coupled with flow imaging shows 27.09% and 6.13% positive events in control and OHSt RBCs, respectively. The uptake of dyes 5(6)-Carboxyfluorescein (CF) and TO-PRO-3 was used to evaluate PANX1 activity. RBC permeability for CF is 34% and 11.8% in control and OHSt RBCs, respectively. PANX1 permeability for TO-PRO-3 is 35.72% and 18.42% in K562 stom+ and stom− clones, respectively. These results suggest an interaction between PANX1 and stomatin in human RBCs and show a significant defect in PANX1 activity in the absence of stomatin. Based on these results, we propose that stomatin plays a major role in opening the PANX1 pore by being involved in a caspase-independent lifting of autoinhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Rougé
- Université Paris Cité and Université des Antilles, INSERM U1134, BIGR, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Genetet
- Université Paris Cité and Université des Antilles, INSERM U1134, BIGR, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Maria Florencia Leal Denis
- Instituto de Química y Fisico-Química Biológicas “Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini”, UBA, CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Michael Dussiot
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1163, IMAGINE, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Pablo Julio Schwarzbaum
- Instituto de Química y Fisico-Química Biológicas “Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini”, UBA, CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariano Anibal Ostuni
- Université Paris Cité and Université des Antilles, INSERM U1134, BIGR, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Mouro-Chanteloup
- Université Paris Cité and Université des Antilles, INSERM U1134, BIGR, F-75014 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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Ball JB, Green-Fulgham SM, Watkins LR. Mechanisms of Microglia-Mediated Synapse Turnover and Synaptogenesis. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 218:102336. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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40
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Wu XW, Liu PP, Zou Y, Xu DF, Zhang ZQ, Cao LY, Lu-Fan, Xia LZ, Huang JL, Chen J, Xin CL, Huang ZH, Tan J, Wu QF, Li ZM. A novel heterozygous variant in PANX1 is associated with oocyte death and female infertility. J Assist Reprod Genet 2022; 39:1901-1908. [PMID: 35834089 PMCID: PMC9428072 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-022-02566-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Oocyte death is a severe clinical phenotype that causes female infertility and recurrent in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection failure. We aimed to identify pathogenic variants in a female infertility patient with oocyte death phenotype. METHODS Sanger sequencing was performed to screen PANX1 variants in the affected patient. Western blot analysis was used to check the effect of the variant on PANX1 glycosylation pattern in vitro. RESULTS We identified a novel PANX1 variant (NM_015368.4 c.86G > A, (p. Arg29Gln)) associated with the phenotype of oocyte death in a non-consanguineous family. This variant displayed an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern with reduced penetrance. Western blot analysis confirmed that the missense mutation of PANX1 (c.86G > A) altered the glycosylation pattern in HeLa cells. Moreover, the mutation effects on the function of PANX1 were weaker than recently reported variants. CONCLUSION Our findings expand the inheritance pattern of PANX1 variants to an autosomal dominant mode with reduced penetrance and enrich the variational spectrum of PANX1. These results help us to better understand the genetic basis of female infertility with oocyte death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Wu Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Pei-Pei Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China ,JXHC Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Zou
- JXHC Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China ,Central Laboratory, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ding-Fei Xu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qin Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Yun Cao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China ,JXHC Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu-Fan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China ,JXHC Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei-Zhen Xia
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-lv Huang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Cai-Lin Xin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Hui Huang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Tan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China ,JXHC Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiong-Fang Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeng-Ming Li
- JXHC Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
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41
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Hernandez CA, Eliseo E. The Role of Pannexin-1 Channels in HIV and NeuroHIV Pathogenesis. Cells 2022; 11:2245. [PMID: 35883688 PMCID: PMC9323506 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) enters the brain shortly after infection, leading to long-term neurological complications in half of the HIV-infected population, even in the current anti-retroviral therapy (ART) era. Despite decades of research, no biomarkers can objectively measure and, more importantly, predict the onset of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Several biomarkers have been proposed; however, most of them only reflect late events of neuronal damage. Our laboratory recently identified that ATP and PGE2, inflammatory molecules released through Pannexin-1 channels, are elevated in the serum of HIV-infected individuals compared to uninfected individuals and other inflammatory diseases. More importantly, high circulating ATP levels, but not PGE2, can predict a decline in cognition, suggesting that HIV-infected individuals have impaired ATP metabolism and associated signaling. We identified that Pannexin-1 channel opening contributes to the high serological ATP levels, and ATP in the circulation could be used as a biomarker of HIV-associated cognitive impairment. In addition, we believe that ATP is a major contributor to chronic inflammation in the HIV-infected population, even in the anti-retroviral era. Here, we discuss the mechanisms associated with Pannexin-1 channel opening within the circulation, as well as within the resident viral reservoirs, ATP dysregulation, and cognitive disease observed in the HIV-infected population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eugenin Eliseo
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
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42
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Burboa PC, Puebla M, Gaete PS, Durán WN, Lillo MA. Connexin and Pannexin Large-Pore Channels in Microcirculation and Neurovascular Coupling Function. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137303. [PMID: 35806312 PMCID: PMC9266979 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcirculation homeostasis depends on several channels permeable to ions and/or small molecules that facilitate the regulation of the vasomotor tone, hyperpermeability, the blood–brain barrier, and the neurovascular coupling function. Connexin (Cxs) and Pannexin (Panxs) large-pore channel proteins are implicated in several aspects of vascular physiology. The permeation of ions (i.e., Ca2+) and key metabolites (ATP, prostaglandins, D-serine, etc.) through Cxs (i.e., gap junction channels or hemichannels) and Panxs proteins plays a vital role in intercellular communication and maintaining vascular homeostasis. Therefore, dysregulation or genetic pathologies associated with these channels promote deleterious tissue consequences. This review provides an overview of current knowledge concerning the physiological role of these large-pore molecule channels in microcirculation (arterioles, capillaries, venules) and in the neurovascular coupling function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pía C. Burboa
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (P.C.B.); (W.N.D.)
- Departamento de Morfología y Función, Facultad de Salud y Ciencias Sociales, Sede Santiago Centro, Universidad de las Américas, Avenue República 71, Santiago 8370040, Chile;
| | - Mariela Puebla
- Departamento de Morfología y Función, Facultad de Salud y Ciencias Sociales, Sede Santiago Centro, Universidad de las Américas, Avenue República 71, Santiago 8370040, Chile;
| | - Pablo S. Gaete
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Walter N. Durán
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (P.C.B.); (W.N.D.)
- Rutgers School of Graduate Studies, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Mauricio A. Lillo
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (P.C.B.); (W.N.D.)
- Correspondence:
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43
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McDouall A, Zhou KQ, Bennet L, Green CR, Gunn AJ, Davidson JO. Connexins, Pannexins and Gap Junctions in Perinatal Brain Injury. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1445. [PMID: 35740466 PMCID: PMC9220888 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal brain injury secondary to hypoxia-ischemia and/or infection/inflammation remains a major cause of disability. Therapeutic hypothermia significantly improves outcomes, but in randomized controlled trials nearly half of infants still died or survived with disability, showing that additional interventions are needed. There is growing evidence that brain injury spreads over time from injured to previously uninjured regions of the brain. At least in part, this spread is related to opening of connexin hemichannels and pannexin channels, both of which are large conductance membrane channels found in many brain cells. Opening of these membrane channels releases adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and other neuroactive molecules, into the extracellular space. ATP has an important role in normal signaling, but pathologically can trigger the assembly of the multi-protein inflammasome complex. The inflammasome complex promotes activation of inflammatory caspases, and release of inflammatory cytokines. Overall, the connexin hemichannel appears to play a primary role in propagation of injury and chronic disease, and connexin hemichannel blockade has been shown to be neuroprotective in multiple animal models. Thus, there is potential for some blockers of connexin or pannexin channels to be developed into targeted interventions that could be used in conjunction with or separate to therapeutic hypothermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice McDouall
- U1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (A.M.); (K.Q.Z.); (L.B.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Kelly Q. Zhou
- U1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (A.M.); (K.Q.Z.); (L.B.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Laura Bennet
- U1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (A.M.); (K.Q.Z.); (L.B.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Colin R. Green
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand;
| | - Alistair J. Gunn
- U1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (A.M.); (K.Q.Z.); (L.B.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Joanne O. Davidson
- U1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (A.M.); (K.Q.Z.); (L.B.); (A.J.G.)
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44
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Sawicka M, Dutzler R. Regulators of cell volume: The structural and functional properties of anion channels of the LRRC8 family. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2022; 74:102382. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2022.102382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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45
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Whyte-Fagundes P, Taskina D, Safarian N, Zoidl C, Carlen PL, Donaldson LW, Zoidl GR. Panx1 channels promote both anti- and pro-seizure-like activities in the zebrafish via p2rx7 receptors and ATP signaling. Commun Biol 2022; 5:472. [PMID: 35585187 PMCID: PMC9117279 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03356-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of excitation/inhibition imbalances promoting seizure generation in epilepsy patients are not fully understood. Evidence suggests that Pannexin1 (Panx1), an ATP release channel, modulates the excitability of the brain. In this report, we performed electrophysiological, behavioral, and molecular phenotyping experiments on zebrafish larvae bearing genetic or pharmacological knockouts of Panx1a and Panx1b channels, each homologous to human PANX1. When Panx1a function is lost, or both channels are under pharmacological blockade, seizures with ictal-like events and seizure-like locomotion are reduced in the presence of pentylenetetrazol. Transcriptome profiling by RNA-seq demonstrates a spectrum of distinct metabolic and cell signaling states which correlate with the loss of Panx1a. Furthermore, the pro- and anticonvulsant activities of both Panx1 channels affect ATP release and involve the purinergic receptor P2rx7. Our findings suggest a subfunctionalization of Panx1 enabling dual roles in seizures, providing a unique and comprehensive perspective to understanding seizure mechanisms in the context of this channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige Whyte-Fagundes
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J1P3, Canada.
- Center of Vision Research (CVR), York University, Toronto, ON, M3J1P3, Canada.
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Ave, Toronto, ON, M5T 1M8, Canada.
| | - Daria Taskina
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J1P3, Canada
- Center of Vision Research (CVR), York University, Toronto, ON, M3J1P3, Canada
| | - Nickie Safarian
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J1P3, Canada
- Center of Vision Research (CVR), York University, Toronto, ON, M3J1P3, Canada
| | - Christiane Zoidl
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J1P3, Canada
- Center of Vision Research (CVR), York University, Toronto, ON, M3J1P3, Canada
| | - Peter L Carlen
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Ave, Toronto, ON, M5T 1M8, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Physiology and BME, University of Toronto, 399 Bathurst St., 5w442, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | | | - Georg R Zoidl
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J1P3, Canada.
- Center of Vision Research (CVR), York University, Toronto, ON, M3J1P3, Canada.
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Ave, Toronto, ON, M5T 1M8, Canada.
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46
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Nadeali Z, Mohammad-Rezaei F, Aria H, Nikpour P. Possible role of pannexin 1 channels and purinergic receptors in the pathogenesis and mechanism of action of SARS-CoV-2 and therapeutic potential of targeting them in COVID-19. Life Sci 2022; 297:120482. [PMID: 35288174 PMCID: PMC8915746 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Identifying signaling pathways and molecules involved in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis is pivotal for developing new effective therapeutic or preventive strategies for COVID-19. Pannexins (PANX) are ATP-release channels in the plasma membrane essential in many physiological and immune responses. Activation of pannexin channels and downstream purinergic receptors play dual roles in viral infection, either by facilitating viral replication and infection or inducing host antiviral defense. The current review provides a hypothesis demonstrating the possible contribution of the PANX1 channel and purinergic receptors in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and mechanism of action. Moreover, we discuss whether targeting these signaling pathways may provide promising preventative therapies and treatments for patients with progressive COVID-19 resulting from excessive pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines production. Several inhibitors of this pathway have been developed for the treatment of other viral infections and pathological consequences. Specific PANX1 inhibitors could be potentially included as part of the COVID-19 treatment regimen if, in future, studies demonstrate the role of PANX1 in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Of note, any ATP therapeutic modulation for COVID-19 should be carefully designed and monitored because of the complex role of extracellular ATP in cellular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakiye Nadeali
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohammad-Rezaei
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Aria
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Nikpour
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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47
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Crocetti L, Guerrini G, Giovannoni MP, Melani F, Lamanna S, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Lucarini E, Ghelardini C, Wang J, Dahl G. New Panx-1 Blockers: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Dynamic Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4827. [PMID: 35563213 PMCID: PMC9103715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The channel protein Panx-1 is involved in some pathologies, such as epilepsy, ischemic stroke, cancer and Parkinson's disease, as well as in neuropathic pain. These observations make Panx-1 an interesting biological target. We previously published some potent indole derivatives as Panx-1 blockers, and as continuation of the research in this field we report here the studies on additional chemical scaffolds, naphthalene and pyrazole, appropriately substituted with those functions that gave the best results as in our indole series (sulphonamide functions and one/two carboxylic groups) and in Panx-1 blockers reported in the literature (sulphonic acid). Compounds 4 and 13, the latter being an analogue of the drug Probenecid, are the most potent Panx-1 blockers obtained in this study, with I = 97% and I = 93.7% at 50 µM, respectively. Both compounds, tested in a mouse model of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain, showed a similar anti-hypersensitivity profile and are able to significantly increase the mouse pain threshold 45 min after the injection of the doses of 1 nmol and 3 nmol. Finally, the molecular dynamic studies and the PCA analysis have made it possible to identify a discriminating factor able to separate active compounds from inactive ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Crocetti
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Gabriella Guerrini
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Giovannoni
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Melani
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Silvia Lamanna
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Lucarini
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami School of Medicine, 1600 N.W. 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Gerhard Dahl
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami School of Medicine, 1600 N.W. 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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48
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Quercetin induces pannexin 1 expression via an alternative transcript with a translationally active 5' leader in rhabdomyosarcoma. Oncogenesis 2022; 11:9. [PMID: 35194046 PMCID: PMC8864035 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-022-00384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a deadly cancer of skeletal muscle origin. Pannexin 1 (PANX1) is down-regulated in RMS and increasing its levels drastically inhibits RMS progression. PANX1 upregulation thus represents a prospective new treatment strategy for this malignancy. However, the mechanisms regulating PANX1 expression, in RMS and other contexts, remain largely unknown. Here we show that both RMS and normal skeletal muscle express a comparable amount of PANX1 mRNAs, but surprisingly the canonical 5′ untranslated region (5′ UTR) or 5′ leader of the transcript is completely lost in RMS. We uncover that quercetin, a natural plant flavonoid, increases PANX1 protein levels in RMS by inducing re-expression of a 5′ leader-containing PANX1 transcript variant that is efficiently translated. This particular PANX1 mRNA variant is also present in differentiated human skeletal muscle myoblasts (HSMM) that highly express PANX1. Mechanistically, abolishing ETV4 transcription factor binding sites in the PANX1 promoter significantly reduced the luciferase reporter activities and PANX1 5′ UTR levels, and both quercetin treatment in RMS cells and induction of differentiation in HSMM enriched the binding of ETV4 to its consensus element in the PANX1 promoter. Notably, quercetin treatment promoted RMS differentiation in a PANX1-dependent manner. Further showing its therapeutic potential, quercetin treatment prevented RMS in vitro tumor formation while inducing complete regression of established spheroids. Collectively, our results demonstrate the tumor-suppressive effects of quercetin in RMS and present a hitherto undescribed mechanism of PANX1 regulation via ETV4-mediated transcription of a translationally functional 5′ leader-containing PANX1 mRNA.
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Kuzuya M, Hirano H, Hayashida K, Watanabe M, Kobayashi K, Terada T, Mahmood MI, Tama F, Tani K, Fujiyoshi Y, Oshima A. Structures of human pannexin-1 in nanodiscs reveal gating mediated by dynamic movement of the N terminus and phospholipids. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabg6941. [PMID: 35133866 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abg6941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pannexin (PANX) family proteins form large-pore channels that mediate purinergic signaling. We analyzed the cryo-EM structures of human PANX1 in lipid nanodiscs to elucidate the gating mechanism and its regulation by the amino terminus in phospholipids. The wild-type channel has an amino-terminal funnel in the pore, but in the presence of the inhibitor probenecid, a cytoplasmically oriented amino terminus and phospholipids obstruct the pore. Functional analysis using whole-cell patch-clamp and oocyte voltage clamp showed that PANX1 lacking the amino terminus did not open and had a dominant negative effect on channel activity, thus confirming that the amino-terminal domain played an essential role in channel opening. These observations suggest that dynamic conformational changes in the amino terminus of human PANX1 are associated with lipid movement in and out of the pore. Moreover, the data provide insight into the gating mechanism of PANX1 and, more broadly, other large-pore channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Kuzuya
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hidemi Hirano
- Cellular and Structural Physiology Institute (CeSPI), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kenichi Hayashida
- Cellular and Structural Physiology Institute (CeSPI), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Watanabe
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - Tohru Terada
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyō-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Md Iqbal Mahmood
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Florence Tama
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Computational Science, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Tani
- Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fujiyoshi
- Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyō-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.,CeSPIA Inc., Otemachi, Chiyoda, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Atsunori Oshima
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.,Cellular and Structural Physiology Institute (CeSPI), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.,Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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50
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Mechanisms of Pannexin 1 (PANX1) Channel Mechanosensitivity and Its Pathological Roles. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031523. [PMID: 35163442 PMCID: PMC8836264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pannexins (PANX) were cloned based on their sequence homology to innexins (Inx), invertebrate gap junction proteins. Although there is no sequence homology between PANX and connexins (Cx), these proteins exhibit similar configurations. The PANX family has three members, PANX1, PANX2 and PANX3. Among them, PANX1 has been the most extensively studied. The PANX1 channels are activated by many factors, including high extracellular K+ ([K+]e), high intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i), Src family kinase (SFK)-mediated phosphorylation, caspase cleavage and mechanical stimuli. However, the mechanisms mediating this mechanosensitivity of PANX1 remain unknown. Both force-from-lipids and force-from-filaments models are proposed to explain the gating mechanisms of PANX1 channel mechanosensitivity. Finally, both the physiological and pathological roles of mechanosensitive PANX1 are discussed.
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