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Kumarasamy G, Ismail MN, Tuan Sharif SE, Desire C, Mittal P, Hoffmann P, Kaur G. Protein Profiling in Human Papillomavirus-Associated Cervical Carcinogenesis: Cornulin as a Biomarker for Disease Progression. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:3603-3627. [PMID: 37185759 PMCID: PMC10137006 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45040235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly 90% of cervical cancers are linked to human papillomavirus (HPV). Uncovering the protein signatures in each histological phase of cervical oncogenesis provides a path to biomarker discovery. The proteomes extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of the normal cervix, HPV16/18-associated squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were compared using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). A total of 3597 proteins were identified, with 589, 550, and 1570 proteins unique to the normal cervix, SIL, and SCC groups, respectively, while 332 proteins overlapped between the three groups. In the transition from normal cervix to SIL, all 39 differentially expressed proteins were downregulated, while all 51 proteins discovered were upregulated in SIL to SCC. The binding process was the top molecular function, while chromatin silencing in the SIL vs. normal group, and nucleosome assembly in SCC vs. SIL groups was the top biological process. The PI3 kinase pathway appears crucial in initiating neoplastic transformation, while viral carcinogenesis and necroptosis are important for cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis in cervical cancer development. Annexin A2 and cornulin were selected for validation based on LC-MS results. The former was downregulated in the SIL vs. normal cervix and upregulated in the progression from SIL to SCC. In contrast, cornulin exhibited the highest expression in the normal cervix and lowest in SCC. Although other proteins, such as histones, collagen, and vimentin, were differentially expressed, their ubiquitous expression in most cells precluded further analysis. Immunohistochemical analysis of tissue microarrays found no significant difference in Annexin A2 expression between the groups. Conversely, cornulin exhibited the strongest expression in the normal cervix and lowest in SCC, supporting its role as a tumor suppressor and potential biomarker for disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaayathri Kumarasamy
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nazri Ismail
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre (ABrC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas 11900, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Sharifah Emilia Tuan Sharif
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Christopher Desire
- Clinical Health Sciences, University of South Australia, City West Campus, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Parul Mittal
- Clinical Health Sciences, University of South Australia, City West Campus, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Peter Hoffmann
- Clinical Health Sciences, University of South Australia, City West Campus, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Gurjeet Kaur
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Matas-Nadal C, Bech-Serra JJ, Gatius S, Gomez X, Ribes-Santolaria M, Guasch-Vallés M, Pedraza N, Casanova JM, Gómez CDLT, Garí E, Aguayo-Ortiz RS. Biomarkers found in the tumor interstitial fluid may help explain the differential behavior among keratinocyte carcinomas. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100547. [PMID: 37059366 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Basal Cell Carcinomas (BCC) and cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas (SCC) are the most frequent types of cancer, and both originate from the keratinocyte transformation, giving rise to the group of tumors called keratinocyte carcinomas (KC). The invasive behavior is different in each group of KC and may be influenced by their tumor microenvironment. The principal aim of the study is to characterize the protein profile of the Tumor Interstitial Fluid (TIF) of KC to evaluate changes in the microenvironment that could be associated with their different invasive and metastatic capabilities. We obtained TIF from 27 skin biopsies and conducted a label-free quantitative proteomic analysis comparing 7 BCCs, 16 SCCs, and 4 Normal Skins. A total of 2945 proteins were identified, 511 of them quantified in more than half of the samples of each tumoral type. The proteomic analysis revealed differentially expressed TIF-proteins that could explain the different metastatic behavior in both KC. In detail, the SCC samples disclosed an enrichment of proteins related to cytoskeleton, such as Stratafin and Ladinin1. Previous studies found their up-regulation positively correlated with tumor progression. Furthermore, the TIF of SCC samples was enriched with the cytokines S100A8/S100A9. These cytokines influence the metastatic output in other tumors through the activation of NF-kB signaling. According to this, we observed a significant increase in nuclear NF-kB subunit p65 in SCCs but not in BCCs. In addition, the TIF of both tumors was enriched with proteins involved in the immune response, highlighting the relevance of this process in the composition of the tumor environment. Thus, the comparison of the TIF composition of both KC provides the discovery of a new set of differential biomarkers. Among them, secreted cytokines such as S100A9 may help explain the higher aggressiveness of SCCs, while Cornulin is a specific biomarker for BCCs. Finally, the proteomic landscape of TIF provides key information on tumor growth and metastasis, which can contribute to the identification of clinically applicable biomarkers that may be used in the diagnosis of KC, as well as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Matas-Nadal
- Cell cycle lab. Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRB Lleida); Dermatology department. Hospital Santa Caterina, Salt, Girona.
| | - Joan J Bech-Serra
- Proteomics Unit, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Sònia Gatius
- Cell cycle lab. Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRB Lleida); Servei d'anatomia patològica, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida
| | - Xavier Gomez
- Dept. Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques. Facultat de Medicina. Universitat de Lleida
| | - Marina Ribes-Santolaria
- Cell cycle lab. Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRB Lleida); Dept. Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques. Facultat de Medicina. Universitat de Lleida
| | - Marta Guasch-Vallés
- Cell cycle lab. Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRB Lleida); Dept. Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques. Facultat de Medicina. Universitat de Lleida
| | - Neus Pedraza
- Cell cycle lab. Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRB Lleida); Dept. Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques. Facultat de Medicina. Universitat de Lleida
| | - Josep M Casanova
- Cell cycle lab. Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRB Lleida); Dept. Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques. Facultat de Medicina. Universitat de Lleida; Servei de Dermatologia, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida
| | | | - Eloi Garí
- Cell cycle lab. Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRB Lleida); Dept. Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques. Facultat de Medicina. Universitat de Lleida
| | - Rafael S Aguayo-Ortiz
- Cell cycle lab. Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRB Lleida); Dept. Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques. Facultat de Medicina. Universitat de Lleida; Servei de Dermatologia, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida; Cell cycle lab. Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRB Lleida)
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Arnouk H. Cornulin as a Prognosticator for Lymph Node Involvement in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cureus 2022; 14:e33130. [PMID: 36721574 PMCID: PMC9884428 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cornulin is an epidermal differentiation marker and a stress-related protein. Its expression patterns are likely to reflect the multi-step tumorigenesis process of cSCC, given its role as a tumor suppressor. The aim of this study is to evaluate the utility of Cornulin as a prognosticator for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Specifically, the correlation between Cornulin expression and the clinicopathological parameter of lymph node involvement (nodal status), which plays a major role in determining cSCC prognosis and recurrence. We predicted that Cornulin expression declines as cSCC tumors metastasize to regional lymph nodes. Methodology Tissue samples of cSCC lesions of variable nodal involvement status were stained using immunohistochemistry, and high-resolution images were acquired. Aperio ImageScope software (Leica Biosystems) equipped with a positive-pixel-counting algorithm was used to quantify the staining intensity. Subsequently, Cornulin immunoreactivity was calculated as a Histo-score (H-score) value, which is based on the staining intensity and the percentage of positively stained cells. Mean H-scores were compared between groups using an unpaired t-test. Results A significant inverse correlation was found between Cornulin expression levels and metastasis to the lymph nodes. Specifically, primary tumors with metastasis to regional lymph nodes (N1) exhibited 9.5-fold decrease in Cornulin immunoreactivity compared to the primary tumor samples without lymph node involvement (N0). Conclusion Cornulin was found to be significantly downregulated in primary tumors with lymph node metastases. Detection assays to measure Cornulin expression in cSCC primary tumors might aid in determining the nodal status in these patients and possibly help determine cases of occult lymph node metastasis or micrometastasis. Future clinical studies are needed to help establish Cornulin's role in enhancing the predictive power of histopathological examination and improving survival rates for patients suffering from this type of skin cancer.
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Muacevic A, Adler JR. Characterization of Cornulin as a Molecular Biomarker for the Progression of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cureus 2022; 14:e32210. [PMID: 36620799 PMCID: PMC9812004 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction It has been shown that the expression of the epidermal differentiation marker, Cornulin, declines with the progression of squamous cell carcinomas of several tissue types. Objectives This study aims to examine Cornulin expression at the cellular level in various cell lines representative of the successive progression steps of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a major type of head and neck cancer. This can pave the way for the utilization of this novel biomarker as a diagnostic and prognostic indicator for oral cancer and help guide treatment options. Study design Western blotting was performed to measure Cornulin expression levels using standardized cell lysates from four different cell lines representing the successive steps of OSCC progression. Specifically, primary gingival keratinocytes, dysplastic oral keratinocytes (DOK), squamous cell carcinoma 25 (SCC25) cells, and Detroit 562 cells were used to represent normal oral keratinocytes, DOKs, locally invasive OSCC cells, and metastatic OSCC cells, respectively. Results Cornulin expression was found to be downregulated with the progression from normal to premalignant to malignant cells. Quantitative analysis revealed that Cornulin is significantly downregulated by 3.4 folds in DOK cells, by 23.7 folds in SCC25 cells, and by 5.2 folds in Detroit 562 cells compared to normal gingival keratinocytes. Interestingly, Cornulin was upregulated by 4.5 folds in the metastatic Detroit 562 cell line compared to the locally invasive SCC25 cells. Conclusion Altogether, Cornulin proved to be differentially expressed at the cellular level in cell lines representative of the successive steps of OSCC progression. Specifically, we documented a gradual decrease in Cornulin expression with the progression from normal to premalignant to malignant cells. Notably, there is a significant increase in the expression of Cornulin in the metastatic cell line Detroit 562 compared to the locally invasive cell line SCC25, suggesting a possible correlation with the biological behavior and unique characteristics of these two different phenotypes.
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Abstract
Background This study aimed to evaluate the expression of an epidermal differentiation marker, cornulin, in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Cornulin has been found to be downregulated in various squamous cell carcinomas of other tissues; however, its expression in cSCC has never been studied. We predicted that cornulin expression in cSCC is reduced compared to the normal epidermis. Moreover, we hypothesized that an inverse relationship exists between cornulin expression and the loss of differentiation, as defined by histopathological grading of cSCC lesions. Methodology Samples of normal skin and cSCC lesions of variable histopathological grades were stained using immunohistochemistry. High-resolution tissue images were analyzed with Aperio ImageScope (Leica Biosystems) utilizing a positive-pixel-counting algorithm to quantify the staining intensity. Histo-score (H-score) was calculated based on staining intensity and percentage of positive cell staining. Mean H-scores were compared using an unpaired t-test. Results We documented cornulin expression in cSCC for the first time. Cornulin levels were downregulated by more than two-fold in cSCC compared to the normal epidermis. Additionally, we observed a 4.5-fold downregulation in cornulin expression in tumors with high histopathological grades when compared to low histopathological grade tumors. Conclusions Cornulin expression levels measured through immunohistochemistry staining can help distinguish among the different histopathological grades of cSCC. Therefore, we propose that cornulin detection can be an adjunct to pathological examination to evaluate the differentiation status of cSCC specimens. Longitudinal studies are needed to establish the utility of cornulin as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for cSCC.
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Han SN, Feng SJ, Ai DF. Clinical Treatment Study of Secondary Multiple Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Psoriasis Vulgaris. J Oncol 2022; 2022:9529681. [PMID: 35035485 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9529681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Dermatologic diseases are the fourth most frequent nonfatal common illness, yet they have a psychological, economical, and professional burden that is comparable to or larger than other chronic conditions. From a survey in China of 6 provinces, the overall prevalence of psoriasis with squamous cell carcinoma was 0.47%. According to the current investigation, the outburst of skin disease was not associated with gender, but mainly with the climate of the environment; that is, dry cold weather will more likely to induce psoriasis. Approximately 3% of people around the world have psoriasis, which is near the most common autoimmune skin disease in adults. By simple estimation, there are at least two hundred million psoriasis patients in the world. Therefore, it is not just a simple health problem in a country or a region but a serious global challenge. Of note, about half of the adult patients had been reported to be sick in their childhood and they mostly fell ill around 10 years old. Actinic keratosis is perhaps the most common, followed by squamous cell carcinoma and, to a lesser extent, acne vulgaris, psoriasis, and hidradenitis suppurativa, as well as dermatitis herpetiformis. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) 0.5 percent is used topically to treat actinic keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma with good outcomes, while it might cause significant toxicity in certain patients. Dapsone, a Valosin-containing protein, is a medication that is often used to treat inflammatory skin disorders like psoriatic arthritis, but it can occasionally cause hemolytic anemia. Furthermore, biologic medications for the treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis and multiple squamous cell carcinoma have proven to be successful and safe; nevertheless, a small percentage of patients do not react to biologic treatment in the long term or do not respond at all. Based on the data from the China Food and Drug Administration, the majority of chemical drugs are utilized as the topical formulations, while Chinese medicines are mainly delivered by an oral route, suggesting that the market for topical preparations of Chinese medicine to treat skin diseases like psoriasis is worth exploration. This large interindividual diversity in response could be caused by changes in genes that encode proteins implicated in the disease's pathologic environment or the medication's mechanism of action. Pharmacogenetics is the study of the association between genetic differences and medication response, which is valuable for identifying nonresponsive patients and those who are more likely to suffer toxicity as a result of treatment. This study highlights the pharmacogenetic recommendations for dermatology therapies that have the strongest evidence at this time, highlighting those that have been incorporated in clinical practice guides. Pharmacogenetic clinical guidelines for multiple squamous cell carcinoma and psoriasis vulgaris were found in this investigation. Here, for multiple squamous cell carcinoma trichohyalin-like 1 (TCHHL1), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 0.5% is recommended. Along with that dapsone, Valosin-containing protein can be recommended for treating the psoriasis vulgaris. We made some clinical trials over the two diseases, and from the result obtained, we hypothesize that the suggested drug may be a novel therapeutic target in treating the multiple squamous cell carcinoma with psoriasis vulgaris.
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Kaur R, Chauhan A, Bhat SA, Chatterjee D, Ghoshal S, Pal A. Gene of the month: Cornulin. J Clin Pathol 2021; 75:289-291. [PMID: 34969781 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2021-208011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Cornulin (CRNN) gene encodes a 495 amino acid long protein and is located on chromosome 1q21.3. Primarily, it functions as the marker of differentiation. Initially, it was found to be specific for the squamous cells of oesophagus. However, later on, several studies have revealed the presence of Cornulin downregulation in various epithelial squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck, oesophagus and cervix and clinically associated it with worsening of cancer and the poor prognosis. Cornulin levels also showed dysregulation in other diseases such as Eczema and Psoriasis. Besides the differentiation marker, it was identified to be involved in the stress response. The studies, in psoriasis and oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, has elucidated that the dysregulation in the Cornulin is associated with the cell cycle events such as G1/S transition. However, the actual function of Cornulin is still yet to be explored in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajandeep Kaur
- Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anshika Chauhan
- Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shabir Ahmad Bhat
- Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Debajyoti Chatterjee
- Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sushmita Ghoshal
- Radiotherapy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arnab Pal
- Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Zhao Y, Huang J, Chen J. The integration of differentially expressed genes based on multiple microarray datasets for prediction of the prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Bioengineered 2021; 12:3309-3321. [PMID: 34224327 PMCID: PMC8806768 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1947076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common human malignancy. However, its pathogenesis and prognostic information are poorly elucidated. In the present study, we aimed to probe the most significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their prognostic performance in OSCC. Multiple microarray datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were aggregated to identify DEGs between OSCC tissue and control tissue. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox model was constructed to determine the prognostic performance of the aggregated DEGs based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) OSCC cohort. Ten datasets with 341 OSCC samples and 283 control samples were included. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment revealed that the integrated DEGs were enriched in the IL-17 signaling pathway, viral protein interactions with cytokines and cytokine receptors, and amoebiasis, among others. Our LASSO Cox model was able to discriminate two groups with different overall survival in the training cohort and test cohort (p < 0.001). The time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve revealed that the area under the curve (AUC) values at one year, three years, and five years were 0.831, 0.898, and 0.887, respectively. In the testing cohort, the time-dependent ROC curve showed that the AUC values at one year, three years, and five years were 0.696, 0.693, and 0.860, respectively. Our study showed that the integrated DEGs of OSCC might be applicable in the evaluation of prognosis in OSCC. However, further research should be performed to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuan Zhao
- Stomatological School of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiacheng Huang
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianzhi Chen
- Stomatological School of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Qadir F, Lalli A, Dar HH, Hwang S, Aldehlawi H, Ma H, Dai H, Waseem A, Teh MT. Clinical correlation of opposing molecular signatures in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:830. [PMID: 31443700 PMCID: PMC6708230 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The concept of head and neck cancers (HNSCC) having unique molecular signatures is well accepted but relating this to clinical presentation and disease behaviour is essential for patient benefit. Currently the clinical significance of HNSCC molecular subtypes is uncertain therefore personalisation of HNSCC treatment is not yet possible. Methods We performed meta-analysis on 8 microarray studies and identified six significantly up- (PLAU, FN1, CDCA5) and down-regulated (CRNN, CLEC3B and DUOX1) genes which were subsequently quantified by RT-qPCR in 100 HNSCC patient margin and core tumour samples. Results Retrospective correlation with sociodemographic and clinicopathological patient details identified two subgroups of opposing molecular signature (+q6 and -q6) that correlated to two recognised high-risk HNSCC populations in the UK. The +q6 group were older, male, and excessive alcohol users whilst the –q6 group were younger, female, paan-chewers and predominantly Bangladeshi. Additionally, all patients with tumour recurrence were in the latter subgroup. Conclusions We provide the first evidence linking distinct molecular signatures in HNSCC with clinical presentations. Prospective trials are required to determine the correlation between these distinct genotypes and disease progression or treatment response. This is an important step towards the ultimate goal of improving outcomes by utilising personalised molecular-signature-guided treatments for HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Qadir
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, The Blizard Building, 4, Newark Street, London, England, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Anand Lalli
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, The Blizard Building, 4, Newark Street, London, England, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Huma Habib Dar
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, The Blizard Building, 4, Newark Street, London, England, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Sungjae Hwang
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, The Blizard Building, 4, Newark Street, London, England, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Hebah Aldehlawi
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, The Blizard Building, 4, Newark Street, London, England, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Hong Ma
- China-British Joint Molecular Head and Neck Cancer Research Laboratory, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Haiyan Dai
- China-British Joint Molecular Head and Neck Cancer Research Laboratory, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Ahmad Waseem
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, The Blizard Building, 4, Newark Street, London, England, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Muy-Teck Teh
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, The Blizard Building, 4, Newark Street, London, England, E1 2AT, UK. .,China-British Joint Molecular Head and Neck Cancer Research Laboratory, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China. .,Cancer Research Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Escribano D, Horvatić A, Contreras-Aguilar MD, Guillemin N, Cerón JJ, Tecles F, Martinez-Miró S, Eckersall PD, Manteca X, Mrljak V. Changes in saliva proteins in two conditions of compromised welfare in pigs: An experimental induced stress by nose snaring and lameness. Res Vet Sci 2019; 125:227-234. [PMID: 31284225 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify biological pathways and proteins differentially expressed in saliva of pigs in two conditions of compromised welfare: an acute stress consisting of restraint with a nose snare and in pigs with lameness which is a highly frequent problem in the swine industry. For this purpose, high-resolution quantitative proteomics based on Tandem Mass Tags labelling was used. Four proteins showed significant differences in the conditions of compromised welfare, namely cornulin, the heat shock protein 27 and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), that showed significant increases, whereas immunoglobulin J chain showed a significant decrease. LDH, which was the protein that showed the highest differences, was selected for validation and clinical evaluation as a diagnostic biomarker. Significant changes in this protein were observed between pigs restrained with a nose snare and pigs with lameness compared with healthy pigs when measured with available commercial assays in a larger population of pigs. In conclusion, this study reports that in situations of compromised welfare on farm, such as acute stress and lameness in pigs, there are changes in proteins and metabolic pathways in saliva, and describes a series of proteins that could potentially be used as biomarkers for both short term acute stress and longer term chronic stress of lameness. These biomarkers would have the advantage of being measured in saliva by a noninvasive and not stressful collection sampling procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damián Escribano
- Department of Animal and Food Science, School of Veterinary Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anita Horvatić
- ERA Chair FP7, Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maria Dolores Contreras-Aguilar
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Nicolas Guillemin
- ERA Chair FP7, Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jose Joaquín Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Fernando Tecles
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Silvia Martinez-Miró
- Department of Animal Production, Veterinary school, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Peter David Eckersall
- ERA Chair FP7, Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Xavier Manteca
- Department of Animal and Food Science, School of Veterinary Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vladimir Mrljak
- ERA Chair FP7, Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Larson ED, Magno JPM, Steritz MJ, Llanes EGDV, Cardwell J, Pedro M, Roberts TB, Einarsdottir E, Rosanes RAQ, Greenlee C, Santos RAP, Yousaf A, Streubel SO, Santos ATR, Ruiz AG, Lagrana-Villagracia SM, Ray D, Yarza TKL, Scholes MA, Anderson CB, Acharya A, Gubbels SP, Bamshad MJ, Cass SP, Lee NR, Shaikh RS, Nickerson DA, Mohlke KL, Prager JD, Cruz TLG, Yoon PJ, Abes GT, Schwartz DA, Chan AL, Wine TM, Cutiongco-de la Paz EM, Friedman N, Kechris K, Kere J, Leal SM, Yang IV, Patel JA, Tantoco MLC, Riazuddin S, Chan KH, Mattila PS, Reyes-Quintos MRT, Ahmed ZM, Jenkins HA, Chonmaitree T, Hafrén L, Chiong CM, Santos-Cortez RLP. A2ML1 and otitis media: novel variants, differential expression, and relevant pathways. Hum Mutat 2019; 40:1156-1171. [PMID: 31009165 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A genetic basis for otitis media is established, however, the role of rare variants in disease etiology is largely unknown. Previously a duplication variant within A2ML1 was identified as a significant risk factor for otitis media in an indigenous Filipino population and in US children. In this report exome and Sanger sequencing was performed using DNA samples from the indigenous Filipino population, Filipino cochlear implantees, US probands, Finnish, and Pakistani families with otitis media. Sixteen novel, damaging A2ML1 variants identified in otitis media patients were rare or low-frequency in population-matched controls. In the indigenous population, both gingivitis and A2ML1 variants including the known duplication variant and the novel splice variant c.4061 + 1 G>C were independently associated with otitis media. Sequencing of salivary RNA samples from indigenous Filipinos demonstrated lower A2ML1 expression according to the carriage of A2ML1 variants. Sequencing of additional salivary RNA samples from US patients with otitis media revealed differentially expressed genes that are highly correlated with A2ML1 expression levels. In particular, RND3 is upregulated in both A2ML1 variant carriers and high-A2ML1 expressors. These findings support a role for A2ML1 in keratinocyte differentiation within the middle ear as part of otitis media pathology and the potential application of ROCK inhibition in otitis media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Larson
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jose Pedrito M Magno
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of the Philippines Manila College of Medicine - Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Matthew J Steritz
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Erasmo Gonzalo D V Llanes
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of the Philippines Manila College of Medicine - Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines.,Philippine National Ear Institute, University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jonathan Cardwell
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Melquiadesa Pedro
- Philippine National Ear Institute, University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Tori Bootpetch Roberts
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Elisabet Einarsdottir
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and Molecular Neurology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Rose Anne Q Rosanes
- Department of Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Christopher Greenlee
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Ayesha Yousaf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sven-Olrik Streubel
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Amanda G Ruiz
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sheryl Mae Lagrana-Villagracia
- Philippine National Ear Institute, University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Dylan Ray
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Talitha Karisse L Yarza
- Philippine National Ear Institute, University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines.,Newborn Hearing Screening Reference Center, University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health (NIH), Manila, Philippines
| | - Melissa A Scholes
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Catherine B Anderson
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Anushree Acharya
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Samuel P Gubbels
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michael J Bamshad
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stephen P Cass
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Nanette R Lee
- USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, Inc. and Department of Anthropology, Sociology and History, University of San Carlos, Cebu, Philippines
| | - Rehan S Shaikh
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jeremy D Prager
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Teresa Luisa G Cruz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of the Philippines Manila College of Medicine - Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines.,Philippine National Ear Institute, University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Patricia J Yoon
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Generoso T Abes
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of the Philippines Manila College of Medicine - Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines.,Philippine National Ear Institute, University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - David A Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Abner L Chan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of the Philippines Manila College of Medicine - Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines.,Philippine National Ear Institute, University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Todd M Wine
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Eva Maria Cutiongco-de la Paz
- Philippine Genome Center, University of the Philippines, Quezon City, Philippines.,University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Norman Friedman
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Katerina Kechris
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Juha Kere
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and Molecular Neurology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Suzanne M Leal
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ivana V Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Janak A Patel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Ma Leah C Tantoco
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of the Philippines Manila College of Medicine - Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines.,Philippine National Ear Institute, University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Saima Riazuddin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kenny H Chan
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Petri S Mattila
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Rina T Reyes-Quintos
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of the Philippines Manila College of Medicine - Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines.,Philippine National Ear Institute, University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines.,Newborn Hearing Screening Reference Center, University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health (NIH), Manila, Philippines.,University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Zubair M Ahmed
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Herman A Jenkins
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Tasnee Chonmaitree
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Lena Hafrén
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Charlotte M Chiong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of the Philippines Manila College of Medicine - Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines.,Philippine National Ear Institute, University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines.,Newborn Hearing Screening Reference Center, University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health (NIH), Manila, Philippines
| | - Regie Lyn P Santos-Cortez
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Philippine National Ear Institute, University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines.,Center for Children's Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
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12
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Sun Y, Huo C, Qiao Z, Shang Z, Uzzaman A, Liu S, Jiang X, Fan LY, Ji L, Guan X, Cao CX, Xiao H. Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Exosomes and Microvesicles in Human Saliva for Lung Cancer. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:1101-1107. [PMID: 29397740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived microparticles present in most body fluids, mainly including microvesicles and exosomes. EV-harbored proteins have emerged as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prediction of different cancers. We successfully isolated microvesicles and exosomes from human saliva, which were further characterized comprehensively. Salivary EV protein profiling in normal subjects and lung cancer patients was systematically compared through utilizing LC-MS/MS-based label-free quantification. 785 and 910 proteins were identified from salivary exosomes and microvesicles, respectively. According to statistical analysis, 150 and 243 proteins were revealed as dysregulated candidates in exosomes and microvesicles for lung cancer. Among them, 25 and 40 proteins originally from distal organ cells were found in the salivary exosomes and microvesicles of lung cancer patients. In particular, 5 out of 25 and 9 out of 40 are lung-related proteins. Six potential candidates were selected for verification by Western blot, and four of them, namely, BPIFA1, CRNN, MUC5B, and IQGAP, were confirmed either in salivary microvesicles or in exosomes. Our data collectively demonstrate that salivary EVs harbor informative proteins that might be used for the detection of lung cancer through a noninvasive way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chunhui Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhi Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhi Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Asad Uzzaman
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Sha Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoteng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Liu-Yin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Liyun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xin Guan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Cheng-Xi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hua Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
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13
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Ciregia F, Giusti L, Molinaro A, Niccolai F, Mazzoni MR, Rago T, Tonacchera M, Vitti P, Giannaccini G, Lucacchini A. Proteomic analysis of fine-needle aspiration in differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Transl Res 2016; 176:81-94. [PMID: 27172385 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid nodules are common in the general population and vary widely in their propensity to harbor thyroid malignancies. The category of follicular lesion of undetermined significance, for instance, carries only a 15% risk of malignancy. The overarching aim of this work was the proteomic study of thyroid cancer because more effort needs to be placed on differentiating malignant thyroid nodules to avoid unnecessary thyroidectomy. We used 2-dimensional electrophoresis coupled to nano-liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, to examine fine-needle aspiration (FNA), which was easily attainable from the wash of the syringe used for classical FNA biopsy. Overall, we found 25 different proteins able to discriminate benign from malignant samples. The different expression of moesin; annexin A1 (ANXA1); cornulin (CRNN); lactate dehydrogenase; enolase; protein DJ-1; and superoxide dismutase was confirmed in FNA by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or Western blot. Receiver operating characteristic curves were calculated to investigate the discriminative power of our marker. The best performance in diagnosis was obtained by combining ANXA1, enolase, protein DJ-1, superoxide dismutase, and CRNN. In addition, the most highly ranked proteins, from the perspective of follicular lesion of undetermined significance, were ANXA1 and CRNN. The research of these candidate biomarkers has then been widened to other biological fluids, such as serum and whole saliva. In conclusion, we believe that when a decision by a thyroid nodule biopsy cannot be distinctly made, the combination of our biomarkers may be one of the criteria to be taken into account for the final decision, together with the identification of ANXA1 in serum and saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Giusti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Angelo Molinaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Niccolai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Teresa Rago
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Tonacchera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Vitti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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14
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Wang BG, Wu Y, Qiu L, Shah NP, Xu F, Wei H. Integration of genomic and proteomic data to identify candidate genes in HT-29 cells after incubation with Bifidobacterium bifidum ATCC 29521. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:6874-6888. [PMID: 27372578 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
As the predominant group inhabiting the human gastrointestinal tract, bifidobacteria play a vital role in human nutrition, therapeutics, and health by shaping and maintaining the gut ecosystem, reducing blood cholesterol, and promoting the supply of nutrients. The interaction between bacterial cells and human intestinal epithelial cell lines has been studied for decades in an attempt to understand the mechanisms of action. These studies, however, have been limited by lack of genomic and proteomic database to aid in achieving comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms at molecular levels. Microarray data (GSE: 74119) coupled with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) were performed to detect differentially expressed genes and proteins in HT-29 cells after incubation with Bifidobacterium bifidum. Real-time quantitative PCR, gene ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were further conducted for mRNA validation, functional annotation, and pathway identification, respectively. According to the results of microarray, 1,717 differentially expressed genes, including 1,693 upregulated and 24 downregulated genes, were selected and classified by the gene ontology database. The iTRAQ analysis identified 43 differentially expressed proteins, where 29 proteins were upregulated and 14 proteins were downregulated. Eighty-two candidate genes showing consistent differences with microarray and iTRAQ were further validated in HT-29 and Caco-2 cells by real-time quantitative PCR. Nine of the top genes showing interesting results with high confidence were further investigated in vivo in mice intestine samples. Integration of genomic and proteomic data provides an approach to identify candidate genes that are more likely to function in ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, positive regulation of apoptosis, membrane proteins, and transferase catalysis. These findings might contribute to our understanding of molecular mechanisms regulating the interaction between probiotics and intestinal epithelial cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Gui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
| | - Yaoping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
| | - Liang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China; Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, P.R. China
| | - Nagendra P Shah
- Food and Nutritional Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
| | - Hua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China.
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15
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Syed N, Chavan S, Sahasrabuddhe NA, Renuse S, Sathe G, Nanjappa V, Radhakrishnan A, Raja R, Pinto SM, Srinivasan A, Prasad TSK, Srikumar K, Gowda H, Santosh V, Sidransky D, Califano JA, Pandey A, Chatterjee A. Silencing of high-mobility group box 2 (HMGB2) modulates cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil sensitivity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Proteomics 2015; 15:383-93. [PMID: 25327479 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of protein expression is associated with most diseases including cancer. MS-based proteomic analysis is widely employed as a tool to study protein dysregulation in cancers. Proteins that are differentially expressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines compared to the normal oral cell line could serve as biomarkers for patient stratification. To understand the proteomic complexity in HNSCC, we carried out iTRAQ-based MS analysis on a panel of HNSCC cell lines in addition to a normal oral keratinocyte cell line. LC-MS/MS analysis of total proteome of the HNSCC cell lines led to the identification of 3263 proteins, of which 185 proteins were overexpressed and 190 proteins were downregulated more than twofold in at least two of the three HNSCC cell lines studied. Among the overexpressed proteins, 23 proteins were related to DNA replication and repair. These included high-mobility group box 2 (HMGB2) protein, which was overexpressed in all three HNSCC lines studied. Overexpression of HMGB2 has been reported in various cancers, yet its role in HNSCC remains unclear. Immunohistochemical labeling of HMGB2 in a panel of HNSCC tumors using tissue microarrays revealed overexpression in 77% (54 of 70) of tumors. The HMGB proteins are known to bind to DNA structure resulting from cisplatin-DNA adducts and affect the chemosensitivity of cells. We observed that siRNA-mediated silencing of HMGB2 increased the sensitivity of the HNSCC cell lines to cisplatin and 5-FU. We hypothesize that targeting HMGB2 could enhance the efficacy of existing chemotherapeutic regimens for treatment of HNSCC. All MS data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD000737 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD000737).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Syed
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
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16
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Salahshourifar I, Vincent-Chong VK, Chang HY, Ser HL, Ramanathan A, Kallarakkal TG, Rahman ZAA, Ismail SM, Prepageran N, Mustafa WMW, Abraham MT, Tay KK, Zain RB. Downregulation of CRNN gene and genomic instability at 1q21.3 in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 19:2273-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1467-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Pawar H, Srikanth SM, Kashyap MK, Sathe G, Chavan S, Singal M, Manju HC, Kumar KVV, Vijayakumar M, Sirdeshmukh R, Pandey A, Prasad TSK, Gowda H, Kumar RV. Downregulation of S100 Calcium Binding Protein A9 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:325721. [PMID: 26788548 PMCID: PMC4691646 DOI: 10.1155/2015/325721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is poorly understood and the major regulatory molecules involved in the process of tumorigenesis have not yet been identified. We had previously employed a quantitative proteomic approach to identify differentially expressed proteins in ESCC tumors. A total of 238 differentially expressed proteins were identified in that study including S100 calcium binding protein A9 (S100A9) as one of the major downregulated proteins. In the present study, we carried out immunohistochemical validation of S100A9 in a large cohort of ESCC patients to determine the expression and subcellular localization of S100A9 in tumors and adjacent normal esophageal epithelia. Downregulation of S100A9 was observed in 67% (n = 192) of 288 different ESCC tumors, with the most dramatic downregulation observed in the poorly differentiated tumors (99/111). Expression of S100A9 was restricted to the prickle and functional layers of normal esophageal mucosa and localized predominantly in the cytoplasm and nucleus whereas virtually no expression was observed in the tumor and stromal cells. This suggests the important role that S100A9 plays in maintaining the differentiated state of epithelium and suggests that its downregulation may be associated with increased susceptibility to tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Pawar
- 1Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India
- 2Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore 560041, India
- 3Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore 560029, India
- 4Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Srinivas M. Srikanth
- 1Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India
- 5Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry 605014, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Kashyap
- 1Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India
- 6McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- 7Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- 8Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0960, USA
| | - Gajanan Sathe
- 1Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India
| | - Sandip Chavan
- 1Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India
| | - Mukul Singal
- 9Government Medical College and Hospital, Sector 32, Chandigarh 160030, India
| | - H. C. Manju
- 3Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore 560029, India
| | | | - M. Vijayakumar
- 10Department of Surgical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Ravi Sirdeshmukh
- 1Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- 6McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- 7Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- 11Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- 12Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - T. S. Keshava Prasad
- 1Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India
- 5Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry 605014, India
| | - Harsha Gowda
- 1Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India
- *Harsha Gowda: and
| | - Rekha V. Kumar
- 3Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore 560029, India
- *Rekha V. Kumar:
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18
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Shen Y, Tantai J, Zhao H. Ranking candidate genes of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas based on differentially expressed genes and the topological properties of the co-expression network. Eur J Med Res 2014; 19:52. [PMID: 25358439 PMCID: PMC4223754 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-014-0052-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to identify the candidate genes of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods Gene expression profiling of 17 ESCC samples and 17 adjacent normal samples, GSE20347, was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database. The raw data were preprocessed, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ESCC and normal samples were identified by using SAM software (false discovery rate <0.001). Then, the co-expression network of DEGs was constructed based on Pearson’s correlation test (r-value ≥0.8). Furthermore, the topological properties of the co-expression network were analyzed through NetworkAnalyzer (default settings) of Cytoscape. The expression fold changes of DEGs and topological properties were utilized to identify the candidate genes of ESCC (Crin score >4), which were further analyzed based on DAVID functional enrichment analysis (P-value <0.05). Results A total of 1,063 DEGs were identified, including 490 up-regulated and 573 down-regulated DEGs. Then, the co-expression network of DEGs was constructed, containing 999 nodes and 46,323 edges. Based on the expression fold changes of DEGs and the topological properties of the co-expression network, DEGs were ranked, and the top 24 genes were candidate genes of ESCC, such as CRISP3, EREG, CXCR2, and CRNN. Furthermore, the 24 genes were significantly enriched in bio-functions regarding cell differentiation, glucan biosynthetic process and immune response. Conclusion The present study suggested that CRISP3, EREG, CXCR2, and CRNN might be causative genes of ESCC, and play vital roles in the development of ESCC. However, further experimental studies are needed to confirm our results. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40001-014-0052-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Hsu PK, Kao HL, Chen HY, Yen CC, Wu YC, Hsu WH, Chou TY. Loss of CRNN expression is associated with advanced tumor stage and poor survival in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013; 147:1612-1618.e4. [PMID: 24263008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2013.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE CRNN gene expression is downregulated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), although its clinical implications in esophageal cancer remain unclear. METHODS We performed integrated microarray analysis and identified the CRNN gene as 1 of the major downregulated genes in ESCC. CRNN downregulation was validated at the nucleic acid level in 16 ESCC cases using complementary DNA microarray and at the protein level by immunohistochemical stains in an additional 220 ESCC cases. The clinicopathologic relevance and prognostic significance of CRNN expression in ESCC were explored. RESULTS Downregulated CRNN expression was noted at the messenger RNA and protein levels. Immunohistochemical staining revealed negative and positive CRNN expression in 171 (77.7%) and 49 (22.3%) patients with ESCC, respectively. Patients with negative CRNN protein expression had an advanced tumor invasion depth (P = .002), advanced nodal involvement (P = .014), and longer tumor length (P = .037). Patients with negative CRNN expression (median survival, 14.0 months; 5-year survival rate, 20.5%) had poorer overall survival than those with positive expression (30.0 months and 40.3%, respectively; P = .006). On multivariate analysis, negative CRNN expression, nodal involvement, and distant metastasis remained significant prognostic factors for poor overall survival (negative vs positive CRNN, hazard ratio, 1.464; P = .047). CONCLUSIONS Our analysis has highlighted the clinical implications of CRNN expression in ESCC. Loss of CRNN expression correlated with advanced tumor length, greater tumor invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, and poor survival in patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Kuei Hsu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan; National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei City, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Ling Kao
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yu Chen
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chueh-Chuan Yen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chung Wu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan; National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hu Hsu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Teh-Ying Chou
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei City, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Chen K, Li Y, Dai Y, Li J, Qin Y, Zhu Y, Zeng T, Ban X, Fu L, Guan XY. Characterization of tumor suppressive function of cornulin in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68838. [PMID: 23894350 PMCID: PMC3722219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
By using cDNA microarray analysis, we identified cornulin (CRNN) gene was frequently downregulated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In the present study, we investigated the role of CRNN in ESCC development. The results showed that CRNN was frequently downregulated in primary ESCCs in both mRNA level (26/56, 46.4%) and protein level (137/249, 55%), which was significantly associated with lymph node metastases (P=0.027), advanced clinical stage (P=0.039), and overall survival rate (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that the CRNN downregulation was an independent prognostic factor for ESCC. Functional studies with both in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that CRNN had strong tumor suppressive ability in ESCC cells. The tumor-suppressive mechanism of CRNN was associated with its role in cell cycle arrest at G1/S checkpoint by upregulating expressions of P21WAF1/CIP1 and Rb. Silencing CRNN expression by RNA interference could effectively inhibit its tumor suppressive effect. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that CRNN is a tumor suppressor gene that plays a critical tumor suppressive role in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (XG); (YL)
| | - Yongdong Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanru Qin
- Department of Clinical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yinghui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojiao Ban
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- * E-mail: (XG); (YL)
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