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Bibi N, Hupp T, Kamal MA, Rashid S. Elucidation of PLK1 Linked Biomarkers in Oesophageal Cancer Cell Lines: A Step Towards Novel Signaling Pathways by p53 and PLK1-Linked Functions Crosstalk. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:340-358. [PMID: 32875973 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527999200901201837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oesophgeal adenocarcinoma (OAC) is the most frequent cause of cancer death. POLO-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is overexpressed in broad spectrum of tumors and has prognostic value in many cancers including esophageal cancer, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target. p53, the guardian of genome is the most important tumor suppressors that represses the promoter of PLK1, whereas tumor cells with inactive p53 are arrested in mitosis due to DNA damage. PLK1 expression has been linked to the elevated p53 expression and has been shown to act as a biomarker that predicts poor prognosis in OAC. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was identification of PLK1 associated phosphorylation targets in p53 mutant and p53 normal cells to explore the downstream signaling evets. METHODS Here we develop a proof-of-concept phospho-proteomics approach to identify possible biomarkers that can be used to identify mutant p53 or wild-type p53 pathways. We treated PLK1 asynchronously followed by mass spectrometry data analysis. Protein networking and motif analysis tools were used to identify the significant clusters and potential biomarkers. RESULTS We investigated approximately 1300 potential PLK1-dependent phosphopeptides by LCMS/ MS. In total, 2216 and 1155 high confidence phosphosites were identified in CP-A (p53+) and OE33 (p53-) cell lines owing to PLK1 inhibition. Further clustering and motif assessment uncovered many significant biomarkers with known and novel link to PLK1. CONCLUSION Taken together, our study suggests that PLK1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target in human OAC. The data highlight the efficacy and specificity of small molecule PLK1 kinase inhibitors to identify novel signaling pathways in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nousheen Bibi
- Department of Bioinformatics, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ted Hupp
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Center, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- West China School of Nursing / Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajid Rashid
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Bibi N, Rashid S, Nicholson J, Malloy M, O'Neill R, Blake D, Hupp T. An Integrative "Omics" Approach, for Identification of Bona Fides PLK1 Associated Biomarker in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2019; 19:742-755. [PMID: 30747067 DOI: 10.2174/1568009619666190211113722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapid expansion of genome-wide profiling techniques offers the opportunity to utilize various types of information collected in the study of human health and disease. Overexpression of Polo like kinase 1 (PLK1) is associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC), however biological functions and molecular targets of PLK1 in OAC are still unknown. OBJECTIVES Here we performed integrative analysis of two "omics" data sources to reveal high-level interactions of PLK1 associated with OAC. METHODS Initially, quantitative gene expression (RPKM) was measured from transcriptomics data set of four OAC patients. In parallel, alteration in phosphorylation levels was evaluated in the proteomics data set (mass spectrometry) in OAC cell line (PLK1 inhibited). Next, two "omics" data sets were integrated and through comprehensive analysis possible true PLK1 targets that may serve as OAC biomarkers were assembled. RESULTS Through experimental validation, small ubiquitin-related modifier 1 (SUMO1) and heat shock protein beta-1 (HSPB1) were identified as novel phosphorylation targets of PLK1. Consequently in vivo, in situ and in silico experiments clearly demonstrated the interaction of PLK1 with putative novel targets (SUMO1 and HSPB1). CONCLUSION Identification of a PLK1 dependent biosignature in OAC with high confidence in two omics levels proven the robustness and efficacy of our integrative approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nousheen Bibi
- Department of Bioinformatics, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawer, Pakistan
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Rashid
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Mark Malloy
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Rob O'Neill
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Center, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ted Hupp
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Center, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Liu Y, Li L, Qi H, Gao Y, Liu S, Xu C. Survivin -31G>C polymorphism and gastrointestinal tract cancer risk: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54081. [PMID: 23405077 PMCID: PMC3566135 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence showed that common functional −31G>C polymorphism (rs9904341 G>C) in the promoter region of the survivin gene is involved in the regulation of survivin expression, thus increasing an individual’s susceptibility to gastrointestinal tract (GIT) cancer; but individually published results are inconclusive. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to derive a more precise estimation of the association between survivin −31G>C polymorphism and GIT cancer risk. Methods A literature search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and CBM databases was conducted from inception through July 1st, 2012. Crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of association. Results Nine case-control studies were included with a total of 2,231 GIT cancer cases and 2,287 healthy controls. The results indicated that survivin −31G>C polymorphism was associated with increased risk of GIT cancer. In the stratified analysis by cancer types, significant associations were observed between survivin −31G>C polymorphism and increased risk of colorectal and gastric cancers. However, the lack of association of survivin −31G>C polymorphism with esophageal cancer risk may be due to a lack of a sufficient number of eligible studies and the influence of different genetic and environmental factors. Conclusion Results from the current meta-analysis suggests that survivin −31G>C polymorphism might increase the risk of GIT cancer, especially among gastric and colorectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiyan Qi
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, Shenyang, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, Shenyang, China
| | - Chongan Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, Shenyang, China
- * E-mail:
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Li C, Ji L, Ding ZY, Zhang QD, Huang GR. Overexpression of KPNA2 correlates with poor prognosis in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:1021-6. [PMID: 23283818 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-012-0641-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the expression and significance of KPNA2 in human gastric adenocarcinoma progression and prognosis. Using immunohistochemistry and real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay, we identified abnormally elevated expression of KPNA2 in gastric adenocarcinoma tissues compared to paired normal stomach mucosa tissues in 30 patients (p < 0.05). In order to investigate the correlations between KPNA2 and the clinicopathological features of gastric adenocarcinoma, the expression of KPNA2 in 142 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the results showed that overexpression of KPNA2 was associated with the size of tumor (p < 0.001), histological grade (p < 0.001), lymph node involvement (p = 0.001), and tumor node metastasis stage (p < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with high KPNA2 expression showed a significantly shorter overall survival time compared with patients with low KPNA2 expression. Multivariate analysis suggested that KPNA2 expression might be an independent prognostic indicator (p < 0.001) for the survival of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. In conclusion, overexpression of KPNA2 is closely related to progression of gastric adenocarcinoma and might be regarded as an independent predictor of poor prognosis for gastric adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.169, Zhongshan South Road, Xuzhou, 221000, China
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Kuusisto HV, Wagstaff KM, Alvisi G, Roth DM, Jans DA. Global enhancement of nuclear localization-dependent nuclear transport in transformed cells. FASEB J 2011; 26:1181-93. [PMID: 22155563 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-191585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fundamental to eukaryotic cell function, nucleocytoplasmic transport can be regulated at many levels, including through modulation of the importin/exportin (Imp/Exp) nuclear transport machinery itself. Although Imps/Exps are overexpressed in a number of transformed cell lines and patient tumor tissues, the efficiency of nucleocytoplasmic transport in transformed cell types compared with nontransformed cells has not been investigated. Here we use quantitative live cell imaging of 3 isogenic nontransformed/transformed cell pairs to show that nuclear accumulation of nuclear localization signal (NLS)-containing proteins, but not their NLS-mutated derivatives, is increased up to 7-fold in MCF10CA1h human epithelial breast carcinoma cells and in simian virus 40 (SV40)-transformed fibroblasts of human and monkey origin, compared with their nontransformed counterparts. The basis for this appears to be a significantly faster rate of nuclear import in transformed cell types, as revealed by analysis using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching for the human MCF10A/MCF10CA1h cell pair. Nuclear accumulation of NLS/nuclear export signal-containing (shuttling) proteins was also enhanced in transformed cell types, experiments using the nuclear export inhibitor leptomycin B demonstrating that efficient Exp-1-mediated nuclear export was not impaired in transformed compared with nontransformed cells. Enhanced nuclear import and export efficiencies were found to correlate with 2- to 4-fold higher expression of specific Imps/Exps in transformed cells, as indicated by quantitative Western blot analysis, with ectopic expression of Imps able to enhance NLS nuclear accumulation levels up to 5-fold in nontransformed MCF10A cells. The findings indicate that transformed cells possess altered nuclear transport properties, most likely due to the overexpression of Imps/Exps. The findings have important implications for the development of tumor-specific drug nanocarriers in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henna V Kuusisto
- Nuclear Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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Ito T, Sato F, Kan T, Cheng Y, David S, Agarwal R, Paun BC, Jin Z, Olaru AV, Hamilton JP, Selaru FM, Yang J, Matsumura N, Shimizu K, Abraham JM, Shimada Y, Mori Y, Meltzer SJ. Polo-like kinase 1 regulates cell proliferation and is targeted by miR-593* in esophageal cancer. Int J Cancer 2011; 129:2134-46. [PMID: 21170987 PMCID: PMC3176391 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is overexpressed in various human cancers. However, the biological functions and the post-transcriptional regulations of PLK1 in esophageal cancer (EC) are still unknown. The purposes of our study are to determine whether PLK1 can be a molecular target of EC therapy and to identify a microRNA (miRNA) targeting PLK1. We performed loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments regarding cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, in vivo tumor formation and luciferase reporter assays, using siRNAs against PLK1 and miRNA. PLK1 protein was expressed in all 11 EC cell lines, but not in normal esophageal epithelial cells (HEEpiC). Knockdown of PLK1 in EC cells induced G2/M arrest (p < 0.001) in cell cycle assay and reduced cell proliferation (p = 0.019) and tumor formation ability in vivo (p < 0.0001). MiR-593*, identified as a miRNA targeting PLK1 by a database search, was less expressed especially in six EC cell lines than HEEpiC cells. Moreover, miR-593* expression level was inversely correlated with PLK1 mRNA level in 48 clinical tissue specimens of EC (p = 0.006). Introduction of synthetic miR-593* suppressed PLK1 expression by 69-73%, reduced cell proliferation (p = 0.008) and increased cell proportion of G2/M phase (p = 0.01) in HSA/c (an EC cells), whereas a miR-593* inhibitor upregulated PLK1 expression by 11-55%. Additionally, luciferase assay demonstrated that miR-593* interacted two binding sites in the PLK1 3'-UTR and reduced 56.8-71.5% of luciferase activity by degrading luciferase mRNA in HSA/c cells. In conclusion, PLK1 is post-transcriptionally regulated by miR-593* and could be a promising molecular target for EC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Ito
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Fumiaki Sato
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Nanobio Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Kan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yulan Cheng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Stefan David
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rachana Agarwal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bogdan C. Paun
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Zhe Jin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alexandru V. Olaru
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - James P. Hamilton
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Florin M. Selaru
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jian Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nobutoshi Matsumura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kazuharu Shimizu
- Department of Nanobio Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - John M. Abraham
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yutaka Shimada
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yuriko Mori
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Stephen J. Meltzer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Upadhyay R, Khurana R, Kumar S, Ghoshal UC, Mittal B. Role of survivin gene promoter polymorphism (-31G>C) in susceptibility and survival of esophageal cancer in northern India. Ann Surg Oncol 2010; 18:880-7. [PMID: 20957442 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-010-1371-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Survivin is an upregulated inhibitor of apoptosis protein in esophageal cancer (EC), and a promoter region polymorphism (-31G>C) in the survivin gene has been reported as a modulator of gene expression. We aim to explore the role of survivin -31G>C polymorphism in susceptibility and survival of EC patients in northern Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS A case-control study was performed in 500 subjects (250 EC patients and 250 controls), and genotyping was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. RESULTS Survivin CC genotype was found to be significantly associated with EC susceptibility [odds ratio (OR) = 2.29; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.27-4.14; P = 0.006], particularly in males (OR = 4.91; 95% CI = 2.19-11.02; P = 0.0001) having squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) histopathology (OR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.36-4.21; P = 0.002) at middle third esophagus location (OR = 2.60; 95% CI = 1.40-4.82; P = 0.002). Patients carrying CC genotype were found to have higher susceptibility to lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.82; 95% CI = 1.46-5.48; P = 0.002). However, on survival analysis, no prognostic role of survivin -31G>C polymorphism was detected. In case-only analysis, no gene-environment interaction was observed. CONCLUSION Survivin promoter region polymorphism (-31G>C) is associated with susceptibility and clinical characteristics but not prognosis of esophageal cancer in northern Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Upadhyay
- Department of Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Mityaev MV, Kopantzev EP, Buzdin AA, Vinogradova TV, Sverdlov ED. Enhancer element potentially involved in human survivin gene promoter regulation in lung cancer cell lines. Biochemistry Moscow 2010; 75:182-91. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297910020082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Shimada Y, Sato F, Shimizu K, Tsujimoto G, Tsukada K. cDNA microarray analysis of esophageal cancer: discoveries and prospects. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2009; 57:347-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s11748-008-0406-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2008] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Maru DM, Singh RR, Hannah C, Albarracin CT, Li YX, Abraham R, Romans AM, Yao H, Luthra MG, Anandasabapathy S, Swisher SG, Hofstetter WL, Rashid A, Luthra R. MicroRNA-196a is a potential marker of progression during Barrett's metaplasia-dysplasia-invasive adenocarcinoma sequence in esophagus. Am J Pathol 2009; 174:1940-8. [PMID: 19342367 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.080718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Barrett's esophagus (BE)/Barrett's metaplasia (BM) is a recognized precursor of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) with an intermediary stage of dysplasia. The low yield and high cost of endoscopic screening of patients with BE underscores the need for novel biomarkers, such as microRNA (miRNA), which have emerged as important players in neoplastic progression for risk assessment of developing dysplasia/adenocarcinoma. Recently, we reported highly elevated levels of miRNA-196a (miR-196a) in EA and demonstrated its growth-promoting and anti-apoptotic functions. Here, we evaluated miR-196a as a marker of BE progression to low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia, and EA using microdissected paraffin-embedded tissues from 11 patients. Higher levels of miR-196a were observed in EA, BE, and dysplastic lesions compared with normal squamous mucosa, and in high-grade dysplasia compared with BE and low-grade dysplasia. Using frozen tumor tissues from 10 additional patients who had advanced EA, we evaluated the correlation of miR-196a with its in silico-predicted targets, keratin 5 (KRT5), small proline-rich protein 2C (SPRR2C), and S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9), which are down-regulated during BE progression. MiR-196a levels inversely correlated with the predicted target mRNA levels in EA. We confirmed that miR-196a specifically targets KRT5, SPRR2C, and S100A9 3' UTRs using miR-196a-mimic and luciferase reporter-based assays. In conclusion, this study identified miR-196a as a potential marker of progression of BE and KRT5, SPRR2C, and S100A9 as its targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipen M Maru
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, USA
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Ito T, Shimada Y, Kan T, David S, Cheng Y, Mori Y, Agarwal R, Paun B, Jin Z, Olaru A, Hamilton JP, Yang J, Abraham JM, Meltzer SJ, Sato F. Pituitary tumor-transforming 1 increases cell motility and promotes lymph node metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Res 2008; 68:3214-24. [PMID: 18451147 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-3043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Human pituitary tumor-transforming 1 (PTTG1)/securin is a putative oncoprotein that is overexpressed in various tumor types. However, the involvement of PTTG1 in gastrointestinal cancer development and progression remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the clinical significance and biological effects of PTTG1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Immunohistochemical studies performed on 113 primary ESCC specimens revealed a high prevalence of PTTG1 overexpression (60.2%), which was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (regional, P = 0.042; distant, P = 0.005), advanced tumor stage (P = 0.028), and poorer overall survival (P = 0.017, log-rank test; P = 0.044, Cox proportional hazard model). Eleven ESCC cell lines expressed PTTG1 protein at levels 2.4 to 6.6 times higher than those in normal esophageal epithelial cells (HEEpiC). PTTG1 protein expression was confined to the nucleus in HEEpiC cells but present in both the cytoplasm and nucleus in ESCC cells. Two small interfering RNAs (siRNA) inhibited PTTG1 mRNA and protein expression in three ESCC cell lines by 77% to 97%. In addition, PTTG1 down-regulation by these siRNAs significantly reduced cell motility in all three ESCC cell lines (P < 0.01) in vitro, as well as popliteal lymph node metastases of ESCC cells in nude mice (P = 0.020). Global gene expression profiling suggested that several members of the Ras and Rho gene families, including RRAS, RHOG, ARHGAP1, and ARHGADIA, represented potential downstream genes in the PTTG1 pathway. Taken together, these findings suggest that PTTG1 overexpression promotes cell motility and lymph node metastasis in ESCC patients, leading to poorer survival. Thus, PTTG1 constitutes a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in ESCCs with lymph node metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Ito
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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