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Siregar KAAK, Syaifie PH, Jauhar MM, Arda AG, Rochman NT, Kustiawan PM, Mardliyati E. Revealing curcumin therapeutic targets on SRC, PPARG, MAPK8 and HSP90 as liver cirrhosis therapy based on comprehensive bioinformatic study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38217310 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2301534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Cirrhosis naturally progresses through three stages: compensated, decompensated, and late decompensated, which carry an elevated risk of death. Although curcumin's anti-cirrhosis effects have been studied, underlying mechanism in preventing cirrhosis progression and the correlation between curcumin's action with upregulated genes remains insufficiently explored. In this study, we employed network pharmacology approach to construct a drug-target-disease network through bioinformatics and validate the findings with molecular docking and dynamic simulation. The curcumin-targeted liver cirrhosis network encompassed 54 nodes with 282 edges in protein-protein interactions (PPI) network. By utilizing network centrality analysis, we identified eight crucial genes. KEGG enrichment pathway revealed that these crucial genes are involved in pathway of cancer, endocrine resistance, estrogen signaling, chemical carcinogenesis-receptor activation, lipid metabolism, and atherosclerosis. Notably, these eight genes predominantly participate in cancer-related pathways. Further investigation revealed upregulation of four genes and downregulation of four others in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. These upregulated genes-MAPK8, SRC, PPARG, and HSP90AA1-strongly correlated with reduced survival probability in liver hepatocellular carcinoma patients with survival times approximately under 4000 days (∼11 years). Molecular docking and molecular dynamic results exhibited curcumin's superior binding affinities and stability compared to native ligands of MAPK8, SRC, PPARG, and HSP90AA1 within 50 ns simulations. Moreover, MM-GBSA analysis showed stronger binding energy of curcumin to MAPK8, SRC, and HSP90AA1 than native ligand. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into curcumin's potential mechanisms in preventing liver cirrhosis progression, specifically in HCC. These findings offer a theoretical basis for further pharmacological research into anti-HCC effect of curcumin.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalish Arsy Al Khairy Siregar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur, Samarinda, Indonesia
- Center of Excellence Life Sciences, Nano Center Indonesia, South Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Putri Hawa Syaifie
- Center of Excellence Life Sciences, Nano Center Indonesia, South Tangerang, Indonesia
| | | | - Adzani Gaisani Arda
- Center of Excellence Life Sciences, Nano Center Indonesia, South Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Nurul Taufiqu Rochman
- Center of Excellence Life Sciences, Nano Center Indonesia, South Tangerang, Indonesia
- Research Center for Advanced Material, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang, Indonesia
| | | | - Etik Mardliyati
- Center of Excellence Life Sciences, Nano Center Indonesia, South Tangerang, Indonesia
- Research Center for Vaccine and Drug, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
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2
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Gao W, Shen R. Nanogel enhances the efficacy of MLN8237 in treating hepatocellular carcinoma. J Biomater Appl 2023; 38:527-537. [PMID: 37695622 DOI: 10.1177/08853282231202326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
MLN8237, a specific inhibitor of Aurora-A kinase, is proved to be a potential treatment strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nanogels improve the efficacy of doxorubicin. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the increase in the effect of nanogels on MLN8237 in inhibiting HCC. Doxorubicin or MLN8237 was used as an anti-tumor drug models which were packaged by organic solvent volatilization method to obtain the doxorubicin-loaded nanogel and the MLN8237-loaded nanogel. Subsequently, CCK8 assay, cell cycle assay, apoptosis assay, real-time PCR, western blotting assay and animal experiments were used to detect the effects of MLN8237 nanogel on the proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, tumor growth, mRNA and protein levels of aurora-A and PUMA, and AKT phosphorylation levels in HCC cell lines. The results show that the nanogels can realize pH-regulated hydrophobicity reversal, have certain stability, and can realize lysosomal escape. Moreover, the MLN8237-loaded nanogel has a stronger ability to inhibit HCC cell proliferation, block cell cycle, promote apoptosis and inhibit tumor growth than free MLN8237 by suppressing aurora-A and AKT phosphorylation. In short, nanogel can enhance the efficacy of MLN8237.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Tongxiang, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rongxing Shen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Tongxiang, Zhejiang, China
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Martínez MJ, Andreu AB, Barbini L. Cytotoxic activity of
Solanum tuberosum
polyphenolic extracts in human hepatocarcinoma cells is mediated by apoptosis and autophagy. J Food Sci 2022; 87:5303-5316. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Julia Martínez
- Instituto Investigaciones Biológicas, UE CONICET‐UNMDP, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata Deán Funes 3350 Mar del Plata Argentina
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology University of Miami Miami USA
| | - Adriana Balbina Andreu
- Instituto Investigaciones Biológicas, UE CONICET‐UNMDP, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata Deán Funes 3350 Mar del Plata Argentina
| | - Luciana Barbini
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata Deán Funes 3350 2nd floor Mar del Plata Argentina
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Luo J, Lu C, Feng M, Dai L, Wang M, Qiu Y, Zheng H, Liu Y, Li L, Tang B, Xu C, Wang Y, Yang X. Cooperation between liver-specific mutations of pten and tp53 genetically induces hepatocarcinogenesis in zebrafish. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:262. [PMID: 34416907 PMCID: PMC8377946 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02061-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver cancer, mainly hepatocellular carcinoma, is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide and has a poor prognosis due to insufficient understanding of hepatocarcinogenesis. Previous studies have revealed that the mutations in PTEN and TP53 are the two most common genetic events in hepatocarcinogenesis. Here, we illustrated the crosstalk between aberrant Pten and Tp53 pathways during hepatocarcinogenesis in zebrafish. METHODS We used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to establish several transgenic zebrafish lines with single or double tissue-specific mutations of pten and tp53 to genetically induce liver tumorigenesis. Next, the morphological and histological determination were performed to investigate the roles of Pten and Tp53 signalling pathways in hepatocarcinogenesis in zebrafish. RESULTS We demonstrated that Pten loss alone induces hepatocarcinogenesis with only low efficiency, whereas single mutation of tp53 failed to induce tumour formation in liver tissue in zebrafish. Moreover, zebrafish with double mutations of pten and tp53 exhibits a much higher tumour incidence, higher-grade histology, and a shorter survival time than single-mutant zebrafish, indicating that these two signalling pathways play important roles in dynamic biological events critical for the initiation and progression of hepatocarcinogenesis in zebrafish. Further histological and pathological analyses showed significant similarity between the tumours generated from liver tissues of zebrafish and humans. Furthermore, the treatment with MK-2206, a specific Akt inhibitor, effectively suppressed hepatocarcinogenesis in zebrafish. CONCLUSION Our findings will offer a preclinical animal model for genetically investigating hepatocarcinogenesis and provide a useful platform for high-throughput anticancer drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Luo
- Key laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Chunjiao Lu
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Meilan Feng
- Key laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Dai
- Key laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Maya Wang
- Key laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- Key laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huilu Zheng
- Key laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The first Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chuan Xu
- Integrative Cancer Center & Cancer Clinical Research Center, Cancer Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute Sichuan, School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Key laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
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Abstract
Globally, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer and cancer-related deaths. The therapeutic efficacy of locoregional and systemic treatment in patients with advanced HCC remains low, which results in a poor prognosis. The development of sorafenib for the treatment of HCC has resulted in a new era of molecular targeted therapy for this disease. However, the median overall survival was reported to be barely higher in the sorafenib treatment group than in the control group. Hence, in this review we describe the importance of developing more effective targeted therapies for the management of advanced HCC. Recent investigations of molecular signaling pathways in several cancers have provided some insights into developing molecular therapies that target critical members of these signaling pathways. Proteins involved in the Hedgehog and Notch signaling pathways, Polo-like kinase 1, arginine, histone deacetylases and Glypican-3 can be potential targets in the treatment of HCC. Monotherapy has limited therapeutic efficacy due to the development of inhibitory feedback mechanisms and induction of chemoresistance. Thus, emphasis is now on the development of personalized and combination molecular targeted therapies that can serve as ideal therapeutic strategies for improved management of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Ka-Man Chow
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon Wing-Lung Yau
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lui Ng
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Sherly Carolyn J, Selva Raj D, Malaikozhundan B, Govindarajan M, Alharbi NS, Kadaikunnan S, Khaled JM, Al-anbr MN, Alobaidi AS, Vaseeharan B. Anti-cancer, anti-biofilm, and anti-inflammatory properties of hen’s albumen: A photodynamic approach. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 28:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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7
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Yang L, Xu M, Cui CB, Wei PH, Wu SZ, Cen ZJ, Meng XX, Huang QG, Xie ZC. Diagnostic and prognostic values of the mRNA expression of excision repair cross-complementation enzymes in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:5313-5328. [PMID: 30464628 PMCID: PMC6225908 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s179043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The current study aims at using the whole genome expression profile chips for systematically investigating the diagnostic and prognostic values of excision repair cross-complementation (ERCC) genes in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and methods Whole genome expression profile chips were obtained from the GSE14520. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve, survival analysis, and nomogram were used to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic values of ERCC genes. Investigation of the potential function of ERCC8 was carried out by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and genome-wide coexpression analysis. Results ROC analysis suggests that six ERCC genes (ERCC1, ERCC2, ERCC3, ERCC4, ERCC5, and ERCC8) were dysregulated and may have potential to distinguish between HBV-related HCC tumor and paracancerous tissues (area under the curve of ROC ranged from 0.623 to 0.744). Survival analysis demonstrated that high ERCC8 expression was associated with a significantly decreased risk of recurrence (adjusted P=0.021; HR=0.643; 95% CI=0.442–0.937) and death (adjusted P=0.049; HR=0.631; 95% CI=0.399–0.998) in HBV-related HCC. Then, we also developed two nomograms for the HBV-related HCC individualized prognosis predictions. GSEA suggests that the high expression of ERCC8 may have involvement in the energy metabolism biological processes. As the genome-wide coexpression analysis and functional assessment of ERCC8 suggest, those coexpressed genes were significantly enriched in multiple biological processes of DNA damage and repair. Conclusion The present study indicates that six ERCC genes (ERCC1, ERCC2, ERCC3, ERCC4, ERCC5, and ERCC8) were dysregulated between HBV-related HCC tumor and paracancerous tissues and that the mRNA expression of ERCC8 may serve as a potential biomarker for the HBV-related HCC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China,
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Qilu Medical University, Zibo 255213, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Bao Cui
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China,
| | - Peng-Hai Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China,
| | - Shu-Zhi Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China,
| | - Zuo-Jie Cen
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xing-Xing Meng
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China,
| | - Qiong-Guang Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China,
| | - Zhi-Chun Xie
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China,
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8
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Zhang K, Wang T, Zhou H, Feng B, Chen Y, Zhi Y, Wang R. A Novel Aurora-A Inhibitor (MLN8237) Synergistically Enhances the Antitumor Activity of Sorafenib in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2018; 13:176-88. [PMID: 30292139 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Currently, sorafenib-based therapy is the standard treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and there is a strong rationale for investigating its use in combination with other agents to achieve better therapeutic effects. Aurora-A, a member of a family of mitotic serine/threonine kinases, is frequently overexpressed in human cancers and therefore represents a target for therapy. Here, we investigated a novel Aurora-A inhibitor, MLN8237, together with sorafenib in HCC cells in vitro and in vivo, and elucidated the possible molecular mechanism. Here, it was found that MLN8237 was strongly synergistic with sorafenib in inhibition of HCC progression by altering cell growth, cell-cycle regulation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. Mechanism dissection suggests that the combination of MLN8237 and sorafenib led to significant inhibition of the activation of phospho-Akt (p-Akt) and phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38 MAPK) and their downstream genes including CDK4, cyclinD1, and VEGFA. The activators of p-Akt and p-p38 MAPK signaling partially reversed the synergistic inhibitory effects of sorafenib and MLN8237 on HCC progression. Subsequent in vivo studies further confirmed the synergistic effects of sorafenib and MLN8237. Collectively, the newly developed sorafenib-MLN8237 combination may be a novel therapy to better inhibit HCC progression.
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9
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Anderson M, Choga WT, Moyo S, Bell TG, Mbangiwa T, Phinius BB, Bhebhe L, Sebunya TK, Lockman S, Marlink R, Kramvis A, Essex M, Musonda RM, Blackard JT, Gaseitsiwe S. Molecular Characterization of Near Full-Length Genomes of Hepatitis B Virus Isolated from Predominantly HIV Infected Individuals in Botswana. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E453. [PMID: 30205537 DOI: 10.3390/genes9090453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization plans to eliminate hepatitis B and C Infections by 2030. Therefore, there is a need to study and understand hepatitis B virus (HBV) epidemiology and viral evolution further, including evaluating occult (HBsAg-negative) HBV infection (OBI), given that such infections are frequently undiagnosed and rarely treated. We aimed to molecularly characterize HBV genomes from 108 individuals co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and chronic hepatitis B (CHB) or OBI identified from previous HIV studies conducted in Botswana from 2009 to 2012. Full-length (3.2 kb) and nearly full-length (~3 kb) genomes were amplified by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sequences from OBI participants were compared to sequences from CHB participants and GenBank references to identify OBI-unique mutations. HBV genomes from 50 (25 CHB and 25 OBI) individuals were successfully genotyped. Among OBI participants, subgenotype A1 was identified in 12 (48%), D3 in 12 (48%), and E in 1 (4%). A similar genotype distribution was observed in CHB participants. Whole HBV genome sequences from Botswana, representing OBI and CHB, were compared for the first time. There were 43 OBI-unique mutations, of which 26 were novel. Future studies using larger sample sizes and functional analysis of OBI-unique mutations are warranted.
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10
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Casciano JC, Bouchard MJ. Hepatitis B virus X protein modulates cytosolic Ca 2+ signaling in primary human hepatocytes. Virus Res 2018; 246:23-27. [PMID: 29307794 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, approximately 240 million people are chronically infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV); chronic HBV infection is associated with the development of life-threatening liver diseases. The HBV HBx protein alters hepatocyte physiology to promote HBV replication. We previously reported that HBx modulates calcium signaling to stimulate HBV replication in human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells and primary rat hepatocytes. Whether HBx modulates calcium signaling in a primary human hepatocyte, the natural site of an HBV infection, has not been determined. Here, we report the effect of HBx on calcium signaling in primary human hepatocytes and show that HBx modulates calcium signaling via enhanced calcium entry through store-operated calcium channels and elevated mitochondrial calcium, similar to HBx effects in HepG2 cells and primary rat hepatocytes. In addition to demonstrating that HBV and HBx affect calcium signaling in human hepatocytes, these studies also show that HBV and HBx regulation of calcium signaling is identical in primary human and rat hepatocytes, further validating the use of cultured primary rat hepatocytes for HBV studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Casciano
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology and Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Professional Studies, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael J Bouchard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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11
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Fernández-Bedmar Z, Anter J, Alonso-Moraga A, Martín de las Mulas J, Millán-Ruiz Y, Guil-Luna S. Demethylating and anti-hepatocarcinogenic potential of hesperidin, a natural polyphenol ofCitrusjuices. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:1653-1662. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaouad Anter
- Department of Genetics, Campus Rabanales; University of Cordoba; Cordoba Spain
| | | | | | - Yolanda Millán-Ruiz
- Department of Comparative Pathology, Campus Rabanales; University of Cordoba; Cordoba Spain
| | - Silvia Guil-Luna
- Department of Comparative Pathology, Campus Rabanales; University of Cordoba; Cordoba Spain
- Department of Oncology; Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía Hospital; University of Córdoba; Cordoba Spain
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12
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Abstract
Epidemiology: incidence and prevalence:
About 5% of the world’s population has chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV)
infection, and nearly 25% of carriers develop chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The prevalence of chronic HBV infection in human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals is 5%-15%; HIV/HBV coinfected
individuals have a higher level of HBV replication, with higher rates of
chronicity, reactivation, occult infection, and HCC than individuals with HBV
only. The prevalence of HBV genotype A is significantly higher among men who
have sex with men (MSM), compared with the rest of the population.
Molecular mechanisms of infection, pathology, and
symptomatology: HBV replication begins with entry into the
hepatocyte. Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide was identified in
2012 as the entry receptor of HBV. Although chronic hepatitis B develops slowly,
HIV/HBV coinfected individuals show more rapid progression to cirrhosis and HCC.
Transmission and protection: The most common sources
of HBV infection are body fluids. Hepatitis B (HB) vaccination is recommended
for all children and adolescents, and all unvaccinated adults at risk for HBV
infection (sexually active individuals such as MSM, individuals with
occupational risk, and immunosuppressed individuals). Although HB vaccination
can prevent clinical infections (hepatitis), it cannot prevent 100% of
subclinical infections. Treatment and curability:
The goal of treatment is reducing the risk of complications
(cirrhosis and HCC). Pegylated interferon alfa and nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs)
are the current treatments for chronic HBV infection. NAs have improved the
outcomes of patients with cirrhosis and HCC, and decreased the incidence of
acute liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Inoue
- Clinical Laboratory, Nagoya City University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Clinical Laboratory, Nagoya City University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan. ; Department of Virology & Liver unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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Lee D, Lyu H, Chung YH, Kim JA, Mathews P, Jaffee E, Zheng L, Yu E, Lee YJ, Ryu SH. Genomic change in hepatitis B virus associated with development of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5393-5399. [PMID: 27340355 PMCID: PMC4910660 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i23.5393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the genomic changes in hepatitis B virus (HBV) and evaluate their role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients chronically infected with genotype C HBV.
METHODS: Two hundred and forty chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients were subjected and followed for a median of 105 mo. HCC was diagnosed in accordance with AASLD guidelines. The whole X, S, basal core promoter (BCP), and precore regions of HBV were sequenced using the direct sequencing method.
RESULTS: All of the subjects were infected with genotype C HBV. Out of 240 CHB patients, 25 (10%) had C1653T and 33 (14%) had T1753V mutation in X region; 157 (65%) had A1762T/G1764A mutations in BCP region, 50 (21%) had G1896A mutation in precore region and 67 (28%) had pre-S deletions. HCC occurred in 6 patients (3%). The prevalence of T1753V mutation was significantly higher in patients who developed HCC than in those without HCC. The cumulative occurrence rates of HCC were 5% and 19% at 10 and 15 years, respectively, in patients with T1753V mutant, which were significantly higher than 1% and 1% in those with wild type HBV (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: The presence of T1753V mutation in HBV X-gene significantly increases the risk of HCC development in patients chronically infected with genotype C HBV.
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15
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Ho YJ, Lin YM, Huang YC, Yeh KT, Lin LI, Lu JW. Tissue microarray-based study of hepatocellular carcinoma validating SPIB as potential clinical prognostic marker. Acta Histochem 2016; 118:38-45. [PMID: 26610895 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the prognostic significance of SPIB protein overexpression in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the level of SPIB expression in human HCC in order to determine possible correlations between SPIB expression and clinicopathological findings. The expression of SPIB proteins was detected using immunohistochemical staining in commercial multiple-tissue microarrays as a means of examining expression profiles in patients. Using online biomarker validation tool SurvExpress, we focused on the correlation between SPIB overexpression and survival as well as relapse-free survival (RFS). Results show that SPIB protein expression levels were significantly higher in colon, liver, and stomach tumors than in non-tumor tissues (p<0.05). SPIB overexpression in patients with HCC was also significantly higher than that of the normal samples (p<0.001). Among patients with liver disease, SPIB protein expression levels differ significantly according to the stage of liver disease, specifically between stages I, II, and III of HCC (p<0.05). SPIB expression was also shown to be significantly correlated with age (p=0.046) and histological grade (p=0.027). Furthermore, the SurvExpress analysis suggested that high SPIB and KI-67 mRNA expression were significantly associated with the poor survival of patients with HCC (p<0.05). Our results indicate that cross-talk in the expression of SPIB and KI-67 may be associated with poor prognosis and may potentially serve as a clinical prognostic indicator of HCC. This is the first time that such an association has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jung Ho
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yueh-Min Lin
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Chi Huang
- Department of Styling & Cosmetology, Hsin Sheng Junior College of Medical Care and Management, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Kun-Tu Yeh
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Liang-In Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jeng-Wei Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Lu JW, Ho YJ, Yang YJ, Liao HA, Ciou SC, Lin LI, Ou DL. Zebrafish as a disease model for studying human hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:12042-12058. [PMID: 26576090 PMCID: PMC4641123 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i42.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the world’s most common cancers and the second leading cause of cancer deaths. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a primary hepatic cancer, accounts for 90%-95% of liver cancer cases. The pathogenesis of HCC consists of a stepwise process of liver damage that extends over decades, due to hepatitis, fatty liver, fibrosis, and cirrhosis before developing fully into HCC. Multiple risk factors are highly correlated with HCC, including infection with the hepatitis B or C viruses, alcohol abuse, aflatoxin exposure, and metabolic diseases. Over the last decade, genetic alterations, which include the regulation of multiple oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes and the activation of tumorigenesis-related pathways, have also been identified as important factors in HCC. Recently, zebrafish have become an important living vertebrate model organism, especially for translational medical research. In studies focusing on the biology of cancer, carcinogen induced tumors in zebrafish were found to have many similarities to human tumors. Several zebrafish models have therefore been developed to provide insight into the pathogenesis of liver cancer and the related drug discovery and toxicology, and to enable the evaluation of novel small-molecule inhibitors. This review will focus on illustrative examples involving the application of zebrafish models to the study of human liver disease and HCC, through transgenesis, genome editing technology, xenografts, drug discovery, and drug-induced toxic liver injury.
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Gahr S, Mayr C, Kiesslich T, Illig R, Neureiter D, Alinger B, Ganslmayer M, Wissniowski T, Fazio PD, Montalbano R, Ficker JH, Ocker M, Quint K. The pan-deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat affects angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma models via modulation of CTGF expression. Int J Oncol 2015. [PMID: 26202945 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications of chromatin components are significantly involved in the regulation of tumor suppressor gene and oncogene expression. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is an epigenetically regulated growth factor with functions in angiogenesis and cell-matrix interactions and plays a pivotal role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The pharmacologic inhibition of histone and protein deacetylases represents a new approach to interfere with pathways of apoptosis and angiogenesis. We investigated the effect of the pan-deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat (LBH589) on human HCC cell lines HepG2 (p53wt) and Hep3B (p53null) and in a subcutaneous xenograft model and explored the influence on angiogenesis. Specimens were characterized by quantitative real-time PCR. Protein was separated for western blotting against CTGF, VEGF, VEGF receptor-1 (VEGFR-1/FLT-1), VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2/KDR), MAPK and phospho-MAPK. In vivo, HepG2 cells were xenografted to NMRI mice and treated with daily i.p. injections of 10 mg/kg panobinostat. After 1, 7 and 28 days, real-time PCR was performed. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were examined after 28 days. An increased significant expression of CTGF was only seen after 24 h treatment with 0.1 µM panobinostat in HepG2 cells and Hep3B cells, whereas after 72 h treatment CTGF expression clearly decreased. In the xenografts, treatment with panobinostat showed a minimal CTGF expression after 1 day and 4 weeks, respectively. In vitro as well as in vivo, VEGF was not affected by panobinostat treatment at any time. In conclusion, panobinostat influences extracellular signaling cascades via CTGF-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Gahr
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Mayr
- Laboratory for Tumour Biology and Experimental Therapies, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tobias Kiesslich
- Laboratory for Tumour Biology and Experimental Therapies, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Romana Illig
- Institute of Pathology, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Private Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Neureiter
- Institute of Pathology, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Private Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Beate Alinger
- Institute of Pathology, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Private Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Marion Ganslmayer
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Till Wissniowski
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pietro Di Fazio
- Institute for Surgical Research, Phillips University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Roberta Montalbano
- Institute for Surgical Research, Phillips University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Joachim H Ficker
- Klinikum Nuernberg, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Ocker
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl Quint
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Scoparo CT, Valdameri G, Worfel PR, Guterres FALB, Martinez GR, Winnischofer SMB, Di Pietro A, Rocha MEM. Dual properties of hispidulin: antiproliferative effects on HepG2 cancer cells and selective inhibition of ABCG2 transport activity. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 409:123-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2518-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Yano Y, Azuma T, Hayashi Y. Variations and mutations in the hepatitis B virus genome and their associations with clinical characteristics. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:583-592. [PMID: 25848482 PMCID: PMC4381181 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i3.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is major global issue, because chronic HBV infection is strongly associated with liver cancer. HBV spread worldwide with various mutations and variations. This variability, called quasispecies, is derived from no proof-reading capacity of viral reverse transcriptase. So far, thousands of studies reported that the variety of genome is closely related to the geographic distribution and clinical characteristics. Recent technological advances including capillary sequencer and next generation sequencer have made in easier to analyze mutations. The variety of HBV genome is related to not only antigenicity of HBs-antigen but also resistance to antiviral therapies. Understanding of these variations is important for the development of diagnostic tools and the appropriate therapy for chronic hepatitis B. In this review, recent publications in relation to HBV mutations and variations are updated and summarized.
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Li N, Zheng D, Xue J, Guo W, Shi J, Sun J, Lu C, Zheng W, Wu M, Cheng S. Cidan inhibits liver cancer cell growth by reducing COX-2 and VEGF expression and cell cycle arrest. Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:1709-1718. [PMID: 26136881 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cidan is a traditional Chinese medicine formula that has been used for >10 years as an antitumor drug. In the present study, the antitumor effect of cidan on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated. A total of 372 patients with primary HCC, as confirmed by pathological examination in the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital and Beijing Oncology Hospital of Weida TCM, were prospectively enrolled in the study. In total, 92 patients were treated with cidan capsules for three months postoperatively, while 280 patients served as controls. The efficacy of cidan was analyzed by monitoring associated symptoms and liver function tests, including measuring the levels of α-1-fetoprotein, α-L-fucosidase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and γ-glutamyl transferase. In addition, in vivo analysis was performed using mice Hepa1-6 xenograft models, while in vitro studies were performed with SMMC-7721 and CSQT-1 cells; this included cidan-dependent cell viability and migration assays, cell cycle analyses and the evaluation of cidan effects on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA transcription rates using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The postoperative two-year overall survival (77 and 58% for the cidan and control groups, respectively; P<0.01) and disease-free survival (36 and 24% for the cidan and control groups, respectively; P<0.01) rates were superior in the cidan-treated group when compared with the control. In addition, the size and weight of the tumor xenografts in the C57BL/6 mice were significantly reduced in a time- and dose-dependent manner following cidan treatment (P<0.01). Cidan significantly reduced the cell viability of SMMC-7721 and CSQT-1 cells after four and five days when compared with the control (P<0.01). Furthermore, COX-2 and VEGF mRNA expression levels decreased following cidan treatment (P<0.01), and cidan treatment resulted in enhanced G1 and G2/M cell cycle arrest of CSQT-1 cells. Therefore, cidan effectively inhibited cell proliferation, reduced cell viability and downregulated COX-2 and VEGF expression levels in hepatoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Donghai Zheng
- Beijing Oncology Hospital Of Weida TCM, Beijing 100023, P.R. China
| | - Jie Xue
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Weixing Guo
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Jie Shi
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Juxian Sun
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Chongde Lu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Weida Zheng
- Beijing Oncology Hospital Of Weida TCM, Beijing 100023, P.R. China
| | - Mengchao Wu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Shuqun Cheng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
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Jiao HK, Xu Y, Li J, Wang W, Mei Z, Long XD, Chen GQ. Prognostic significance of Cbx4 expression and its beneficial effect for transarterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1689. [PMID: 25766328 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Our recent investigations showed that polycomb chromobox 4 (Cbx4) promotes angiogenesis and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through its sumoylating action on hypoxia-inducible factor-1α protein. Here, we attempt to identify the prognostic significances of Cbx4 by a retrospective analyses in 727 cases of HCC patients with and without postoperative transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) or transarterial embolization (TAE). Binary logistic regression tests indicated that Cbx4 is correlated with histological grading, tumor-node-metastasis stage, microvessel density, distant metastasis and hematogenous metastasis of HCC. By univariate and multivariate analyses, we show that Cbx4 is an independent prognostic factor of HCC, and both TAE and TACE treatments have no effects on the overall survival in HCC patients with low Cbx4 expression. More intriguingly, TACE prolongs, while TAE shortens, the overall survival of HCC patients with high Cbx4 expression, indicating that Cbx4 is a good biomarker on decision-making to perform postoperative TACE in HCC patients. Moreover, Cbx4 overexpression enhances while Cbx4 silencing antagonizes doxorubicin-induced cell death of HCC cell lines. In conclusion, Cbx4 is an independent prognostic factor for HCC patients, and the patients with high Cbx4 expression should receive postoperative TACE treatment to improve their survival.
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Nair SV, Ziaullah, Rupasinghe HP. Fatty acid esters of phloridzin induce apoptosis of human liver cancer cells through altered gene expression. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107149. [PMID: 25229655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phloridzin (phlorizin or phloretin 2′-O-glucoside) is known for blocking intestinal glucose absorption. We have investigated the anticarcinogenic effect of phloridzin and its novel derivatives using human cancer cell lines. We have synthesised novel acylated derivatives of phloridzin with six different long chain fatty acids by regioselective enzymatic acylation using Candida Antarctica lipase B. The antiproliferative effects of the new compounds were investigated in comparison with the parent compounds, phloridzin, aglycone phloretin, the six free fatty acids and chemotherapeutic drugs (sorafenib, doxorubicin and daunorubicin) using human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells, human breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells and acute monocytic leukemia THP-1 cells along with normal human and rat hepatocytes. The fatty acid esters of phloridzin inhibited significantly the growth of the two carcinoma and leukemia cells while similar treatment doses were not toxic to normal human or rat hepatocytes. The antiproliferative potency of fatty esters of phloridzin was comparable to the potency of the chemotherapeutic drugs. The fatty acid esters of phloridzin inhibited DNA topoisomerases IIα activity that might induce G0/G1 phase arrest, induced apoptosis via activation of caspase-3, and decreased ATP level and mitochondrial membrane potential in HepG2 cells. Based on the high selectivity on cancer cells, decosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ester of phloridzin was selected for gene expression analysis using RT2PCR human cancer drug target array. Antiproliferative effect of DHA ester of phloridzin could be related to the down regulation of anti-apoptotic gene (BCL2), growth factor receptors (EBFR family, IGF1R/IGF2, PDGFR) and its downstream signalling partners (PI3k/AKT/mTOR, Ras/Raf/MAPK), cell cycle machinery (CDKs, TERT, TOP2A, TOP2B) as well as epigenetics regulators (HDACs). These results suggest that fatty esters of phloridzin have potential chemotherapeutic effects mediated through the attenuated expression of several key proteins involved in cell cycle regulation, DNA topoisomerases IIα activity and epigenetic mechanisms followed by cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
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Lin L, Yao Z, Bhuvaneshwar K, Gusev Y, Kallakury B, Yang S, Shetty K, He AR. Transcriptional regulation of STAT3 by SPTBN1 and SMAD3 in HCC through cAMP-response element-binding proteins ATF3 and CREB2. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:2393-403. [PMID: 25096061 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoskeletal protein Spectrin, beta, non-erythrocytic 1 (SPTBN1), an adapter protein to SMAD3 in TGF-β signaling, may prevent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development by downregulating the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). To elucidate the as yet undefined mechanisms that regulate this process, we demonstrate that higher levels of STAT3 transcription are found in livers of heterozygous SPTBN1(+/-) mice as compared to that of wild type mice. We also found increased levels of STAT3 mRNA, STAT3 protein, and p-STAT3 in human HCC cell-lines after knockdown of SPTBN1 or SMAD3, which promoted cell colony formation. Inhibition of STAT3 overrode the increase in cell colony formation due to knockdown of SPTBN1 or SMAD3. We also found that inhibition of SPTBN1 or SMAD3 upregulated STAT3 promoter activity in HCC cell-lines, which is dependent upon the cAMP-response element (CRE) and STAT-binding element (SBE) sites of the STAT3 promoter. Mechanistically, suppression of SPTBN1 and SMAD3 augmented the transcription of STAT3 by upregulating the CRE-binding proteins ATF3 and CREB2 and augmented the binding of those proteins to the regions within or upstream of the CRE site of the STAT3 promoter. Finally, in human HCC tissues, SPTBN1 expression correlated negatively with expression levels of STAT3, ATF3, and CREB2; SMAD3 expression correlated negatively with STAT3 expression; and the level of phosphorylated SMAD3 (p-SMAD3) correlated negatively with ATF3 and CREB2 protein levels. SPTBN1 and SMAD3 collaborate with CRE-binding transcription factors to inhibit STAT3, thereby preventing HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lin
- Department of Medicine and Oncology and Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Zhixing Yao
- Department of Medicine and Oncology and Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Krithika Bhuvaneshwar
- Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Yuriy Gusev
- Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Bhaskar Kallakury
- Department of Medicine and Oncology and Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Shaoxian Yang
- Department of Medicine and Oncology and Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Kirti Shetty
- Department of Medicine and Oncology and Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Aiwu Ruth He
- Department of Medicine and Oncology and Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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Nair SV, Hettihewa M, Rupasinghe HP. Apoptotic and inhibitory effects on cell proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells by methanol leaf extract of Costus speciosus. Biomed Res Int 2014; 2014:637098. [PMID: 24818148 DOI: 10.1155/2014/637098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Costus speciosus is a medicinal plant commonly known as wild ginger distributed in South and Southeast Asian countries. Leaves of this plant are used for ayurvedic treatment regimes in malignancies and mental illness. Rhizome extract from the plant is used to treat malignancies, pneumonia, urinary disorders, jaundice, rheumatism, and diabetes. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of methanol extract of leaves of C. speciosus on the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells and understand possible mechanisms of its action. Viability of HepG2 cells were measured by MTS assay after 24 h and 48 h treatment with extracts of 1, 10, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL concentrations. Cell cycle analysis and apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry and caspase-3 induction. HepG2 cells treated with 100 μg/mL methanol leaf extract for 24 h displayed a significant reduction in cell viability (P ≤ 0.05). The methanol extract perturbed cell cycle progression, modulated cell cycle and regulated, signal molecules were involved in induction of apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Our findings indicate that phytochemicals of leaves of C. speciosus shows potential for natural therapeutic product development for hepatocellular carcinoma. This is the first report to demonstrate in vitro anticancer activity of leaf extract of C. speciosus in relation to liver cancer.
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Talaat RM, Salem TA, El-Masry S, Imbarek A, Mokhles M, Abdel-Aziz A. Circulating pro- and anti-angiogenic mediators in patients infected with hepatitis C at different stages of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Med Virol 2014; 86:1120-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roba M. Talaat
- Molecular Biology Department; Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), Sadat City University; Sadat City Egypt
| | - Tarek A. Salem
- Molecular Biology Department; Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), Sadat City University; Sadat City Egypt
| | - Samir El-Masry
- Molecular Biology Department; Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), Sadat City University; Sadat City Egypt
| | - Arafat Imbarek
- Molecular Biology Department; Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), Sadat City University; Sadat City Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mokhles
- Medical Biochemistry Department; Medical Division, National Research Center (NRC); Sadat City Egypt
| | - Amal Abdel-Aziz
- Molecular Biology Department; Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), Sadat City University; Sadat City Egypt
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers which are found in many Asian and African countries. There are several risk factors that may develop to HCC. Along with several other factors contributing to HCC, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection also accounts for a major cause. HBV infection represents a major health problem worldwide. Among all of HBV genes, HBx is believed to play a prominent role in carcinogenesis, although the actual mechanism is not yet fully understood. The HBx gene of HBV is the most common open reading frame that may undergo mutations and may develop into HCC. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the most important roles of HBx gene that may lead to the development of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anumol Mathew M
- Corporate R&D Centre, HLL Lifecare Limited, Akkulam, Sreekariyam (PO), Trivandrum 695017, Kerala, India
| | - Sumitha C Kurian
- Corporate R&D Centre, HLL Lifecare Limited, Akkulam, Sreekariyam (PO), Trivandrum 695017, Kerala, India
| | - Atul Philip Varghese
- Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, Pathanamthitta, Kerala, India
| | - Seema Oommen
- Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, Pathanamthitta, Kerala, India
| | - Manoj G
- Corporate R&D Centre, HLL Lifecare Limited, Akkulam, Sreekariyam (PO), Trivandrum 695017, Kerala, India
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Lu JW, Yang WY, Lin YM, Jin SLC, Yuh CH. Hepatitis B virus X antigen and aflatoxin B1 synergistically cause hepatitis, steatosis and liver hyperplasia in transgenic zebrafish. Acta Histochem 2013; 115:728-39. [PMID: 23499292 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and the hepatitis B virus X antigen (HBx) are linked to the formation of liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to investigate the synergistic effects between HBx and AFB1 in causing liver disorders using a transgenic zebrafish animal model. Histopathology, Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining, Sirius red staining, TdT-mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) assay, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (Q-RT-PCR) were used to examine the livers of the HBx transgenic fish injected with AFB1. We found that HBx and AFB1 synergistically promoted steatosis as indicated by histopathological examinations and the increased expression of lipogenic factors, enzymes, and genes related to lipid metabolism. Moreover, treatment of AFB1 in HBx transgenic fish accelerated the development of liver hyperplasia and enhanced the expression of cell cycle related genes. PCNA was co-localized with active caspase 3 protein expression in HBx zebrafish liver samples and human HBV positive HCC samples by double fluorescence immunostaining. Finally, we found that in human patients with liver disease, significant glycogen accumulated in the inflammation, cirrhosis stage, and all cases of hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinoma showed a moderate cytoplasmic accumulation of glycogen. Our data demonstrated a synergistic effect of AFB1 and HBx on the regulation of lipid metabolism related genes and cell cycle/division-related genes which might contribute to enhanced steatosis and hyperplasia at 5.75months.
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Bai G, Fu F, Tang Y, Wang Y. Effect of hepatitis B virus infection on apoptosis of a human choriocarcinoma cell line in vitro. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2013; 39:1200-11. [PMID: 23718864 DOI: 10.1111/jog.12046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect and mechanism of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection on the human choriocarcinoma cell line, JEG-3, in relation to apoptosis and intrauterine infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS HBV-DNA serum was used to infect the choriocarcinoma cell line, JEG-3, in vitro. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) was then employed to detect intracellular replication of HBV DNA. Cells were also stained with Annexin-V and propidium iodide (PI) to identify the stages of apoptosis following infection. In addition, reverse transcription PCR was used to detect intracellular HBx mRNA levels, and Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to detect changes in the intracellular expression of HBxAg and phosphatidylinositol kinase 3 (PI3K). Flow cytometry was also used to detect the intracellular levels of phosphorylated AKT (pAKT). RESULTS After JEG-3 cells were infected with HBV in vitro, HBV DNA was detected. The percentage of cells in early and late stage apoptosis also decreased significantly. Expression of HBx mRNA and HBxAg were detected, and intracellular levels of PI3K and pAKT were observed to significantly increase. CONCLUSION HBV infected JEG-3 cells in vitro, resulting in an inhibition of early and late stage apoptosis. In addition, the HBxAg/PI3K/pAKT pathway is a possible mechanism mediating this inhibition of apoptosis, and the infection of the placenta by HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqin Bai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of limonin as potent anti carcinogenic, apoptosis and chemotherapeutic agents has been supported by limited studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, limonin is identified as a potent anti proliferative agent against human hepatoma HepG2 cells based on the cell viability study, LDH leakage assay. Induction of apoptosis in HepG2 cells by limonin was evidenced by western blot analysis of Bax, Cyclin D1, Caspase 3 and Caspase9. RESULTS Since Wnt signalling is involved in the initiation and sustaining of hepatocellular carcinoma we studied differential expression of LRP5, LRP6 and DKK wnt players. CONCLUSION Limonin found to down regulate these players which forms a rationale for further investigation on effect on limonin in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Langeswaran
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Bharath University, Tambaram, India
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Sumiyoshi S, Kobayashi Y, Kawamura K, Kawata K, Nakamura H. Differential expression of hepatic apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1, a DNA repair enzyme, in chronic hepatitis. World J Hepatol 2013; 5:206-213. [PMID: 23671725 PMCID: PMC3648652 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v5.i4.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine hepatic expression of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE-1) and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in patients with chronic hepatitis B and C.
METHODS: Liver biopsies were obtained from 27 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV), 30 with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV), 6 with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), and 6 with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Normal liver tissue was obtained from surgical resection specimens of four patients. Hepatic APE-1 protein and mRNA expression were assayed by Western blot and by real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Hepatocellular APE-1 and 8-OHdG expression were determined by immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS: The staining intensity of hepatocellular nuclear APE-1 was lower in the HBV group than in the other groups (P < 0.05). Hepatic APE-1 protein levels were reduced in the HBV group relative to the other groups. Hepatic APE-1 mRNA levels were also lower in the HBV group. The proportion of hepatocytes with 8-OHdG-positive nuclei was increased in the HCV, AIH and PBC groups (P < 0.05), but not in the HBV group. Hepatocellular nuclear APE-1 levels were positively correlated with hepatocellular 8-OHdG levels in both the HBV and HCV groups (HBV, r = 0.34, P < 0.05; HCV, r = 0.54, P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: An imbalance between oxidative DNA damage and APE-1 expression may contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis in chronic viral hepatitis.
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Datta S, Chatterjee S, Veer V, Chakravarty R. Molecular biology of the hepatitis B virus for clinicians. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2012; 2:353-65. [PMID: 25755457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the major global health problems, especially in economically under-developed or developing countries. HBV infection can lead to a number of clinical outcomes including chronic infection, cirrhosis and liver cancer. It ranks among the top 10 causes of death, being responsible for around 1 million deaths every year. Despite the availability of a highly efficient vaccine and potent antiviral agents, HBV infection still remains a significant clinical problem, particularly in those high endemicity areas where vaccination of large populations has not been possible due to economic reasons. Although HBV is among the smallest viruses in terms of virion and genome size, it has numerous unique features that make it completely distinct from other DNA viruses. It has a partially double stranded DNA with highly complex genome organization, life cycle and natural history. Remarkably distinct from other DNA viruses, it uses an RNA intermediate called pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) and reverse transcriptase for its genome replication. Genome replication is accomplished by a complex mechanism of primer shifting facilitated by direct repeat sequences encoded in the genome. Further, the genome has evolved in such a manner that every single nucleotide of the genome is used for either coding viral proteins or used as regulatory regions or both. Moreover, it utilizes internal in-frame translation initiation codons, as well as different reading frames from the same RNA to generate different proteins with diverse functions. HBV also shows considerable genetic variability which has been related with clinical outcomes, replication potential, therapeutic response etc. This review aims at reviewing fundamental events of the viral life cycle including viral replication, transcription and translation, from the molecular standpoint, as well as, highlights the clinical relevance of genetic variability of HBV.
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Key Words
- AUG, translation start codon
- BCP, basal core promoter
- CHB, chronic hepatitis B infection
- DR, direct repeat
- EBP, enhancer binding protein
- EN, enhancer
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- HBV, hepatitis B virus
- HBsAg
- HCC, hepatocellular cancer
- Hepadnavirus
- IL, interleukin
- LEF, liver enriched factors
- LHB, large envelope protein
- MHBs, middle hepatitis B surface antigen
- MHR, major hydrophilic region
- ORF, open reading frames
- PC, precore
- RT, reverse transcriptase
- SHBs, small hepatitis B surface antigen
- TGF-α, transforming growth factor-α
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α
- TP, terminal protein
- WHV, woodchuck hepatitis virus
- cccDNA, covalently closed circular
- dGMP, deoxyguanosine monophosphate
- genotype
- pHSA, poly-human serum albumin
- pgRNA
- pgRNA, pregenomic RNA
- rcDNA
- rcDNA, relaxed circular DNA
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Jung SW, Park NH, Shin JW, Park BR, Kim CJ, Lee JE, Shin ES, Kim JA, Chung YH. Polymorphisms of DNA repair genes in Korean hepatocellular carcinoma patients with chronic hepatitis B: possible implications on survival. J Hepatol 2012; 57:621-7. [PMID: 22659345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We aimed at determining whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of DNA repair genes influence the development and clinical outcomes of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS We evaluated 14 SNPs of eight DNA repair genes in 708 patients with HCC and 388 HBsAg positive controls without HCC. The Kaplan-Meier methods with log-rank test and Cox regression models were used to compare survival of HCC patients according to the genotype. RESULTS The SNP of XRCC4 rs1805377 was significantly associated with decreased risk of HCC development (OR, 0.592; p=0.028) and improved overall survival of patients with HCC (median survival time (MST) of 48, 72, and 89 months for the AA, AG, and GG genotypes, respectively; p=0.044). In addition, SNP of OGG1 rs1053133 was significantly associated with postoperative recurrence (OR, 0.604; p=0.049), tumor differentiation (OR, 0.571; p=0.041), and improved survival of resected HCC (MST of 55 and 108 months for the GG and GC/CC genotypes, p=0.001). The multivariate analysis showed that OGG1 rs1052133, XRCC1 rs25487, ERCC5 rs2018836, ERCC5 rs3818356, and XRCC4 rs1805377 had a significant effect on survival. Moreover, a strong dose-dependent association was observed between the number of putative high-risk genotypes of OGG1, XRCC1, ERCC5, and XRCC4 with the overall survival. The MST of HCC with ≥2 putative high-risk genotypes was significantly prolonged compared to those with ≥3 high-risk genotypes (76 vs. 46 months, respectively, p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS Polymorphisms of DNA repair genes play a potential role in the development, progression, and survival of Korean HCC patients with chronic HBV infection.
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiproliferative effect of Eucalyptus citriodora resin (ECR) on human hepatoma HepG2 cells. The results from MTT assay and LDH leakage analysis showed that water extracts of ECR (WEECR) in the dose range of 0-500 μg/ml displayed stronger cytotoxic effects on HepG2 cells than other organic solvent extracts of ECR. By flow cytometry analysis, WEECR slowed down the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase after 24 h of incubation. Moreover, WEECR treatment induced an apoptotic response in HepG2 cells. WEECR-induced apoptosis was in association with the attenuation of mitochondrial transmembrane potentials (ΔΨ(m)), increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and activation of caspase-3. In addition, WEECR contained high concentration of phenolics and flavonoids, which may be responsible for the potent cytotoxicity of WEECR on HepG2 cells. Taken together, WEECR may be a potent antihepatoma agent due to apoptosis in HepG2 cells.
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Jiang YF, He B, Li NP, Ma J, Gong GZ, Zhang M. The oncogenic role of NS5A of hepatitis C virus is mediated by up-regulation of survivin gene expression in the hepatocellular cell through p53 and NF-κB pathways. Cell Biol Int 2011; 35:1225-32. [PMID: 21612579 DOI: 10.1042/CBI20110102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Approx. 4% of patients experiencing chronic infection of human HCV (hepatitis C virus) ultimately develop HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma). The NS5A (non-structural protein 5A) encoded by HCV has been reported to have an oncogenic role during HCV infection, but the precise mechanism remains largely unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the signal transduction pathways that mediate the role of NS5A in hepatocarcinogenesis. HepG2 cells were transfected with a plasmid expressing HCV NS5A protein. Subsequently, cell proliferation was analysed by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide] assay and cell counting, apoptosis was analysed by Hoechst 33342 staining, and the gene expression profile was identified by microarray and subsequently validated by RT-PCR (reverse transcription-PCR). The protein levels of survivin, p53, NOS2A (nitric oxide synthase 2A), cyclin D1 and NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) were monitored by Western blotting. Our results showed that transfection of HCV NS5A expression plasmid significantly down-regulated the expression of nine genes and up-regulated the expression of ten genes among the 104 genes detectable by the microarray associated with signalling transduction. The increased expression of survivin mRNA and protein, down-regulated p53 protein levels and increased NOS2A, cyclin D1 and NF-κB protein levels were further identified. Our results suggested that HCV NS5A protein can enhance survivin transcription by increasing p53 degradation and stimulating NOS2A expression as well as NF-κB relocation to the nucleus. The functions of survivin in anti-apoptosis and regulation of cell division might mediate the role of NS5A in HCV-induced HCC.
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Stagos D, Amoutzias GD, Matakos A, Spyrou A, Tsatsakis AM, Kouretas D. Chemoprevention of liver cancer by plant polyphenols. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2155-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Iatropoulos MJ, Duan JD, Jeffrey AM, Leach MW, Hayes AN, Stedman NL, Williams GM. Hepatocellular proliferation and hepatocarcinogen bioactivation in mice with diet-induced fatty liver and obesity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 65:451-6. [PMID: 22459205 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Human liver cancer is in part associated with obesity and related metabolic diseases. The present study was undertaken in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity (DIO) and hepatic steatosis, conditions which can be associated with hepatic neoplasia, to determine whether the rates of cell proliferation or hepatocarcinogen bioactivation were altered in ways which could facilitate hepatocarcinogenesis. DIO mice were generated by feeding C57BL/6 (B6) male mice a high-fat diet beginning at 4 weeks of age; age-matched conventional lean (LEAN) B6 mice fed a low fat diet (10% Kcal from fat) were used for comparison. Groups of 28 week old DIO and LEAN mice were dosed with the bioactivation-dependent DNA-reactive hepatocarcinogen 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF), at 2.24 or 22.4 mg/kg, given by gavage 3 times per week for 31 days, or received no treatment (DIO and LEAN control groups). Compared with the LEAN control group, the DIO control group had a higher mean body weight (16.5 g), higher mean absolute (1.4 g) and mean relative (25.5%) liver weights, higher (394%) liver triglyceride concentrations, and an increased incidence and severity of hepatocellular steatosis at the end of the dosing phase. The DIO control group also had a higher mean hepatocellular replicating fraction (31% increase, determined by proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunohistochemistry). Hepatocarcinogen bioactivation, based on formation of AAF DNA adducts as measured by nucleotide (32)P-postlabeling, was similar in both DIO and LEAN AAF-dosed groups. Thus, hepatocellular proliferation, but not hepatocarcinogen bioactivation, was identified as an alteration in livers of DIO mice which could contribute to their susceptibility to hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Iatropoulos
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
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Bai G, Wang Y, Zhang L, Tang Y, Fu F. The study on the role of hepatitis B virus X protein and apoptosis in HBV intrauterine infection. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2012; 285:943-9. [PMID: 21986716 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-011-2096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to understand the difference of HBxAg and PI3K signal transduction protein expressions in HBV-infected placenta and normal placenta, clarify the difference of the two in the degree of apoptosis and explore the potential role of inhibition of HBxAg/PI3 K/apoptosis in HBV intrauterine infection. METHODS Placenta tissues of 24 pregnant women with confirmed intrauterine infection and positive HBsAg were selected as the infection group, and those of normal healthy pregnant women were taken as the control group. Immunohistochemical SP staining method was employed to detect the expressions of HBxAg and PI3K in the placenta of each group, and TUNEL was applied for the assay of apoptosis. RESULTS HBxAg was detected in the placenta of HBV-infected group, and staining optical density value of high replication group (HBV DNA >1 × 10(3) copies/mL) was higher than that of low replication group (HBV DNA <1 × 10(3) copies/mL), and there was statistical significance (p < 0.05); PI3K expression levels in the placenta of HBV-infected groups were higher than that of the control group and there was statistical significance (p < 0.01), and staining optical density value of high replication group was higher than that of low replication group and it was statistically significant (p < 0.01); apoptosis index of HBV-infected high replication group was lower than that of low replication group and control group and there was statistical significance (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION HBV infected placenta tissues and then produced functional proteins HBxAg in trophoblast cells, and HBxAg/PI3 K/anti-apoptosis is the potential mechanism for pregnant women with HBV DNA high replication to have intrauterine infection while there exists different mechanism for pregnant women with negative HBV DNA.
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Tan XH, Cao J, Ou C, Wang DP. Significance of expression of CCT subunit γ in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2011; 19:2987-2990. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v19.i28.2987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the significance of expression of CCT subunit γ in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
METHODS: The expression of CCT subunit γ was detected by immunohistochemistry in 35 cases of HCC and tumor adjacent tissue and 12 cases of normal liver tissue.
RESULTS: The positive rate of CCT subunit γ expression in HCC was significantly higher than those in tumor adjacent and normal liver tissues (88.57% vs 62.86%, 41.67%, both P < 0.05). The expression of CCT subunit γ was not correlated with age, hepatitis B surface antigen, portal venous tumor emboli, AFP level, tumor size or clinical stage (all P > 0.05), but was negatively correlated with tumor differentiation (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: CCT subunit γ is overexpressed in HCC, and CCT overexpression may be related with HCC carcinogenesis.
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Lee MH, Kim DY, Kim JK, Chang HY, Kang SH, Ryu HJ, Ju HL, Kim SU, Lee JM, Park JY, Han KH, Chon CY, Ahn SH. Combination of preS deletions and A1762T/G1764A mutations in HBV subgenotype C2 increases the risk of developing HCC. Intervirology 2011; 55:296-302. [PMID: 21865669 DOI: 10.1159/000329941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interactions among hepatitis B virus (HBV) mutations in developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear and thus we investigated the risk of HCC related with single or multiple HBV mutations in Korean patients infected with HBV subgenotype C2. METHODS From January 2003 to December 2008, HBV isolates from 135 patients with HCC were compared with those from 135 patients without HCC, matching for age, gender, and HBeAg status. The prevalence of preS deletions and G1896A and A1762T/G1764A mutations was evaluated. RESULTS The frequency of preS deletions significantly differed between the non-HCC and HCC groups, with 6 (4.4%) versus 25 (18.5%) patients, respectively (p < 0.001). Additionally, the frequency of A1762T/G1764A mutations was higher in the HCC than the non-HCC group [82 (60.7%) versus 30 (22.2%), p < 0.001]. For combined mutations, the odds ratio (OR) was highest in patients with both preS deletions and the A1762T/G1764A mutation, with 1 (0.7%) versus 11 (8.1%) patients (p = 0.005; OR 11.887). CONCLUSIONS HCC was associated with preS deletions and A1762T/G1764A mutations, and the combination of both mutations had a stronger association with HCC in Korean patients infected with HBV subgenotype C2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Ha Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Zhang G, Wang Q, Xu R. Therapeutics Based on microRNA: A New Approach for Liver Cancer. Curr Genomics 2011; 11:311-25. [PMID: 21286309 PMCID: PMC2944997 DOI: 10.2174/138920210791616671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Revised: 04/11/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a serious public health hazard. Polygenes involvement, accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes and immune response of viral vector during gene therapy have resulted in the high mortality rate without marked change. To provide a safeguard for gene therapy and the feasibility for a clinical application, efforts have been focused predominantly upon constructing liver-targeted vector recently. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of short endogenous RNAs, regulate the gene expression at the post-transcriptional level through imperfect base pairing with the 3′-untranslated region of target mRNAs. miRNAs, especially the liver-specific miRNA: miR-122, have multiple functions in liver development and abnormal expression of miRNAs could lead to liver diseases. Altered miRNA expressions have been observed in HCCs, viral hepatitis and hepatic fibrosis. The different expression profiles of miRNAs in HCC suggest that miRNAs may serve as either novel potential targets acting directly as oncogenes or therapeutic molecules working as tumor suppressor genes. Moreover, the abundance in general and liver specificity in particular, all together make them attractive to be considered as elements for hepatic specific targeting viral vector. This review describes recent progress in miRNA investigation on liver associated for better understanding the relationship between miRNA and liver cancer in order to raise prospects for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Huaqiao University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362021, China
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Tan XH, Xu H, Wei CY, Cao J, Cui LF, Liu F. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of p21 promotes cell proliferation in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2011; 19:827-831. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v19.i8.827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of p21 on cell proliferation in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721.
METHODS: p21 knockdown was achieved in SMMC-7721 cells by lentivirus-mediated tranfection of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting the p21 gene. The expression of p21 mRNA and protein was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Cell cycle of 7721-p21 RNAi group (those transfected with p21 siRNA), 7721-NC group (those transfected with empty vecter) and 7721 group (those non-transfected) was determined by flow cytometry (FCM). Cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay and colony formation assay.
RESULTS: The expression of p21 mRNA and protein was obviously reduced in cells transfected with siRNA targeting the p21 gene. The percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase was significantly lower in 7721-p21 RNAi group than in 7721-NC group and 7721 group (32.82% ± 3.27% vs 61.25% ± 0.76%, 57.77% ± 4.08%, both P < 0.05). The growth of cells in 7721-p21 RNAi group was faster than that in 7721-NC group and 7721 group. The number of cell colonies formed in 7721-p21 RNAi group was significantly higher than those in 7721-NC group and 7721 group (81.24 ± 1.5 vs 51.67 ± 2.08, 52.73 ± 1.53, both P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: p21 can inhibit the proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells.
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Xu J, Liu L, Tang H. Antiviral therapy for hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma: Potential to reduce the tumor recurrence rates and/or improve overall survival. Med Hypotheses 2011; 76:457-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2010.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Yang X, Wang D, Dong W, Song Z, Dou K. Expression and modulation of Na(+) /H(+) exchanger 1 gene in hepatocellular carcinoma: A potential therapeutic target. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 26:364-70. [PMID: 21261728 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06382.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Na(+) /H(+) exchanger 1 (NHE1), a regulator of intracellular pH (pHi), plays a significant role in regulating tumor cell growth and apoptosis. In the present study, we determined its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Immunohistochemistry was carried out to detect NHE1 expression in HCC tissue for the correlation of NHE1 with clinicopathological data from patients. NHE1-siRNA and 5- (N-ethyl-N-isopropyl) amiloride (EIPA, highly specific inhibitor of NHE1) were used to assess the function of NHE1 in HCC cells by using gene transfection, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT), flow cytometry, and nude mouse xenograft assays as well as fluorescence spectroscopy. RESULTS We found that NHE1 expression was increased in HCC tissues and cells in which its expression was associated with the increased tumor size, venous invasion and advanced tumor stages. However, suppression of NHE1 expression by using NHE1-siRNA and EIPA reduced growth, but induced apoptosis of HCC cells. EIPA also inhibited tumor growth in nude mouse xenografts of HCC cells. CONCLUSIONS The data from our current study demonstrates that NHE1 was overexpressed in HCC and that inhibition of NHE1 could be a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuekang Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China
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Hagymási K, Tulassay Z. [New possibilities of targeted therapy in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with the help of molecular biology]. Orv Hetil 2010; 151:1763-8. [PMID: 20940115 DOI: 10.1556/oh.2010.28984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a poor prognosis. Approximately 85% of patients are not candidates for curative treatments at the time of diagnosis; hence palliative modalities (transcatheter arterial chemoembolisation, radiofrequency ablation, systemic chemotherapy) are used. Systemic chemotherapies have disappointing results. The increasing knowledge in the molecular biology of HCC will increase the possibilities of targeted therapy. The multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib is the only drug which has approved. The VEGF-inhibitors (bevacizumab, sunitinib), EGFR-blocker agents (erlotinib), as well as the inhibition of mTOR (rapamycin) are promising. Combination of sorafenib or other anti-angiogenic agents with local ablative procedure (transcatheter arterial chemoembolisation, radiofrequency ablation), or with curative hepatectomy also can be favorable. Alteration of Wnt pathway, retinoid compounds, inhibition of the cell cycle as well as the proteosome, and epigenetic therapy can be other potential promising targets in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Hagymási
- Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar II. Belgyógyászati Klinika Budapest.
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Baek JY, Morris SM, Campbell J, Fausto N, Yeh MM, Grady WM. TGF-beta inactivation and TGF-alpha overexpression cooperate in an in vivo mouse model to induce hepatocellular carcinoma that recapitulates molecular features of human liver cancer. Int J Cancer 2010; 127:1060-71. [PMID: 20020490 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) results from the cumulative effects of deregulated tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes. The tumor suppressor and oncogenes commonly affected include growth factors, receptors and their downstream signaling pathway components. The overexpression of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) and the inhibition of TGF-beta signaling are especially common in human liver cancer. Thus, we assessed whether TGF-alpha overexpression and TGF-beta signaling inactivation cooperate in hepatocarcinogenesis using an in vivo mouse model, MT1/TGFa;AlbCre/Tgfbr2(flx/flx) mice ("TGFa;Tgfbr2(hepko)"), which overexpresses TGF-alpha and lacks a TGF-beta receptor in the liver. TGF-beta signaling inactivation did not alter the frequency or number of cancers in mice with overexpression of TGF-alpha. However, the tumors in the TGFa;Tgfbr2(hepko) mice displayed increased proliferation and increased cdk2, cyclin E and cyclin A expression as well as decreased Cdkn1a/p21 expression compared to normal liver and compared to the cancers arising in the TGF-alpha overexpressing mice with intact TGF-beta receptors. Increased phosphorylated ERK1/2 expression was also present in the tumors from the TGFa;Tgfbr2(hepko) mice and correlated with downregulated Raf kinase inhibitor protein expression, which is a common molecular event in human HCC. Thus, TGF-beta signaling inactivation appears to cooperate with TGF-alpha in vivo to promote the formation of liver cancer that recapitulates molecular features of human HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Baek
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vivo antitumor effects of liquiritigenin (LQ) on H(22) Hepatocarcinoma. After mice were administrated liquiritigenin (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) intragastrically for 15 days, tumor volume, indices of thymus and spleen, MDA level in serum, optical microscopy, electron microscopy were determined. We have found that LQ had inhibitory effects on transplanted tumors and that the middle dose of LQ was more effective than the others. All LQ groups could increase thymus weight but it had no obvious effect on the spleen. MDA content decreased with LQ treatment but there wasn't a significant difference. In the group treated with LQ, we observed that the nuclei changed markedly and had ultrastructural morphological changes to apoptosis. The study supports that LQ significantly inhibits the growth of H(22) in vivo, and might be a promising antihepatoma agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Zhang SG, Song WQ, Gao YT, Yang B, Du Z. CD1d gene is a target for a novel amplicon at 1q22-23.1 in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Biol Rep. 2010;37:381-387. [PMID: 19757161 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-009-9817-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Genome copy number variation (CNV) is one of the mechanisms to regulate the expression level of genes which contributes to the development and progression of cancer. In order to investigate the regions of high-level amplification and potential target genes within these amplicons in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we analyzed HCC cell line (TJ3ZX-01) for CNV regions at the whole genome level using GeneChip Human Mapping 500K array, and also examined the relative copy number and expression levels of the related genes at candidate amplicons in 41 HCC tissues via real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR methods. Through analysis of sequence tag site(STS) markers by quantitative PCR, The two candidate amplicons at 1q found by SNP array were shown to occur in56.1% (23/41) HCC samples at 1q21 and 80.5% (33/41) at 1q22-23.1. Wilcoxon signed rank test showed expression of CD1d, which located at amplicon of 1q22-23.1 increased significantly within tumor tissues compared with paired nontumor tissues. Our study provides evidences that a novel, high-level amplicon at 1q22-23.1 occurs in both HCC cell line and tissues. CD1d is a potential target for this amplicon in HCC. The up-regulation of CD1d may be used as a novel molecular signature for diagnosis and prognosis of HCC.
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Bishayee A, Politis T, Darvesh AS. Resveratrol in the chemoprevention and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Treat Rev 2009; 36:43-53. [PMID: 19910122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Revised: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers and lethal diseases in the world. Although the majority of HCC cases occur in developing countries of Asia and Africa, the prevalence of liver cancer has risen considerably in Japan, Western Europe as well as the United States. HCC most commonly develops in patients with chronic liver disease, the etiology of which includes viral hepatitis (B and C), alcohol, obesity, iron overload and dietary carcinogens, including aflatoxins and nitrosamines. The current treatment modalities, including surgical resection and liver transplantation, have been found to be mostly ineffective. Hence, there is an obvious critical need to develop alternative strategies for the chemoprevention and treatment of HCC. Oxidative stress as well as inflammation has been implicated in the development and progression of hepatic neoplasia. Using naturally occurring phytochemicals and dietary compounds endowed with potent antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties is a novel approach to prevent and control HCC. One such compound, resveratrol, present in grapes, berries, peanuts as well as red wine, has emerged as a promising molecule that inhibits carcinogenesis with a pleiotropic mode of action. This review examines the current knowledge on mechanism-based in vitro and in vivo studies on the chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic potential of resveratrol in liver cancer. Pre-clinical and clinical toxicity studies as well as pharmacokinetic data of resveratrol have also been highlighted in this review. Future directions and challenges involved in the use of resveratrol for the prevention and treatment of HCC are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern Ohio Universities Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rootstown, 44272, USA
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Luther DJ, Ohanyan V, Shamhart PE, Hodnichak CM, Sisakian H, Booth TD, Meszaros JG, Bishayee A. Chemopreventive doses of resveratrol do not produce cardiotoxicity in a rodent model of hepatocellular carcinoma. Invest New Drugs 2009; 29:380-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-009-9332-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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