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Zhou L. The cultural policies of schistosomiasis control in China: a historical analysis. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:2457-2465. [PMID: 37676304 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07966-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
China has a history of using cultural policies to control infectious diseases, including schistosomiasis, which was once hyperendemic in the country. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, significant achievements have been made in schistosomiasis control, with a decrease in the number of cases and infection rates. This study provides a historical analysis of cultural policies in schistosomiasis control in China. During the Mao era (1949-1976), socialist ideology shaped cultural policies that included mass mobilization campaigns, propaganda, and cultural education to promote health practices, and community participation and empowerment. During the Reform era (1978-2012), there was a shift towards market-oriented policies and individual responsibility, and cultural policies promoted behavioral change, but there were challenges in implementing them in a rapidly changing society. In the "New Era" of socialism (2012-now), cultural policies are focused on promoting comprehensive schistosomiasis control strategies, technological advancements and innovation, and international cooperation. The Chinese experience in schistosomiasis control provides valuable lessons for other countries facing similar challenges and underscores the importance of cultural policies in promoting health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- LiYing Zhou
- School of Humanities, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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Zhou C, Li J, Guo C, Zhou Z, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Jiang J, Cai Y, Zhou J, Xia M, Ming Y. Alterations in gut microbiome and metabolite profile of patients with Schistosoma japonicum infection. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:346. [PMID: 37798771 PMCID: PMC10552355 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05970-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosoma infection is a significant public health issue, affecting over 200 million individuals and threatening 700 million people worldwide. The species prevalent in China is Schistosoma japonicum. Recent studies showed that both gut microbiota and metabolome are closely related to schistosomiasis caused by S. japonicum, but clinical study is limited and the underlying mechanism is largely unclear. This study aimed to explore alterations as well as function of gut microbiota and metabolite profile in the patients with S. japonicum infection. METHODS This study included 20 patients diagnosed with chronic schistosomiasis caused by S. japonicum, eight patients with advanced schistosomiasis caused by S. japonicum and 13 healthy volunteers. The fresh feces of these participators, clinical examination results and basic information were collected. 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was used to investigate gut microbiota, while ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) was applied to explore the metabolome of patients in different stages of schistosomiasis. RESULTS The study found that gut microbiota and metabolites were altered in patients with different stages of S. japonicum infection. Compared with healthy control group, the gut microbial diversity in patients with chronic S. japonicum infection was decreased significantly. However, the diversity of gut microbiota in patients with chronic schistosomiasis was similar to that in patients with advanced schistosomiasis. Compared with uninfected people, patients with schistosomiasis showed decreased Firmicutes and increased Proteobacteria. As disease progressed, Firmicutes was further reduced in patients with advanced S. japonicum infection, while Proteobacteria was further increased. In addition, the most altered metabolites in patients with S. japonicum infection were lipids and lipid-like molecules as well as organo-heterocyclic compounds, correlated with the clinical manifestations and disease progress of schistosomiasis caused by S. japonicum. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that the gut microbiota and metabolome altered in patients in different stages of schistosomiasis, which was correlated with progression of schistosomiasis caused by S. japonicum. This inter-omics analysis may shed light on a better understanding of the mechanisms of the progression of S. japonicum infection and contribute to identifying new potential targets for the diagnosis and prognosis of S. japonicum infection. However, a large sample size of validation in clinic is needed, and further study is required to investigate the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhou
- Transplantation Center, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junhui Li
- Transplantation Center, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chen Guo
- Transplantation Center, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoqin Zhou
- Transplantation Center, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Transplantation Center, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Transplantation Center, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Transplantation Center, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Cai
- Schistosomiasis Control Institute of Hunan Province, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Schistosomiasis Control Institute of Hunan Province, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Meng Xia
- Schistosomiasis Control Institute of Hunan Province, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yingzi Ming
- Transplantation Center, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Hong Z, Zhang S, Li L, Li Y, Liu T, Guo S, Xu X, Yang Z, Zhang H, Xu J. A Nomogram for Predicting Prognosis of Advanced Schistosomiasis japonica in Dongzhi County-A Case Study. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8010033. [PMID: 36668940 PMCID: PMC9866143 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Advanced schistosomiasis is the late stage of schistosomiasis, seriously jeopardizing the quality of life or lifetime of infected people. This study aimed to develop a nomogram for predicting mortality of patients with advanced schistosomiasis japonica, taking Dongzhi County of China as a case study. METHOD Data of patients with advanced schistosomiasis japonica were collected from Dongzhi Schistosomiasis Hospital from January 2019 to July 2022. Data of patients were randomly divided into a training set and validation set with a ratio of 7:3. Candidate variables, including survival outcomes, demographics, clinical features, laboratory examinations, and ultrasound examinations, were analyzed and selected by LASSO logistic regression for the nomogram. The performance of the nomogram was assessed by concordance index (C-index), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). The calibration of the nomogram was evaluated by the calibration plots, while clinical benefit was evaluated by decision curve and clinical impact curve analysis. RESULTS A total of 628 patients were included in the final analysis. Atrophy of the right liver, creatinine, ascites level III, N-terminal procollagen III peptide, and high-density lipoprotein were selected as parameters for the nomogram model. The C-index, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of the nomogram were 0.97 (95% [CI]: [0.95-0.99]), 0.78 (95% [CI]: [0.64-0.87]), 0.97 (95% [CI]: [0.94-0.98]), 0.78 (95% [CI]: [0.64-0.87]), 0.97 (95% [CI]: [0.94-0.98]) in the training set; and 0.98 (95% [CI]: [0.94-0.99]), 0.86 (95% [CI]: [0.64-0.96]), 0.97 (95% [CI]: [0.93-0.99]), 0.79 (95% [CI]: [0.57-0.92]), 0.98 (95% [CI]: [0.94-0.99]) in the validation set, respectively. The calibration curves showed that the model fitted well between the prediction and actual observation in both the training set and validation set. The decision and the clinical impact curves showed that the nomogram had good clinical use for discriminating patients with high risk of death. CONCLUSIONS A nomogram was developed to predict prognosis of advanced schistosomiasis. It could guide clinical staff or policy makers to formulate intervention strategies or efficiently allocate resources against advanced schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Hong
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shiqing Zhang
- Department of Schistosomiasis Control and Prevention, Anhui Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Lu Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yinlong Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Schistosomiasis Control and Prevention, Anhui Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Suying Guo
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xu
- Department of Schistosomiasis Control and Prevention, Anhui Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Zhaoming Yang
- Department of Clinical Treatment, Dongzhi Schistosomiasis Hospital, Chizhou 247230, China
| | - Haoyi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Treatment, Dongzhi Schistosomiasis Hospital, Chizhou 247230, China
| | - Jing Xu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
- Correspondence:
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Mei Z, Lv S, Tian L, Wang W, Jia T. The Efficiency of Commercial Immunodiagnostic Assays for the Field Detection of Schistosoma japonicum Human Infections: A Meta-Analysis. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11070791. [PMID: 35890035 PMCID: PMC9318282 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11070791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although great strides have been achieved, schistosomiasis japonica remains a major public health concern in China. Immunodiagnostics have been widely accepted as the first choice in large-scale screening of Schistosoma japonicum human infections, and indirect hemagglutination test (IHA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and dipstick dye immunoassay (DDIA) are currently the three most common immunological tests for the diagnosis of S. japonicum human infections in China. This meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively assess the performance of IHA, ELISA, and DDIA for the field diagnosis of S. japonicum human infections. A total of 37 eligible publications were enrolled in the final analysis, including 29 Chinese publications and 8 English publications. No significant heterogeneities were detected among the studies reporting ELISA (I2 = 88%, p < 0.05), IHA (I2 = 95%, p < 0.05), or DDIA (I2 = 84%, p < 0.05). DDIA showed the highest pooled sensitivity (90.8%, 95% CI: 84.6% to 94.7%) and IHA presented the highest pooled specificity for detection of S. japonicum human infections (71.6%, 95% CI: 65.9% to 76.7%). Summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve analysis showed that IHA exhibited the highest area under the SROC curve (AUC) (0.88, 95% CI: 0.85 to 0.9), and ELISA presented the lowest AUC (0.85, 95% CI: 0.82 to 0.88). Deeks’ funnel plots indicated no publication bias. IHA presented the highest sensitivity in medium-endemicity regions and the highest specificity for diagnosis of S. japonicum human infections in low-endemicity regions, and ELISA showed the highest diagnostic sensitivity in high-endemicity regions and the highest specificity in medium-endemicity regions, while DDIA exhibited the highest diagnostic sensitivity in high-endemicity regions and the highest specificity in low-endemicity regions. IHA and DDIA presented a higher efficiency for the diagnosis of S. japonicum human infections in marshland and lake regions than in hilly and mountainous regions, while ELISA showed a comparable diagnostic sensitivity between in marshland and lake regions and hilly and mountainous regions (88.3% vs. 88.6%), and a higher specificity in marshland and lake regions than in hilly and mountainous regions (60% vs. 48%). Our meta-analysis demonstrates a comparable diagnostic accuracy of IHA, ELISA, and DDIA for S. japonicum human infections, and the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of IHA, ELISA, and DDIA vary in types and infection prevalence of endemic regions. DDIA combined with IHA is recommended as a tool for screening chemotherapy targets and seroepidemiological surveys during the stage moving towards schistosomiasis elimination in China. Further studies to examine the effectiveness of combinations of two or three immunological tests for diagnosis of S. japonicum human infections are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqiu Mei
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of National Health Commission on Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China; (Z.M.); (S.L.); (L.T.)
| | - Shan Lv
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of National Health Commission on Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China; (Z.M.); (S.L.); (L.T.)
| | - Liguang Tian
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of National Health Commission on Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China; (Z.M.); (S.L.); (L.T.)
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Health Commission on Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasites and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi 214064, China
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (T.J.)
| | - Tiewu Jia
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of National Health Commission on Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China; (Z.M.); (S.L.); (L.T.)
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (T.J.)
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Zhu H, Liu JB, Xiao Y, Tu ZW, Shan XW, Li B, Wu JL, Zhou XR, Sun LC, Xia J, Liu S, Huang XB. Efforts to eliminate schistosomiasis in Hubei province, China: 2005-2018. Acta Trop 2022; 231:106417. [PMID: 35318000 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Hubei province is one of the most schistosomiasis-epidemic-prone provinces in China. A series of strategies were adopted by the government to curb the rebound schistosomiasis endemic status that has prevailed since the early 2000s. This study aimed to elucidate the trends of schistosomiasis transmission and to appraise the effectiveness of the integrated control strategy in lake and marshland areas. METHODS Surveillance data of schistosomiasis in the Hubei province between 2005 and 2018 were analyzed, including conventional health control measures, integrated strategies, and measures that focused on the infection source. According to the local annual plan for schistosomiasis control in endemic counties, previous measures were human and snail control and surveillance. Residents aged 6-65 years were screened by an immunological detection method called indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) after the transmission season each year. All residents who tested positive were then asked to provide a fecal sample for examination by the miracidium hatching technique (MHT) to detect the presence of schistosomes. Moreover, systematic snail surveys were conducted as a part of the combined environmental sampling method. The latter included integrated strategies and measures that focused on the infection source. Bovine stool samples were also collected and concurrently assessed using the MHT by the agriculture department, river-hardening slope protection was constructed by the water conservancy department, and forestation promotion was conducted by the forest department. The effectiveness of the integrated control strategy was assessed using two indicators of resident and livestock infection rates and three indicators of snail epidemics across all endemic areas. RESULTS From 2005 to 2018, a total of 28. 46 million and 2. 05 million residents were assessed by immunological (IHA) and etiological (MHT) detection techniques, respectively. Snail surveys and molluscicide application were performed in 2. 26 hectares and 0. 37 hectares, respectively. Moreover, 2. 60 million bovines were assessed by etiological detection techniques (MHT). The river-hardening slope protection project was implemented in 503 places, and 46 thousand hectares in endemic areas underwent environmental modification. Forestation was implemented at an area of 0. 15 million hectares. Between 2005 and 2018, the epidemic indicators, including resident and livestock infection rates and the infested areas and infection rate of snails, all presented downward trends. The resident infection rate decreased from 3. 78% in 2005 to 0% in 2016, which persisted through 2018. The livestock infection rate decreased from 5. 63% in 2005 to 0% in 2013, which also persisted through 2018. From 2005 to 2018, the snail-inhabited area was slightly reduced, but the area of infected snails decreased to 0 in 2012; this persisted through 2018. All counties met the goal for schistosomiasis infection control, transmission control, and disruption of schistosomiasis activity in 2008, 2013, and 2018 separately. That means the goal has been achieved in each stage. CONCLUSIONS The decline of the schistosomiasis epidemic rate demonstrates that the Chinese government was successful in meeting its public health goal in Hubei province. In the next decade, precision interventions must be implemented in endemic counties with a relatively low epidemic status to achieve the goals of the Outline of the Healthy China 2030 Plan. A similar strategy can be applied in other countries to eliminate schistosomiasis globally.
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Deng W, Wang S, Wang L, Lv C, Li Y, Feng T, Qin Z, Xu J. Laboratory Evaluation of a Basic Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) Assay for Early Detection of Schistosoma japonicum. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11030319. [PMID: 35335643 PMCID: PMC8955429 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection of Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) within its intermediate and definitive hosts is crucial for case finding and disease surveillance, especially in low-endemic areas. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) has many advantages over traditional methods of DNA-amplification, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), including high sensitivity and specificity whilst being deployable in resource-poor schistosomiasis-endemic areas. Here, we evaluated the performance of a basic RPA assay targeting the 28srDNA gene fragment of S. japonicum (Sj28srDNA) using schistosome-infected Oncomelania hupensis (O. hupensis) and mouse models, compared to the traditional pathological method and a PCR assay. Overall S. japonicum infection prevalence within O. hupensis hosts by microscopic dissection, PCR and RPA was 9.29% (13/140), 32.14% (45/140) and 51.43% (72/140), respectively, presenting significant differences statistically (χ2 = 58.31, p < 0.001). It was noteworthy that infection prevalence by PCR and RPA performed was 34.44% (31/90) and 53.33% (48/90) in snails within 6 weeks post-infection, while the dissection method detected all samples as negatives. In addition, the basic RPA assay presented positive results from the fourth week post-infection and third day post-infection when detecting fecal DNA and serum DNA, respectively, which were extracted from a pooled sample from mice infected with 20 S. japonicum cercariae. This study suggests that the RPA assay has high potential for early detection of S. japonicum infection within its intermediate and definitive hosts.
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Lv C, Deng W, Wang L, Qin Z, Zhou X, Xu J. Molecular Techniques as Alternatives of Diagnostic Tools in China as Schistosomiasis Moving towards Elimination. Pathogens 2022; 11:287. [PMID: 35335611 PMCID: PMC8951378 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis japonica caused by the trematode flukes of Schistosoma japonicum was one of the most grievous infectious diseases in China in the mid-20th century, while its elimination has been placed on the agenda of the national strategic plan of healthy China 2030 after 70 years of continuous control campaigns. Diagnostic tools play a pivotal role in warfare against schistosomiasis but must adapt to the endemic status and objectives of activities. With the decrease of prevalence and infection intensity of schistosomiasis in human beings and livestock, optimal methodologies with high sensitivity and absolute specificity are needed for the detection of asymptomatic cases or light infections, as well as disease surveillance to verify elimination. In comparison with the parasitological methods with relatively low sensitivity and serological techniques lacking specificity, which both had been widely used in previous control stages, the molecular detection methods based on the amplification of promising genes of the schistosome genome may pick up the baton to assist the eventual aim of elimination. In this article, we reviewed the developed molecular methods for detecting S. japonicum infection and their application in schistosomiasis japonica diagnosis. Concurrently, we also analyzed the chances and challenges of molecular tools to the field application process in China.
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Cao CL, Zhang LJ, Deng WP, Li YL, Lv C, Dai SM, Feng T, Qin ZQ, Duan LP, Zhang HB, Hu W, Feng Z, Xu J, Lv S, Guo JG, Li SZ, Cao JP, Zhou XN. Contributions and achievements on schistosomiasis control and elimination in China by NIPD-CTDR. Adv Parasitol 2020; 110:1-62. [PMID: 32563322 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Being a zoonotic parasitic disease, schistosomiasis was widely spread in 12 provinces of Southern China in the 1950s, severly harming human health and hindering economic development. The National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at the Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, and Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research (NIPD-CTDR), as the only professional institution focussing on parasitic diseases at the national level, has played an important role in schistosomiasis control in the country. In this article, we look back at the changes of schistosomiasis endemicity and the contribution of NIPD-CTDR to the national schistosomiasis control programme. We review NIPD-CTDR's activities, including field investigations, design of control strategies and measures, development of diagnostics and drugs, surveillance-response of endemic situation, and monitoring & evaluation of the programme. The NIPD-CTDR has mastered the transmission status of schistosomiasis, mapped the snail distribution, and explored strategies and measures suitable for different types of endemic areas in China. With a good understanding of the life cycle of Schistosoma japonicum and transmission patterns of the disease, advanced research carried out in the NIPD-CTDR based on genomics and modern technology has made it possible to explore highly efficient and soft therapeutic drugs and molluscicides, making it possible to develop new diagnostic tools and produce vaccine candidates. In the field, epidemiological studies, updated strategies and targeted intervention measures developed by scientists from the NIPD-CTDR have contributed significantly to the national schistosomiasis control programme. This all adds up to a strong foundation for eliminating schistosomiasis in China in the near future, and recommendations have been put forward how to reach this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Li Cao
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Juan Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang-Ping Deng
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin-Long Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Lv
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Min Dai
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Feng
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Qin
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ping Duan
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Bing Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Hu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Feng
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Lv
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Gang Guo
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Zhu Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ping Cao
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Abstract
Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) marked out for disease elimination provide a lens through which to explore the changing status of diagnosis in global health. This paper reports on the findings of a scoping review, which set out to explore the main debates around diagnosis for the elimination of NTDs, including the multiple roles diagnostic technologies are being ascribed and the ideal characteristics of tests. It also attempts to summarise the state of diagnosis for three NTDs with elimination goals. The review places special emphasis on point-of-care testing in acknowledgement of the remote and underserved areas where NTDs proliferate. Early NTD campaigns were largely focused on attack phase planning, whereby a similar set of interventions could be transplanted anywhere. Now, with elimination goals in sight, strategies must be tailored to local settings if they are to attain and sustain success. Diagnostic data helps with local adaptation and is increasingly used for programmatic decision-making. The review finds that elimination goals reframe whom diagnosis is for and the myriad roles diagnostics can play. The exigencies of elimination also serve to highlight deficiencies in the current diagnostic arsenal and development pipeline for many NTDs. Moving forward, a guiding framework is needed to drive research and stimulate investment in diagnosis to support NTD goals.
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10
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Zhang LJ, Mwanakasale V, Xu J, Sun LP, Yin XM, Zhang JF, Hu MC, Si WM, Zhou XN. Diagnostic performance of two specific schistosoma japonicum immunological tests for screening schistosoma haematobium in school children in Zambia. Acta Trop 2020; 202:105285. [PMID: 31786108 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dipstick Dye Immunoassay (DDIA) and Indirect Haemagglutination Assay (IHA), are two commercially available kits which have been widely used for screening Schistosoma japonicum in P.R. China. Whether they can be used for screening of Schistosoma haematobium are not clear. In order to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of DDIA and IHA for screening Schistosoma haematobium, serum samples were collected from pupils in endemic areas in Zambia, Southern Africa, and tested by DDIA and IHA by single-blind manner. Meanwhile, the pupils were microscopically examined by infection with Schistosoma and soil-transmitted helminths, visually observed for parasite eggs. Of the enrolled 148 pupils, 61% tested positive for S. haematobium infection, while 31% and 36% of pupils were infected with hookworm and Ascaris respectively. Regarding the parasitological tests as reference standard, for the diagnosis of S. haematobium infection, IHA performed higher sensitivity (74%, 95% CI: 65%-83%) than that of DDIA (60%, 95%CI: 49%-70%). The sensitivities of IHA and DDIA are significant higher in 10-14 years old students than those of 7-9 years old group. The specificity of DDIA and IHA were 61% (95%CI: 49%-74%) and 72% (95%CI: 60%-84%), respectively. The co-infection with STHs decreased the specificity of DDIA but had no impact on that of IHA. Our study indicated that IHA has more potential as an alternative diagnostic tool for identifying schistosomiasis haematobium but need further improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, PR China; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, PR China; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, PR China; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, PR China
| | | | - Jing Xu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, PR China; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, PR China; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, PR China; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Le-Ping Sun
- Institute for Schistosomiasis Control, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiao-Mei Yin
- Institute for Schistosomiasis Control, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Jian-Feng Zhang
- Institute for Schistosomiasis Control, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ming-Chuang Hu
- Institute for Schistosomiasis Control, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Wu-Min Si
- Institute for Schistosomiasis Control, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, PR China; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, PR China; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, PR China; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, PR China.
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11
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Chen Y, Liu J, Xiao Y, Zhong C, Wei F, Liu S. Spatiotemporal pattern analysis of schistosomiasis based on village level in the transmission control stage in lake and marshland areas in China. Parasitology 2020; 147:199-212. [PMID: 31699184 DOI: 10.1017/S0031182019001537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hubei Province is one of the endemic regions with severe schistosomiasis in China. To eliminate schistosomiasis in lake and marshland regions, this study detected hotspots of schistosomiasis cases both spatially and spatiotemporally on the basis of spatial autocorrelation; clustering and outlier, purely spatial and spatiotemporal cluster analyses at the village level from 2013 to 2017 in Hubei Province. The number of cases confirmed positive by an immunodiagnostic test and etiological diagnosis and advanced schistosomiasis cases dramatically declined during the study period. Significant global spatial autocorrelation of schistosomiasis patients was found at the village level in the whole province in 5 years. Clustering and outlier analysis showed that most HH villages were mainly concentrated along the Yangtze River, especially in Jianghan Plain. Spatial and spatiotemporal cluster analyses showed that significant clusters of the schistosomiasis cases were detected at the village level. In general, space and spatiotemporal clustering of schistosomiasis cases at the village level demonstrated a downward trend from 2013 from 2017 in Hubei Province. High-risk regions included Jianghan Plain along the middle reach of Yangtze River and Yangxin County in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in Hubei Province. To eliminate schistosomiasis, precise control and management of schistosomiasis cases should be strictly implemented. Moreover, comprehensive prevention and control measures should be continuously strengthened in these regions.
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12
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Leonardo L, Bergquist R, Li SZ, Lv S, Khieu V, Sayasone S, Xu J, Olveda R, Utzinger J, Zhou XN. Collaborative RNAS + research: Priorities and outcomes. Adv Parasitol 2019; 105:23-52. [PMID: 31530394 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, RNAS+ has been generating research results from highly collaborative projects meant to promote and advance understanding in various aspects of schistosomiasis. Epidemiological studies in endemic countries like the Philippines, the People's Republic of China (PR China), the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) and Cambodia clarified the role of reservoir hosts in transmission and the use of spatio-temporal methods such as remote sensing and geographical information systems (GIS) in surveillance of schistosomiasis. Morbidity studies proposed factors that might influence development of fibrosis, anaemia and malnutrition in schistosomiasis. Immune responses in schistosomiasis continue to be an interesting focus in research to explain possible development of resistance with age. Results of evaluation of candidate vaccine molecules are also presented. New diagnostics are continually being developed in response to the call for more sensitive and field applicable techniques that will be used for surveillance in areas nearing elimination of the disease. Several studies presented here show the insufficiency of mass drug administration (MDA) with praziquantel in eliminating the disease. Emphasis is given to an integrated control approach that can be accomplished through intensive and extensive intersectoral collaboration.
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13
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Leonardo L, Bergquist R, Olveda R, Satrija F, Sripa B, Sayasone S, Khieu V, Willingham AL, Utzinger J, Zhou XN. From country control programmes to translational research. Adv Parasitol 2019; 105:69-93. [PMID: 31530396 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
From the time it was conceptualized in 1998 to the present, RNAS+ has largely concentrated on research that will generate results to facilitate control, prevention and elimination of its target diseases. Diagnostics has remained an active field of research in order to develop tools that are appropriate for each stage from the first efforts until attempts to block transmission. For example, with regard to schistosomiasis, chemotherapy has excellent impact on morbidity, while better diagnostics and vaccine research have been promoted to complement the other components of the control programme. The need for surveillance in areas where the prevalence has been brought down to very low levels necessitated development of spatio-temporal tools and ecological models based on geographical information systems (GIS) to produce risk and distribution maps for monitoring and evaluation of programme success. New knowledge and experiences in management of the diseases contribute to the formulation of new schemes in management and treatment. Ways of drawing attention to the disease, such as determining disability weights for use in computation of burden of disease, updating epidemiological profile and unravelling new aspects of the disease provide bases for modifying the operation of control programmes as we move forward. Programme evaluation based on reports of actual implementation of activities brought to the fore problems related to the distribution of chemotherapy as well as social, cultural and behavioural aspects of endemic communities. Importantly, this highlighted the necessity of adapting control activities to specific situations of the endemic areas. New models evolving from reviews of this kind and success stories, such us the elimination of lymphatic filariasis (LF) in PR China and Cambodia are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Leonardo
- Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman and University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Graduate School, Quezon City, Philippines
| | | | - Remigio Olveda
- Asian Tropical Foundation, Filinvest Corporate City, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine Compound, Muntinlupa, Philippines
| | - Fadjar Satrija
- Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), JL. Agatis, Kampus IPB, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Banchob Sripa
- Department of Pathology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Somphou Sayasone
- Lao Tropical and Public Health Institute, Vientianne, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Virak Khieu
- National Helminth Control Program, National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Arve Lee Willingham
- One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, West Indies
| | - Juerg Utzinger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, China; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, China; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, China, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Zhao J, Chen X, Long X, Rafaels N, Campbell M, Liang H, Zhang B, Barnes KC, Hamilton RG, Chen Q. The soluble worm antigens-specific antibodies used as biomarkers of Schistosoma japonicum in a low prevalence and intensity endemic area of Hubei, China. Acta Trop 2019; 195:28-34. [PMID: 30986379 PMCID: PMC8547602 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The precise diagnosis of Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) infection plays a critical role in achieving the ultimate goal of eliminating schistosomiasis in endemic regions. We evaluated the S. japonicum soluble worm antigen protein (SWAP) specific-IgG, IgG4 and IgE levels, and evaluated the association between S. japonicum infection and these antibodies in a sample of 837 residents from a S. japonicum-endemic area in Hubei province, China. The anticipants were divided into the Training Set (TS) and Validation Set (VS) based on the chronological order. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to detect the SWAP-specific antibodies. Three algorithms for identifying S. japonicum infection were generated in the TS and subsequently validated in the VS. The findings were further replicated in an independent cohort from an endemic area for Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) in Brazil. Our results indicated for the first time that S. japonicum-infected individuals had higher levels of SWAP-specific IgG, IgG4 and IgE, and lower value of the IgE/IgG4 ratio than uninfected individuals in both the two sets (p < 0.01). Both the infected and uninfected individuals had a high prevalence of seropositivity for IgG. We further showed that the predictive model EGR (IgE/IgG4 ratio) score performed best in Chinese population (area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) 0.905, sensitivity 82.7%, specificity 84.0% in the TS; AUROC 0.933, sensitivity 87.7%, specificity 89.1% in the VS). Nevertheless, the predictive model IgG4 score performed best in Brazilian cohort (AUROC 0.788, sensitivity 73.2%, specificity 73.3%). In summary, SWAP-specific IgG could be used as a biomarker for identifying individuals who have been previously exposed to S. japonicum, and furthermore the SWAP-specific IgE/IgG4 could be used as an immune biomarker for S. japonicum infection in particular in the endemic areas with low prevalence and intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Zhao
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Long
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Nicholas Rafaels
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Monica Campbell
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Huifang Liang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Kathleen C Barnes
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Robert G Hamilton
- Johns Hopkins Asthmas and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Qian Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, China.
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15
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence and intensity of schistosomiasis infection in China has decreased markedly in recent years. Therefore, more accurate methods are critically needed to ensure further control of low-intensity schistosomiasis infection. For chronic schistosomiasis patients, the detection of schistosome eggs in colorectal mucosa tissues is commonly used. This work aimed to explore differences in sensitivity of the Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) retrotransposon (SjR2) gene in colon tissue from S. japonicum infected hosts and to develop an ideal method for genetic diagnosis of low-intensity schistosomiasis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Serum and colon samples were collected from mice at different time points, either post-infection (PI) or post-treatment (PT). Colorectal biopsy specimens from outpatients with schistosomiasis were collected. All samples from mice and patients, including serum as well as colon tissue containing eggs and tissue containing no eggs, were examined using the polymerase chain reaction technique. RESULTS The results showed that the SjR2 gene could be detected in all colon tissue containing at least one egg, except for when the egg was completely degraded. The positive rate of gene detection in serum was low. The results from egg-free colon tissue from around the eggs were more consistent with the actual parasitism in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that detection of the gene in colon tissue located within a 0.5 cm distance from the eggs would be a practical and ideal method for genetic diagnosis of schistosomiasis. After the colorectal biopsy, this method can be a sensitive assisted examination to the clinical diagnosis of low-intensity schistosomiasis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhao
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (CSU), Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Kongzhen Gu
- Faculty of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (CSU), Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Qingren Zeng
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (CSU), Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (CSU), Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Da Cheng
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (CSU), Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
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16
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Xiao G, Li X, Jiang H, Peng Z, Liu W, Lu Q. Analysis of risk factors and changing trends the infection rate of intestinal schistosomiasis caused by S. japonicum from 2005 to 2014 in Lushan city. Parasitol Int 2018; 67:751-758. [PMID: 30055333 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal schistosomiasis caused by S. japonicum has long been a threat to the health of residents within endemic areas, especially along the mid-tier of the Yangtze River basin as well as the Dongting and Poyang lakes. Therefore, we collected monitoring data from 2005 to 2014 in Lushan City, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, which is located downstream of Poyang Lake. We conducted a logistic regression analysis in 2005 and in 2008 and then conducted a time series analysis from 2005 to 2014 in Lushan city. The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that after integrated measures were implemented in Lushan city in 2004, the infection rate of intestinal schistosomiasis decreased sharply in different populations, but fishermen had a greater risk of contracting intestinal schistosomiasis in both 2005 and 2008. From the time series analysis, we found that the infection rate decreased sharply from 2005 to 2009 and then increased slowly from 2009 to 2011 before finally becoming relatively stable and the predicated infection rates in HES, SM2, and SM3 are -1.14%, 0.35%, 0.29%, respectively, compared with 0.41% of schistosomiasis infection in 2014, showing a downward trend. Our study indicated that the integrated measures initiated in 2004 in Lushan city had a positive effect on controlling intestinal schistosomiasis, but we should still emphasize special treatment of particular populations, such as fishermen, and should consider environmental changes, such as changes in the water level of Poyang Lake, in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Xiao
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Xinghuo Li
- Xingzi County Station of Schistosomiasis Control, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Hongyin Jiang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Zhanghua Peng
- Xingzi County Station of Schistosomiasis Control, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- Xingzi County Station of Schistosomiasis Control, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Quqin Lu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China.
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17
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Ma S, Zai J, Han Y, Hong Y, Zhang M, Cao X, Han Q, Lu K, Zhao Z, Lin J, Fu Z. Characterization of Schistosoma japonicum tetraspanning orphan receptor and its role in binding to complement C2 and immunoprotection against murine schistosomiasis. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:288. [PMID: 28599669 PMCID: PMC5466742 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2229-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis remains an important global public health problem, as millions of people are at risk of acquiring infection. An ideal method for sustainable control of schistosomiasis would be to develop an efficient vaccine. Schistosomes can survive in the host vascular system by immune evasion, regulating the host complement cascade. Schistosoma japonicum tetraspanning orphan receptor (SjTOR) is a complement regulator, which is a tegument membrane protein. To date there is no experimental evidence to explain the function of SjTOR. RESULTS We cloned the first extracellular domain of the SjTOR (SjTOR-ed1) gene and expressed the gene in Escherichia coli. The expression level of SjTOR in different developmental stages of S. japonicum was assessed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Western blotting showed that recombinant SjTOR-ed1 (rSjTOR-ed1) could be recognised by schistosome-infected mouse serum. Immunolocalization indicated that the protein was mainly distributed on the tegument of the parasite. Haemolytic assays and ELISA revealed that rSjTOR-ed1 could inhibit complement hemolysis and bind to complement C2. Purified rSjTOR-ed1 emulsified with ISA206 adjuvant could induce a significant reduction of worm burden from 24.51 to 26.51%, and liver egg numbers from 32.92 to 39.62% in two independent trials in mice. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicated that rSjTOR-ed1 could inhibit complement hemolysis and bind to complement C2, and it is a potential vaccine candidate that protects against S. japonicum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jinli Zai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yanhui Han
- College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, China
| | - Yang Hong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province, 471023, China
| | - Xiaodan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Qian Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ke Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhixin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jiaojiao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zhiqiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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18
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Liu Y, Zhong B, Wu ZS, Liang S, Qiu DC, Ma X. Interruption of schistosomiasis transmission in mountainous and hilly regions with an integrated strategy: a longitudinal case study in Sichuan, China. Infect Dis Poverty 2017; 6:79. [PMID: 28385163 PMCID: PMC5383976 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-017-0290-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schistosomiasis remains a major public health concern in China. Since 2004, an integrated strategy was developed to control the transmission of Schistosoma japonicum in China. However, the long-term effectiveness of this integrated strategy for the interruption of schistosomiasis transmission remains unknown in the mountainous and hilly regions of China until now. This longitudinal study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the integrated strategy on transmission interruption of schistosomiasis in Sichuan Province from 2005 through 2014. Methods The data regarding replacement of bovines with machines, improved sanitation, access to clean water, construction of public toilets and household latrines, snail control, chemotherapy, and health education were captured from the annual report of the schistosomiasis control programmes in Sichuan Province from 2005 to 2014, and S. japonicum infection in humans, bovines and snails were estimated to evaluate the effectiveness of the integrated strategy. Results During the 10-year period from 2005 through 2014, a total of 536 568 machines were used to replace bovines, and 3 284 333 household lavatories and 15 523 public latrines were built. Tap water was supplied to 19 116 344 residents living in the endemic villages. A total of 230 098 hm2 snail habitats were given molluscicide treatment, and 357 233 hm2 snail habitats received environmental improvements. There were 7 268 138 humans and 840 845 bovines given praziquantel chemotherapy. During the 10-year study period, information, education and communication (IEC) materials were provided to village officers, teachers and schoolchildren. The 10-year implementation of the integrated strategy resulted in a great reduction in S. japonicum infection in humans, bovines and snails. Since 2007, no acute infection was detected, and no schistosomiasis cases or infected bovines were identified since 2012. In addition, the snail habitats reduced by 62.39% in 2014 as compared to that in 2005, and no S. japonicum infection was identified in snails since 2007. By 2014, 88.9% of the endemic counties achieved the transmission interruption of schistosomiasis and transmission control of schistosmiasis was achieved in the whole province in 2008. Conclusion The government-directed and multi-department integrated strategy is effective for interrupting the transmission of schistosomiasis in the mountainous and hilly regions of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Health Education, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, No. 16 Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.,Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 6 Zhongxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bo Zhong
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 6 Zhongxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zi-Song Wu
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 6 Zhongxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Song Liang
- Department of Environmental & Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dong-Chuan Qiu
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 6 Zhongxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Health Education, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, No. 16 Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
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Sun LP, Wang W, Zuo YP, Hong QB, Du GL, Ma YC, Wang J, Yang GJ, Zhu DJ, Liang YS. A multidisciplinary, integrated approach for the elimination of schistosomiasis: a longitudinal study in a historically hyper-endemic region in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China from 2005 to 2014. Infect Dis Poverty 2017; 6:56. [PMID: 28288689 PMCID: PMC5348877 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-017-0270-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although great success has been achieved, schistosomiasis remains a major public health concern in China, and the remaining core endemic regions are concentrated along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In this longitudinal study, we evaluated the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary, integrated approach for schistosomiasis elimination in a historically hyper-endemic region in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China over the 10-year period from 2005 through 2014. METHODS A three-step roadmap for schistosomiasis elimination was designed in the study site, and multidisciplinary, integrated interventions were implemented by the health, agriculture, water resources development, land and resources, and forestry sectors from 2005 to 2014, including chemotherapy for infected individuals, health education, management of the source of Schistosoma japonicum infection, and intermediate host snail control. The annual number of schistosomiasis patients, S. japonicum infection in humans, bovines and Oncomelania hupensis snails, and water infectivity were observed to assess the effectiveness of the multidisciplinary, integrated approach for the elimination of schistosomiasis. RESULTS There was a tendency towards a gradual decline in both the number of schistosomiasis cases and the prevalence of S. japonicum human infection across the study period from 2005 through 2014. No S. japonicum human infection was detected since 2012, and no acute infection was seen since 2006. During the study period, no infection was found in bovines, and a 0.03% overall infection rate was observed in O. hupensis snails. Since 2009, no infected snails were identified, and the area of both snail habitats and infected snail habitats appeared a reduction over the study period. Following the 3-year multidisciplinary, integrated control, infection control was achieved, and transmission control was achieved after 6-year implementation, with all infected snails and water infectivity eliminated; in addition, the 10-year implementation resulted in interruption of schistosomiasis transmission in the study site in 2014. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present 10-year longitudinal study demonstrate that the multidisciplinary, integrated approach is effective for the elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Ping Sun
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasites and Vector Control Technology, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasites and Vector Control Technology, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
| | - Yin-Ping Zuo
- Yangzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 36 Yanfu East Road, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province 225000 China
| | - Qing-Biao Hong
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasites and Vector Control Technology, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
| | - Guang-Lin Du
- Yangzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 36 Yanfu East Road, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province 225000 China
| | - Yu-Cai Ma
- Hanjiang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenhui West Road, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province 225000 China
| | - Jian Wang
- Yangzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 36 Yanfu East Road, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province 225000 China
| | - Guo-Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasites and Vector Control Technology, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
| | - Dao-Jian Zhu
- Yangzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 36 Yanfu East Road, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province 225000 China
| | - You-Sheng Liang
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasites and Vector Control Technology, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
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Xia C, Bergquist R, Lynn H, Hu F, Lin D, Hao Y, Li S, Hu Y, Zhang Z. Village-based spatio-temporal cluster analysis of the schistosomiasis risk in the Poyang Lake Region, China. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:136. [PMID: 28270197 PMCID: PMC5341164 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2059-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Poyang Lake Region, one of the major epidemic sites of schistosomiasis in China, remains a severe challenge. To improve our understanding of the current endemic status of schistosomiasis and to better control the transmission of the disease in the Poyang Lake Region, it is important to analyse the clustering pattern of schistosomiasis and detect the hotspots of transmission risk. Results Based on annual surveillance data, at the village level in this region from 2009 to 2014, spatial and temporal cluster analyses were conducted to assess the pattern of schistosomiasis infection risk among humans through purely spatial (Local Moran’s I, Kulldorff and Flexible scan statistic) and space-time scan statistics (Kulldorff). A dramatic decline was found in the infection rate during the study period, which was shown to be maintained at a low level. The number of spatial clusters declined over time and were concentrated in counties around Poyang Lake, including Yugan, Yongxiu, Nanchang, Xingzi, Xinjian, De’an as well as Pengze, situated along the Yangtze River and the most serious area found in this study. Space-time analysis revealed that the clustering time frame appeared between 2009 and 2011 and the most likely cluster with the widest range was particularly concentrated in Pengze County. Conclusions This study detected areas at high risk for schistosomiasis both in space and time at the village level from 2009 to 2014 in Poyang Lake Region. The high-risk areas are now more concentrated and mainly distributed at the river inflows Poyang Lake and along Yangtze River in Pengze County. It was assumed that the water projects including reservoirs and a recently breached dyke in this area were partly to blame. This study points out that attempts to reduce the negative effects of water projects in China should focus on the Poyang Lake Region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Xia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Laboratory for Spatial Analysis and Modeling, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | | | - Henry Lynn
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Laboratory for Spatial Analysis and Modeling, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fei Hu
- Jiangxi Institute of Schistosomiasis Prevention and Control, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Dandan Lin
- Jiangxi Institute of Schistosomiasis Prevention and Control, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Yuwan Hao
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shizhu Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Laboratory for Spatial Analysis and Modeling, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Laboratory for Spatial Analysis and Modeling, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Hinz R, Schwarz NG, Hahn A, Frickmann H. Serological approaches for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis - A review. Mol Cell Probes 2016; 31:2-21. [PMID: 27986555 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a common disease in endemic areas of Sub-Saharan Africa, South America and Asia. It is rare in Europe, mainly imported from endemic countries due to travelling or human migration. Available methods for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis comprise microscopic, molecular and serological approaches, with the latter detecting antigens or antibodies associated with Schistosoma spp. infection. The serological approach is a valuable screening tool in low-endemicity settings and for travel medicine, though the interpretation of any diagnostic results requires knowledge of test characteristics and a patient's history. Specific antibody detection by most currently used assays is only possible in a relatively late stage of infection and does not allow for the differentiation of acute from previous infections for therapeutic control or the discrimination between persisting infection and re-infection. Throughout the last decades, new target antigens have been identified, and assays with improved performance and suitability for use in the field have been developed. For numerous assays, large-scale studies are still required to reliably characterise assay characteristics alone and in association with other available methods for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis. Apart from S. mansoni, S. haematobium and S. japonicum, for which most available tests were developed, other species of Schistosoma that occur less frequently need to be taken into account. This narrative review describes and critically discusses the results of published studies on the evaluation of serological assays that detect antibodies against different Schistosoma species of humans. It provides insights into the diagnostic performance and an overview of available assays and their suitability for large-scale use or individual diagnosis, and thus sets the scene for serological diagnosis of schistosomiasis and the interpretation of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Hinz
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; Department of Tropical Medicine at the Bernhard Nocht Institute, German Armed Forces Hospital Hamburg, Germany.
| | | | - Andreas Hahn
- Takeda Pharma Vertrieb GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hagen Frickmann
- Department of Tropical Medicine at the Bernhard Nocht Institute, German Armed Forces Hospital Hamburg, Germany; Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, Germany
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22
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Huang Y, Li W, Liu K, Xiong C, Cao P, Tao J. New detection method in experimental mice for schistosomiasis: ClinProTool and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:4173-4181. [PMID: 27469535 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5193-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Oncomelania hupensis snails along the Yangtze River and the low positive rate and infectiosity of human and livestock schistosomiasis still pose a threat to public health in China. Adult blood flukes were recognized as Schistosoma japonicum, which are found in the portal system of the sentinel mice bred in the laboratory for 35 days after contact with the water. However, 35 days was too long from the field test to dissection, and the dissection in the laboratory was also time-consuming and labor-intensive. Serum peptides in mice at different times after infection were measured by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. ClinProTool was used to establish the proteomic detection pattern (PDP), based on the differentially expressed peptide between the infection and healthy control groups. Under experimental conditions, characteristic PDP were detected in 5 % (3/60), 35 % (21/60), 75 % (45/60), 87.93 % (51/58), and 98.15 % (53/54) of infected mice from weeks 1 to 5 post-infection, whereas ELISA and dissection examination for adult blood flukes missed the first 2 weeks. At 35 days post-infection, the infectiosity assay showed 40 % (4/10), 50 % (5/10), and 80 % (8/10) positivity with the PDP test in mice infected with 4, 6, and 10 cercariae, respectively, as well as 100 % (10/10) positivity in mice infected with 14, 18, and 22 cercariae. Five stored sera of positive sentinel mice with parasite detection were verified correctly in the PDP test. The results confirm that PDP can be used as a rapid and early detection method for S. japonicum infection in experimental mice, which are expected to apply in early surveillance for schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzheng Huang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210028, China.,Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 100 Hongshan road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210028, China
| | - Wei Li
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasitic Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214064, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Department Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Present affiliation: US Food and Drug Administration, Pacific Regional Laboratory Northwest, 22201 23rd DR SE, Bothell, WA, 98021, USA
| | - Chunrong Xiong
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasitic Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214064, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210028, China. .,Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 100 Hongshan road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210028, China.
| | - Jianping Tao
- College of Veterinary Medicine/Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Major Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, 12 Wenhui road, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Feng Y, Liu L, Xia S, Xu JF, Bergquist R, Yang GJ. Reaching the Surveillance-Response Stage of Schistosomiasis Control in The People's Republic of China: A Modelling Approach. Adv Parasitol 2016; 92:165-96. [PMID: 27137447 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
With the goal set to eliminate schistosomiasis nationwide by 2020, The People's Republic of China has initiated the surveillance-response stage to identify remaining sources of infection and potential pockets from where the disease could reemerge. Shifting the focus from classical monitoring and evaluation to rapid detection and immediate response, this approach requires modelling to bridge the surveillance and response components. We review here studies relevant to schistosomiasis modelling in a Chinese surveillance-response system with the expectation to achieve a practically useful understanding of the current situation and potential future study directions. We also present useful experience that could tentatively be applied in other endemic regions in the world. Modelling is discussed at length as it plays an essential role, both with regard to the intermediate snail host and in the definitive, mammal hosts. Research gaps with respect to snail infection, animal hosts and sectoral research cooperation are identified and examined against the prevailing background of ecosystem and socioeconomic changes with a focus on coexisting challenges and opportunities in a situation with increasing financial constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Feng
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Wuxi, The People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Parasite Molecular Biology, Wuxi, The People's Republic of China; Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - L Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Wuxi, The People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Parasite Molecular Biology, Wuxi, The People's Republic of China; Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - S Xia
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China
| | - J-F Xu
- Hubei University for Nationalities, The People's Republic of China
| | - R Bergquist
- Geospatial Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - G-J Yang
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Wuxi, The People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Parasite Molecular Biology, Wuxi, The People's Republic of China; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Liu Y, Zhou YB, Li RZ, Wan JJ, Yang Y, Qiu DC, Zhong B. Epidemiological Features and Effectiveness of Schistosomiasis Control Programme in Mountainous and Hilly Region of The People's Republic of China. Adv Parasitol 2016; 92:73-95. [PMID: 27137443 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that affects over 200million people worldwide in at least 76 countries, ranking second only after malaria in terms of its socio-economic and public health importance in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Chinese surveillance data since the mid-1950s have shown that endemic areas are divided into three types based on geographical, ecological and epidemiological factors, such as marshland and lake region, plain region with waterway networks and hilly and mountainous region. As confirmed by numerous epidemiological investigations, schistosomiasis endemic areas of the mountainous type are distributed in 178 counties in 11 provinces of The People's Republic of China. Over the past several decades great success in transmission control has been achieved by implementation of control strategies that were suitable for the mountainous and hilly endemic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, The People's Republic of China
| | - Y-B Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; Center for Tropical Disease Research, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China
| | - R-Z Li
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, The People's Republic of China
| | - J-J Wan
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, The People's Republic of China
| | - Y Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China
| | - D-C Qiu
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, The People's Republic of China
| | - B Zhong
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, The People's Republic of China
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Chen SB, Ai L, Hu W, Xu J, Bergquist R, Qin ZQ, Chen JH. New Anti-Schistosoma Approaches in The People's Republic of China: Development of Diagnostics, Vaccines and Other New Techniques Belonging to the 'Omics' Group. Adv Parasitol 2016; 92:385-408. [PMID: 27137453 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A new national schistosomiasis elimination programme will be implemented for the period 2016-20. To support this approach, we have performed a systematic review to assess anti-schistosome approaches in The People's Republic of China and defined research priorities for the coming years. A systematic search was conducted for articles published from January 2000 to March 2015 in international journals. Totally 410 references were published in English between 2000 and 2015 related to schistosomiasis after unrelated references and reviews or comments were further excluded. A set of research priorities has been identified for the near future that would improve the progress toward schistosomiasis elimination in The People's Republic of China. In particular, there is a lack of sensitive and specific tests for the detection of schistosomiasis cases with low parasite burdens, as well as an effective vaccine against schistosomiasis, and there is a need for surveillance tools that can evaluate the epidemic status for guiding the elimination strategy. Hence, we think that schistosomiasis control and elimination will be improved in The People's Republic of China through development of new tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-B Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China
| | - L Ai
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China
| | - W Hu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; Fudan University, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China
| | - J Xu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China
| | - R Bergquist
- Geospatial Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Z-Q Qin
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China
| | - J-H Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China
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