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Wesseldijk LW, Henechowicz TL, Baker DJ, Bignardi G, Karlsson R, Gordon RL, Mosing MA, Ullén F, Fisher SE. Notes from Beethoven's genome. Curr Biol 2024; 34:R233-R234. [PMID: 38531312 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Rapid advances over the last decade in DNA sequencing and statistical genetics enable us to investigate the genomic makeup of individuals throughout history. In a recent notable study, Begg et al.1 used Ludwig van Beethoven's hair strands for genome sequencing and explored genetic predispositions for some of his documented medical issues. Given that it was arguably Beethoven's skills as a musician and composer that made him an iconic figure in Western culture, we here extend the approach and apply it to musicality. We use this as an example to illustrate the broader challenges of individual-level genetic predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura W Wesseldijk
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Tara L Henechowicz
- Music and Health Sciences Research Collaboratory, Faculty of Music, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - David J Baker
- Institute for Logic, Language, and Computation, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giacomo Bignardi
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Max Planck School of Cognition, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Reyna L Gordon
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Blair School of Music, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Miriam A Mosing
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, CS Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fredrik Ullén
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Simon E Fisher
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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2
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Laccourreye O, Laccourreye L. Two hundred years ago, the birth of the Ode to Joy, by a world-famous deaf German. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2024:S1879-7296(24)00044-9. [PMID: 38521651 DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- O Laccourreye
- Service d'otorhinolaryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale, HEGP, AP-HP, université Paris Cité, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - L Laccourreye
- Service d'otorhinolaryngologie, institut Arthur-Vernes, 36, rue d'Assas, 75006 Paris, France
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3
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Li Z, Zhang L. Reconsidering the etiology of Beethoven's deafness: A cautionary perspective on chronic HBV infection. J Infect 2024; 88:199. [PMID: 38065290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China; Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Leiliang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China; Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Rzymski P, Zarębska-Michaluk D, Flisiak R. Beethoven's deafness more likely linked to viral infection than lead poisoning. J Infect 2024; 88:210. [PMID: 38141786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Rzymski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Dorota Zarębska-Michaluk
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Allergology, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-317 Kielce, Poland
| | - Robert Flisiak
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-540 Białystok, Poland
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Luis JR, Palencia-Madrid L, Runfeldt G, Garcia-Bertrand R, Herrera RJ. Delineating the dispersal of Y-chromosome sub-haplogroup O2a2b-P164 among Austronesian-speaking populations. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2066. [PMID: 38267477 PMCID: PMC10808098 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52293-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This article reports on an exploration of the Y-chromosome sub-haplogroup O2a2b-P164 in Austronesian-speaking populations. Moderate to high abundance of the P 164 mutation is seen in the West Pacific including the Amis of Formosa (36%) and the Filipinos of Mindanao (50%) as well as in the Kiritimati of Micronesia (70%), and Tonga and Samoa of West Polynesia (54% and 33%, respectively), and it drops to low frequencies in populations of East Polynesia. The communities of Polynesia and Micronesia exhibit considerable inter- and intra-population haplotype sharing suggesting extensive population affinity. The observed affinities, as well as the ages and diversity values within the P 164 sub-haplogroup among Austronesian-speaking populations signal an ancestral migration route and relationships that link the Amis of Taiwan with distant communities in West and East Polynesia, Micronesia, and the Maori of New Zealand. High resolution sequencing of the Austronesian Y chromosome indicate that the P 164 lineage originated about 19,000 ya and then split into three branches separating the Ami aborigines, Southeast Asian and Polynesian/Micronesian populations about 4700 ya, roughly coinciding with the initiation of the Austronesian diaspora. The Y-chromosomes of all the Polynesian and Micronesian population examined belong to the new FT 257096 haplogroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rodriguez Luis
- Area de Antropología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Leire Palencia-Madrid
- BIOMICs Research Group, Dpto. Z. y Biologia Celular A., Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | | | - Ralph Garcia-Bertrand
- Department of Molecular Biology, Colorado College, 14 East Cache La Poudre Street, Colorado Springs, CO, 80903-3294, USA
| | - Rene J Herrera
- Department of Molecular Biology, Colorado College, 14 East Cache La Poudre Street, Colorado Springs, CO, 80903-3294, USA.
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van Munster KN, Bergquist A, Ponsioen CY. Inflammatory bowel disease and primary sclerosing cholangitis: One disease or two? J Hepatol 2024; 80:155-168. [PMID: 37940453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) was declared one of the biggest unmet needs in hepatology during International Liver Congress 2016 in Berlin. Since then, not much has changed unfortunately, largely due to the still elusive pathophysiology of the disease. One of the most striking features of PSC is its association with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with the majority of patients with PSC being diagnosed with extensive colitis. This review describes the epidemiology of IBD in PSC, its specific phenotype, complications and potential pathophysiological mechanisms connecting the two diseases. Whether PSC is merely an extra-intestinal manifestation of IBD or if PSC and IBD are two distinct diseases that happen to share a common susceptibility that leads to a dual phenotype is debated. Implications for the management of the two diseases together are also discussed. Overall, this review summarises the available data in PSC-IBD and discusses whether PSC and IBD are one or two disease(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim N van Munster
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annika Bergquist
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Division of Hepatology, Karolinska Institutet, Department of Upper GI Disease, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cyriel Y Ponsioen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Lee SK, Kim SH, Ahnn J. Beethoven, Infected with Hepatitis B, Inspired the "Beethoven Virus.". Mol Cells 2023; 46:743-745. [PMID: 38052489 PMCID: PMC10701304 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2023.0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Kyung Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Joohong Ahnn
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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8
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Childebayeva A, Zavala EI. Review: Computational analysis of human skeletal remains in ancient DNA and forensic genetics. iScience 2023; 26:108066. [PMID: 37927550 PMCID: PMC10622734 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Degraded DNA is used to answer questions in the fields of ancient DNA (aDNA) and forensic genetics. While aDNA studies typically center around human evolution and past history, and forensic genetics is often more concerned with identifying a specific individual, scientists in both fields face similar challenges. The overlap in source material has prompted periodic discussions and studies on the advantages of collaboration between fields toward mutually beneficial methodological advancements. However, most have been centered around wet laboratory methods (sampling, DNA extraction, library preparation, etc.). In this review, we focus on the computational side of the analytical workflow. We discuss limitations and considerations to consider when working with degraded DNA. We hope this review provides a framework to researchers new to computational workflows for how to think about analyzing highly degraded DNA and prompts an increase of collaboration between the forensic genetics and aDNA fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainash Childebayeva
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Anthropology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Elena I. Zavala
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
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Nair P. QnAs with Helen H. Hobbs and Jonathan C. Cohen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2316245120. [PMID: 37910553 PMCID: PMC10636294 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316245120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
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Harney É, Sirak K, Sedig J, Micheletti S, Curry R, Ancona Esselmann S, Reich D. Ethical considerations when co-analyzing ancient DNA and data from private genetic databases. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:1447-1453. [PMID: 37541241 PMCID: PMC10502734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ancient DNA studies have begun to explore the possibility of identifying identical DNA segments shared between historical and living people. This research requires access to large genetic datasets to maximize the likelihood of identifying previously unknown, close genetic connections. Direct-to-consumer genetic testing companies, such as 23andMe, Inc., manage by far the largest and most diverse genetic databases that can be used for this purpose. It is therefore important to think carefully about guidelines for carrying out collaborations between researchers and such companies. Such collaborations require consideration of ethical issues, including policies for sharing ancient DNA datasets, and ensuring reproducibility of research findings when access to privately controlled genetic datasets is limited. At the same time, they introduce unique possibilities for returning results to the research participants whose data are analyzed, including those who are identified as close genetic relatives of historical individuals, thereby enabling ancient DNA research to contribute to the restoration of information about ancestral connections that were lost over time, which can be particularly meaningful for families and groups where such history has not been well documented. We explore these issues by describing our experience designing and carrying out a study searching for genetic connections between 18th- and 19th-century enslaved and free African Americans who labored at Catoctin Furnace, Maryland, and 23andMe research participants. We share our experience in the hope of helping future researchers navigate similar ethical considerations, recognizing that our perspective is part of a larger conversation about best ethical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éadaoin Harney
- 23andMe, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA 94043, USA; Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Kendra Sirak
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jakob Sedig
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Roslyn Curry
- 23andMe, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA 94043, USA; Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - David Reich
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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11
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Lewis D. Beethoven's cause of death revealed from locks of hair. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-00846-z. [PMID: 36949134 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-00846-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
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