1
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Liu D, Cruz-Cosme R, Wu Y, Leibowitz J, Tang Q. 2-Bromopalmitate depletes lipid droplets to inhibit viral replication. J Virol 2024; 98:e0017124. [PMID: 38488361 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00171-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The global impact of emerging viral infections emphasizes the urgent need for effective broad-spectrum antivirals. The cellular organelle, lipid droplet (LD), is utilized by many types of viruses for replication, but its reduction does not affect cell survival. Therefore, LD is a potential target for developing broad-spectrum antivirals. In this study, we found that 2-bromopalmitate (2 BP), a previously defined palmitoylation inhibitor, depletes LD across all studied cell lines and exerts remarkable antiviral effects on different coronaviruses. We comprehensively utilized 2 BP, alongside other palmitoylation inhibitors such as cerulenin and 2-fluoro palmitic acid (2-FPA), as well as the enhancer palmostatin B and evaluated their impact on LD and the replication of human coronaviruses (hCoV-229E, hCoV-Oc43) and murine hepatitis virus (MHV-A59) at non-cytotoxic concentrations. While cerulenin and 2-FPA exhibited moderate inhibition of viral replication, 2 BP exhibited a much stronger suppressive effect on MHV-A59 replication, although they share similar inhibitory effects on palmitoylation. As expected, palmostatin B significantly enhanced viral replication, it failed to rescue the inhibitory effects of 2 BP, whereas it effectively counteracted the effects of cerulenin and 2-FPA. This suggests that the mechanism that 2 BP used to inhibit viral replication is beyond palmitoylation inhibition. Further investigations unveil that 2 BP uniquely depletes LDs, a phenomenon not exhibited by 2-FPA and cerulenin. Importantly, the depletion of LDs was closely associated with the inhibition of viral replication because the addition of oleic acid to 2 BP significantly rescued LD depletion and its inhibitory effects on MHV-A59. Our findings indicate that the inhibitory effects of 2 BP on viral replication primarily stem from LD disruption rather than palmitoylation inhibition. Intriguingly, fatty acid (FA) assays demonstrated that 2 BP reduces the FA level in mitochondria while concurrently increasing FA levels in the cytoplasm. These results highlight the crucial role of LDs in viral replication and uncover a novel biological activity of 2 BP. These insights contribute to the development of broad-spectrum antiviral strategies. IMPORTANCE In our study, we conducted a comparative investigation into the antiviral effects of palmitoylation inhibitors including 2-bromopalmitate (2-BP), 2-fluoro palmitic acid (2-FPA), and cerulenin. Surprisingly, we discovered that 2-BP has superior inhibitory effects on viral replication compared to 2-FPA and cerulenin. However, their inhibitory effects on palmitoylation were the same. Intrigued by this finding, we delved deeper into the underlying mechanism of 2-BP's potent antiviral activity, and we unveiled a novel biological activity of 2-BP: depletion of lipid droplets (LDs). Importantly, we also highlighted the crucial role of LDs in viral replication. Our insights shed new light on the antiviral mechanism of LD depletion paving the way for the development of broad-spectrum antiviral strategies by targeting LDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiao Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ruth Cruz-Cosme
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yong Wu
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Julian Leibowitz
- Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Qiyi Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
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2
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Zhou Z, Ma A, Moore TM, Wolf DM, Yang N, Tran P, Segawa M, Strumwasser AR, Ren W, Fu K, Wanagat J, van der Bliek AM, Crosbie-Watson R, Liesa M, Stiles L, Acin-Perez R, Mahata S, Shirihai O, Goodarzi MO, Handzlik M, Metallo CM, Walker DW, Hevener AL. Drp1 controls complex II assembly and skeletal muscle metabolism by Sdhaf2 action on mitochondria. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadl0389. [PMID: 38569044 PMCID: PMC10990287 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The dynamin-related guanosine triphosphatase, Drp1 (encoded by Dnm1l), plays a central role in mitochondrial fission and is requisite for numerous cellular processes; however, its role in muscle metabolism remains unclear. Here, we show that, among human tissues, the highest number of gene correlations with DNM1L is in skeletal muscle. Knockdown of Drp1 (Drp1-KD) promoted mitochondrial hyperfusion in the muscle of male mice. Reduced fatty acid oxidation and impaired insulin action along with increased muscle succinate was observed in Drp1-KD muscle. Muscle Drp1-KD reduced complex II assembly and activity as a consequence of diminished mitochondrial translocation of succinate dehydrogenase assembly factor 2 (Sdhaf2). Restoration of Sdhaf2 normalized complex II activity, lipid oxidation, and insulin action in Drp1-KD myocytes. Drp1 is critical in maintaining mitochondrial complex II assembly, lipid oxidation, and insulin sensitivity, suggesting a mechanistic link between mitochondrial morphology and skeletal muscle metabolism, which is clinically relevant in combatting metabolic-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqi Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alice Ma
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Timothy M. Moore
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dane M. Wolf
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicole Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Peter Tran
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mayuko Segawa
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander R. Strumwasser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Wenjuan Ren
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kai Fu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jonathan Wanagat
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | | | - Rachelle Crosbie-Watson
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Marc Liesa
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Linsey Stiles
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rebecca Acin-Perez
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sushil Mahata
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Orian Shirihai
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mark O. Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michal Handzlik
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christian M. Metallo
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - David W. Walker
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Andrea L. Hevener
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Iris Cantor UCLA Women’s Health Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System GRECC, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
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3
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Klingelhuber F, Frendo-Cumbo S, Omar-Hmeadi M, Massier L, Kakimoto P, Taylor AJ, Couchet M, Ribicic S, Wabitsch M, Messias AC, Iuso A, Müller TD, Rydén M, Mejhert N, Krahmer N. A spatiotemporal proteomic map of human adipogenesis. Nat Metab 2024:10.1038/s42255-024-01025-8. [PMID: 38565923 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
White adipocytes function as major energy reservoirs in humans by storing substantial amounts of triglycerides, and their dysfunction is associated with metabolic disorders; however, the mechanisms underlying cellular specialization during adipogenesis remain unknown. Here, we generate a spatiotemporal proteomic atlas of human adipogenesis, which elucidates cellular remodelling as well as the spatial reorganization of metabolic pathways to optimize cells for lipid accumulation and highlights the coordinated regulation of protein localization and abundance during adipocyte formation. We identify compartment-specific regulation of protein levels and localization changes of metabolic enzymes to reprogramme branched-chain amino acids and one-carbon metabolism to provide building blocks and reduction equivalents. Additionally, we identify C19orf12 as a differentiation-induced adipocyte lipid droplet protein that interacts with the translocase of the outer membrane complex of lipid droplet-associated mitochondria and regulates adipocyte lipid storage by determining the capacity of mitochondria to metabolize fatty acids. Overall, our study provides a comprehensive resource for understanding human adipogenesis and for future discoveries in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Klingelhuber
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Scott Frendo-Cumbo
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Muhmmad Omar-Hmeadi
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lucas Massier
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pamela Kakimoto
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Austin J Taylor
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Morgane Couchet
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Ribicic
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases, Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ana C Messias
- Institute of Structural Biology, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Bavarian NMR Centre, Department of Bioscience, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Arcangela Iuso
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Walther-Straub Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Endocrinology unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas Mejhert
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalie Krahmer
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
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4
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Hu L, Tang D, Qi B, Guo D, Wang Y, Geng J, Zhang X, Song L, Chang P, Chen W, Fu F, Li Y. Mfn2/Hsc70 Complex Mediates the Formation of Mitochondria-Lipid Droplets Membrane Contact and Regulates Myocardial Lipid Metabolism. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2307749. [PMID: 38311582 PMCID: PMC11005711 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The heart primarily derives its energy through lipid oxidation. In cardiomyocytes, lipids are stored in lipid droplets (LDs) and are utilized in mitochondria, although the structural and functional connections between these two organelles remain largely unknown. In this study, visible evidence have presented indicating that a complex is formed at the mitochondria-LD membrane contact (MLC) site, involving mitochondrion-localized Mfn2 and LD-localized Hsc70. This complex serves to tether mitochondria to LDs, facilitating the transfer of fatty acids (FAs) from LDs to mitochondria for β-oxidation. Reduction of Mfn2 induced by lipid overload inhibits MLC, hinders FA transfer, and results in lipid accumulation. Restoring Mfn2 reinstates MLC, alleviating myocardial lipotoxicity under lipid overload conditions both in-vivo and in-vitro. Additionally, prolonged lipid overload induces Mfn2 degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, following Mfn2 acetylation at the K243 site. This leads to the transition from adaptive lipid utilization to maladaptive lipotoxicity. The experimental findings are supported by clinical data from patients with obesity and age-matched non-obese individuals. These translational results make a significant contribution to the molecular understanding of MLC in the heart, and offer new insights into its role in myocardial lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Hu
- Department of CardiologyTangdu HospitalAirforce Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Daishi Tang
- Digestive System DepartmentShaanxi Provincial Crops Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police ForceXi'an710032China
| | - Bingchao Qi
- Department of CardiologyTangdu HospitalAirforce Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Dong Guo
- Department of CardiologyTangdu HospitalAirforce Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of CardiologyTangdu HospitalAirforce Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Jing Geng
- Department of CardiologyTangdu HospitalAirforce Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Xiaoliang Zhang
- Department of CardiologyTangdu HospitalAirforce Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Liqiang Song
- Department of RespirologyXijing HospitalAirforce Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Pan Chang
- Department of CardiologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical CollegeXi'an710032China
| | - Wensheng Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryXi'an Gaoxin HospitalXi'an710032China
| | - Feng Fu
- Department of Physiology and PathophysiologyAirforce Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of CardiologyTangdu HospitalAirforce Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
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5
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Awazawa M, Matsushita M, Nomura I, Kobayashi N, Tamura-Nakano M, Sorimachi Y, Takubo K, Ueki K. Imeglimin improves systemic metabolism by targeting brown adipose tissue and gut microbiota in obese model mice. Metabolism 2024; 153:155796. [PMID: 38262576 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Imeglimin is a recently developed anti-diabetic drug that could concurrently promote insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity, while its mechanisms of action are not fully understood. Here we show that imeglimin administration could protect mice from high fat diet-induced weight gain with enhanced energy expenditure and attenuated whitening of brown adipose tissue. Imeglimin administration led to significant alteration of gut microbiota, which included an increase of Akkermansia genus, with attenuation of obesity-associated gut pathologies. Ablation of microbiota by antibiotic treatment partially abrogated the insulin sensitizing effects of imeglimin, while not affecting its actions on body weight gain or brown adipose tissue. Collectively, our results characterize imeglimin as a potential agent promoting energy expenditure and gut integrity, providing new insights into its mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoharu Awazawa
- Department of Molecular Diabetic Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan.
| | - Maya Matsushita
- Department of Molecular Diabetic Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Ikumi Nomura
- Department of Molecular Diabetic Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Naoki Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Diabetic Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Miwa Tamura-Nakano
- Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Yuriko Sorimachi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Keiyo Takubo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Kohjiro Ueki
- Department of Molecular Diabetic Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan; Department of Molecular Diabetology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 3-7-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
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6
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Jenkins BC, Neikirk K, Katti P, Claypool SM, Kirabo A, McReynolds MR, Hinton A. Mitochondria in disease: changes in shapes and dynamics. Trends Biochem Sci 2024; 49:346-360. [PMID: 38402097 PMCID: PMC10997448 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial structure often determines the function of these highly dynamic, multifunctional, eukaryotic organelles, which are essential for maintaining cellular health. The dynamic nature of mitochondria is apparent in descriptions of different mitochondrial shapes [e.g., donuts, megamitochondria (MGs), and nanotunnels] and crista dynamics. This review explores the significance of dynamic alterations in mitochondrial morphology and regulators of mitochondrial and cristae shape. We focus on studies across tissue types and also describe new microscopy techniques for detecting mitochondrial morphologies both in vivo and in vitro that can improve understanding of mitochondrial structure. We highlight the potential therapeutic benefits of regulating mitochondrial morphology and discuss prospective avenues to restore mitochondrial bioenergetics to manage diseases related to mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenita C Jenkins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801, USA
| | - Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Prasanna Katti
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Steven M Claypool
- Department of Physiology, Mitochondrial Phospholipid Research Center, Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Melanie R McReynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801, USA.
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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7
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Ren X, Wang C, Wu X, Rong M, Huang R, Liang Q, Shen T, Sun H, Zhang R, Zhang Z, Liu X, Song X, Foley JW. Auxochrome Dimethyl-Dihydroacridine Improves Fluorophores for Prolonged Live-Cell Super-Resolution Imaging. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6566-6579. [PMID: 38422385 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Superior photostability, minimal phototoxicity, red-shifted absorption/emission wavelengths, high brightness, and an enlarged Stokes shift are essential characteristics of top-tier organic fluorophores, particularly for long-lasting super-resolution imaging in live cells (e.g., via stimulated emission depletion (STED) nanoscopy). However, few existing fluorophores possess all of these properties. In this study, we demonstrate a general approach for simultaneously enhancing these parameters through the introduction of 9,9-dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine (DMA) as an electron-donating auxochrome. DMA not only induces red shifts in emission wavelengths but also suppresses photooxidative reactions and prevents the formation of triplet states in DMA-based fluorophores, greatly improving photostability and remarkably minimizing phototoxicity. Moreover, the DMA group enhances the fluorophores' brightness and enlarges the Stokes shift. Importantly, the "universal" benefits of attaching the DMA auxochrome have been exemplified in various fluorophores including rhodamines, difluoride-boron complexes, and coumarin derivatives. The resulting fluorophores successfully enabled the STED imaging of organelles and HaloTag-labeled membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Ren
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372 Singapore
| | - Xia Wu
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372 Singapore
| | - Mengtao Rong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Rong Huang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Qin Liang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Tianruo Shen
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372 Singapore
| | - Hongyan Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ruilong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Zhongping Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372 Singapore
| | - Xiangzhi Song
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - James W Foley
- Rowland Institute at Harvard, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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8
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Bórquez JC, Díaz-Castro F, La Fuente FPD, Espinoza K, Figueroa AM, Martínez-Ruíz I, Hernández V, López-Soldado I, Ventura R, Domingo JC, Bosch M, Fajardo A, Sebastián D, Espinosa A, Pol A, Zorzano A, Cortés V, Hernández-Alvarez MI, Troncoso R. Mitofusin-2 induced by exercise modifies lipid droplet-mitochondria communication, promoting fatty acid oxidation in male mice with NAFLD. Metabolism 2024; 152:155765. [PMID: 38142958 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The excessive accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs) is a defining characteristic of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The interaction between LDs and mitochondria is functionally important for lipid metabolism homeostasis. Exercise improves NAFLD, but it is not known if it has an effect on hepatic LD-mitochondria interactions. Here, we investigated the influence of exercise on LD-mitochondria interactions and its significance in the context of NAFLD. APPROACH AND RESULTS Mice were fed high-fat diet (HFD) or HFD-0.1 % methionine and choline-deficient diet (MCD) to emulate simple hepatic steatosis or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, respectively. In both models, aerobic exercise decreased the size of LDs bound to mitochondria and the number of LD-mitochondria contacts. Analysis showed that the effects of exercise on HOMA-IR and liver triglyceride levels were independent of changes in body weight, and a positive correlation was observed between the number of LD-mitochondria contacts and NAFLD severity and with the lipid droplet size bound to mitochondria. Cellular fractionation studies revealed that ATP-coupled respiration and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) were greater in hepatic peridroplet mitochondria (PDM) from HFD-fed exercised mice than from equivalent sedentary mice. Finally, exercise increased FAO and mitofusin-2 abundance exclusively in PDM through a mechanism involving the curvature of mitochondrial membranes and the abundance of saturated lipids. Accordingly, hepatic mitofusin-2 ablation prevented exercise-induced FAO in PDM. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that aerobic exercise has beneficial effects in murine NAFLD models by lessening the interactions between hepatic LDs and mitochondria, and by decreasing LD size, correlating with a reduced severity of NAFLD. Additionally, aerobic exercise increases FAO in PDM and this process is reliant on Mfn-2 enrichment, which modifies LD-mitochondria communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Bórquez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Francisco Díaz-Castro
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Francisco Pino-de La Fuente
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Karla Espinoza
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Ana María Figueroa
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Inma Martínez-Ruíz
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona IBUB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanessa Hernández
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona). The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona (BIST), Spain
| | - Iliana López-Soldado
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona IBUB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raúl Ventura
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona IBUB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Domingo
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Bosch
- Cell Compartments and Signaling Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Fajardo
- Cell Compartments and Signaling Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Sebastián
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandra Espinosa
- Escuela de Medicina, Campus San Felipe, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile; Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile
| | - Albert Pol
- Cell Compartments and Signaling Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona). The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona (BIST), Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Víctor Cortés
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.
| | - María Isabel Hernández-Alvarez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona IBUB, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain.
| | - Rodrigo Troncoso
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Chile; Obesity-induced Accelerated Aging (ObAGE), Universidad de Chile, Chile.
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9
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Mathiowetz AJ, Olzmann JA. Lipid droplets and cellular lipid flux. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:331-345. [PMID: 38454048 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Lipid droplets are dynamic organelles that store neutral lipids, serve the metabolic needs of cells, and sequester lipids to prevent lipotoxicity and membrane damage. Here we review the current understanding of the mechanisms of lipid droplet biogenesis and turnover, the transfer of lipids and metabolites at membrane contact sites, and the role of lipid droplets in regulating fatty acid flux in lipotoxicity and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa J Mathiowetz
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - James A Olzmann
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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10
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Kim Y, Parry HA, Willingham TB, Alspaugh G, Lindberg E, Combs CA, Knutson JR, Bleck CKE, Glancy B. Reorganization of mitochondria-organelle interactions during postnatal development in skeletal muscle. J Physiol 2024; 602:891-912. [PMID: 38429930 PMCID: PMC10939894 DOI: 10.1113/jp285014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle cellular development requires the integrated assembly of mitochondria and other organelles adjacent to the sarcomere in support of muscle contractile performance. However, it remains unclear how interactions among organelles and with the sarcomere relates to the development of muscle cell function. Here, we combine 3D volume electron microscopy, proteomic analyses, and live cell functional imaging to investigate the postnatal reorganization of mitochondria-organelle interactions in skeletal muscle. We show that while mitochondrial networks are disorganized and loosely associated with the contractile apparatus at birth, contact sites among mitochondria, lipid droplets and the sarcoplasmic reticulum are highly abundant in neonatal muscles. The maturation process is characterized by a transition to highly organized mitochondrial networks wrapped tightly around the muscle sarcomere but also to less frequent interactions with both lipid droplets and the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Concomitantly, expression of proteins involved in mitochondria-organelle membrane contact sites decreases during postnatal development in tandem with a decrease in abundance of proteins associated with sarcomere assembly despite an overall increase in contractile protein abundance. Functionally, parallel measures of mitochondrial membrane potential, NADH redox status, and NADH flux within intact cells revealed that mitochondria in adult skeletal muscle fibres maintain a more activated electron transport chain compared with neonatal muscle mitochondria. These data demonstrate a developmental redesign reflecting a shift from muscle cell assembly and frequent inter-organelle communication toward a muscle fibre with mitochondrial structure, interactions, composition and function specialized to support contractile function. KEY POINTS: Mitochondrial network organization is remodelled during skeletal muscle postnatal development. The mitochondrial outer membrane is in frequent contact with other organelles at birth and transitions to more close associations with the contractile apparatus in mature muscles. Mitochondrial energy metabolism becomes more activated during postnatal development. Understanding the developmental redesign process within skeletal muscle cells may help pinpoint specific areas of deficit in muscles with developmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuho Kim
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy and Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Hailey A. Parry
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - T. Bradley Willingham
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Greg Alspaugh
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eric Lindberg
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christian A. Combs
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jay R. Knutson
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christopher K. E. Bleck
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brian Glancy
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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11
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Jia L, Yang Y, Sun F, Tao H, Lu C, Yang JJ. Mitochondrial quality control in liver fibrosis: Epigenetic hallmarks and therapeutic strategies. Cell Signal 2024; 115:111035. [PMID: 38182067 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Mitochondrial quality control (MQC) plays a significant role in the progression of liver fibrosis, with key processes such as mitochondrial fission, fusion, mitophagy and biogenesis maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying epigenetic regulation of mitochondrial quality control in liver fibrosis, with the aim of uncovering novel therapeutic targets for treating, mitigating, and potentially reversing liver fibrosis, in light of the most recent advances in this field. METHODS We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for published manuscripts using terms "mitochondrial quality control" "mitochondrial fission" "mitochondrial fusion" "mitochondrial biogenesis" "mitophagy" "liver fibrosis" "epigenetic regulation" "DNA methylation" "RNA methylation" "histone modification" and "non-coding RNA". Manuscripts were collated, studied and carried forward for discussion where appropriate. RESULTS Mitochondrial fission, fusion, biogenesis, and mitophagy regulate the homeostasis of mitochondria, and the imbalance of mitochondrial homeostasis can induce liver fibrosis. Epigenetic regulation, including DNA methylation, RNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, plays a significant role in regulating the processes of mitochondrial homeostasis. CONCLUSION Mitochondrial quality control and epigenetic mechanisms are intricately linked to the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Understanding these molecular interactions provides insight into potential therapeutic strategies. Further research is necessary to translate these findings into clinical applications, with a focus on developing epigenetic drugs to ameliorate liver fibrosis by modulating MQC and epigenetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Suzhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Suzhou 215153, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hui Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, PR China.
| | - Chao Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan 232001, China.
| | - Jing-Jing Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.
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12
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Nachit M, Dioguardi Burgio M, Abyzov A, Garteiser P, Paradis V, Vilgrain V, Leclercq I, Van Beers BE. Hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with heterogeneous pattern of fat infiltration in skeletal muscles. Eur Radiol 2024; 34:1461-1470. [PMID: 37658893 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-10131-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association between fat infiltration in skeletal muscles (myosteatosis) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS In a cross-sectional cohort of 72 histologically proven NAFLD patients (n = 38 with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; NASH), among which 20 had HCC diagnosed on biopsy, we used proton density fat fraction (PDFF) at MRI to evaluate myosteatosis in skeletal muscles (mean fat fraction and first order radiomic-based pattern) at the third lumbar level, namely in erector spinae (ES), quadratus lumborum (QL), psoas, oblique, and rectus muscles. RESULTS PDFFES was 70% higher in patients with HCC when compared to those without HCC (9.6 ± 5.5% versus 5.7 ± 3.0%, respectively, p < 0.001). In multivariate logistic regression, PDFFES was a significant predictor of the presence of HCC (AUC = 0.72, 95% CI 0.57-0.86, p = 0.002) independently from age, sex, visceral fat area, and liver fibrosis stage (all p < 0.05). The relationship between PDFFES and HCC was exacerbated in patients with NASH (AUC = 0.79, 95% CI 0.63-0.86, p = 0.006). In patients with NASH, radiomics features of heterogeneity such as energy and entropy in any of the paraspinal muscles (i.e., ES, QL, or psoas) were independent predictors of HCC. EnergyES identified patients with HCC (n = 13) in the NASH population with AUC = 0.92 (95% CI 0.82-1.00, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION In patients with NAFLD, and more specifically in those with NASH, the degree and heterogeneity of myosteatosis is independently associated with HCC irrespective of liver fibrosis stage. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT Our data suggest that myosteatosis could be used as a biomarker of HCC in the ever-expanding NAFLD population and pave the way for further investigation in longitudinal studies. KEY POINTS • HCC in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and more specifically in those with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, is independently associated with severe fatty infiltration (myosteatosis) of paravertebral skeletal muscles. • Association between myosteatosis and HCC is independent from liver fibrosis stage. • Histogram-based radiomics features of myosteatosis predicts the risk of HCC in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Nachit
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium.
| | - Marco Dioguardi Burgio
- Laboratory of Imaging Biomarkers, Center of Research On Inflammation, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Paris, France
- Department of Radiology, Beaujon University Hospital Paris Nord, AP-HP, Clichy, France
| | - Anton Abyzov
- Laboratory of Imaging Biomarkers, Center of Research On Inflammation, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Garteiser
- Laboratory of Imaging Biomarkers, Center of Research On Inflammation, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Paradis
- Team "From Inflammation to Cancer in Digestive Disease", Center of Research on Inflammation, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Paris, France
- Department of Pathology, Beaujon University Hospital Paris Nord, AP-HP, Clichy, France
| | - Valérie Vilgrain
- Laboratory of Imaging Biomarkers, Center of Research On Inflammation, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Paris, France
- Department of Radiology, Beaujon University Hospital Paris Nord, AP-HP, Clichy, France
| | - Isabelle Leclercq
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard E Van Beers
- Laboratory of Imaging Biomarkers, Center of Research On Inflammation, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Paris, France
- Department of Radiology, Beaujon University Hospital Paris Nord, AP-HP, Clichy, France
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13
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Kang SWS, Cunningham RP, Miller CB, Brown LA, Cultraro CM, Harned A, Narayan K, Hernandez J, Jenkins LM, Lobanov A, Cam M, Porat-Shliom N. A spatial map of hepatic mitochondria uncovers functional heterogeneity shaped by nutrient-sensing signaling. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1799. [PMID: 38418824 PMCID: PMC10902380 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45751-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In the liver, mitochondria are exposed to different concentrations of nutrients due to their spatial positioning across the periportal and pericentral axis. How the mitochondria sense and integrate these signals to respond and maintain homeostasis is not known. Here, we combine intravital microscopy, spatial proteomics, and functional assessment to investigate mitochondrial heterogeneity in the context of liver zonation. We find that periportal and pericentral mitochondria are morphologically and functionally distinct; beta-oxidation is elevated in periportal regions, while lipid synthesis is predominant in the pericentral mitochondria. In addition, comparative phosphoproteomics reveals spatially distinct patterns of mitochondrial composition and potential regulation via phosphorylation. Acute pharmacological modulation of nutrient sensing through AMPK and mTOR shifts mitochondrial phenotypes in the periportal and pericentral regions, linking nutrient gradients across the lobule and mitochondrial heterogeneity. This study highlights the role of protein phosphorylation in mitochondrial structure, function, and overall homeostasis in hepatic metabolic zonation. These findings have important implications for liver physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Woo Sophie Kang
- Cell Biology and Imaging Section, Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rory P Cunningham
- Cell Biology and Imaging Section, Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Colin B Miller
- Cell Biology and Imaging Section, Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lauryn A Brown
- Cell Biology and Imaging Section, Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Constance M Cultraro
- Cell Biology and Imaging Section, Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adam Harned
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cancer Research Technology Programs, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Kedar Narayan
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cancer Research Technology Programs, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Hernandez
- Surgical Oncology Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lisa M Jenkins
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexei Lobanov
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource (CCBR) National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maggie Cam
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource (CCBR) National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Natalie Porat-Shliom
- Cell Biology and Imaging Section, Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
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14
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Chen PX, Zhang L, Chen D, Tian Y. Mitochondrial stress and aging: Lessons from C. elegans. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 154:69-76. [PMID: 36863917 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by a progressive decline in mitochondrial function, which in turn contributes to a variety of age-related diseases. Counterintuitively, a growing number of studies have found that disruption of mitochondrial function often leads to increased lifespan. This seemingly contradictory observation has inspired extensive research into genetic pathways underlying the mitochondrial basis of aging, particularly within the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. The complex and antagonistic roles of mitochondria in the aging process have altered the view of mitochondria, which not only serve as simple bioenergetic factories but also as signaling platforms for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and organismal health. Here, we review the contributions of C. elegans to our understanding of mitochondrial function in the aging process over the past decades. In addition, we explore how these insights may promote future research of mitochondrial-targeted strategies in higher organisms to potentially slow aging and delay age-related disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng X Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Leyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Di Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Rd, Pukou, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061, China.
| | - Ye Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
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15
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Gao X, Jian L, Zhang L, Xu Y, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Yuan Y, Wang Y, Xu S, Ren B, Li Z, Wang C, Li J, Gu Y, Ye J. Perilipin 5 protects the mitochondrial oxidative functions and improves the alcoholic liver injury in mice. Liver Int 2024; 44:357-369. [PMID: 37933091 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Alcohol consumption is a well-established risk factor for the onset and progression of hepatic steatosis. Perilipin 5 (Plin5), a lipid droplet protein, is an important protective factor against hepatic lipotoxicity induced by excessive lipolysis, but its role and molecular mechanism in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) are not fully elucidated. METHODS The optimized National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism model was used to construct ALD model mice. Automatic biochemical analyser was used for Biochemical Parameters. The primary hepatocytes and Plin5-overexpressed HepG2 cells (including full-length Plin5 and Plin5 deleting 444-464 aa) were used for in vitro experiment. Haematoxylin and Eosin staining, Oil Red O staining, Bodipy 493/503 staining, Periodic Acid-Schiff staining, immunohistochemistry and JC-1 staining were used to evaluate cell morphology, lipids, glycogen, inflammation and membrane potential. Commercially kits are used to detect glycolipid metabolites, such as triglycerides, glycogen, glucose, reactive oxygen species, lactic acids, ketone bodies. Fluorescently labelled deoxyglucose, NBDG, was used for glucose intake. An XF96 extracellular flux analyser was used to determinate oxygen consumption rate in hepatocytes. The morphological and structural damage of mitochondria was evaluated by electron microscopy. Classical ultracentrifugation is used to separate the subcellular organelles of tissues and cells. Immunoblotting and qPCR were used to detect changes in mRNA and protein levels of related genes. RESULTS Our results showed that the expression of Plin5 in mouse livers was enhanced by alcohol intake, and Plin5 deficiency aggravated the alcohol-induced liver injury. To clarify the mechanism, we found that Plin5 deficiency significantly elevated the hepatic NADH levels and ketone body production in the alcohol-treated mice. As NADH elevation could promote the reduction of pyruvate into lactate and then inhibit the gluconeogenesis, alcohol-treated Plin5-deficient mice exhibited more lactate production and severer hypoglycemia. These results implied that Plin5 deficiency impaired the mitochondrial oxidative functions in the presence of alcohol. In addition, we demonstrated that Plin5 could be recruited onto mitochondria by alcohol, while Plin5 without mitochondrial targeting sequences lost its mitochondrial protection functions. CONCLUSION Collectively, this study demonstrated that the mitochondrial Plin5 could protect the alcohol-induced mitochondrial injury, which provides an important new insight on the roles of Plin5 in highly oxidative tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lele Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Corps, Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Xi'an, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuqiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanlin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shenhui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bincheng Ren
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zimeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Pathology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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16
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Ersoy U, Kanakis I, Alameddine M, Pedraza-Vazquez G, Ozanne SE, Peffers MJ, Jackson MJ, Goljanek-Whysall K, Vasilaki A. Lifelong dietary protein restriction accelerates skeletal muscle loss and reduces muscle fibre size by impairing proteostasis and mitochondrial homeostasis. Redox Biol 2024; 69:102980. [PMID: 38064763 PMCID: PMC10755587 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The early life environment significantly affects the development of age-related skeletal muscle disorders. However, the long-term effects of lactational protein restriction on skeletal muscle are still poorly defined. Our study revealed that male mice nursed by dams fed a low-protein diet during lactation exhibited skeletal muscle growth restriction. This was associated with a dysregulation in the expression levels of genes related to the ribosome, mitochondria and skeletal muscle development. We reported that lifelong protein restriction accelerated loss of type-IIa muscle fibres and reduced muscle fibre size by impairing mitochondrial homeostasis and proteostasis at 18 months of age. However, feeding a normal-protein diet following lactational protein restriction prevented accelerated fibre loss and fibre size reduction in later life. These findings provide novel insight into the mechanisms by which lactational protein restriction hinders skeletal muscle growth and includes evidence that lifelong dietary protein restriction accelerated skeletal muscle loss in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ufuk Ersoy
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences (ILCaMS), The MRC - Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research Into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ioannis Kanakis
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences (ILCaMS), The MRC - Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research Into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Chester Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Chester, Chester, UK
| | - Moussira Alameddine
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences (ILCaMS), The MRC - Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research Into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gibran Pedraza-Vazquez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and REMEDI, CMNHS, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Susan E Ozanne
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mandy Jayne Peffers
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences (ILCaMS), The MRC - Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research Into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Malcolm J Jackson
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences (ILCaMS), The MRC - Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research Into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Katarzyna Goljanek-Whysall
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences (ILCaMS), The MRC - Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research Into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and REMEDI, CMNHS, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Aphrodite Vasilaki
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences (ILCaMS), The MRC - Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research Into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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17
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Brownstein AJ, Veliova M, Acin-Perez R, Villalobos F, Petcherski A, Tombolato A, Liesa M, Shirihai OS. Mitochondria isolated from lipid droplets of white adipose tissue reveal functional differences based on lipid droplet size. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202301934. [PMID: 38056907 PMCID: PMC10700548 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202301934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies in brown adipose tissue (BAT) described a unique subpopulation of mitochondria bound to lipid droplets (LDs), which were termed PeriDroplet Mitochondria (PDM). PDM can be isolated from BAT by differential centrifugation and salt washes. Contrary to BAT, this approach has so far not led to the successful isolation of PDM from white adipose tissue (WAT). Here, we developed a method to isolate PDM from WAT with high yield and purity by an optimized proteolytic treatment that preserves the respiratory function of mitochondria. Using this approach, we show that, contrary to BAT, WAT PDM have lower respiratory and ATP synthesis capacities compared with WAT cytoplasmic mitochondria (CM). Furthermore, by isolating PDM from LDs of different sizes, we found a negative correlation between LD size and the respiratory capacity of their PDM in WAT. Thus, our new isolation method reveals tissue-specific characteristics of PDM and establishes the existence of heterogeneity in PDM function determined by LD size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J Brownstein
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine (Endocrinology) and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Cellular Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michaela Veliova
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine (Endocrinology) and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rebeca Acin-Perez
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine (Endocrinology) and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Frankie Villalobos
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine (Endocrinology) and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anton Petcherski
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine (Endocrinology) and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alberto Tombolato
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine (Endocrinology) and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marc Liesa
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine (Endocrinology) and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Cells and Tissues, Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona, IBMB, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine (Endocrinology) and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Cellular Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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18
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Vega-Vásquez T, Langgartner D, Wang JY, Reber SO, Picard M, Basualto-Alarcón C. Mitochondrial morphology in the mouse adrenal cortex: Influence of chronic psychosocial stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 160:106683. [PMID: 38086320 PMCID: PMC10872515 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria within the adrenal cortex play a key role in synthesizing steroid hormones. The adrenal cortex is organized in three functionally specialized zones (glomerulosa, fasciculata, and reticularis) that produce different classes of steroid hormones in response to various stimuli, including psychosocial stress. Given that the functions and morphology of mitochondria are dynamically related and respond to stress, we applied transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to examine potential differences in mitochondrial morphology under basal and chronic psychosocial stress conditions. We used the chronic subordinate colony housing (CSC) paradigm, a murine model of chronic psychosocial stress. Our findings quantitatively define how mitochondrial morphology differs among each of the three adrenal cortex zones under basal conditions, and show that chronic psychosocial stress mainly affected mitochondria in the zona glomerulosa, shifting their morphology towards the more typical glucocorticoid-producing zona fasciculata mitochondrial phenotype. Analysis of adrenocortical lipid droplets that provide cholesterol for steroidogenesis showed that chronic psychosocial stress altered lipid droplet diameter, without affecting droplet number or inter-organellar mitochondria-lipid droplet interactions. Together, our findings support the hypothesis that each adrenal cortex layer is characterized by morphologically distinct mitochondria and that this adrenal zone-specific mitochondrial morphology is sensitive to environmental stimuli, including chronic psychosocial stressors. Further research is needed to define the role of these stress-induced changes in mitochondrial morphology, particularly in the zona glomerulosa, on stress resilience and related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Vega-Vásquez
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, Health Sciences Department, University of Aysén, Coyhaique, Chile
| | - Dominik Langgartner
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jennifer Y Wang
- School of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Stefan O Reber
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA; Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia University Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA
| | - Carla Basualto-Alarcón
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, Health Sciences Department, University of Aysén, Coyhaique, Chile; Anatomy and Legal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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19
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Enkler L, Spang A. Functional interplay of lipid droplets and mitochondria. FEBS Lett 2024. [PMID: 38268392 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Our body stores energy mostly in form of fatty acids (FAs) in lipid droplets (LDs). From there the FAs can be mobilized and transferred to peroxisomes and mitochondria. This transfer is dependent on close opposition of LDs and mitochondria and peroxisomes and happens at membrane contact sites. However, the composition and the dynamics of these contact sites is not well understood, which is in part due to the dependence on the metabolic state of the cell and on the cell- and tissue-type. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the contacts between lipid droplets and mitochondria both in mammals and in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in which various contact sites are well studied. We discuss possible functions of the contact site and their implication in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Spang
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Switzerland
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20
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Karbanová J, Deniz IA, Wilsch-Bräuninger M, de Sousa Couto RA, Fargeas CA, Santos MF, Lorico A, Corbeil D. Extracellular lipidosomes containing lipid droplets and mitochondria are released during melanoma cell division. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:57. [PMID: 38243233 PMCID: PMC10799373 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01471-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of melanoma is increasing worldwide. Since metastatic melanoma is highly aggressive, it is important to decipher all the biological aspects of melanoma cells. In this context, we have previously shown that metastatic FEMX-I melanoma cells release small (< 150 nm) extracellular vesicles (EVs) known as exosomes and ectosomes containing the stem (and cancer stem) cell antigenic marker CD133. EVs play an important role in intercellular communication, which could have a micro-environmental impact on surrounding tissues. RESULTS We report here a new type of large CD133+ EVs released by FEMX-I cells. Their sizes range from 2 to 6 µm and they contain lipid droplets and mitochondria. Real-time video microscopy revealed that these EVs originate from the lipid droplet-enriched cell extremities that did not completely retract during the cell division process. Once released, they can be taken up by other cells. Silencing CD133 significantly affected the cellular distribution of lipid droplets, with a re-localization around the nuclear compartment. As a result, the formation of large EVs containing lipid droplets was severely compromised. CONCLUSION Given the biochemical effect of lipid droplets and mitochondria and/or their complexes on cell metabolism, the release and uptake of these new large CD133+ EVs from dividing aggressive melanoma cells can influence both donor and recipient cells, and therefore impact melanoma growth and dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Karbanová
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-49, Dresden, 01307, Germany
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Medizinische Fakultät der Technischen Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Ilker A Deniz
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-49, Dresden, 01307, Germany
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Medizinische Fakultät der Technischen Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Michaela Wilsch-Bräuninger
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Rita Alexandra de Sousa Couto
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-49, Dresden, 01307, Germany
- Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua de Diogo Botelho 1327, Porto, 4169-005, Portugal
| | - Christine A Fargeas
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-49, Dresden, 01307, Germany
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Medizinische Fakultät der Technischen Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Mark F Santos
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University Nevada, 874 American Pacific Drive, Henderson, NV, 89014, USA
| | - Aurelio Lorico
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University Nevada, 874 American Pacific Drive, Henderson, NV, 89014, USA.
| | - Denis Corbeil
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-49, Dresden, 01307, Germany.
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Medizinische Fakultät der Technischen Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, Dresden, 01307, Germany.
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-49, Dresden, 01307, Germany.
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21
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Zhao T, Tan XY, Pantopoulos K, Xu JJ, Zheng H, Xu YC, Song YF, Luo Z. miR-20a-5p targeting mfn2-mediated mitochondria-lipid droplet contacts regulated differential changes in hepatic lipid metabolism induced by two Mn sources in yellow catfish. J Hazard Mater 2024; 462:132749. [PMID: 37871441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the hazards of different forms of metal elements provided innovative insights into their toxicity and environmental risk assessment. To date, few studies had been conducted to investigate the differential effects and mechanisms of MnO2 NPs and MnSO4, two widely distributed environmental pollutants, on hepatic toxicity and lipid metabolism since lipid metabolism-relevant parameters were broadly used as biomarkers for risk assessment of hazardous contaminants. Thus, using yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, an ecologically and economically important freshwater fish as the model, the present study investigated the differential effects and mechanisms of MnO2 NPs and MnSO4 influencing hepatic lipid metabolism. Compared to MnSO4, MnO2 NPs increased hepatic Mn content, induced lipotoxicity, up-regulated the mRNA expression of lipogenic genes, increased peridroplet mitochondrial (PDM) contents, intensified the contact between mitochondria and lipid droplets (LDs), and downregulated miR-20a-5p abundance. Importantly, miR-20a-5p targeted mfn2, which mediated the contact between mitochondria and LDs and influenced changes in lipid metabolism induced by MnO2 NPs. Mechanistically, the direct Mfn2-Plin2 binding and Mfn2 GTPase activity promoted the MnO2 NPs-induced interactions between mitochondria and LDs, which in turn influenced MnO2 NPs-induced changes in hepatic lipid metabolism. For the first time, our findings indicated the significant differences between the changes in body metabolism induced by nanoparticles and inorganic elements, which helped to illuminate different mechanisms governing the responses of aquatic vertebrates to hazardous metal pollutants (MnO2 NPs and MnSO4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhao
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Tan
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kostas Pantopoulos
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3T1E2, Canada
| | - Jie-Jie Xu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hua Zheng
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yi-Chuang Xu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yu-Feng Song
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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22
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Baker ZN, Forny P, Pagliarini DJ. Mitochondrial proteome research: the road ahead. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:65-82. [PMID: 37773518 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00650-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are multifaceted organelles with key roles in anabolic and catabolic metabolism, bioenergetics, cellular signalling and nutrient sensing, and programmed cell death processes. Their diverse functions are enabled by a sophisticated set of protein components encoded by the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. The extent and complexity of the mitochondrial proteome remained unclear for decades. This began to change 20 years ago when, driven by the emergence of mass spectrometry-based proteomics, the first draft mitochondrial proteomes were established. In the ensuing decades, further technological and computational advances helped to refine these 'maps', with current estimates of the core mammalian mitochondrial proteome ranging from 1,000 to 1,500 proteins. The creation of these compendia provided a systemic view of an organelle previously studied primarily in a reductionist fashion and has accelerated both basic scientific discovery and the diagnosis and treatment of human disease. Yet numerous challenges remain in understanding mitochondrial biology and translating this knowledge into the medical context. In this Roadmap, we propose a path forward for refining the mitochondrial protein map to enhance its discovery and therapeutic potential. We discuss how emerging technologies can assist the detection of new mitochondrial proteins, reveal their patterns of expression across diverse tissues and cell types, and provide key information on proteoforms. We highlight the power of an enhanced map for systematically defining the functions of its members. Finally, we examine the utility of an expanded, functionally annotated mitochondrial proteome in a translational setting for aiding both diagnosis of mitochondrial disease and targeting of mitochondria for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakery N Baker
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Patrick Forny
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David J Pagliarini
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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23
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Agarwala S, Dhabal S, Mitra K. Significance of quantitative analyses of the impact of heterogeneity in mitochondrial content and shape on cell differentiation. Open Biol 2024; 14:230279. [PMID: 38228170 PMCID: PMC10791538 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, classically known as the powerhouse of cells, are unique double membrane-bound multifaceted organelles carrying a genome. Mitochondrial content varies between cell types and precisely doubles within cells during each proliferating cycle. Mitochondrial content also increases to a variable degree during cell differentiation triggered after exit from the proliferating cycle. The mitochondrial content is primarily maintained by the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, while damaged mitochondria are eliminated from the cells by mitophagy. In any cell with a given mitochondrial content, the steady-state mitochondrial number and shape are determined by a balance between mitochondrial fission and fusion processes. The increase in mitochondrial content and alteration in mitochondrial fission and fusion are causatively linked with the process of differentiation. Here, we critically review the quantitative aspects in the detection methods of mitochondrial content and shape. Thereafter, we quantitatively link these mitochondrial properties in differentiating cells and highlight the implications of such quantitative link on stem cell functionality. Finally, we discuss an example of cell size regulation predicted from quantitative analysis of mitochondrial shape and content. To highlight the significance of quantitative analyses of these mitochondrial properties, we propose three independent rationale based hypotheses and the relevant experimental designs to test them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Agarwala
- Department of Biology, Ashoka University, Delhi (NCR), India
| | - Sukhamoy Dhabal
- Department of Biology, Ashoka University, Delhi (NCR), India
| | - Kasturi Mitra
- Department of Biology, Ashoka University, Delhi (NCR), India
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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24
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Griseti E, Bello AA, Bieth E, Sabbagh B, Iacovoni JS, Bigay J, Laurell H, Čopič A. Molecular mechanisms of perilipin protein function in lipid droplet metabolism. FEBS Lett 2023. [PMID: 38140813 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Perilipins are abundant lipid droplet (LD) proteins present in all metazoans and also in Amoebozoa and fungi. Humans express five perilipins, which share a similar domain organization: an amino-terminal PAT domain and an 11-mer repeat region, which can fold into amphipathic helices that interact with LDs, followed by a structured carboxy-terminal domain. Variations of this organization that arose during vertebrate evolution allow for functional specialization between perilipins in relation to the metabolic needs of different tissues. We discuss how different features of perilipins influence their interaction with LDs and their cellular targeting. PLIN1 and PLIN5 play a direct role in lipolysis by regulating the recruitment of lipases to LDs and LD interaction with mitochondria. Other perilipins, particularly PLIN2, appear to protect LDs from lipolysis, but the molecular mechanism is not clear. PLIN4 stands out with its long repetitive region, whereas PLIN3 is most widely expressed and is used as a nascent LD marker. Finally, we discuss the genetic variability in perilipins in connection with metabolic disease, prominent for PLIN1 and PLIN4, underlying the importance of understanding the molecular function of perilipins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Griseti
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires - I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), France
| | - Abdoul Akim Bello
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire - IPMC, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Valbonne, France
| | - Eric Bieth
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires - I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), France
- Departement de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, France
| | - Bayane Sabbagh
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier - CRBM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, France
| | - Jason S Iacovoni
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires - I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), France
| | - Joëlle Bigay
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire - IPMC, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Valbonne, France
| | - Henrik Laurell
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires - I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), France
| | - Alenka Čopič
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier - CRBM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, France
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25
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Sun XN, An YA, Paschoal VA, de Souza CO, Wang MY, Vishvanath L, Bueno LM, Cobb AS, Nieto Carrion JA, Ibe ME, Li C, Kidd HA, Chen S, Li W, Gupta RK, Oh DY. GPR84-mediated signal transduction affects metabolic function by promoting brown adipocyte activity. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e168992. [PMID: 37856216 PMCID: PMC10721148 DOI: 10.1172/jci168992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The G protein-coupled receptor 84 (GPR84), a medium-chain fatty acid receptor, has garnered attention because of its potential involvement in a range of metabolic conditions. However, the precise mechanisms underlying this effect remain elusive. Our study has shed light on the pivotal role of GPR84, revealing its robust expression and functional significance within brown adipose tissue (BAT). Mice lacking GPR84 exhibited increased lipid accumulation in BAT, rendering them more susceptible to cold exposure and displaying reduced BAT activity compared with their WT counterparts. Our in vitro experiments with primary brown adipocytes from GPR84-KO mice revealed diminished expression of thermogenic genes and reduced O2 consumption. Furthermore, the application of the GPR84 agonist 6-n-octylaminouracil (6-OAU) counteracted these effects, effectively reinstating the brown adipocyte activity. These compelling in vivo and in vitro findings converge to highlight mitochondrial dysfunction as the primary cause of BAT anomalies in GPR84-KO mice. The activation of GPR84 induced an increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels, which intricately influenced mitochondrial respiration. By modulating mitochondrial Ca2+ levels and respiration, GPR84 acts as a potent molecule involved in BAT activity. These findings suggest that GPR84 is a potential therapeutic target for invigorating BAT and ameliorating metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Nan Sun
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Yu A. An
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Vivian A. Paschoal
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Camila O. de Souza
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - May-yun Wang
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Lavanya Vishvanath
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lorena M.A. Bueno
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ayanna S. Cobb
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Joseph A. Nieto Carrion
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Madison E. Ibe
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Chao Li
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Harrison A. Kidd
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Shiuhwei Chen
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Wenhong Li
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Rana K. Gupta
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Da Young Oh
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Kane MS, Benavides GA, Osuma E, Johnson MS, Collins HE, He Y, Westbrook D, Litovsky SH, Mitra K, Chatham JC, Darley-Usmar V, Young ME, Zhang J. The interplay between sex, time of day, fasting status, and their impact on cardiac mitochondrial structure, function, and dynamics. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21638. [PMID: 38062139 PMCID: PMC10703790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49018-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria morphology and function, and their quality control by mitophagy, are essential for heart function. We investigated whether these are influenced by time of the day (TOD), sex, and fed or fasting status, using transmission electron microscopy (EM), mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) activity, and mito-QC reporter mice. We observed peak mitochondrial number at ZT8 in the fed state, which was dependent on the intrinsic cardiac circadian clock, as hearts from cardiomyocyte-specific BMAL1 knockout (CBK) mice exhibit different TOD responses. In contrast to mitochondrial number, mitochondrial ETC activities do not fluctuate across TOD, but decrease immediately and significantly in response to fasting. Concurrent with the loss of ETC activities, ETC proteins were decreased with fasting, simultaneous with significant increases of mitophagy, mitochondrial antioxidant protein SOD2, and the fission protein DRP1. Fasting-induced mitophagy was lost in CBK mice, indicating a direct role of BMAL1 in regulating mitophagy. This is the first of its kind report to demonstrate the interactions between sex, fasting, and TOD on cardiac mitochondrial structure, function and mitophagy. These studies provide a foundation for future investigations of mitochondrial functional perturbation in aging and heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariame S Kane
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL, BMRII-53435294-0017, USA
- Birmingham VA Health Care System (BVACS), Birmingham, USA
| | - Gloria A Benavides
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL, BMRII-53435294-0017, USA
| | - Edie Osuma
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL, BMRII-53435294-0017, USA
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Michelle S Johnson
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL, BMRII-53435294-0017, USA
| | - Helen E Collins
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL, BMRII-53435294-0017, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA
| | - Yecheng He
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL, BMRII-53435294-0017, USA
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - David Westbrook
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL, BMRII-53435294-0017, USA
| | - Silvio H Litovsky
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL, BMRII-53435294-0017, USA
| | - Kasturi Mitra
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Ashoka University, Sonipat, NCR (Delhi), India
| | - John C Chatham
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL, BMRII-53435294-0017, USA
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL, BMRII-53435294-0017, USA
| | - Martin E Young
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 703 19th St. S., ZRB 308, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL, BMRII-53435294-0017, USA.
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Chen S, Su X, Zhu J, Xiao L, Cong Y, Yang L, Du Z, Huang X. Metabolic plasticity sustains the robustness of Caenorhabditis elegans embryogenesis. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57440. [PMID: 37885348 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryogenesis is highly dependent on maternally loaded materials, particularly those used for energy production. Different environmental conditions and genetic backgrounds shape embryogenesis. The robustness of embryogenesis in response to extrinsic and intrinsic changes remains incompletely understood. By analyzing the levels of two major nutrients, glycogen and neutral lipids, we discovered stage-dependent usage of these two nutrients along with mitochondrial morphology changes during Caenorhabditis elegans embryogenesis. ATGL, the rate-limiting lipase in cellular lipolysis, is expressed and required in the hypodermis to regulate mitochondrial function and support embryogenesis. The embryonic lethality of atgl-1 mutants can be suppressed by reducing sinh-1/age-1-akt signaling, likely through modulating glucose metabolism to maintain sustainable glucose consumption. The embryonic lethality of atgl-1(xd314) is also affected by parental nutrition. Parental glucose and oleic acid supplements promote glycogen storage in atgl-1(xd314) embryos to compensate for the impaired lipolysis. The rescue by parental vitamin B12 supplement is likely through enhancing mitochondrial function in atgl-1 mutants. These findings reveal that metabolic plasticity contributes to the robustness of C. elegans embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinglin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Long Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulin Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Leilei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
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28
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Haley JA, Jang C, Guertin DA. A new era of understanding in vivo metabolic flux in thermogenic adipocytes. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2023; 83:102112. [PMID: 37703635 PMCID: PMC10840980 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Nonshivering thermogenesis by brown adipose tissue (BAT) is an adaptive mechanism for maintaining body temperature in cold environments. BAT is critical in rodents and human infants and has substantial influence on adult human metabolism. Stimulating BAT therapeutically is also being investigated as a strategy against metabolic diseases because of its ability to function as a catabolic sink. Thus, understanding how brown adipocytes and the related brite/beige adipocytes use nutrients to fuel their demanding metabolism has both basic and translational implications. Recent advances in mass spectrometry and isotope tracing are improving the ability to study metabolic flux in vivo. Here, we review how such strategies are advancing our understanding of adipocyte thermogenesis and conclude with key future questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Haley
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - David A Guertin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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Li X, Zhang Y, Xing X, Li M, Liu Y, Xu A, Zhang J. Podocyte injury of diabetic nephropathy: Novel mechanism discovery and therapeutic prospects. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115670. [PMID: 37837883 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus, posing significant challenges in terms of early prevention, clinical diagnosis, and treatment. Consequently, it has emerged as a major contributor to end-stage renal disease. The glomerular filtration barrier, composed of podocytes, endothelial cells, and the glomerular basement membrane, plays a vital role in maintaining renal function. Disruptions in podocyte function, including hypertrophy, shedding, reduced density, and apoptosis, can impair the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier, resulting in elevated proteinuria, abnormal glomerular filtration rate, and increased creatinine levels. Hence, recent research has increasingly focused on the role of podocyte injury in DN, with a growing emphasis on exploring therapeutic interventions targeting podocyte injury. Studies have revealed that factors such as lipotoxicity, hemodynamic abnormalities, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired autophagy can contribute to podocyte injury. This review aims to summarize the underlying mechanisms of podocyte injury in DN and provide an overview of the current research status regarding experimental drugs targeting podocyte injury in DN. The findings presented herein may offer potential therapeutic targets and strategies for the management of DN associated with podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiandeng Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaodong Xing
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Mi Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ajing Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Guo Z, Zhong F, Hou M, Xie J, Zhang AZ, Li X, Li Y, Chang B, Yang J. Key enzyme in charge of ketone reabsorption of renal tubular SMCT1 may be a new target in diabetic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2023; 38:2754-2766. [PMID: 37698892 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfad173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A ketogenic diet or mildly increased ketone body levels are beneficial for diabetic kidney disease (DKD) patients. Our previous study has found that sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter 1 (SMCT1), a key enzyme in charge of ketone reabsorption, possesses beneficial effects on the function of renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) in energy crisis. Our present study is to investigate whether SMCT1 is important in maintaining the physiological function of renal tubular and plays a role in DKD. METHODS We tested the expression of SMCT1 in kidney tissues from DKD patients receiving kidney biopsy as well as diabetes mice. We compared the difference of β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) levels in serum, urine and kidney tissues between diabetic mice and control. Using recombinant adeno-associated viral vector containing SMCT1 (encoded by Slc5a8 gene), we tested the effect of SMCT1 upregulation on microalbuminuria as well as its effects on mitochondrial energy metabolism in diabetic mice. Then we investigated the role of SMCT1 and its β-HB reabsorption function in maintaining the physiological function of renal tubular using renal tubule-specific Slc5a8 gene knockout mice. Transcriptomes and proteomics analysis were used to explore the underlying mechanism. RESULTS SMCT1 downregulation was found in DKD patients as well as in diabetic mice. Moreover, diabetic mice had a decreased renal β-HB level compared with control, and SMCT1 upregulation could improve microalbuminuria and mitochondrial energy metabolism. In renal tubule-specific Slc5a8 gene knockout mice, microalbuminuria occurred early at 24 weeks of age, accompanied by ATP shortage and metabolic reprogramming in the kidney; however, supplementation with β-HB precursor substance 1,3-butanediol in food alleviated kidney damage as well as energy metabolic reprogramming. CONCLUSIONS Decreased SMCT1 expression and its ketone reabsorption function play an important role in the occurrence of DKD. SMCT1 may be a new promising target in treating DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhong Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feifei Zhong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Hou
- Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinlan Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - A Zhong Zhang
- Inspection Technology Department, Tianjin People's Procuratorate, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinran Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Baocheng Chang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Juhong Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Guo S, Li C, Lian L, Le Z, Ren Y, Liao YX, Shen J, Hou JT. Fluorescence Imaging of Diabetic Cataract-Associated Lipid Droplets in Living Cells and Patient-Derived Tissues. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3882-3891. [PMID: 37737091 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cataract (DC) surgery carries risks such as slow wound healing, macular edema, and progression of retinopathy and is faced with a deficiency of effective drugs. In this context, we proposed a protocol to evaluate the drug's efficacy using lipid droplets (LDs) as the marker. For this purpose, a fluorescent probe PTZ-LD for LDs detection is developed based on the phenothiazine unit. The probe displays polarity-dependent emission variations, i.e., lower polarity leading to stronger intensity. Especially, the probe exhibits photostability superior to that of Nile Red, a commercial LDs staining dye. Using the probe, the formation of LDs in DC-modeled human lens epithelial (HLE) cells is validated, and the interplay of LDs-LDs and LDs-others are investigated. Unexpectedly, lipid transfer between LDs is visualized. Moreover, the therapeutic efficacy of various drugs in DC-modeled HLE cells is assessed. Ultimately, more LDs were found in lens epithelial tissues from DC patients than in cataract tissues for the first time. We anticipate that this work can attract more attention to the important roles of LDs during DC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530008, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Chen Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325003, China
| | - Lili Lian
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325003, China
| | - Zhenmin Le
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325003, China
| | - Yueping Ren
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325003, China
| | - Ye-Xin Liao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530008, China
- Guangxi Higher Education Institutes Key Laboratory for New Chemical and Biological Transformation Process Technology, Nanning 530008, China
| | - Jianliang Shen
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China
| | - Ji-Ting Hou
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
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Kang SWS, Cunningham RP, Miller CB, Brown LA, Cultraro CM, Harned A, Narayan K, Hernandez J, Jenkins LM, Lobanov A, Cam M, Porat-Shliom N. A spatial map of hepatic mitochondria uncovers functional heterogeneity shaped by nutrient-sensing signaling. bioRxiv 2023:2023.04.13.536717. [PMID: 37333328 PMCID: PMC10274915 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.13.536717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
In the liver, mitochondria are exposed to different concentrations of nutrients due to their spatial positioning across the periportal (PP) and pericentral (PC) axis. How these mitochondria sense and integrate these signals to respond and maintain homeostasis is not known. Here, we combined intravital microscopy, spatial proteomics, and functional assessment to investigate mitochondrial heterogeneity in the context of liver zonation. We found that PP and PC mitochondria are morphologically and functionally distinct; beta-oxidation was elevated in PP regions, while lipid synthesis was predominant in the PC mitochondria. In addition, comparative phosphoproteomics revealed spatially distinct patterns of mitochondrial composition and potential regulation via phosphorylation. Acute pharmacological modulation of nutrient sensing through AMPK and mTOR shifted mitochondrial phenotypes in the PP and PC regions, linking nutrient gradients across the lobule and mitochondrial heterogeneity. This study highlights the role of protein phosphorylation in mitochondrial structure, function, and overall homeostasis in hepatic metabolic zonation. These findings have important implications for liver physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Woo Sophie Kang
- Cell Biology and Imaging Section, Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rory P. Cunningham
- Cell Biology and Imaging Section, Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Colin B. Miller
- Cell Biology and Imaging Section, Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lauryn A. Brown
- Cell Biology and Imaging Section, Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Constance M. Cultraro
- Cell Biology and Imaging Section, Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Adam Harned
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Kedar Narayan
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan Hernandez
- Surgical Oncology Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lisa M. Jenkins
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexei Lobanov
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource (CCBR) National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maggie Cam
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource (CCBR) National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Natalie Porat-Shliom
- Cell Biology and Imaging Section, Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Song H, Zhang X, Wang J, Wu Y, Xiong T, Shen J, Lin R, Xiao T, Lin W. The regulatory role of adipocyte mitochondrial homeostasis in metabolism-related diseases. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1261204. [PMID: 37920803 PMCID: PMC10619862 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1261204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is the most important energy storage organ in the body, maintaining its normal energy metabolism function and playing a vital role in keeping the energy balance of the body to avoid the harm caused by obesity and a series of related diseases resulting from abnormal energy metabolism. The dysfunction of adipose tissue is closely related to the occurrence of diseases related to obesity metabolism. Among various organelles, mitochondria are the main site of energy metabolism, and mitochondria maintain their quality through autophagy, biogenesis, transfer, and dynamics, which play an important role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis of adipocytes. On the other hand, mitochondria have mitochondrial genomes which are vulnerable to damage due to the lack of protective structures and their proximity to sites of reactive oxygen species generation, thus affecting mitochondrial function. Notably, mitochondria are closely related to other organelles in adipocytes, such as lipid droplets and the endoplasmic reticulum, which enhances the function of mitochondria and other organelles and regulates energy metabolism processes, thus reducing the occurrence of obesity-related diseases. This article introduces the structure and quality control of mitochondria in adipocytes and their interactions with other organelles in adipocytes, aiming to provide a new perspective on the regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis in adipocytes on the occurrence of obesity-related diseases, and to provide theoretical reference for further revealing the molecular mechanism of mitochondrial homeostasis in adipocytes on the occurrence of obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Song
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yanling Wu
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Taimin Xiong
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jieqiong Shen
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ruiyi Lin
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Tianfang Xiao
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Weimin Lin
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Boykov IN, Montgomery MM, Hagen JT, Aruleba RT, McLaughlin KL, Coalson HS, Nelson MA, Pereyra AS, Ellis JM, Zeczycki TN, Vohra NA, Tan SF, Cabot MC, Fisher-Wellman KH. Pan-tissue mitochondrial phenotyping reveals lower OXPHOS expression and function across cancer types. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16742. [PMID: 37798427 PMCID: PMC10556099 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43963-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to treat cancer has been hampered due to serious side-effects potentially arising from the inability to discriminate between non-cancerous and cancerous mitochondria. Herein, comprehensive mitochondrial phenotyping was leveraged to define both the composition and function of OXPHOS across various murine cancers and compared to both matched normal tissues and other organs. When compared to both matched normal tissues, as well as high OXPHOS reliant organs like heart, intrinsic expression of the OXPHOS complexes, as well as OXPHOS flux were discovered to be consistently lower across distinct cancer types. Assuming intrinsic OXPHOS expression/function predicts OXPHOS reliance in vivo, these data suggest that pharmacologic blockade of mitochondrial OXPHOS likely compromises bioenergetic homeostasis in healthy oxidative organs prior to impacting tumor mitochondrial flux in a clinically meaningful way. Although these data caution against the use of indiscriminate mitochondrial inhibitors for cancer treatment, considerable heterogeneity was observed across cancer types with respect to both mitochondrial proteome composition and substrate-specific flux, highlighting the possibility for targeting discrete mitochondrial proteins or pathways unique to a given cancer type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya N Boykov
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, 115 Heart Drive, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - McLane M Montgomery
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, 115 Heart Drive, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - James T Hagen
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, 115 Heart Drive, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Raphael T Aruleba
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, 115 Heart Drive, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Kelsey L McLaughlin
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, 115 Heart Drive, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Hannah S Coalson
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, 115 Heart Drive, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Margaret A Nelson
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, 115 Heart Drive, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Andrea S Pereyra
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, 115 Heart Drive, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Jessica M Ellis
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, 115 Heart Drive, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Tonya N Zeczycki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Nasreen A Vohra
- Department of Surgery, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Su-Fern Tan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Myles C Cabot
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, 115 Heart Drive, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Kelsey H Fisher-Wellman
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, 115 Heart Drive, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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35
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Lundgren P, Sharma PV, Dohnalová L, Coleman K, Uhr GT, Kircher S, Litichevskiy L, Bahnsen K, Descamps HC, Demetriadou C, Chan J, Chellappa K, Cox TO, Heyman Y, Pather SR, Shoffler C, Petucci C, Shalem O, Raj A, Baur JA, Snyder NW, Wellen KE, Levy M, Seale P, Li M, Thaiss CA. A subpopulation of lipogenic brown adipocytes drives thermogenic memory. Nat Metab 2023; 5:1691-1705. [PMID: 37783943 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00893-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Sustained responses to transient environmental stimuli are important for survival. The mechanisms underlying long-term adaptations to temporary shifts in abiotic factors remain incompletely understood. Here, we find that transient cold exposure leads to sustained transcriptional and metabolic adaptations in brown adipose tissue, which improve thermogenic responses to secondary cold encounter. Primary thermogenic challenge triggers the delayed induction of a lipid biosynthesis programme even after cessation of the original stimulus, which protects from subsequent exposures. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics reveal that this response is driven by a lipogenic subpopulation of brown adipocytes localized along the perimeter of Ucp1hi adipocytes. This lipogenic programme is associated with the production of acylcarnitines, and supplementation of acylcarnitines is sufficient to recapitulate improved secondary cold responses. Overall, our data highlight the importance of heterogenous brown adipocyte populations for 'thermogenic memory', which may have therapeutic implications for leveraging short-term thermogenesis to counteract obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Lundgren
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Prateek V Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lenka Dohnalová
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kyle Coleman
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Giulia T Uhr
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Susanna Kircher
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lev Litichevskiy
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Klaas Bahnsen
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hélène C Descamps
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christina Demetriadou
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karthikeyani Chellappa
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy O Cox
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yael Heyman
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarshan R Pather
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Clarissa Shoffler
- Penn Metabolomics Core, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher Petucci
- Penn Metabolomics Core, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ophir Shalem
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arjun Raj
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph A Baur
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nathaniel W Snyder
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maayan Levy
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patrick Seale
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mingyao Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christoph A Thaiss
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Jia M, Xu T, Xu YJ, Liu Y. Dietary fatty acids activate or deactivate brown and beige fat. Life Sci 2023; 330:121978. [PMID: 37516433 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige fat have been documented to rapidly consume fatty acids (FAs) rather than deposit of lipid, and they have high capacity to dissipate energy via nonshivering thermogenesis, making BAT and beige fat potential organs to fight obesity and related chronic diseases. As the main substrate for thermogenesis and the basic constituent unit of triacylglycerol, FAs could modify BAT and remodel white adipose tissue (WAT) to beige fat. However, there are few comprehensive review covering the link between dietary FAs and thermogenic adipocyte..In this review, we described the metabolism of thermogenic adipose upon activation and comprehensively summarized publications on the dietary FAs that activate or deactivate BAT and beige fat. Specifically, eicosapentaenoic acid/docosahexaenoic acid (EPA/DHA), α-linolenic acid (α-ALA), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), oleic acid (OA), long-chain saturated fatty acid (LC-SFA) and medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA). in addition, the influences on BAT function, WAT remodeling, and lipid metabolism, as well as delineated the possible mechanisms are also reviewed. Characterizing thermogenic or obesogenic dietary FAs may offer novel insight into dietary oil and nutritional treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jia
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China; Institute of Food & Nutrition Science and Technology, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Food for Special Medical Purpose, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongyebei Road, Jinan 250100, Shandong, PR China
| | - Tongcheng Xu
- Institute of Food & Nutrition Science and Technology, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Food for Special Medical Purpose, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongyebei Road, Jinan 250100, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yong-Jiang Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China.
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37
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Cho YK, Lee S, Lee J, Doh J, Park JH, Jung YS, Lee YH. Lipid remodeling of adipose tissue in metabolic health and disease. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1955-1973. [PMID: 37653032 PMCID: PMC10545718 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01071-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a dynamic and metabolically active organ that plays a crucial role in energy homeostasis and endocrine function. Recent advancements in lipidomics techniques have enabled the study of the complex lipid composition of adipose tissue and its role in metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. In addition, adipose tissue lipidomics has emerged as a powerful tool for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these disorders and identifying bioactive lipid mediators and potential therapeutic targets. This review aims to summarize recent lipidomics studies that investigated the dynamic remodeling of adipose tissue lipids in response to specific physiological changes, pharmacological interventions, and pathological conditions. We discuss the molecular mechanisms of lipid remodeling in adipose tissue and explore the recent identification of bioactive lipid mediators generated in adipose tissue that regulate adipocytes and systemic metabolism. We propose that manipulating lipid-mediator metabolism could serve as a therapeutic approach for preventing or treating obesity-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Keun Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsang Doh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Institute of Engineering Research, Bio-MAX Institute, Soft Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hong Park
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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38
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Chen L, Zhou M, Li H, Liu D, Liao P, Zong Y, Zhang C, Zou W, Gao J. Mitochondrial heterogeneity in diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:311. [PMID: 37607925 PMCID: PMC10444818 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01546-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As key organelles involved in cellular metabolism, mitochondria frequently undergo adaptive changes in morphology, components and functions in response to various environmental stresses and cellular demands. Previous studies of mitochondria research have gradually evolved, from focusing on morphological change analysis to systematic multiomics, thereby revealing the mitochondrial variation between cells or within the mitochondrial population within a single cell. The phenomenon of mitochondrial variation features is defined as mitochondrial heterogeneity. Moreover, mitochondrial heterogeneity has been reported to influence a variety of physiological processes, including tissue homeostasis, tissue repair, immunoregulation, and tumor progression. Here, we comprehensively review the mitochondrial heterogeneity in different tissues under pathological states, involving variant features of mitochondrial DNA, RNA, protein and lipid components. Then, the mechanisms that contribute to mitochondrial heterogeneity are also summarized, such as the mutation of the mitochondrial genome and the import of mitochondrial proteins that result in the heterogeneity of mitochondrial DNA and protein components. Additionally, multiple perspectives are investigated to better comprehend the mysteries of mitochondrial heterogeneity between cells. Finally, we summarize the prospective mitochondrial heterogeneity-targeting therapies in terms of alleviating mitochondrial oxidative damage, reducing mitochondrial carbon stress and enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis to relieve various pathological conditions. The possibility of recent technological advances in targeted mitochondrial gene editing is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Mengnan Zhou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Delin Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Peng Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yao Zong
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Weiguo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Junjie Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Fujian, No. 16, Luoshan Section, Jinguang Road, Luoshan Street, Jinjiang City, Quanzhou, Fujian, China.
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39
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Muñoz JP, Basei FL, Rojas ML, Galvis D, Zorzano A. Mechanisms of Modulation of Mitochondrial Architecture. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1225. [PMID: 37627290 PMCID: PMC10452872 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial network architecture plays a critical role in cellular physiology. Indeed, alterations in the shape of mitochondria upon exposure to cellular stress can cause the dysfunction of these organelles. In this scenario, mitochondrial dynamics proteins and the phospholipid composition of the mitochondrial membrane are key for fine-tuning the modulation of mitochondrial architecture. In addition, several factors including post-translational modifications such as the phosphorylation, acetylation, SUMOylation, and o-GlcNAcylation of mitochondrial dynamics proteins contribute to shaping the plasticity of this architecture. In this regard, several studies have evidenced that, upon metabolic stress, mitochondrial dynamics proteins are post-translationally modified, leading to the alteration of mitochondrial architecture. Interestingly, several proteins that sustain the mitochondrial lipid composition also modulate mitochondrial morphology and organelle communication. In this context, pharmacological studies have revealed that the modulation of mitochondrial shape and function emerges as a potential therapeutic strategy for metabolic diseases. Here, we review the factors that modulate mitochondrial architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Muñoz
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernanda Luisa Basei
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-871 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - María Laura Rojas
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - David Galvis
- Programa de Química Farmacéutica, Universidad CES, Medellín 050031, Colombia
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Chen J, Yue F, Kim KH, Zhu P, Qiu J, Tao WA, Kuang S. FAM210A mediates an inter-organelle crosstalk essential for protein synthesis and muscle growth in mouse. bioRxiv 2023:2023.08.03.551853. [PMID: 37577696 PMCID: PMC10418219 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.03.551853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are not only essential for energy production in eukaryocytes but also a key regulator of intracellular signaling. Here, we report an unappreciated role of mitochondria in regulating cytosolic protein translation in skeletal muscle cells (myofibers). We show that the expression of mitochondrial protein FAM210A (Family With Sequence Similarity 210 Member A) is positively associated with muscle mass in mice and humans. Muscle-specific Myl1Cre-driven Fam210a knockout (Fam210aMKO) in mice reduces mitochondrial density and function, leading to progressive muscle atrophy and premature death. Metabolomic and biochemical analyses reveal that Fam210aMKO reverses the oxidative TCA cycle towards the reductive direction, resulting in acetyl-CoA accumulation and hyperacetylation of cytosolic proteins. Specifically, hyperacetylation of several ribosomal proteins leads to disassembly of ribosomes and translational defects. Transplantation of Fam210aMKO mitochondria into wildtype myoblasts is sufficient to elevate protein acetylation in recipient cells. These findings reveal a novel crosstalk between the mitochondrion and ribosome mediated by FAM210A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjuan Chen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Feng Yue
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Kun Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Peipei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jiamin Qiu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - W. Andy Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Sarmento MJ, Llorente A, Petan T, Khnykin D, Popa I, Nikolac Perkovic M, Konjevod M, Jaganjac M. The expanding organelle lipidomes: current knowledge and challenges. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:237. [PMID: 37530856 PMCID: PMC10397142 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04889-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Lipids in cell membranes and subcellular compartments play essential roles in numerous cellular processes, such as energy production, cell signaling and inflammation. A specific organelle lipidome is characterized by lipid synthesis and metabolism, intracellular trafficking, and lipid homeostasis in the organelle. Over the years, considerable effort has been directed to the identification of the lipid fingerprints of cellular organelles. However, these fingerprints are not fully characterized due to the large variety and structural complexity of lipids and the great variability in the abundance of different lipid species. The process becomes even more challenging when considering that the lipidome differs in health and disease contexts. This review summarizes the information available on the lipid composition of mammalian cell organelles, particularly the lipidome of the nucleus, mitochondrion, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, plasma membrane and organelles in the endocytic pathway. The lipid compositions of extracellular vesicles and lamellar bodies are also described. In addition, several examples of subcellular lipidome dynamics under physiological and pathological conditions are presented. Finally, challenges in mapping organelle lipidomes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Sarmento
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alicia Llorente
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0379, Oslo, Norway
- Department for Mechanical, Electronics and Chemical Engineering, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0167, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway
| | - Toni Petan
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Denis Khnykin
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Iuliana Popa
- Pharmacy Department, Bâtiment Henri Moissan, University Paris-Saclay, 17 Avenue des Sciences, 91400, Orsay, France
| | | | - Marcela Konjevod
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Morana Jaganjac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Enkler L, Szentgyörgyi V, Pennauer M, Prescianotto-Baschong C, Riezman I, Wiesyk A, Avraham RE, Spiess M, Zalckvar E, Kucharczyk R, Riezman H, Spang A. Arf1 coordinates fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial homeostasis. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:1157-1172. [PMID: 37400497 PMCID: PMC10415182 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Lipid mobilization through fatty acid β-oxidation is a central process essential for energy production during nutrient shortage. In yeast, this catabolic process starts in the peroxisome from where β-oxidation products enter mitochondria and fuel the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Little is known about the physical and metabolic cooperation between these organelles. Here we found that expression of fatty acid transporters and of the rate-limiting enzyme involved in β-oxidation is decreased in cells expressing a hyperactive mutant of the small GTPase Arf1, leading to an accumulation of fatty acids in lipid droplets. Consequently, mitochondria became fragmented and ATP synthesis decreased. Genetic and pharmacological depletion of fatty acids phenocopied the arf1 mutant mitochondrial phenotype. Although β-oxidation occurs in both mitochondria and peroxisomes in mammals, Arf1's role in fatty acid metabolism is conserved. Together, our results indicate that Arf1 integrates metabolism into energy production by regulating fatty acid storage and utilization, and presumably organelle contact sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Isabelle Riezman
- Department of Biochemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aneta Wiesyk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Reut Ester Avraham
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Einat Zalckvar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Roza Kucharczyk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Howard Riezman
- Department of Biochemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne Spang
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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43
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Hüsler D, Stauffer P, Hilbi H. Tapping lipid droplets: A rich fat diet of intracellular bacterial pathogens. Mol Microbiol 2023; 120:194-209. [PMID: 37429596 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic and versatile organelles present in most eukaryotic cells. LDs consist of a hydrophobic core of neutral lipids, a phospholipid monolayer coat, and a variety of associated proteins. LDs are formed at the endoplasmic reticulum and have diverse roles in lipid storage, energy metabolism, membrane trafficking, and cellular signaling. In addition to their physiological cellular functions, LDs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including metabolic disorders, cancer, and infections. A number of intracellular bacterial pathogens modulate and/or interact with LDs during host cell infection. Members of the genera Mycobacterium, Legionella, Coxiella, Chlamydia, and Salmonella exploit LDs as a source of intracellular nutrients and membrane components to establish their distinct intracellular replicative niches. In this review, we focus on the biogenesis, interactions, and functions of LDs, as well as on their role in lipid metabolism of intracellular bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Hüsler
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pia Stauffer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hubert Hilbi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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44
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Plewes MR, Talbott HA, Saviola AJ, Woods NT, Schott MB, Davis JS. Luteal Lipid Droplets: A Novel Platform for Steroid Synthesis. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad124. [PMID: 37586092 PMCID: PMC10445418 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone is an essential steroid hormone that is required to initiate and maintain pregnancy in mammals and serves as a metabolic intermediate in the synthesis of endogenously produced steroids, including sex hormones and corticosteroids. Steroidogenic luteal cells of the corpus luteum have the tremendous capacity to synthesize progesterone. These specialized cells are highly enriched with lipid droplets that store lipid substrate, which can be used for the synthesis of steroids. We recently reported that hormone-stimulated progesterone synthesis by luteal cells requires protein kinase A-dependent mobilization of cholesterol substrate from lipid droplets to mitochondria. We hypothesize that luteal lipid droplets are enriched with steroidogenic enzymes and facilitate the synthesis of steroids in the corpus luteum. In the present study, we analyzed the lipid droplet proteome, conducted the first proteomic analysis of lipid droplets under acute cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-stimulated conditions, and determined how specific lipid droplet proteins affect steroidogenesis. Steroidogenic enzymes, cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1 and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD3B), were highly abundant on lipid droplets of the bovine corpus luteum. High-resolution confocal microscopy confirmed the presence of active HSD3B on the surface of luteal lipid droplets. We report that luteal lipid droplets have the capacity to synthesize progesterone from pregnenolone. Lastly, we analyzed the lipid droplet proteome following acute stimulation with cAMP analog, 8-Br-cAMP, and report increased association of HSD3B with luteal lipid droplets following stimulation. These findings provide novel insights into the role of luteal lipid droplets in steroid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele R Plewes
- Olson Center for Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center,Omaha, NE 68198-3255, USA
- Department of Research Services, Veterans Affairs Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center,Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Heather A Talbott
- Olson Center for Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center,Omaha, NE 68198-3255, USA
| | - Anthony J Saviola
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045USA
| | - Nicholas T Woods
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, USA
| | - Micah B Schott
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center,Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - John S Davis
- Olson Center for Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center,Omaha, NE 68198-3255, USA
- Department of Research Services, Veterans Affairs Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center,Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
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Miner GE, So CM, Edwards W, Ragusa JV, Wine JT, Wong Gutierrez D, Airola MV, Herring LE, Coleman RA, Klett EL, Cohen S. PLIN5 interacts with FATP4 at membrane contact sites to promote lipid droplet-to-mitochondria fatty acid transport. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1250-1265.e6. [PMID: 37290445 PMCID: PMC10525032 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cells adjust their metabolism by remodeling membrane contact sites that channel metabolites to different fates. Lipid droplet (LD)-mitochondria contacts change in response to fasting, cold exposure, and exercise. However, their function and mechanism of formation have remained controversial. We focused on perilipin 5 (PLIN5), an LD protein that tethers mitochondria, to probe the function and regulation of LD-mitochondria contacts. We demonstrate that efficient LD-to-mitochondria fatty acid (FA) trafficking and ß-oxidation during starvation of myoblasts are promoted by phosphorylation of PLIN5 and require an intact PLIN5 mitochondrial tethering domain. Using human and murine cells, we further identified the acyl-CoA synthetase, FATP4 (ACSVL4), as a mitochondrial interactor of PLIN5. The C-terminal domains of PLIN5 and FATP4 constitute a minimal protein interaction capable of inducing organelle contacts. Our work suggests that starvation leads to phosphorylation of PLIN5, lipolysis, and subsequent channeling of FAs from LDs to FATP4 on mitochondria for conversion to fatty-acyl-CoAs and subsequent oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory E Miner
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Christina M So
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Whitney Edwards
- Department of Biology and Genetics, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Joey V Ragusa
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jonathan T Wine
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Daniel Wong Gutierrez
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Michael V Airola
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Laura E Herring
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Rosalind A Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Eric L Klett
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sarah Cohen
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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46
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Zhou M, Kong B, Zhang X, Xiao K, Lu J, Li W, Li M, Li Z, Ji W, Hou J, Xu T. A proximity labeling strategy enables proteomic analysis of inter-organelle membrane contacts. iScience 2023; 26:107159. [PMID: 37485370 PMCID: PMC10362359 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Inter-organelle membrane contacts are highly dynamic and act as central hubs for many biological processes, but the protein compositions remain largely unknown due to the lack of efficient tools. Here, we developed BiFCPL to analyze the contact proteome in living cells by a bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC)-based proximity labeling (PL) strategy. BiFCPL was applied to study mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contacts (MERCs) and mitochondria-lipid droplet (LD) contacts. We identified 403 highly confident MERC proteins, including many transiently resident proteins and potential tethers. Moreover, we demonstrated that mitochondria-LD contacts are sensitive to nutrient status. A comparative proteomic analysis revealed that 60 proteins are up- or downregulated at contact sites under metabolic challenge. We verified that SQLE, an enzyme for cholesterol synthesis, accumulates at mitochondria-LD contact sites probably to utilize local ATP for cholesterol synthesis. This work provides an efficient method to identify key proteins at inter-organelle membrane contacts in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoge Zhou
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510005, China
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bingjie Kong
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ke Xiao
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Weixing Li
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Min Li
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510005, China
| | - Zonghong Li
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510005, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junjie Hou
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510005, China
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
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47
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Jin Y, Tan Y, Wu J, Ren Z. Lipid droplets: a cellular organelle vital in cancer cells. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:254. [PMID: 37474495 PMCID: PMC10359296 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01493-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are cellular organelles comprising a core of neutral lipids (glycerides, sterols) encased within a single phospholipid membrane, responsible for storing surplus lipids and furnishing cellular energy. LDs engage in lipid synthesis, catabolism, and transport processes by interacting with other organelles (e.g., endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria), and they play critical roles in regulating cellular stress and immunity. Recent research has uncovered that an elevated number of LDs is a hallmark of cancer cells, attributable to their enhanced lipid uptake and synthesis capacity, with lipids stored as LDs. Depletion of LDs in cancer cells induces apoptosis, prompting the emergence of small molecule antitumor drugs targeting LDs or key factors (e.g., FASN, SCD1) within the lipid synthesis pathway. Advancements in LD isolation and artificial synthesis have demonstrated their potential applicability in antitumor research. LDs extracted from murine adipose tissue and incubated with lipophilic antitumor drugs yield drug-coated LDs, which promote apoptosis in cancer cells. Furthermore, LDs have been employed as biological lenses to augment the resolution of subcellular structures (microfilaments, microtubules), facilitating the observation of intricate structures within thicker cells, including cancer cells. This review delineates the functional and metabolic mechanisms of LDs in cancer cells and encapsulates recent progress in LD-centered antitumor research, offering novel insights for tumor diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yanjie Tan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Zhuqing Ren
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, P. R. China.
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48
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Park JS, Rehman IU, Choe K, Ahmad R, Lee HJ, Kim MO. A Triterpenoid Lupeol as an Antioxidant and Anti-Neuroinflammatory Agent: Impacts on Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:3059. [PMID: 37447385 DOI: 10.3390/nu15133059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease illustrated by neuronal dysfunctions, leading to memory weaknesses and personality changes mostly in the aged population worldwide. The exact cause of AD is unclear, but numerous studies have addressed the involvement of oxidative stress (OS), induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), to be one of the leading causes in developing AD. OS dysregulates the cellular homeostasis, causing abnormal protein and lipid metabolism. Nutrition plays a pivotal role in modulating the antioxidant system and decreases the neuronal ROS level, thus playing an important therapeutic role in neurodegenerative diseases, especially in AD. Hence, medicinal herbs and their extracts have received global attention as a commercial source of antioxidants Lupeol. Lupeol is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and has many biological functions. It is available in fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants. It has shown effective antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and higher blood-brain barrier permeability. Also, the binding and inhibitory potentials of Lupeol have been investigated and proved to be effective against certain receptor proteins and enzymes in AD studies by computational molecular docking approaches. Therefore, AD-related research has gained interest in investigating the therapeutic effects of Lupeol. However, despite its beneficial effects in AD, there is still a lack of research in Lupeol. Hence, we compiled in this analysis all preclinical research that looked at Lupeol as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Park
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Inayat Ur Rehman
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyonghwan Choe
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Riaz Ahmad
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Jin Lee
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Alz-Dementia Korea Co., Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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49
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Denford SE, Wilhelm BT. Defining the elusive oncogenic role of the methyltransferase TMT1B. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1211540. [PMID: 37456227 PMCID: PMC10339810 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1211540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Methyltransferases are enzymes fundamental to a wide range of normal biological activities that can become dysregulated during oncogenesis. For instance, the recent description of the methyltransferase-like (METTL) family of enzymes, has demonstrated the importance of the N6-adenosine-methyltransferase (m6A) modification in transcripts in the context of malignant transformation. Because of their importance, numerous METTL family members have been biochemically characterized to identify their cellular substrates, however some members such as METTL7B, recently renamed TMT1B and which is the subject of this review, remain enigmatic. First identified in the stacked Golgi, TMT1B is also localized to the endoplasmic reticulum as well as lipid droplets and has been reported as being upregulated in a wide range of cancer types including lung cancer, gliomas, and leukemia. Interestingly, despite evidence that TMT1B might act on protein substrates, it has also been shown to act on small molecule alkyl thiol substrates such as hydrogen sulfide, and its loss has been found to affect cellular proliferation and migration. Here we review the current evidence for TMT1B's activity, localization, and potential biological role in the context of both normal and cancerous cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Denford
- Laboratory for High Throughput Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Brian T. Wilhelm
- Laboratory for High Throughput Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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50
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de Mello NP, Fecher C, Pastor AM, Perocchi F, Misgeld T. Ex vivo immunocapture and functional characterization of cell-type-specific mitochondria using MitoTag mice. Nat Protoc 2023:10.1038/s41596-023-00831-w. [PMID: 37328604 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00831-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are key bioenergetic organelles involved in many biosynthetic and signaling pathways. However, their differential contribution to specific functions of cells within complex tissues is difficult to dissect with current methods. The present protocol addresses this need by enabling the ex vivo immunocapture of cell-type-specific mitochondria directly from their tissue context through a MitoTag reporter mouse. While other available methods were developed for bulk mitochondria isolation or more abundant cell-type-specific mitochondria, this protocol was optimized for the selective isolation of functional mitochondria from medium-to-low-abundant cell types in a heterogeneous tissue, such as the central nervous system. The protocol has three major parts: First, mitochondria of a cell type of interest are tagged via an outer mitochondrial membrane eGFP by crossing MitoTag mice to a cell-type-specific Cre-driver line or by delivery of viral vectors for Cre expression. Second, homogenates are prepared from relevant tissues by nitrogen cavitation, from which tagged organelles are immunocaptured using magnetic microbeads. Third, immunocaptured mitochondria are used for downstream assays, e.g., to probe respiratory capacity or calcium handling, revealing cell-type-specific mitochondrial diversity in molecular composition and function. The MitoTag approach enables the identification of marker proteins to label cell-type-specific organelle populations in situ, elucidates cell-type-enriched mitochondrial metabolic and signaling pathways, and reveals functional mitochondrial diversity between adjacent cell types in complex tissues, such as the brain. Apart from establishing the mouse colony (6-8 weeks without import), the immunocapture protocol takes 2 h and functional assays require 1-2 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Prudente de Mello
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Caroline Fecher
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Adrian Marti Pastor
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabiana Perocchi
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany.
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany.
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