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Afsharnoori F, Forouzandeh Moghadam M. Isolation and characterization of a novel single-chain variable fragment (scFv) against Lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) using phage display method. Med Oncol 2023; 41:15. [PMID: 38078968 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02242-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Lymphocyte function-associated antigene-1 (LFA-1) is a well-described integrin found on lymphocytes and other leukocytes, which is known to be overexpressed in leukemias and lymphomas. This receptor plays a significant role in immune responses such as T-cell activation, leukocyte cell-cell interactions, and trafficking of leukocyte populations. Subsequently, binders of LFA-1 emerge as potential candidates for cancer and autoimmune therapy. This study used the phage display technique to construct and characterize a high-affinity single-chain fragment variable (scFv) antibody against LFA-1. After expression, purification, dialysis, and concentration of the recombinant LFA-1 protein, four female BALB/c mice were immunized, splenocyte's mRNA was extracted, and cDNA was synthesized. A scFv library was constructed by linking the amplified VH/Vκ fragments through a 72-bp linker using SOEing PCR. Next, the scFv gene fragments were cloned into the pComb-3XSS phagemid vector; thus, the phage library was developed. The selection process involved three rounds of phage-bio-panning, polyclonal, and monoclonal phage ELISA. AF17 was chosen and characterized among the positive clones through SDS-PAGE, Western blotting, indirect ELISA, and in-silico analyses. The results of the study showed the successful construction of a high-affinity scFv library against LFA-1. The accuracy of the AF17 production and its ability to bind to the LFA-1 were confirmed through SDS-PAGE, Western blot, and ELISA. This study highlights the potential application of the high-affinity AF17 against LFA-1 for targeting T lymphocytes for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Afsharnoori
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Forouzandeh Moghadam
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-111, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Parthiban S, Vijeesh T, Gayathri T, Shanmugaraj B, Sharma A, Sathishkumar R. Artificial intelligence-driven systems engineering for next-generation plant-derived biopharmaceuticals. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1252166. [PMID: 38034587 PMCID: PMC10684705 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1252166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant biopharmaceuticals including antigens, antibodies, hormones, cytokines, single-chain variable fragments, and peptides have been used as vaccines, diagnostics and therapeutics. Plant molecular pharming is a robust platform that uses plants as an expression system to produce simple and complex recombinant biopharmaceuticals on a large scale. Plant system has several advantages over other host systems such as humanized expression, glycosylation, scalability, reduced risk of human or animal pathogenic contaminants, rapid and cost-effective production. Despite many advantages, the expression of recombinant proteins in plant system is hindered by some factors such as non-human post-translational modifications, protein misfolding, conformation changes and instability. Artificial intelligence (AI) plays a vital role in various fields of biotechnology and in the aspect of plant molecular pharming, a significant increase in yield and stability can be achieved with the intervention of AI-based multi-approach to overcome the hindrance factors. Current limitations of plant-based recombinant biopharmaceutical production can be circumvented with the aid of synthetic biology tools and AI algorithms in plant-based glycan engineering for protein folding, stability, viability, catalytic activity and organelle targeting. The AI models, including but not limited to, neural network, support vector machines, linear regression, Gaussian process and regressor ensemble, work by predicting the training and experimental data sets to design and validate the protein structures thereby optimizing properties such as thermostability, catalytic activity, antibody affinity, and protein folding. This review focuses on, integrating systems engineering approaches and AI-based machine learning and deep learning algorithms in protein engineering and host engineering to augment protein production in plant systems to meet the ever-expanding therapeutics market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Parthiban
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Thandarvalli Vijeesh
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Thashanamoorthi Gayathri
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Balamurugan Shanmugaraj
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Centre of Bioengineering, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Ramalingam Sathishkumar
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
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3
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Grindes L, Florimond C, Ribault S, Raymond C, Dieryck W, Corbin C, Joucla G. Weak promoters to drive selection marker expression: improvement of cell line development process for therapeutic protein production in CHO-K1 cells. J Biotechnol 2023; 369:43-54. [PMID: 37149043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Chinese Hamster Ovary cells have been widely used as host cells for production of recombinant therapeutic molecules. Cell line development is a decisive step, which must be carried out with an efficient process. In particular, degree of selection stringency is an important parameter for identification of rare, high-producing cell lines. In the CHOZN® CHO K1 platform, selection of top-producing clones is based on puromycin resistance, whose expression is driven by Simian Virus 40 Early (SV40E) promoter. In this study, novel promoters have been identified to drive expression of selection marker. Decrease of transcriptional activity compared to SV40E promoter was confirmed by RT-qPCR. Selection stringency was increased, as seen by decreased surviving rate of transfected mini-pools and longer recovery duration of transfected bulk pools. Several promoters led to a 1.5-fold increase of maximum titer and a 1.3-fold increase of mean specific productivity of the monoclonal antibody over the clone generation. Expression level was maintained stable over long term cultivation. Finally, productivity increase was confirmed on several monoclonal antibodies and fusion proteins. Lowering the strength of promoter for expression of selective pressure resistance is an efficient strategy to increase selection stringency, which can be applied on industrial CHO-based cell line development platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Grindes
- Process Development Department, Merck Biodevelopment, Martillac, France; Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, Pessac, France.
| | - Camille Florimond
- Process Development Department, Merck Biodevelopment, Martillac, France
| | - Sébastien Ribault
- Process Development Department, Merck Biodevelopment, Martillac, France
| | - Céline Raymond
- Process Development Department, Merck Biodevelopment, Martillac, France
| | - Wilfrid Dieryck
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, Pessac, France
| | - Cyrielle Corbin
- Process Development Department, Merck Biodevelopment, Martillac, France
| | - Gilles Joucla
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, Pessac, France
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4
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Yang C, He B, Zhang H, Wang X, Zhang Q, Dai W. IgG Fc Affinity Ligands and Their Applications in Antibody-Involved Drug Delivery: A Brief Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15. [PMID: 36678816 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are not only an important class of biotherapeutic drugs, but also are targeting moieties for achieving active targeting drug delivery. Meanwhile, the rapidly increasing application of antibodies and Fc-fusion proteins has inspired the emerging development of downstream processing technologies. Thus, IgG Fc affinity ligands have come into being and have been widely exploited in antibody purification strategies. Given the high binding affinity and specificity to IgGs, binding stability in physiological medium conditions, and favorable toxicity and immunogenicity profiles, Fc affinity ligands are gradually applied to antibody delivery, non-covalent antibody-drug conjugates or antibody-mediated active-targeted drug delivery systems. In this review, we will briefly introduce IgG affinity ligands that are widely used at present and summarize their diverse applications in the field of antibody-involved drug delivery. The challenges and outlook of these systems are also discussed.
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5
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Schwaminger SP, Zimmermann I, Berensmeier S. Current research approaches in downstream processing of pharmaceutically relevant proteins. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 77:102768. [PMID: 35930843 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Biopharmaceuticals and their production are on the rise. They are needed to treat and to prevent multiple diseases. Therefore, an urgent need for process intensification in downstream processing (DSP) has been identified to produce biopharmaceuticals more efficiently. The DSP currently accounts for the majority of production costs of pharmaceutically relevant proteins. This short review gathers essential research over the past 3 years that addresses novel solutions to overcome this bottleneck. The overview includes promising studies in the fields of chromatography, aqueous two-phase systems, precipitation, crystallization, magnetic separation, and filtration for the purification of pharmaceutically relevant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian P Schwaminger
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Bioseparation Engineering Group, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.
| | - Ines Zimmermann
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Sonja Berensmeier
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.
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6
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Sutarlie L, Siak-Wie Ow D, Kong Ng S, Yang Y, Su X. Gold Nanoparticle-based "Mix and Measure" Fluorimetric Assays to Quantify Antibody Titer. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:3188-3193. [PMID: 34423583 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for treatment of human diseases are typically human or humanized Immunoglobulin G (IgG) produced in mammalian cell lines. A rapid, less tedious, and high throughput method to quantify mAbs is in demand to accelerate mAb production efficiency. To quantify mAb titer, we developed gold nanoparticle (AuNPs)-based "mix and measure" fluorimetric assays by exploiting AuNPs' fluorescence quenching ability. The AuNPs are functionalized by an Fc binding protein, i. e. protein G, which binds human IgG and fluorescently labeled rat IgG (Alexa Fluor 488-rat IgG) with differential affinity. The assays can be in competition or displacement format. The competitive binding of human IgG drug and the labelled rat IgG to protein G-coated AuNP lead to varied fluorescent intensity that is proportional to the amount of human IgG analte; or the displacement of the labelled rat IgG from protein G-coated AuNP by human IgG can lead to fluorescent recovery that is also proportionally related to human IgG concentration. The assays can quantify therapeutic mAbs in the range of 10-1,000 mg/L, demonstrated for Herceptin, Avastin, and Humira in cell culture media. The assays have fast turn over time (within 15 min). They can be performed in microplates and are suitable for high throughput "on-line" or "at-line" measurement in mAbs production lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sutarlie
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dave Siak-Wie Ow
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, 138668, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Say Kong Ng
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, 138668, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuansheng Yang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, 138668, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaodi Su
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Block S8, level 3, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
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Di Mambro T, Vanzolini T, Bruscolini P, Perez-Gaviro S, Marra E, Roscilli G, Bianchi M, Fraternale A, Schiavano GF, Canonico B, Magnani M. A new humanized antibody is effective against pathogenic fungi in vitro. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19500. [PMID: 34593880 PMCID: PMC8484667 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98659-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections mainly affect patients undergoing transplantation, surgery, neoplastic disease, immunocompromised subjects and premature infants, and cause over 1.5 million deaths every year. The most common fungi isolated in invasive diseases are Candida spp., Cryptococcus spp., and Aspergillus spp. and even if four classes of antifungals are available (Azoles, Echinocandins, Polyenes and Pyrimidine analogues), the side effects of drugs and fungal acquired and innate resistance represent the major hurdles to be overcome. Monoclonal antibodies are powerful tools currently used as diagnostic and therapeutic agents in different clinical contexts but not yet developed for the treatment of invasive fungal infections. In this paper we report the development of the first humanized monoclonal antibody specific for β-1,3 glucans, a vital component of several pathogenic fungi. H5K1 has been tested on C. auris, one of the most urgent threats and resulted efficient both alone and in combination with Caspofungin and Amphotericin B showing an enhancement effect. Our results support further preclinical and clinical developments for the use of H5K1 in the treatment of patients in need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Di Mambro
- grid.12711.340000 0001 2369 7670Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, 61029 Urbino, Italy ,Diatheva S.R.L, Via Sant’Anna 131/135, 61030 Cartoceto, Italy
| | - Tania Vanzolini
- grid.12711.340000 0001 2369 7670Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Bruscolini
- grid.11205.370000 0001 2152 8769Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain ,grid.11205.370000 0001 2152 8769Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sergio Perez-Gaviro
- grid.11205.370000 0001 2152 8769Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain ,grid.11205.370000 0001 2152 8769Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain ,grid.467120.6Centro Universitario de la Defensa, 50090 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Emanuele Marra
- Takis S.R.L, Via di Castel Romano 100, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marzia Bianchi
- grid.12711.340000 0001 2369 7670Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fraternale
- grid.12711.340000 0001 2369 7670Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Giuditta Fiorella Schiavano
- grid.12711.340000 0001 2369 7670Department of Humanities, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Barbara Canonico
- grid.12711.340000 0001 2369 7670Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Mauro Magnani
- grid.12711.340000 0001 2369 7670Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, 61029 Urbino, Italy ,Diatheva S.R.L, Via Sant’Anna 131/135, 61030 Cartoceto, Italy
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8
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Weerasuriya DRK, Bhakta S, Hiniduma K, Dixit CK, Shen M, Tobin Z, He J, Suib SL, Rusling JF. Magnetic Nanoparticles with Surface Nanopockets for Highly Selective Antibody Isolation. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2021; 4:6157-6166. [PMID: 35006880 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are key components of revolutionary disease immunotherapies and are also essential for medical diagnostics and imaging. The impact of cost is illustrated by a price >$200,000 per year per patient for mAb-based cancer therapy. Purification represents a major issue in the final cost of these immunotherapy drugs. Protein A (PrA) resins are widely used to purify antibodies, but resin cost, separation efficiency, reuse, and stability are major issues. This paper explores a synthesis strategy for low-cost, reusable, stable PrA-like nanopockets on core-shell silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) for IgG antibody isolation. Mouse IgG2a, a strong PrA binder, was used as a template protein, first attaching it stem-down onto the NP surface. The stem-down orientation of IgG2a on the NP surface before polymerization is critical for designing the films to bind IgGs. Following this, 1-tetraethoxysilane and four organosilane monomers with functional groups capable of mimicking binding interactions of proteins with IgG antibody stems were reacted to form a thin polymer coating on the NPs. After blocking nonspecific binding sites, removal of the mouse IgG2a provided nanopockets on the core-shell NPs that showed binding characteristics for antibodies remarkably similar to PrA. Both smooth and rough core-shell NPs were used, with the latter providing much larger binding capacities for IgGs, with an excellent selectivity slightly better than that of commercial PrA magnetic beads. This paper is the first report of IgG-binding NPs that mimic PrA selectivity. These nanopocket NPs can be used for at least 15 regeneration cycles, and cost/use was 57-fold less than a high-quality commercial PrA resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Randil K Weerasuriya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Snehasis Bhakta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States.,Cooch Behar College, Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University, Cooch Behar, West Bengal 736101, India
| | - Keshani Hiniduma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Chandra K Dixit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States.,Lumos Diagnostics, Sarasota, Florida 34240, United States
| | - Min Shen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Zachary Tobin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Junkai He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Steven L Suib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States.,Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3136, United States
| | - James F Rusling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States.,Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3136, United States.,Department of Surgery and Neag Cancer Center, Uconn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States.,School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland at Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
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9
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Pinto IF, Soares RRG, Mäkinen MEL, Chotteau V, Russom A. Multiplexed Microfluidic Cartridge for At-Line Protein Monitoring in Mammalian Cell Culture Processes for Biopharmaceutical Production. ACS Sens 2021; 6:842-851. [PMID: 33724791 PMCID: PMC8034812 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The biopharmaceutical
market has been rapidly growing in recent
years, creating a highly competitive arena where R&D is critical
to strike a balance between clinical safety and profitability. Toward
process optimization, the recent development and adoption of new process
analytical technologies (PAT) highlight the dynamic complexity of
mammalian/human cell culture processes, as well as the importance
of fine-tuning and modeling key metabolites and proteins. In this
context, simple, rapid, and cost-effective devices allowing routine
at-line monitoring of specific proteins during process development
and production are currently lacking. Here, we report the development
of a versatile microfluidic protein analysis cartridge allowing the
multiplexed bead-based immunodetection of specific proteins directly
from complex mixtures with minimal hands-on time. Colorimetric quantification
of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) host cell proteins as key impurities,
monoclonal antibodies as target biopharmaceuticals, and lactate dehydrogenase
as a marker of cell viability was achieved with limits of detection
in the 1–10 ng/mL range and analysis times as short as 30 min.
The device was further demonstrated for the monitoring of a Rituximab-producing
CHO cell bioreactor over the course of 8 days, providing comparable
recoveries to standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits.
The high sensitivity combined with robustness to matrix interference
highlights the potential of the device to perform at-line measurements
spanning from the bioreactor to the downstream processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês F. Pinto
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, 171 21 Solna, Sweden
| | - Ruben R. G. Soares
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, 171 21 Solna, Sweden
| | - Meeri E.-L. Mäkinen
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- AdBIOPRO, Competence Centre for Advanced BioProduction by Continuous Processing, KTH, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veronique Chotteau
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- AdBIOPRO, Competence Centre for Advanced BioProduction by Continuous Processing, KTH, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aman Russom
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, 171 21 Solna, Sweden
- AIMES, Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences at Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Zhao J, Peng W, Dong X, Mechref Y. Analysis of NIST Monoclonal Antibody Reference Material Glycosylation Using the LC-MS/MS-Based Glycoproteomic Approach. J Proteome Res 2020; 20:818-830. [PMID: 33196194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein-based therapeutics such as mAbs have become emerging drugs in modern medicine. Most of the approved therapeutic proteins are glycoproteins. Glycosylation is an essential critical quality attribute (CQA) due to the influence that glycoforms have on the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of biotherapeutics. Here, we applied an LC-MS/MS-based glycoproteomics approach to characterize Fc glycans of an NISTmAb reference material (RM) 8671 (sample B) and a β-1,4-galactosidase-treated NISTmAb (sample A). Overall, 48 glycan compositions were identified and quantified. The glycan structure with the highest abundance was FA2, with a relative abundance of 52% in sample A and 38% in sample B. Over 50% of the identified glycans presented at levels smaller than 0.1%. Important glycan attributes were further derived using the quantitative results. The galactosylation level of modified NISTmAb was found to decrease by ∼10% when compared to the galactosylation level of NISTmAb. There was no significant difference between the two samples in the levels of sialylation, fucosylation, and high mannose. Moreover, unglycosylated peptides were also observed at a level of 1-2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Wenjing Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
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12
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O’Flaherty R, Bergin A, Flampouri E, Mota LM, Obaidi I, Quigley A, Xie Y, Butler M. Mammalian cell culture for production of recombinant proteins: A review of the critical steps in their biomanufacturing. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 43:107552. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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13
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Zschätzsch M, Ritter P, Henseleit A, Wiehler K, Malik S, Bley T, Walther T, Boschke E. Monitoring bioactive and total antibody concentrations for continuous process control by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. Eng Life Sci 2020; 19:681-690. [PMID: 32624961 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201900014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies have become an increasingly important part of fundamental research and medical applications. To meet the high market demand for monoclonal antibodies in the biopharmaceutical sector, industrial manufacturing needs to be achieved by large scale, highly productive and consistent production processes. These are subject to international guidelines and have to be monitored intensely due to high safety standards for medical applications. Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy - a fast, real-time, and label-free bio-sensing method - represents an interesting alternative to the quantification of monoclonal antibody concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay during monoclonal antibody production. For the application of monitoring bioactive and total monoclonal antibody concentrations in cell culture samples, a surface plasmon resonance assay using a target-monoclonal antibody model system was developed. In order to ensure the subsequent detection of bioactive monoclonal antibody concentrations, suitable immobilization strategies of the target were identified. A significant decrease of the limit of detection was achieved by using an adapted affinity method compared to the commonly used amine coupling. Furthermore, the system showed limit of detection in the low ng/mL range similar to control quantifications by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Moreover, the comparison of total to bioactive monoclonal antibody concentrations allows analysis of antibody production efficiency. The development of an alternative quantification system to monitor monoclonal antibody production was accomplished using surface plasmon resonance with the advantage of low analyte volume, shorter assay time, and biosensor reusability by target-layer regeneration. The established method provides the basis for the technical development of a surface plasmon resonance-based system for continuous process monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlen Zschätzsch
- Institute of Natural Materials Technology Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | | | - Anja Henseleit
- Institute of Natural Materials Technology Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | | | | | - Thomas Bley
- Institute of Natural Materials Technology Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Thomas Walther
- Institute of Natural Materials Technology Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Elke Boschke
- Institute of Natural Materials Technology Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
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14
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Temporini C, Colombo R, Calleri E, Tengattini S, Rinaldi F, Massolini G. Chromatographic tools for plant-derived recombinant antibodies purification and characterization. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 179:112920. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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15
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Tang P, Xu J, Louey A, Tan Z, Yongky A, Liang S, Li ZJ, Weng Y, Liu S. Kinetic modeling of Chinese hamster ovary cell culture: factors and principles. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:265-281. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1711015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peifeng Tang
- Department of Paper and Bioprocess Engineering, SUNY-ESF, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Devens, MA, USA
| | - Jianlin Xu
- Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Devens, MA, USA
| | - Alastair Louey
- Elpiscience Biopharma, Cayman Islands George Town, Grand Cayman, UK
| | - Zhijun Tan
- Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Devens, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Yongky
- Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Devens, MA, USA
| | - Shaoyan Liang
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zheng Jian Li
- Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Devens, MA, USA
| | - Yongyan Weng
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Shijie Liu
- Department of Paper and Bioprocess Engineering, SUNY-ESF, Syracuse, NY, USA
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16
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Covarrubias-Zambrano O, Yu J, Bossmann SH. Nano-Inspired Technologies for Peptide Delivery. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 21:379-400. [PMID: 31793426 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666191202112429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nano-inspired technologies offer unique opportunities to treat numerous diseases by using therapeutic peptides. Therapeutic peptides have attractive pharmacological profiles and can be manufactured at relatively low costs. The major advantages of using a nanodelivery approach comprises significantly lower required dosages compared to systemic delivery, and thus reduced toxicity and immunogenicity. The combination of therapeutic peptides with delivery peptides and nanoparticles or small molecule drugs offers systemic treatment approaches, instead of aiming for single biological targets or pathways. This review article discusses exemplary state-of-the-art nanosized delivery systems for therapeutic peptides and antibodies, as well as their biochemical and biophysical foundations and emphasizes still remaining challenges. The competition between using different nanoplatforms, such as liposome-, hydrogel-, polymer-, silica nanosphere-, or nanosponge-based delivery systems is still "on" and no clear frontrunner has emerged to date.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 419 CBC Building, Manhattan, KS 66506-0401, United States.,Johns Hopkins University, Department of Radiology, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Stefan H Bossmann
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 419 CBC Building, Manhattan, KS 66506-0401, United States
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17
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Hu FJ, Lundqvist M, Uhlén M, Rockberg J. SAMURAI (Solid-phase Assisted Mutagenesis by Uracil Restriction for Accurate Integration) for antibody affinity maturation and paratope mapping. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:e34. [PMID: 30715449 PMCID: PMC6451119 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutagenesis libraries are essential for combinatorial protein engineering. Despite improvements in gene synthesis and directed mutagenesis, current methodologies still have limitations regarding the synthesis of complete antibody single-chain variable fragment (scFv) genes and simultaneous diversification of all six CDRs. Here, we describe the generation of mutagenesis libraries for antibody affinity maturation using a cell-free solid-phase technique for annealing of single-strand mutagenic oligonucleotides. The procedure consists of PCR-based incorporation of uracil into a wild-type template, bead-based capture, elution of single-strand DNA, and in vitro uracil excision enzyme based degradation of the template DNA. Our approach enabled rapid (8 hours) mutagenesis and automated cloning of 50 position-specific alanine mutants for mapping of a scFv antibody paratope. We further exemplify our method by generating affinity maturation libraries with diversity introduced in critical, nonessential, or all CDR positions randomly. Assessment with Illumina deep sequencing showed less than 1% wild-type in two libraries and the ability to diversify all CDR positions simultaneously. Selections of the libraries with bacterial display and deep sequencing evaluation of the selection output showed that diversity introduced in non-essential positions allowed for a more effective enrichment of improved binders compared to the other two diversification strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Jingxin Hu
- KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Protein Science, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Lundqvist
- KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Protein Science, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Protein Science, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.,KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna 171 65, Sweden.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Johan Rockberg
- KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Protein Science, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Liu W, Fan X, Wang X, Rai K, Su J, Xian M, Nian R. Chromatin-directed clarification in cell culture fluid enables non-protein affinity antibody purification by tangential flow filtration integrated with high-capacity cation exchange chromatography. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.107315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Moczko E, Guerreiro A, Cáceres C, Piletska E, Sellergren B, Piletsky SA. Epitope approach in molecular imprinting of antibodies. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1124:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Becker M, Junghans L, Teleki A, Bechmann J, Takors R. The Less the Better: How Suppressed Base Addition Boosts Production of Monoclonal Antibodies With Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:76. [PMID: 31032253 PMCID: PMC6470187 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Biopharmaceutical production processes strive for the optimization of economic efficiency. Among others, the maximization of volumetric productivity is a key criterion. Typical parameters such as partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and pH are known to influence the performance although reasons are not yet fully elucidated. In this study the effects of pCO2 and pH shifts on the phenotypic performance were linked to metabolic and energetic changes. Short peak performance of qmAb (23 pg/cell/day) was achieved by early pCO2 shifts up to 200 mbar but followed by declining intracellular ATP levels to 2.5 fmol/cell and 80% increase of qLac. On the contrary, steadily rising qmAb could be installed by slight pH down-shifts ensuring constant cell specific ATP production (qATP) of 27 pmol/cell/day and high intracellular ATP levels of about 4 fmol/cell. As a result, maximum productivity was achieved combining highest qmAb (20 pg/cell/day) with maximum cell density and no lactate formation. Our results indicate that the energy availability in form of intracellular ATP is crucial for maintaining antibody synthesis and reacts sensitive to pCO2 and pH-process parameters typically responsible for inhomogeneities after scaling up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Becker
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lisa Junghans
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Attila Teleki
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jan Bechmann
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Ralf Takors
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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21
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Junghans L, Teleki A, Wijaya AW, Becker M, Schweikert M, Takors R. From nutritional wealth to autophagy: In vivo metabolic dynamics in the cytosol, mitochondrion and shuttles of IgG producing CHO cells. Metab Eng 2019; 54:145-159. [PMID: 30930288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To fulfil the optimization needs of current biopharmaceutical processes the knowledge how to improve cell specific productivities is of outmost importance. This requires a detailed understanding of cellular metabolism on a subcellular level inside compartments such as cytosol and mitochondrion. Using IgG1 producing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, a pioneering protocol for compartment-specific metabolome analysis was applied. Various production-like growth conditions ranging from ample glucose and amino acid supply via moderate to severe nitrogen limitation were investigated in batch cultures. The combined application of quantitative metabolite pool analysis, 13C tracer studies and non-stationary flux calculations revealed that Pyr/H+ symport (MPC1/2) bore the bulk of the mitochondrial transport under ample nutrient supply. Glutamine limitation induced the concerted adaptation of the bidirectional Mal/aKG (OGC) and the Mal/HPO42- antiporter (DIC), even installing completely reversed shuttle fluxes. As a result, NADPH and ATP formation were adjusted to cellular needs unraveling the key role of cytosolic malic enzyme for NADPH production. Highest cell specific IgG1 productivities were closely correlated to a strong mitochondrial malate export according to the anabolic demands. The requirement to install proper NADPH supply for optimizing the production of monoclonal antibodies is clearly outlined. Interestingly, it was observed that mitochondrial citric acid cycle activity was always maintained enabling constant cytosolic adenylate energy charges at physiological levels, even under autophagy conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Junghans
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Attila Teleki
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andy Wiranata Wijaya
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Max Becker
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Schweikert
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Biobased Materials, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ralf Takors
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
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22
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Abstract
The therapeutic market for monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) has grown exponentially since 2000. It is expected that the world-wide market for MAbs could reach $125 billion in 2020. For cancer treatment alone, more than 30 MAbs have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration since 1997. Unlike structure-defined small molecule-based anti-cancer drugs, the expensive MAb is a mixture of heterogeneously glycosylated proteins. All MAbs typically have a single N-glycosylation site on each of the Fc region. The clinical efficacy of the MAbs depends on the N-glycan structures. Loss of N-glycosylation on the MAbs leads to the loss of the ability to activate complement, to bind to Fc receptors, and to induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Moreover, antigen-antibody complexes produced from N-glycan-deficient MAbs are failed to be eliminated rapidly from the blood circulation. Even in certain cases, the N-glycan heterogeneity does not significantly influence pharmacokinetics or half-life of MAbs, reduced terminal galactosylation decreases complement-dependent cytotoxicity, the absence of core fucosylation enhances ADCC due to the increased affinities for the FcγRIIIа receptor, and high sialylation levels reduce ADCC activity and impact inflammatory responses. Furthermore, only mammalian cell lines that make human-like N-glycan structures can be used for MAbs production since certain mammalian cell lines can produce non-human glycan epitopes such as galactose-α-1,3-galactose and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NGNA), which can trigger unwanted immune response. Therefore, mastering the knowledge of N-glycan structures and glycobiology is the key to produce and provide patients with reliable MAbs with consistent glycosylation profile and expected clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Zhang
- Systems Biology and Medicine Center for Complex Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chun Fan
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Systems Biology and Medicine Center for Complex Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xuexiao Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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23
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Di Mambro T, Guerriero I, Aurisicchio L, Magnani M, Marra E. The Yin and Yang of Current Antifungal Therapeutic Strategies: How Can We Harness Our Natural Defenses? Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:80. [PMID: 30804788 PMCID: PMC6370704 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections have aroused much interest over the last years because of their involvement in several human diseases. Immunocompromission due to transplant-related therapies and malignant cancer treatments are risk factors for invasive fungal infections, but also aggressive surgery, broad-spectrum antibiotics and prosthetic devices are frequently associated with infectious diseases. Current therapy is based on the administration of antifungal drugs, but the occurrence of resistant strains to the most common molecules has become a serious health-care problem. New antifungal agents are urgently needed and it is essential to identify fungal molecular targets that could offer alternatives for development of treatments. The fungal cell wall and plasma membrane are the most important structures that offer putative new targets which can be modulated in order to fight microbial infections. The development of monoclonal antibodies against new targets is a valid therapeutic strategy, both to solve resistance problems and to support the immune response, especially in immunocompromised hosts. In this review, we summarize currently used antifungal agents and propose novel therapeutic approaches, including new fungal molecular targets to be considered for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Di Mambro
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy.,Diatheva s.r.l., Cartoceto, Italy
| | - Ilaria Guerriero
- Takis s.r.l., Rome, Italy.,Veterinary Immunotherapy and Translational Research, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Aurisicchio
- Takis s.r.l., Rome, Italy.,Veterinary Immunotherapy and Translational Research, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Magnani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy.,Diatheva s.r.l., Cartoceto, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marra
- Takis s.r.l., Rome, Italy.,Veterinary Immunotherapy and Translational Research, Rome, Italy
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24
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Becker M, Junghans L, Teleki A, Bechmann J, Takors R. Perfusion cultures require optimum respiratory ATP supply to maximize cell-specific and volumetric productivities. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:951-960. [PMID: 30659583 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Perfusion processes are an emerging alternative to common fed-batch processes in the growing biopharmaceutical industry. However, the challenge of maintaining high cell-specific productivities remains. In this study, glucose limitation was applied to two perfusion steady states and compared with a third steady state without any detectable limitation. The metabolic phenotype was enhanced under glucose limitation with a decrease of 30% in glucose uptake and 75% in lactate formation. Cell-specific productivities were substantially improved by 50%. Remarkably, the productivities showed a strong correlation to respiratory adenosine triphosphate (ATP) supply. As less reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) remained in the cytosol, the ATP generation from oxidative phosphorylation was increased by almost 30%. Consequently, the efficiency of carbon metabolism and the resulting respiratory ATP supply was crucial for maintaining the highly productive cellular state. This study highlights that glucose limitation can be used for process intensification in perfusion cultures as ATP generation via respiration is significantly increased, leading to elevated productivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Becker
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lisa Junghans
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Attila Teleki
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jan Bechmann
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Ralf Takors
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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25
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Wang L, Bo T, Zhang Z, Wang G, Tong W, Da Yong Chen D. High Resolution Capillary Isoelectric Focusing Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Peptides, Proteins, And Monoclonal Antibodies with a Flow-through Microvial Interface. Anal Chem 2018; 90:9495-9503. [PMID: 29993237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China 210023
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Tao Bo
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 7th Floor, Building F, Tower West, Yonghe Plaza, No. 28 Andingmen Street East, Beijing, China 100007
| | - Zhengxiang Zhang
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 7th Floor, Building F, Tower West, Yonghe Plaza, No. 28 Andingmen Street East, Beijing, China 100007
| | - Guanbo Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China 210023
| | - Wenjun Tong
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China 210023
| | - David Da Yong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China 210023
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
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26
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Massa S, Presenti O, Benvenuto E. Engineering Plants for the Future: Farming with Value-Added Harvest. In: Cánovas FM, Lüttge U, Matyssek R, Pretzsch H, editors. Progress in Botany Vol. 80. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2019. pp. 65-108. [DOI: 10.1007/124_2018_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants and their rich variety of natural compounds are used to maintain and to improve health since the earliest stages of civilization. Despite great advances in synthetic organic chemistry, one fourth of present-day drugs have still a botanical origin, and we are currently living a revival of interest in new pharmaceuticals from plant sources. Modern biotechnology has defined the potential of plants to be systems able to manufacture not only molecules naturally occurring in plants but also newly engineered compounds, from small to complex protein molecules, which may originate even from non-plant sources. Among these compounds, pharmaceuticals such as vaccines, antibodies and other therapeutic or prophylactic entities can be listed. For this technology, the term plant molecular farming has been coined with reference to agricultural applications due to the use of crops as biofactories for the production of high-added value molecules. In this perspective, edible plants have also been thought as a tool to deliver by the oral route recombinant compounds of medical significance for new therapeutic strategies. Despite many hurdles in establishing regulatory paths for this “novel” biotechnology, plants as bioreactors deserve more attention when considering their intrinsic advantages, such as the quality and safety of the recombinant molecules that can be produced and their potential for large-scale and low-cost production, despite worrying issues (e.g. amplification and diffusion of transgenes) that are mainly addressed by regulations, if not already tackled by the plant-made products already commercialized. The huge benefits generated by these valuable products, synthesized through one of the safest, cheapest and most efficient method, speak for themselves. Milestone for plant-based recombinant protein production for human health use was the approval in 2012 by the US Food and Drug Administration of plant-made taliglucerase alfa, a therapeutic enzyme for the treatment of Gaucher’s disease, synthesized in carrot suspension cultures by Protalix BioTherapeutics. In this review, we will go through the various approaches and results for plant-based production of proteins and recent progress in the development of plant-made pharmaceuticals (PMPs) for the prevention and treatment of human diseases. An analysis on acceptance of these products by public opinion is also tempted.
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27
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Silva BG, Tamashiro WMDSC, Ferreira RR, Deffune E, Suazo CAT. ASSESSMENT OF KINETIC AND METABOLIC FEATURES OF TWO HYBRIDOMAS IN SUSPENSION CULTURE FOR PRODUCTION OF TWO MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES FOR BLOOD TYPING. Braz J Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20180352s20160463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elenice Deffune
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Brazil
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28
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Yang Y, You M, Chen F, Jia T, Chen Y, Zhou B, Mi Q, An Z, Luo W, Xia N. Efficient development of a stable cell pool for antibody production using a single plasmid. J Biochem 2018; 163:391-398. [PMID: 29361116 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvy007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic antibodies are the fastest growing group of biopharmaceuticals. Evaluation of drug candidates requires a sufficient amount of antibodies. Production of antibodies with stable cell pools is an efficient strategy to produce grams of proteins for drug candidate selection. Many methods have been described for developing stable cell pools for antibody expression. However, most of the reported methods are laborious due to the low frequency of high producers. In this study, we determined optimal vectors and screening parameters to develop a strategy for efficient construction of stable antibody expressing cell pools. The cell pool constructed using the optimized strategy consistently yielded a higher expression titer, up to 10-fold improvement. Further, this method resulted in a higher ratio of the cell pools with the main product peak above 95% as assessed by size-exclusion chromatography. High producers could be obtained by means of screening five 96-well plates. This strategy will greatly reduce clone-screening size during Clinical Lead Selection. This study provides a platform with efficient design of plasmids and screening strategies for significant cost and labour savings in high expression of two-subunit proteins such as antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Min You
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Fentian Chen
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianrong Jia
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanzhi Chen
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Zhou
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyu Mi
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang An
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.,Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wenxin Luo
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
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You M, Yang Y, Zhong C, Chen F, Wang X, Jia T, Chen Y, Zhou B, Mi Q, Zhao Q, An Z, Luo W, Xia N. Efficient mAb production in CHO cells with optimized signal peptide, codon, and UTR. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:5953-64. [PMID: 29740673 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8986-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Antibody drugs have been used to treat a number of diseases successfully. Producing antibodies with high yield and quality is necessary for clinical applications of antibodies. For a candidate molecule, optimization of a vector to produce sufficient yield and an accurate primary structure is indispensable in the early stage of the production process development. It is especially important to maintain the fidelity of N-terminal sequence. In order to produce antibodies with a high yield and accurate N-terminal, the expression vector was systematically optimized in this study. First, the heavy chain and light chain were co-expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with different signal peptides. Mass spectrometry (MS) revealed that signal peptides Esp-K, Bsp-H, and 8Hsp-H were accurately deleted from mature antibodies. Further, the yield was doubled by codon optimization and increased by 50% with the presence of untranslated regions (UTR). The combination of UTR with optimal codon and signal peptide to form an expression vector resulted in yield improvement of 150% and correct N-terminal sequences. Moreover, the main product peak was above 98% as assessed by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). Additionally, the bioactivity of products made from optimized transient gene expression (TGE) was almost identical to the standard sample. The production efficiency and product quality from the identified TGE optimization strategy was further demonstrated through application to two other antibodies. The expression level of SGE (stable gene expression) can also be improved effectively with this optimization strategy. In conclusion, vector optimization via combination of optimized signal peptide, codon, and UTR is an alternative approach for efficient antibody production with high fidelity N-terminal sequence in CHO cells.
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Campos MC, Beltrán M, Fuentes N, Moreno G. Helminth eggs as parasitic indicators of fecal contamination in agricultural irrigation water, biosolids, soils and pastures. Biomedica 2018; 38:42-53. [PMID: 29668133 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v38i0.3352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A very common practice in agriculture is the disposal of wastewater and biosolids from water treatment systems due to their high nutrient content, which substantially improves crop yields. However, the presence of pathogens of fecal origin creates a sanitary risk to farmers and consumers. OBJECTIVE To determine the presence and concentration of helminth eggs in irrigation waters, biosolids, agricultural soils, and pastures. MATERIALS AND METHODS Water, biosolids, soil, and pasture samples were collected and analyzed for helminth egg detection, total eggs and viable eggs counts. The behavior of helminth eggs was evaluated in irrigation waters and dairy cattle grassland, where biosolids had been used as an organic amendment. RESULTS Concentrations between 0.1-3 total helminth eggs/L, and 0.1-1 viable helminth eggs/L were found in water. In biosolids and soil, we found 3-22 total helminth eggs/4 g of dry weight, and 2-12 viable helminth eggs/4 g of dry weight, and in grass, we found <2-9 total helminth eggs/g of fresh weight, and <1-3 viable helminth eggs/g of fresh weight. The presence of helminth eggs in each matrix varied from days to months, which may represent a sanitary risk to farmers as well as to consumers. CONCLUSIONS The presence of helminth eggs in the assessed matrixes confirms the sanitary risk of such practices. Therefore, it is important to control and incorporate regulations related to the use of wastewater and biosolids in agriculture.
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Buyel J. Plants as sources of natural and recombinant anti-cancer agents. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:506-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
This chapter introduces the necessary concepts to design continuous expression and purification processes for monoclonal antibodies. The operation of a perfusion bioreactor is discussed containing the preparation procedures, the seeding train and the preparation and control of a long-term production run. The downstream processes exploit the benefits of countercurrent chromatography. Their design from batch experiments is presented. The CaptureSMB process is introduced for continuous capturing while for polishing applications the design of the two-column MCSGP process is described. The chapter also puts these processes together in the context of their integration to an end-to-end production process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Vogg
- ETH Zurich, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Massimo Morbidelli
- ETH Zurich, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Zurich, Switzerland.
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de Almeida R, Nakamura CN, de Lima Fontes M, Deffune E, Felisbino SL, Kaneno R, Fávaro WJ, Billis A, Cerri MO, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes Giannini MJ, Moroz A. Enhanced immunization techniques to obtain highly specific monoclonal antibodies. MAbs 2017; 10:46-54. [PMID: 28581886 PMCID: PMC5800380 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2017.1331804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite fast advances in genomics and proteomics, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are still a valuable tool for areas such as the evolution of basic research in stem cells and cancer, for immunophenotyping cell populations, diagnosing and prognosis of diseases, and for immunotherapy. To summarize different subtractive immunization approaches successfully used for the production of highly specific antibodies, we identified scientific articles in NCBI PubMed using the following search terms: subtractive immunization, monoclonal antibody, tolerization, neonatal, high-zone tolerance, masking immunization. Patent records were also consulted. From the list of results, we included all available reports, from 1985 to present, that used any enhanced immunization technique to produce either polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies. Our examination yielded direct evidence that these enhanced immunization techniques are efficient in obtaining specific antibodies to rare epitopes, with different applications, such as to identify food contaminants or tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo de Almeida
- a Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Proteomics Center, Monoclonal Antibody Lab. , Araraquara , Brazil
| | - Cecília Naomi Nakamura
- a Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Proteomics Center, Monoclonal Antibody Lab. , Araraquara , Brazil
| | - Marina de Lima Fontes
- a Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Proteomics Center, Monoclonal Antibody Lab. , Araraquara , Brazil
| | - Elenice Deffune
- b Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Medicina, Botucatu, Blood Transfusion Center, Cell Engineering Lab. , Botucatu , Brazil
| | - Sérgio Luis Felisbino
- c Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Biociências, Botucatu , Department of Morphology, Extracellular Matrix Lab ., Botucatu , Brazil
| | - Ramon Kaneno
- d Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Biociências, Botucatu , Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tumor Immunology Lab ., Botucatu , Brazil
| | - Wagner José Fávaro
- e Univ Campinas - UNICAMP, Biology Institute , Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Immunotherapy Lab ., Campinas , SP , Brazil
| | - Athanase Billis
- f Univ Estadual Campinas - UNICAMP, School of Medicine , Department of Pathology, Uropathology Lab. , Campinas , SP , Brazil
| | - Marcel Otavio Cerri
- g Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara , Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology , Araraquara , Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- a Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Proteomics Center, Monoclonal Antibody Lab. , Araraquara , Brazil
| | - Maria José Mendes Giannini
- a Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Proteomics Center, Monoclonal Antibody Lab. , Araraquara , Brazil
| | - Andrei Moroz
- a Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Proteomics Center, Monoclonal Antibody Lab. , Araraquara , Brazil.,b Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Medicina, Botucatu, Blood Transfusion Center, Cell Engineering Lab. , Botucatu , Brazil.,g Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara , Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology , Araraquara , Brazil
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Choe W, Durgannavar TA, Chung SJ. Fc-Binding Ligands of Immunoglobulin G: An Overview of High Affinity Proteins and Peptides. Materials (Basel) 2016; 9:E994. [PMID: 28774114 DOI: 10.3390/ma9120994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The rapidly increasing application of antibodies has inspired the development of several novel methods to isolate and target antibodies using smart biomaterials that mimic the binding of Fc-receptors to antibodies. The Fc-binding domain of antibodies is the primary binding site for e.g., effector proteins and secondary antibodies, whereas antigens bind to the Fab region. Protein A, G, and L, surface proteins expressed by pathogenic bacteria, are well known to bind immunoglobulin and have been widely exploited in antibody purification strategies. Several difficulties are encountered when bacterial proteins are used in antibody research and application. One of the major obstacles hampering the use of bacterial proteins is sample contamination with trace amounts of these proteins, which can invoke an immune response in the host. Many research groups actively develop synthetic ligands that are able to selectively and strongly bind to antibodies. Among the reported ligands, peptides that bind to the Fc-domain of antibodies are attractive tools in antibody research. Besides their use as high affinity ligands in antibody purification chromatography, Fc-binding peptides are applied e.g., to localize antibodies on nanomaterials and to increase the half-life of proteins in serum. In this review, recent developments of Fc-binding peptides are presented and their binding characteristics and diverse applications are discussed.
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Itakura S, Hama S, Matsui R, Kogure K. Effective cytoplasmic release of siRNA from liposomal carriers by controlling the electrostatic interaction of siRNA with a charge-invertible peptide, in response to cytoplasmic pH. Nanoscale 2016; 8:10649-10658. [PMID: 27145993 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08365f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Condensing siRNA with cationic polymers is a major strategy used in the development of siRNA carriers that can avoid degradation by nucleases and achieve effective delivery of siRNA into the cytoplasm. However, ineffective release of siRNA from such condensed forms into the cytoplasm is a limiting step for induction of RNAi effects, and can be attributed to tight condensation of siRNA with the cationic polymers, due to potent electrostatic interactions. Here, we report that siRNA condensed with a slightly acidic pH-sensitive peptide (SAPSP), whose total charge is inverted from positive to negative in response to cytoplasmic pH, is effectively released via electrostatic repulsion of siRNA with negatively charged SAPSP at cytoplasmic pH (7.4). The condensed complex of siRNA and positively-charged SAPSP at acidic pH (siRNA/SAPSP) was found to result in almost complete release of siRNA upon charge inversion of SAPSP at pH 7.4, with the resultant negatively-charged SAPSP having no undesirable interactions with endogenous mRNA. Moreover, liposomes encapsulating siRNA/SAPSP demonstrated knockdown efficiencies comparable to those of commercially available siRNA carriers. Taken together, SAPSP may be very useful as a siRNA condenser, as it facilitates effective cytoplasmic release of siRNA, and subsequent induction of specific RNAi effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Itakura
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Susumu Hama
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Ryo Matsui
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Kogure
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan.
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van Beijnum JR, Thijssen VL, Läppchen T, Wong TJ, Verel I, Engbersen M, Schulkens IA, Rossin R, Grüll H, Griffioen AW, Nowak-Sliwinska P. A key role for galectin-1 in sprouting angiogenesis revealed by novel rationally designed antibodies. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:824-35. [PMID: 27062254 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are carbohydrate binding proteins that function in many key cellular processes. We have previously demonstrated that galectins are essential for tumor angiogenesis and their expression is associated with disease progression. Targeting galectins is therefore a potential anti-angiogenic and anti-cancer strategy. Here, we used a rational approach to generate antibodies against a specific member of this conserved protein family, i.e. galectin-1. We characterized two novel mouse monoclonal antibodies that specifically react with galectin-1 in human, mouse and chicken. We demonstrate that these antibodies are excellent tools to study galectin-1 expression and function in a broad array of biological systems. In a potential diagnostic application, radiolabeled antibodies showed specific targeting of galectin-1 positive tumors. In a therapeutic setting, the antibodies inhibited sprouting angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, underscoring the key function of galectin-1 in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy R van Beijnum
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Victor L Thijssen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tilman Läppchen
- Oncology Solutions, Philips Research, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tse J Wong
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Iris Verel
- Oncology Solutions, Philips Research, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Maurits Engbersen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Iris A Schulkens
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Raffaella Rossin
- Oncology Solutions, Philips Research, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Holger Grüll
- Oncology Solutions, Philips Research, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Arjan W Griffioen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Patrycja Nowak-Sliwinska
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Nesměrák K, Třmínková P. Spectrometric methods for determination of ligand–protein ratio in monoclonal conjugates: a mini review. Monatsh Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-016-1747-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jin Z, Sun T, Xia X, Wei Q, Song Y, Han Q, Chen Q, Hu J, Zhang J. Optimized Expression, Purification of Herpes B Virus gD Protein in Escherichia coli, and Production of Its Monoclonal Antibodies. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2016; 9:e32183. [PMID: 27226876 PMCID: PMC4877525 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.32183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpes B virus (BV) is a zoonotic disease caused by double-stranded enveloped DNA virus with cercopithecidae as its natural host. The mortality rate of infected people could be up to 70% with fatal encephalitis and encephalomyelitis. Up to now, there are no effective treatments for BV infection. Among the various proteins encoded by monkey B virus, gD, a conserved structural protein, harbors important application value for serological diagnosis of frequent variations of the monkey B virus. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to expressed the gD protein of BV in Escherichia coli by a recombinant vector, and prepare specific monoclonal antibodies against gD of BV to pave the way for effective and quick diagnosis reagent research. MATERIALS AND METHODS The gD gene of BV was optimized by OptimWiz to improve codon usage bias and synthesis, and the recombinant plasmid, pET32a/gD, was constructed and expressed in E. coli Rosetta (DE3). The expressed fusion protein, His-gD, was purified and the BALB/c mice were immunized by this protein. Spleen cells from the immunized mice and SP2/0 myeloma cells were fused together, and the monoclonal cell strains were obtained by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) screening, followed by preparation of monoclonal antibody ascetic fluid. RESULTS The optimized gD protein was highly expressed in E. coli and successfully purified. Five monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against BV were obtained and named as 4E3, 3F8, 3E7, 1H3 and 4B6, and with ascetic fluid titers of 2 × 10(6), 2 × 10(5), 2 × 10(5), 2 × 10(3) and 2 × 10(2), respectively. The 1H3 and 4E3 belonged to the IgG2b subclass, while 3E7, 3F8 and 4B6 belonged to the IgG1 subclass. CONCLUSIONS The cell lines obtained in this work secreted potent, stable and specific anti-BV mAbs, which were suitable for the development of herpes B virus diagnosis reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zian Jin
- Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xueshan Xia
- Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Qiujiang Wei
- Kunming Biomed International Company, Kunming, China
| | - Yuzhu Song
- Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Qinqin Han
- Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Juan Hu
- Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jinyang Zhang
- Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Corresponding author: Jinyang Zhang, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China. Tel: +86-87165939528, Fax: +86-87165939528, E-mail:
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