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Nagel R, Pohle K, Jordán L, Tuponja I, Stainfield C, Toscani C, Fox-Clarke C, Costantini D, Czirják GÁ, Forcada J, Hoffman JI. Life-history stage influences immune investment and oxidative stress in response to environmental heterogeneity in Antarctic fur seals. Commun Biol 2024; 7:788. [PMID: 38951600 PMCID: PMC11217341 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06499-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune defenses are crucial for survival but costly to develop and maintain. Increased immune investment is therefore hypothesized to trade-off with other life-history traits. Here, we examined innate and adaptive immune responses to environmental heterogeneity in wild Antarctic fur seals. In a fully crossed, repeated measures design, we sampled 100 pups and their mothers from colonies of contrasting density during seasons of contrasting food availability. Biometric and cortisol data as well as blood for the analysis of 13 immune and oxidative status markers were collected at two key life-history stages. We show that immune responses of pups are more responsive than adults to variation in food availability, but not population density, and are modulated by cortisol and condition. Immune investment is associated with different oxidative status markers in pups and mothers. Our results suggest that early life stages show greater sensitivity to extrinsic and intrinsic effectors, and that immunity may be a strong target for natural selection even in low-pathogen environments such as Antarctica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Nagel
- Department of Evolutionary Population Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany.
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany.
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TH, UK.
| | - Katja Pohle
- Department of Wildlife Diseases, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lilla Jordán
- Department of Wildlife Diseases, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| | - Iva Tuponja
- Department of Evolutionary Population Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Claire Stainfield
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 OET, UK
- Scotland's Rural College, Craibstone Estate, Ferguson Building, Aberdeen, AB21 9YA, UK
| | - Camille Toscani
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 OET, UK
| | - Cameron Fox-Clarke
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 OET, UK
| | - David Costantini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Gábor Á Czirják
- Department of Wildlife Diseases, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jaume Forcada
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 OET, UK
| | - Joseph I Hoffman
- Department of Evolutionary Population Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 OET, UK
- Center for Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
- Joint Institute for Individualisation in a Changing Environment, Bielefeld University and University of Münster, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
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Reference Intervals and Clinical Utility of Acute Phase Proteins and Serum Proteins Electrophoresis in the Hamadryas Baboon (Papio hamadryas). JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGICAL AND BOTANICAL GARDENS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/jzbg4010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Measurements of specific acute phase proteins (APP) and protein electrophoresis (EPH) fractions have been widely used to better assess the health of species under managed care across numerous taxa. To date, APP assays have not been validated in the hamadryas baboon (Papio hamadryas), and reference intervals have not yet been established. This information is critical for the interpretation of APP and EPH measurements used in the diagnosis of inflammatory diseases during routine veterinary care of this species. To obtain this information, banked serum samples from hamadryas baboons of various age, sex, and health status, under managed care at the North Carolina Zoo, were analyzed. A small pilot study found significantly higher serum amyloid A (SAA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) but not haptoglobin in baboons with acute inflammation compared to healthy counterparts, so these two APPs were investigated further. Reagents for serum amyloid A (SAA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were validated, although differences in CRP reagents were observed. Based on the results of this study, SAA and CRP were defined as major APPs that were significantly increased in baboons with active inflammation or infection compared to healthy conspecifics. Baboons with acute inflammation additionally had significantly higher gamma globulins compared to healthy baboons. Although mean albumin concentrations were lower in baboons with acute inflammation, the difference from healthy baboons was not statistically significant. This study identifies SAA, CRP, and EPH as useful tools in the diagnosis of inflammatory disease in the hamadryas baboon and establishes reference intervals to aid in the future veterinary care of this species.
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Hooijberg EH, Cray C. Acute phase reactants in nondomesticated mammals-A veterinary clinical pathology perspective. Vet Clin Pathol 2023; 52 Suppl 1:19-36. [PMID: 36289012 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Applications for acute phase reactants (APRs) in nondomesticated mammals include identifying inflammatory disease, monitoring the course of specific disease processes and recovery during rehabilitation, detecting preclinical or subclinical disease, being used as bioindicators for monitoring population and ecosystem health, and as markers of stress and animal welfare. Serum amyloid A, haptoglobin, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, albumin, and iron are most commonly measured. The procedure for evaluating an APR in a nondomesticated mammalian species should follow a stepwise approach beginning with an assessment of analytical performance, followed by an evaluation of overlap performance, clinical performance, and impact on patient outcomes and management. The lack of species-specific standards and antibodies for nondomesticated mammals presents a challenge, and more attention needs to be focused on assessing cross-reactivity and ensuring adequate analytical performance of APR assays. Sample selection for the initial evaluation of APRs should consider preanalytical influences and should originate from animals with confirmed inflammatory disease and healthy animals. Reference intervals should be generated according to published guidelines. Further evaluation should focus on assessing the diagnostic utility of APRs in specific disease scenarios relevant to a species. Greater attention should be paid to assay performance and uniformity of methods when using APRs for population and ecosystem surveillance. Veterinary clinical pathologists should work closely with zoo veterinarians and wildlife researchers to optimize the accuracy and utility of APR measurements in these various conservation medicine scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma H Hooijberg
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies and Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Research, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Carolyn Cray
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and hemoglobin-binding protein in free-living box turtles (Terrapene spp.). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234805. [PMID: 32555669 PMCID: PMC7299368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The acute phase response is a highly conserved reaction to infection, inflammation, trauma, stress, and neoplasia. Acute phase assays are useful for wildlife health assessment, however, they are infrequently utilized in reptiles. This study evaluated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in eastern (Terrapene carolina carolina) and ornate box turtles (Terrapene ornata ornata) and hemoglobin-binding protein (HBP) in T. ornata. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate in 90 T. carolina and 105 T. ornata was negatively associated with packed cell volume and was greater in unhealthy turtles (p < 0.05). Female T. ornata had higher ESR values than males (p < 0.05). Measurement of ESR with a microhematocrit tube proportionally overestimated values from a commercial kit (Winpette), though both methods may retain utility with separate reference intervals. Hemoglobin-binding protein concentration in 184 T. ornata was significantly increased in adults and unhealthy turtles (p < 0.05). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate values were similar between seasons and populations, and HBP values were consistent between years, indicating that these analytes may have more stable baseline values than traditional health metrics in reptiles. This study demonstrates that ESR and HBP are promising diagnostics for health assessment in wild box turtles. Incorporating these tests into wild herptile health assessment protocols may support conservation efforts and improve ecosystem health monitoring.
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Hooijberg EH, Cray C, Steenkamp G, Buss P, Goddard A, Miller M. Assessment of the Acute Phase Response in Healthy and Injured Southern White Rhinoceros (C eratotherium simum simum). Front Vet Sci 2020; 6:475. [PMID: 31998761 PMCID: PMC6962144 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute phase reactants (APRs) have not been investigated in white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum). This study aimed to identify clinically useful APRs in this species. Reference intervals (RIs) were generated for albumin, fibrinogen, haptoglobin, iron and serum amyloid A (SAA) from 48 free-ranging animals, except for SAA (n = 23). APR concentrations between healthy animals and those with tissue injury (inflammation) (n = 30) were compared. Diagnostic performance was evaluated using receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve and logistic regression analyses. RIs were: albumin 18–31 g/L, fibrinogen 1.7–2.9 g/L, haptoglobin 1.0–4.3 g/L, iron 9.7–35.0 μmol/L, SAA <20 mg/L. Iron and albumin were lower and fibrinogen, haptoglobin and SAA higher in injured vs. healthy animals. Iron showed the best diagnostic accuracy followed by fibrinogen, albumin, haptoglobin and SAA. Iron ≤ 15.1 μmol/L and haptoglobin >4.7 g/L were significant predictors of inflammatory status and together correctly predicted the clinical status of 91% of cases. SAA > 20 mg/L had a specificity of 100%. In conclusion, albumin and iron are negative and fibrinogen, haptoglobin and SAA positive APRs in the white rhinoceros. The combination of iron and haptoglobin had an excellent diagnostic accuracy for detecting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma H Hooijberg
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies & Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Carolyn Cray
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Gerhard Steenkamp
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies & Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Peter Buss
- Veterinary Wildlife Services, South African National Parks, Kruger National Park, Skukuza, South Africa
| | - Amelia Goddard
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies & Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Michele Miller
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Science and Technology-National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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REGIONAL AND AGE-RELATED VARIATIONS IN HAPTOGLOBIN CONCENTRATIONS IN STELLER SEA LIONS (EUMETOPIAS JUBATUS) FROM ALASKA, USA. J Wildl Dis 2019; 55:91-104. [DOI: 10.7589/2017-10-257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Horning M, Haulena M, Rosenberg JF, Nordstrom C. Intraperitoneal implantation of life-long telemetry transmitters in three rehabilitated harbor seal pups. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:139. [PMID: 28545460 PMCID: PMC5445380 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pinnipeds, including many phocid species of concern, are inaccessible and difficult to monitor for extended periods using conventional, externally attached telemetry devices that are shed during the annual molt. Archival satellite transmitters were implanted intraperitoneally into three stranded Pacific harbor seal pups (Phoca vitulina richardii) that completed rehabilitation, to evaluate the viability of this surgical technique for the deployment of life long telemetry devices in phocids. The life history transmitters record information throughout the life of the host and transmit data to orbiting satellites after extrusion following death. RESULTS Surgeries were performed under general anesthesia and a single transmitter was inserted into the ventrocaudal abdominal cavity via a 7-8 cm incision along the ventral midline between the umbilicus and pubic symphysis or preputial opening in each animal. Surgeries lasted from 45 to 51 min, and anesthesic times ranged from 55 to 79 min. All animals recovered well, were released into dry holding pens overnight, and were given access to water the following day. All three animals exhibited an expected inflammatory response, with acute phase responses lasting approximately three to four weeks. All three animals were tracked via externally attached satellite transmitters after release at 58 to 78 days following surgery, and minimum post-release survival was confirmed through continued movement data received over 278 to 289 days. CONCLUSION The initial findings of low morbidity and zero mortality encountered during captive observation and post-release tracking periods support the viability of this surgical technique for the implantation of long-term telemetry devices in phocids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Horning
- Alaska SeaLife Center, 301 Railway Avenue, Seward, AK, 99664, USA. .,Oregon State University, 2030 SE Marine Science Drive, Newport, OR, 97365, USA.
| | - Martin Haulena
- Vancouver Aquarium, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver, BC, V6G 3E2, Canada
| | | | - Chad Nordstrom
- Vancouver Aquarium, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver, BC, V6G 3E2, Canada
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ACUTE PHASE PROTEIN AND ELECTROPHORESIS PROTEIN FRACTION VALUES FOR CAPTIVE AMERICAN FLAMINGOS (PHOENICOPTERUS RUBER). J Zoo Wildl Med 2015; 46:929-33. [DOI: 10.1638/2014-0191.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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The Effect of Novel Research Activities on Long-term Survival of Temporarily Captive Steller Sea Lions (Eumetopias jubatus). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141948. [PMID: 26580549 PMCID: PMC4651490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel research approaches were developed to facilitate controlled access to, and long-term monitoring of, juvenile Steller sea lions for periods longer than typically afforded by traditional fieldwork. The Transient Juvenile Steller sea lion Project at the Alaska SeaLife Center facilitated nutritional, physiological, and behavioral studies on the platform of temporary captivity. Temporarily captive sea lions (TJs, n = 35) were studied, and were intraperitoneally implanted with Life History Transmitters (LHX tags) to determine causes of mortality post-release. Our goal was to evaluate the potential for long-term impacts of temporary captivity and telemetry implants on the survival of study individuals. A simple open-population Cormack-Jolly-Seber mark-recapture model was built in program MARK, incorporating resightings of uniquely branded study individuals gathered by several contributing institutions. A priori models were developed to weigh the evidence of effects of experimental treatment on survival with covariates of sex, age, capture age, cohort, and age class. We compared survival of experimental treatment to a control group of n = 27 free-ranging animals (FRs) that were sampled during capture events and immediately released. Sex has previously been show to differentially affect juvenile survival in Steller sea lions. Therefore, sex was included in all models to account for unbalanced sex ratios within the experimental group. Considerable support was identified for the effects of sex, accounting for over 71% of total weight for all a priori models with delta AICc <5, and over 91% of model weight after removal of pretending variables. Overall, most support was found for the most parsimonious model based on sex and excluding experimental treatment. Models including experimental treatment were not supported after post-hoc considerations of model selection criteria. However, given the limited sample size, alternate models including effects of experimental treatments remain possible and effects may yet become apparent in larger sample sizes.
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Shuert C, Mellish J, Horning M. Physiological predictors of long-term survival in juvenile Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus). CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 3:cov043. [PMID: 27293728 PMCID: PMC4778442 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cov043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study builds on a continued effort to document potential long-term research impacts on the individual, as well as to identify potential markers of survival for use in a field framework. The Transient Juvenile Steller sea lion (TJ) project was developed as a novel framework to gain access to wild individuals. We used three analyses to evaluate and predict long-term survival in temporarily captive sea lions (n = 45) through Cormack-Jolly-Seber open population modelling techniques. The first analysis investigated survival in relation to the observed responses to handling stress through changes in six principal blood parameters over the duration of captivity. The second analysis evaluated survival compared with body condition and mass at entry and exit from captivity. Finally, the third analysis sought to evaluate the efficacy of single-point sampling to project similar survival trends for use in field sampling operations. Results from a priori models ranked through Akaike information criterion model selection methods indicated that mass gains (4.2 ± 12%) over captivity and increases in leucocytes (WBC, 1.01 ± 3.54 × 10(3)/mm(3)) resulted in a higher average survival rate (>3 years). Minor support was identified for the single-point measures of exit mass and entry WBC. A higher exit mass predicted a higher survival rate, whereas a higher WBC predicted a lower survival rate. While changes in mass and WBC appear to be the best predictors of survival when measured as a change over time, single-point sampling may still be an effective way to improve estimates of population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Shuert
- School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
- Alaska SeaLife Center, 301 Railway Avenue, Seward, AK 99664, USA
| | - J. Mellish
- School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
- Alaska SeaLife Center, 301 Railway Avenue, Seward, AK 99664, USA
- North Pacific Research Board, Anchorage, AK 99501, USA
| | - M. Horning
- Alaska SeaLife Center, 301 Railway Avenue, Seward, AK 99664, USA
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Newport, OR 97365, USA
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Peck HE, Costa DP, Crocker DE. Body reserves influence allocation to immune responses in capital breeding female northern elephant seals. Funct Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E. Peck
- Department of Biology Sonoma State University Rohnert Park California94928 USA
| | | | - Daniel E. Crocker
- Department of Biology Sonoma State University Rohnert Park California94928 USA
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Neely BA, Ferrante JA, Chaves JM, Soper JL, Almeida JS, Arthur JM, Gulland FMD, Janech MG. Proteomic Analysis of Plasma from California Sea Lions (Zalophus californianus) Reveals Apolipoprotein E as a Candidate Biomarker of Chronic Domoic Acid Toxicosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123295. [PMID: 25919366 PMCID: PMC4412824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Domoic acid toxicosis (DAT) in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) is caused by exposure to the marine biotoxin domoic acid and has been linked to massive stranding events and mortality. Diagnosis is based on clinical signs in addition to the presence of domoic acid in body fluids. Chronic DAT further is characterized by reoccurring seizures progressing to status epilepticus. Diagnosis of chronic DAT is often slow and problematic, and minimally invasive tests for DAT have been the focus of numerous recent biomarker studies. The goal of this study was to retrospectively profile plasma proteins in a population of sea lions with chronic DAT and those without DAT using two dimensional gel electrophoresis to discover whether individual, multiple, or combinations of protein and clinical data could be utilized to identify sea lions with DAT. Using a training set of 32 sea lion sera, 20 proteins and their isoforms were identified that were significantly different between the two groups (p<0.05). Interestingly, 11 apolipoprotein E (ApoE) charge forms were decreased in DAT samples, indicating that ApoE charge form distributions may be important in the progression of DAT. In order to develop a classifier of chronic DAT, an independent blinded test set of 20 sea lions, seven with chronic DAT, was used to validate models utilizing ApoE charge forms and eosinophil counts. The resulting support vector machine had high sensitivity (85.7% with 92.3% negative predictive value) and high specificity (92.3% with 85.7% positive predictive value). These results suggest that ApoE and eosinophil counts along with machine learning can perform as a robust and accurate tool to diagnose chronic DAT. Although this analysis is specifically focused on blood biomarkers and routine clinical data, the results demonstrate promise for future studies combining additional variables in multidimensional space to create robust classifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. Neely
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - Jason A. Ferrante
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
- Grice Marine Laboratory, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - J. Mauro Chaves
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | | | - Jonas S. Almeida
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Stony Brook University, Long Island, NY, United States of America
| | - John M. Arthur
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | | | - Michael G. Janech
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
- Grice Marine Laboratory, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, United States of America
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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PLASMA ELECTROPHORETIC PROFILES AND HEMOGLOBIN BINDING PROTEIN REFERENCE INTERVALS IN THE EASTERN BOX TURTLE (TERRAPENE CAROLINA CAROLINA) AND INFLUENCES OF AGE, SEX, SEASON, AND LOCATION. J Zoo Wildl Med 2014; 45:836-42. [DOI: 10.1638/2014-0035.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Assessement of serum amyloid A levels in the rehabilitation setting in the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris). J Zoo Wildl Med 2014; 44:911-7. [PMID: 24450049 DOI: 10.1638/2012-0270r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The acute phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA) has been previously shown to have value as a biomarker of inflammation and infection in many species, including manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris). In the current study, results from an automated assay for SAA were used in a rehabilitation setting. Reference intervals were established from clinically normal manatees using the robust method: 0-46 mg/L. More than 30-fold higher mean SAA levels were observed in manatees suffering from cold stress and boat-related trauma. Poor correlations were observed between SAA and total white blood count, percentage of neutrophils, albumin, and albumin/globulin ratio. A moderate correlation was observed between SAA and the presence of nucleated red blood cells. The sensitivity of SAA testing was 93% and the specificity was 98%, representing the highest combined values of all the analytes. The results indicate that the automated method for SAA quantitation can provide important clinical data for manatees in a rehabilitation setting.
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Frouin H, Haulena M, Akhurst L, Raverty S, Ross P. Immune status and function in harbor seal pups during the course of rehabilitation. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2013; 155:98-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cray C, Arheart KL, Hunt M, Clauss T, Leppert LL, Roberts K, McCulloch SD, Goldstein JD, Gonzalez C, Sweeney J, Stone R, Fair PA, Bossart GD. Acute phase protein quantitation in serum samples from healthy Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). J Vet Diagn Invest 2012; 25:107-11. [PMID: 23242666 DOI: 10.1177/1040638712467986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute phase proteins (APPs) have been studied in many companion and large animals and have been reported to have a differential sensitivity to traditional markers of inflammation. Studies have been performed indicating the conservation of these proteins as well as the application and cross-reactivity of automated assays among different species, but few reports have detailed APPs in marine mammal species. In the present study, automated assays were utilized to generate reference intervals for C-reactive protein, haptoglobin, and serum amyloid A using 44 serum samples from healthy Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). A total of 25 samples were obtained from dolphins under human care and 19 samples were obtained from free-ranging dolphins. Mild yet statistically significant differences were observed in levels of haptoglobin and serum amyloid A between these groups. The reference intervals from the combined groups were as follows: C-reactive protein 3.1-19.7 mg/l, haptoglobin 0-0.37 mg/ml, and serum amyloid A 17.5-42.9 mg/l. These baseline data should provide an important foundation for future studies of the application of APP quantitation in monitoring the health and stressors of dolphins under human care and with live capture of free-ranging dolphins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Cray
- Division of Comparative Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960 (R-46), Miami, FL 33101, USA.
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Marchal J, Dorieux O, Haro L, Aujard F, Perret M. Characterization of blood biochemical markers during aging in the Grey Mouse Lemur (Microcebus murinus): impact of gender and season. BMC Vet Res 2012; 8:211. [PMID: 23131178 PMCID: PMC3514280 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematologic and biochemical data are needed to characterize the health status of animal populations over time to determine the habitat quality and captivity conditions. Blood components and the chemical entities that they transport change predominantly with sex and age. The aim of this study was to utilize blood chemistry monitoring to establish the reference levels in a small prosimian primate, the Grey Mouse Lemur (Microcebus murinus). METHOD In the captive colony, mouse lemurs may live 10-12 years, and three age groups for both males and females were studied: young (1-3 years), middle-aged (4-5 years) and old (6-10 years). Blood biochemical markers were measured using the VetScan Comprehensive Diagnostic Profile. Because many life history traits of this primate are highly dependent on the photoperiod (body mass and reproduction), the effect of season was also assessed. RESULTS The main effect of age was observed in blood markers of renal functions such as creatinine, which was higher among females. Additionally, blood urea nitrogen significantly increased with age and is potentially linked to chronic renal insufficiency, which has been described in captive mouse lemurs. The results demonstrated significant effects related to season, especially in blood protein levels and glucose rates; these effects were observed regardless of gender or age and were likely due to seasonal variations in food intake, which is very marked in this species. CONCLUSION These results were highly similar with those obtained in other primate species and can serve as references for future research of the Grey Mouse Lemur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Marchal
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, UMR 7179 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Equipe Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, 1 Avenue du Petit Château, Brunoy 91800, France
| | - Olène Dorieux
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, UMR 7179 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Equipe Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, 1 Avenue du Petit Château, Brunoy 91800, France
| | - Laurine Haro
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, UMR 7179 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Equipe Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, 1 Avenue du Petit Château, Brunoy 91800, France
| | - Fabienne Aujard
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, UMR 7179 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Equipe Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, 1 Avenue du Petit Château, Brunoy 91800, France
| | - Martine Perret
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, UMR 7179 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Equipe Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, 1 Avenue du Petit Château, Brunoy 91800, France
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Mellish JAE, Hindle AG, Horning M. Health and condition in the adult Weddell seal of McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. ZOOLOGY 2011; 114:177-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2010.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 11/06/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Use of femur bone density to segregate wild from farmed Dybowski's frog (Rana dybowskii). Forensic Sci Int 2011; 207:61-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2010] [Revised: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kakuschke A, Erbsloeh HB, Griesel S, Prange A. Acute phase protein haptoglobin in blood plasma samples of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) of the Wadden Sea and of the isle Helgoland. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2009; 155:67-71. [PMID: 19818410 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2009] [Revised: 10/01/2009] [Accepted: 10/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Haptoglobin (Hp) which is synthesized in response to infection, inflammation, trauma or toxicological damage is known as a major acute phase protein in numerous species. Quantification of the circulating concentration of this protein can provide an objective measure of the health status, but there is a lack of investigations on harbour seals. We investigated the Hp concentration in samples of 123 seals (Phoca vitulina) from the German and Danish Wadden Sea to study physiological ranges of Hp levels. Hp levels between 2002, the end of the phocine distemper virus epidemic (PDV), and 2007 were considered, and Hp concentrations between animals of different sex, ages as well as living areas were compared. Furthermore, as a case study, six animals from the open sea isle Helgoland were investigated in 2006. Influences on the health status of the seal population e.g. the PDV epidemic were reflected by increased Hp levels in North Sea seals in 2002. The results of the Wadden Sea seals showed no significant age-, sex-, or geographical area-related differences. Interestingly, for the seals of the open sea isle Helgoland higher Hp values were measured compared to the Wadden Sea seals. The present study demonstrates that Hp can be used as a diagnostic tool to monitor the health status of harbour seals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kakuschke
- GKSS Research Centre, Institute for Coastal Research, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
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Rosenfeld H, Lassen S, Prange A. Characterization of Haptoglobin in the Blood Plasma of Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina). J Proteome Res 2009; 8:2923-32. [DOI: 10.1021/pr900035s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henning Rosenfeld
- GKSS Research Centre, Institute for Coastal Research, Department for Marine Bioanalytical Chemistry, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Stephan Lassen
- GKSS Research Centre, Institute for Coastal Research, Department for Marine Bioanalytical Chemistry, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Andreas Prange
- GKSS Research Centre, Institute for Coastal Research, Department for Marine Bioanalytical Chemistry, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany
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