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Manafi-Farid R, Mahini M, Mirshahvalad SA, Fallahi B, Fard-Esfahani A, Emami-Ardekani A, Eftekhari M, Mousavi SA, Beiki D. Diagnostic value of [ 68 Ga]Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT in malignant melanoma: a pilot study. Nucl Med Commun 2024; 45:221-228. [PMID: 38214076 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the diagnostic value of [ 68 Ga] Ga-Pentixafor in malignant melanoma patients. METHODS In this prospective study, patients with histology-proven melanoma were included and underwent [ 18 F]fluoro-D-glucose ([ 18 F]FDG) and [ 68 Ga] Ga-Pentixafor PET/computed tomography (CT) within a week. Suspicious lesions were interpreted as benign vs. malignant, and the corresponding semi-quantitative PET/CT parameters were recorded and compared. RESULTS Twelve consecutive melanoma patients (mean age: 60 ± 6) were included. Two patients were referred for initial staging, two for detecting recurrence and eight for evaluating the extent of metastases. Overall, [ 18 F]FDG PET/CT showed 236 tumoral lesions, including two primary tumors, two recurrent lesions, 29 locoregional metastases and 203 distant metastases. In [ 68 Ga]Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT, 101 tumoral lesions were detected, including two primary tumors, one recurrence, 16 locoregional metastases and 82 distant metastases. Notably, a documented brain metastasis was only visualized on [ 68 Ga]Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT images. Compared with [ 18 F]FDG, [ 68 Ga]Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT provided a 42% detection rate. Regarding semi-quantitative measures, the intensity of uptake and tumor-to-background ratios were significantly lower on [ 68 Ga]Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT [average maximum standard uptake value (SUV max ) of 2.72 ± 1.33 vs. 11.41 ± 14.79; P value <0.001 and 1.17 ± 0.53 vs. 5.32 ± 7.34; P value <0.001, respectively]. CONCLUSION When comparing [ 68 Ga]Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT with [ 18 F]FDG PET/CT, not only did [ 68 Ga]Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT detect fewer lesions, but the intensity of uptake and the TBRs were also lower on [ 68 Ga]Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT. Thus, our results may indicate a limited potential of this novel tracer in cutaneous melanoma patients compared to [ 18 F]FDG PET/CT. Given the lower TBRs, applying this radiotracer in radioligand therapies is also questionable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marjan Mahini
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Shariati Hospital
| | | | - Babak Fallahi
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Shariati Hospital
| | | | | | | | - Seied Asadollah Mousavi
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Beiki
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Shariati Hospital
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Ju W, Cai HH, Zheng W, Li DM, Zhang W, Yang XH, Yan ZX. Cross‑talk between lymphangiogenesis and malignant melanoma cells: New opinions on tumour drainage and immunization (Review). Oncol Lett 2024; 27:81. [PMID: 38249813 PMCID: PMC10797314 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma (MM) is a highly aggressive tumour that can easily metastasize through the lymphatic system at the early stages. Lymph node (LN) involvement and lymphatic vessel (LV) density (LVD) represent a harbinger of an adverse prognosis, indicating a strong link between the state of the lymphatic system and the advancement of MM. Permeable capillary lymphatic vessels are the optimal conduits for melanoma cell (MMC) invasion, and lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) can also release a variety of chemokines that actively attract MMCs expressing chemokine ligands through a gradient orientation. Moreover, due to the lower oxidative stress environment in the lymph compared with the blood circulation, MMCs are more likely to survive and colonize. The number of LVs surrounding MM is associated with tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), which is crucial for the effectiveness of immunotherapy. On the other hand, MMCs can release various endothelial growth factors such as VEGF-C/D-VEGFR3 to mediate LN education and promote lymphangiogenesis. Tumour-derived extracellular vesicles are also used to promote lymphangiogenesis and create a microenvironment that is more conducive to tumour progression. MM is surrounded by a large number of lymphocytes. However, both LECs and MMCs are highly plastic, playing multiple roles in evading immune surveillance. They achieve this by expressing inhibitory ligands or reducing antigen recognition. In recent years, tertiary lymphoid structures have been shown to be associated with response to anti-immune checkpoint therapy, which is often a positive prognostic feature in MM. The present review discusses the interaction between lymphangiogenesis and MM metastasis, and it was concluded that the relationship between LVD and TILs and patient prognosis is analogous to a dynamically tilted scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ju
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth People's Hospital of Taizhou, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, P.R. China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Hua Cai
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, P.R. China
| | - De-Ming Li
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth People's Hospital of Taizhou, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth People's Hospital of Taizhou, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Hu Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Xin Yan
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, P.R. China
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Ansari S, Mudassir M, Vijayalekshmi B, Chattopadhyay P. Targeting CXCR4-expressing Cancer Cells with Avidin-poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) Nanoparticle Surface Modified with Biotinylated DV1 Peptide. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2023; 13:106-112. [PMID: 37614837 PMCID: PMC10443452 DOI: 10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_58_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chemokine receptor CXCR4 is frequently present in cells of various cancers. Hence, targeted therapy using CXCR4 ligands, such as DV1 peptide, on drug-loaded nanoparticles, has the potential to enhance the efficiency of cancer treatment. Aim The present study created a CXCR4-targeting drug delivery system using avidin-poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticle surface tagged with biotinylated DV1 peptide ligand. Materials and Methods A double-emulsion solvent evaporation technique was employed to prepare avidin-PLGA nanoparticles and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering. Uptake was studied by confocal microscopy after incorporating fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled albumin inside the nanoparticles during their synthesis. Peptide-biotin-avidin-PLGA nanoparticles were tested in vitro on CXCR4-expressing U87MG cells. Photomicroscopy was done by a Nikon A1 Confocal Microscope, and pictures were analyzed by Nikon NIS-Elements BR software. Results Experimental results confirmed the specificity of DV1 peptide-tagged avidin-PLGA nanoparticles for cells expressing CXCR4 receptors. The avidin-PLGA nanoparticles were successfully synthesized and the same was confirmed by tagging them with FITC-labeled biotin. Conclusion Avidin-PLGA nanoparticle surface tagged with biotinylated DV1 peptide ligand has potential clinical application in the treatment of various cancers as targeted therapy for CXCR4-expressing cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiba Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Madeeha Mudassir
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Tegh Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - B. Vijayalekshmi
- Division of GI Sciences, Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Zhao Z, Huang Y, Wang J, Lin H, Cao F, Li S, Li Y, Li Z, Liu X. A self-assembling CXCR4-targeted pyroptosis nanotoxin for melanoma therapy. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:2200-2210. [PMID: 36745434 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm02026b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
While immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy to treat melanoma, the limited availability of immunotherapeutic agents in tumors due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment dampens its efficacy. Pyroptosis is a gasdermin-mediated programmed necrosis that triggers the inflammatory tumor microenvironment and enhances the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy. Here, we prove that the CXCR4 antagonist T22 peptide specially targeted and became internalized into CXCR4+ melanoma cells. Then we report a self-assembling nanotoxin that can be used to spatiotemporally target CXCR4-expression melanoma cells and enable tunable cellular pyroptosis. Specific activation of caspase 3 signal transduction triggers gasdermin-E-mediated pyroptosis. This nanotoxin induces pyroptotic cell death resulting in enhanced antitumor efficacy and minimized systemic side effects toward melanoma in vivo. This study offers new insights into how to engineer nanotoxins with tunable pyroptosis activity through specifically targeting CXCR4 for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China.
| | - Yingbin Huang
- Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China.
| | - Hongsheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China.
| | - Fei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China.
| | - Shuxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China.
| | - Yin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China.
| | - Ziqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China.
| | - Xuekui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China.
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Li T, Wang L, Yu N, Zeng A, Huang J, Long X. CDCA3 is a prognostic biomarker for cutaneous melanoma and is connected with immune infiltration. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1055308. [PMID: 36713580 PMCID: PMC9876620 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1055308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dysregulation of cell cycle progression (CCP) is a trait that distinguishes cancer from other diseases. In several cancer types, CCP-related genes serve as the primary risk factor for prognosis, but their role in cutaneous melanoma remains unclear. Methods Data from cutaneous melanoma patients were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Using a Wilcoxon test, the level of CCP-related gene expression in cutaneous melanoma patient tissues was compared to that in normal skin tissues. Logistic analysis was then utilized to calculate the connection between the CCP-related genes and clinicopathological variables. The important functions of the CCP-related genes were further investigated using Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, and single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA). Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to estimate the association between CCP-related genes and prognosis. In addition, using Cox multivariate analysis, a nomogram was constructed to forecast the influence of CCP-related genes on survival rates. Results High expression of CCP-related genes was associated with TNM stage, age, pathological grade, and Breslow depth (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that CCP-related genes were an independent factor in overall survival and disease-specific survival. High levels of gene expression originating from CCP were shown by GSEA to trigger DNA replication, the G1-S specific transcription factor, the mitotic spindle checkpoint, and the cell cycle. There was a negative association between CCP-related genes and the abundance of innate immune cells. Finally, we revealed that knockdown of cell division cycle-associated gene 3 (CDCA3) significantly suppressed the proliferation and migration ability of cutaneous melanoma cells. Conclusion According to this study, CCP-related genes could serve as potential biomarkers to assess the prognosis of cutaneous melanoma patients and are crucial immune response regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiao Long
- *Correspondence: Jiuzuo Huang, ; Xiao Long,
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Hadebe B, Sathekge MM, Aldous C, Vorster M. Current Status of 68Ga-Pentixafor in Solid Tumours. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:2135. [PMID: 36140541 PMCID: PMC9497673 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12092135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptor CXCR4 is overexpressed in neoplasms and its expression is related to tumour invasion, metastasis and aggressiveness. 68Ga-Pentixafor is used to non-invasively image the expression of CXCR4 in tumours and has been widely used in haematological malignancies. Recent evidence shows that therapies targeting CXCR4 can increase the chemosensitivity of the tumour as well as inhibit tumour metastasis and aggressiveness. 68Ga-Pentixafor has shown promise as an elegant radiotracer to aid in the selection of patients whose tumours demonstrate CXCR4 overexpression and who therefore may benefit from novel therapies targeting CXCR4. In addition, its therapeutic partners 177Lu- and 90Y-Pentixather have been investigated in the treatment of patients with advanced haematological malignancies, and initial studies have shown a good treatment response in metabolically active lesions. 68Ga-Pentixafor in solid tumours complements 18F-FDG by providing prognostic information and selecting patients who may benefit from therapies targeting CXCR4. This review summarises the available literature on the potential applications of 68Ga-Pentixafor in solid tumours.
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Sanchez Gil J, Dubois M, Neirinckx V, Lombard A, Coppieters N, D’Arrigo P, Isci D, Aldenhoff T, Brouwers B, Lassence C, Rogister B, Lebrun M, Sadzot-Delvaux C. Nanobody-based retargeting of an oncolytic herpesvirus for eliminating CXCR4+ GBM cells: A proof of principle. Molecular Therapy - Oncolytics 2022; 26:35-48. [PMID: 35784400 PMCID: PMC9217993 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, which remains difficult to cure. The very high recurrence rate has been partly attributed to the presence of GBM stem-like cells (GSCs) within the tumors, which have been associated with elevated chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) expression. CXCR4 is frequently overexpressed in cancer tissues, including GBM, and usually correlates with a poor prognosis. We have created a CXCR4-retargeted oncolytic herpesvirus (oHSV) by insertion of an anti-human CXCR4 nanobody in glycoprotein D of an attenuated HSV-1 (ΔICP34.5, ΔICP6, and ΔICP47), thereby describing a proof of principle for the use of nanobodies to target oHSVs toward specific cellular entities. Moreover, this virus has been armed with a transgene expressing a soluble form of TRAIL to trigger apoptosis. In vitro, this oHSV infects U87MG CXCR4+ and patient-derived GSCs in a CXCR4-dependent manner and, when armed, triggers apoptosis. In a U87MG CXCR4+ orthotopic xenograft mouse model, this oHSV slows down tumor growth and significantly improves mice survival. Customizing oHSVs with diverse nanobodies for targeting multiple proteins appears as an interesting approach for tackling the heterogeneity of GBM, especially GSCs. Altogether, our study must be considered as a proof of principle and a first step toward personalized GBM virotherapies to complement current treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Sanchez Gil
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, GIGA Infection, Inflammation and Immunity (GIGA I3), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Maxime Dubois
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, GIGA Infection, Inflammation and Immunity (GIGA I3), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Virginie Neirinckx
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Lombard
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHU of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Natacha Coppieters
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Paolo D’Arrigo
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, GIGA Infection, Inflammation and Immunity (GIGA I3), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Damla Isci
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Therese Aldenhoff
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Benoit Brouwers
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Cédric Lassence
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, GIGA Infection, Inflammation and Immunity (GIGA I3), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Rogister
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, CHU of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Marielle Lebrun
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, GIGA Infection, Inflammation and Immunity (GIGA I3), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Catherine Sadzot-Delvaux
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, GIGA Infection, Inflammation and Immunity (GIGA I3), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Corresponding author Catherine Sadzot-Delvaux, Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, GIGA Infection, Inflammation and Immunity (GIGA I3), University of Liège, 11 Avenue de l’Hôpital, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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Alimohammadi M, Makaremi S, Rahimi A, Asghariazar V, Taghadosi M, Safarzadeh E. DNA methylation changes and inflammaging in aging-associated diseases. Epigenomics 2022; 14:965-986. [PMID: 36043685 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2022-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging as an inevitable phenomenon is associated with pervasive changes in physiological functions. There is a relationship between aging and the increase of several chronic diseases. Most age-related disorders are accompanied by an underlying chronic inflammatory state, as demonstrated by local infiltration of inflammatory cells and greater levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the bloodstream. Within inflammaging, many epigenetic events, especially DNA methylation, change. During the aging process, due to aberrations of DNA methylation, biological processes are disrupted, leading to the emergence or progression of a variety of human diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The focus of this review is on DNA methylation, which is involved in inflammaging-related activities, and how its dysregulation leads to human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Alimohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Shima Makaremi
- School of Medicine & Allied Medical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, 5618985991, Iran
| | - Ali Rahimi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 5618985991, Iran
| | - Vahid Asghariazar
- Deputy of Research & Technology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, 5618985991, Iran
| | - Mahdi Taghadosi
- Department of Immunology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6714869914, Iran
| | - Elham Safarzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology, & Immunology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, 5618985991, Iran
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Ghasemi K, Ghasemi K. MSX-122: Is an effective small molecule CXCR4 antagonist in cancer therapy? Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108863. [PMID: 35623288 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines, a subgroup of cytokines along with their receptors, are involved in various biologic processes and regulation of a wide range of immune responses in different physiologic and pathologic states such as tissue repair, infection, and inflammation. C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), has one identified natural ligand termed stromal-derived factor-1(SDF-1 or CXCL12). Evidence demonstrated that the ligation of SDF-1 to CXCR4 initiates several intracellular signaling pathways, regulating cell proliferation, survival, chemotaxis, migration, angiogenesis, adhesion, as well as bone marrow (BM)-resident cells homing and mobilization. Additionally, CXCR4 is expressed by tumor cells in blood malignancies and solid tumors. Therefore, CXCR4 is considered a potential therapeutic target in cancer therapy, and CXCR4 antagonists, including AMD3100, MSX-122, BPRCX807, WZ811, Motixafortide, TN14003, AMD3465, and AMD1170, have been employed in experimental and clinical studies to enhance cancer therapy. MSX-122 is a specific small-molecule antagonist of CXCR4/CXCL12 and the only orally available non-peptide CXCR4 antagonist with promising anti-cancer properties. Studies have shown that MSX-122 is particularly important in treating metastatic cancers and has great therapeutic potential. Accordingly, this review summarized the characteristics of MSX-122 and its effects on the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis as well as cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Ghasemi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Kosar Ghasemi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Faramarzi F, Alimohammadi M, Rahimi A, Alizadeh-navaei R, Shakib RJ, Rafiei A. Naringenin induces intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathways in cancer cells: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro and in vivo data. Nutr Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Alsayed RKME, Khan AQ, Ahmad F, Ansari AW, Alam MA, Buddenkotte J, Steinhoff M, Uddin S, Ahmad A. Epigenetic Regulation of CXCR4 Signaling in Cancer Pathogenesis and Progression. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:697-708. [PMID: 35346802 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Signaling involving chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand SDF-1/CXL12 has been investigated for many years for its possible role in cancer progression and pathogenesis. Evidence emerging from clinical studies in recent years has further established diagnostic as well as prognostic importance of CXCR4 signaling. CXCR4 and SDF-1 are routinely reported to be elevated in tumors, distant metastases, which correlates with poor survival of patients. These findings have kindled interest in the mechanisms that regulate CXCR4/SDF-1 expression. Of note, there is a particular interest in the epigenetic regulation of CXCR4 signaling that may be responsible for upregulated CXCR4 in primary as well as metastatic cancers. This review first lists the clinical evidence supporting CXCR4 signaling as putative cancer diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarker, followed by a discussion on reported epigenetic mechanisms that affect CXCR4 expression. These mechanisms include regulation by non-coding RNAs, such as, microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs. Additionally, we also discuss the regulation of CXCR4 expression through methylation and acetylation. Better understanding and appreciation of epigenetic regulation of CXCR4 signaling can invariably lead to identification of novel therapeutic targets as well as therapies to regulate this oncogenic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Khaled M E Alsayed
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar
| | - Abdul Q Khan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar
| | - Fareed Ahmad
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar
| | - Abdul Wahid Ansari
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar
| | - Majid Ali Alam
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar
| | - Jorg Buddenkotte
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Medical School, Doha, 24144, Qatar; Dept. of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar.
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Adams R, Moser B, Karagiannis SN, Lacy KE. Chemokine Pathways in Cutaneous Melanoma: Their Modulation by Cancer and Exploitation by the Clinician. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225625. [PMID: 34830780 PMCID: PMC8615762 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma is rising globally and is projected to continue to rise. Advances in immunotherapy over the last decade have demonstrated that manipulation of the immune cell compartment of tumours is a valuable weapon in the arsenal against cancer; however, limitations to treatment still exist. Cutaneous melanoma lesions feature a dense cell infiltrate, coordinated by chemokines, which control the positioning of all immune cells. Melanomas are able to use chemokine pathways to preferentially recruit cells, which aid their growth, survival, invasion and metastasis, and which enhance their ability to evade anticancer immune responses. Aside from this, chemokine signalling can directly influence angiogenesis, invasion, lymph node, and distal metastases, including epithelial to mesenchymal transition-like processes and transendothelial migration. Understanding the interplay of chemokines, cancer cells, and immune cells may uncover future avenues for melanoma therapy, namely: identifying biomarkers for patient stratification, augmenting the effect of current and emerging therapies, and designing specific treatments to target chemokine pathways, with the aim to reduce melanoma pathogenicity, metastatic potential, and enhance immune cell-mediated cancer killing. The chemokine network may provide selective and specific targets that, if included in current therapeutic regimens, harbour potential to improve outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Adams
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK;
| | - Bernhard Moser
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Henry Wellcome Building, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4YS, UK;
| | - Sophia N. Karagiannis
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK;
- Guy’s Cancer Centre, Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Correspondence: (S.N.K.); (K.E.L.); Tel.: +44-0-20-7188-6355 (K.E.L.)
| | - Katie E. Lacy
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK;
- Correspondence: (S.N.K.); (K.E.L.); Tel.: +44-0-20-7188-6355 (K.E.L.)
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