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Kimura M, Kothari S, Gohir W, Camargo JF, Husain S. MicroRNAs in infectious diseases: potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Clin Microbiol Rev 2023; 36:e0001523. [PMID: 37909789 PMCID: PMC10732047 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00015-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are conserved, short, non-coding RNAs that play a crucial role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. They have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer and neurological, cardiovascular, and autoimmune diseases. Several recent studies have suggested that miRNAs are key players in regulating the differentiation, maturation, and activation of immune cells, thereby influencing the host immune response to infection. The resultant upregulation or downregulation of miRNAs from infection influences the protein expression of genes responsible for the immune response and can determine the risk of disease progression. Recently, miRNAs have been explored as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in various infectious diseases. This review summarizes our current understanding of the role of miRNAs during viral, fungal, bacterial, and parasitic infections from a clinical perspective, including critical functional mechanisms and implications for their potential use as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneyoshi Kimura
- Transplant Infectious Diseases, Ajmera Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sagar Kothari
- Transplant Infectious Diseases, Ajmera Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wajiha Gohir
- Transplant Infectious Diseases, Ajmera Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jose F. Camargo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Shahid Husain
- Transplant Infectious Diseases, Ajmera Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Liu M, Cho WC, Flynn RJ, Jin X, Song H, Zheng Y. microRNAs in parasite-induced liver fibrosis: from mechanisms to diagnostics and therapeutics. Trends Parasitol 2023; 39:859-872. [PMID: 37516634 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Chronic parasite infections in the liver pose a global threat to human and animal health, often occurring with liver fibrosis that leads to cirrhosis, liver failure, and even cancer. Hepatic fibrogenesis is a complex yet reversible process of tissue repair and is associated with various factors, including immune cells, microenvironment, gut microbiome, and interactions of the different liver cells. As a profibrogenic or antifibrogenic driver, microRNAs (miRNAs) are closely involved in parasite-induced hepatic fibrosis. This article updates the current understanding of the roles of miRNAs in hepatic fibrogenesis by parasite infections and discusses the strategies using miRNAs as candidates for diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Robin J Flynn
- Dept. Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK; Graduate Studies Office, Department of Research, Innovation and Graduate Studies, Waterford Institute of Technology, X91 K0EK, Ireland
| | - Xiaoliang Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Houhui Song
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Yadong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
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3
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Chen G, Pu G, Wang L, Li Y, Liu T, Li H, Zhang S, Wang X, Liu X, Luo X. Cysticercus pisiformis-derived novel-miR1 targets TLR2 to inhibit the immune response in rabbits. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1201455. [PMID: 37559722 PMCID: PMC10408446 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1201455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cysticercosis pisiformis, a highly prevalent parasitic disease worldwide, causes significant economic losses in the rabbit breeding industry. Previous investigations have identified a novel microRNA, designated as novel-miR1, within the serum of rabbit infected with Cysticercus pisiformis. In the present study, we found that C. pisiformis-derived novel-miR1 was released into the rabbit serum via exosomes. Through computational analysis using TargetScan, miRanda, and PITA, a total of 634 target genes of novel-miR1 were predicted. To elucidate the functional role of novel-miR1, a dual-luciferase reporter assay was utilized and demonstrated that novel-miR1 targets rabbit Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). Rabbit peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLCs) were transfected with novel-miR1 mimic and mimic NC, and the in vitro experiments confirmed that novel-miR1 suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 through the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. In vivo experiments demonstrated that novel-miR1 was significantly upregulated during the 1-3 months following infection with C. pisiformis in rabbits. Notably, this upregulation coincided with a downregulation of TLR2, P65, pP65, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in PBLCs. Collectively, these results indicate that the novel-miR1 derived from C. pisiformis inhibited the rabbits' immune response by suppressing the NF-κB-mediated immune response. This immune modulation facilitates parasite invasion, survival, and establishment of a persistent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Guiting Pu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yanping Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Tingli Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xuelin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuenong Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Rojas-Pirela M, Andrade-Alviárez D, Quiñones W, Rojas MV, Castillo C, Liempi A, Medina L, Guerrero-Muñoz J, Fernández-Moya A, Ortega YA, Araneda S, Maya JD, Kemmerling U. microRNAs: Critical Players during Helminth Infections. Microorganisms 2022; 11. [PMID: 36677353 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally through their interaction with the 3' untranslated regions (3' UTR) of target mRNAs, affecting their stability and/or translation. Therefore, miRNAs regulate biological processes such as signal transduction, cell death, autophagy, metabolism, development, cellular proliferation, and differentiation. Dysregulated expression of microRNAs is associated with infectious diseases, where miRNAs modulate important aspects of the parasite-host interaction. Helminths are parasitic worms that cause various neglected tropical diseases affecting millions worldwide. These parasites have sophisticated mechanisms that give them a surprising immunomodulatory capacity favoring parasite persistence and establishment of infection. In this review, we analyze miRNAs in infections caused by helminths, emphasizing their role in immune regulation and its implication in diagnosis, prognosis, and the development of therapeutic strategies.
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Liu Z, Zhang L, Liang Y, Lu L. Pathology and molecular mechanisms of Schistosoma japonicum-associated liver fibrosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1035765. [PMID: 36389166 PMCID: PMC9650140 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1035765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis has been widely disseminated around the world, and poses a significant threat to human health. Schistosoma eggs and soluble egg antigen (SEA) mediated inflammatory responses promote the formation of egg granulomas and liver fibrosis. With continuous liver injuries and inflammatory stimulation, liver fibrosis can develop into liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Therefore, anti-fibrotic therapy is crucial to increase the survival rate of patients. However, current research on antifibrotic treatments for schistosomiasis requires further exploration. In the complicated microenvironment of schistosome infections, it is important to understand the mechanism and pathology of schistosomiasis-associated liver fibrosis(SSLF). In this review, we discuss the role of SEA in inhibiting liver fibrosis, describe its mechanism, and comprehensively explore the role of host-derived and schistosome-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) in SSLF. Inflammasomes and cytokines are significant factors in promoting SSLF, and we discuss the mechanisms of some critical inflammatory signals and pro-fibrotic cytokines. Natural killer(NK) cells and Natural killer T(NKT) cells can inhibit SSLF but are rarely described, therefore, we highlight their significance. This summarizes and provides insights into the mechanisms of key molecules involved in SSLF development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Liu
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lichen Zhang
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yinming Liang
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Yinming Liang, ; Liaoxun Lu,
| | - Liaoxun Lu
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Yinming Liang, ; Liaoxun Lu,
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Dibo N, Liu X, Chang Y, Huang S, Wu X. Pattern recognition receptor signaling and innate immune responses to schistosome infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1040270. [PMID: 36339337 PMCID: PMC9633954 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1040270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis remains to be a significant public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions. Despite remarkable progress that has been made in the control of the disease over the past decades, its elimination remains a daunting challenge in many countries. This disease is an inflammatory response-driven, and the positive outcome after infection depends on the regulation of immune responses that efficiently clear worms and allow protective immunity to develop. The innate immune responses play a critical role in host defense against schistosome infection and pathogenesis. Initial pro-inflammatory responses are essential for clearing invading parasites by promoting appropriate cell-mediated and humoral immunity. However, elevated and prolonged inflammatory responses against the eggs trapped in the host tissues contribute to disease progression. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of innate immune responses is important for developing effective therapies and vaccines. Here, we update the recent advances in the definitive host innate immune response to schistosome infection, especially highlighting the critical roles of pattern recognition receptors and cytokines. The considerations for further research are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouhoum Dibo
- Department of medical parasitology, Xiangya School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xianshu Liu
- Department of medical parasitology, Xiangya School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunfeng Chang
- Department of Forensic Medicine Science, Xiangya School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Yueyang, China
| | - Shuaiqin Huang
- Department of medical parasitology, Xiangya School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Immunology and Transmission Control on Schistosomiasis, Hunan Provincial Institute of Schistosomiasis Control, Yueyang, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- Department of medical parasitology, Xiangya School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Immunology and Transmission Control on Schistosomiasis, Hunan Provincial Institute of Schistosomiasis Control, Yueyang, China
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Shi M, Cui H, Shi J, Mei Y. mmu-microRNA-92a-3p attenuates pulmonary fibrosis by modulating Cpeb4-mediated Smad2/3 signaling pathway. Funct Integr Genomics 2022; 22:1297-1306. [PMID: 35909199 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00879-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic lung disorder, in which the mechanism of mmu-microRNA (miR)-92a-3p is not elucidated clearly. The present work was proposed to disclose mmu-miR-92a-3p-focused mechanism in PF with cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 4 (Cpeb4)/Smad2/3 axis. PF was induced in mice by the intratracheal injection of bleomycin (BLM). Then, the BLM-treated mice were injected with mmu-miR-92a-3p- and/or Cpeb4-related adenovirus vectors. mmu-miR-92a-3p, Cpeb4, and Smad2/3 expression in lung tissues were examined. Alveolar cell apoptosis and collagen deposition in lung tissues and inflammatory factors in serum were observed. The interaction between mmu-miR-92a-3p and Cpeb4 was explored. Lowly expressed mmu-miR-92a-3p and highly expressed Cpeb4 and Smad2/3 were manifested in BLM-induced PF mice. BLM-induced PF mice exhibited enhanced inflammation, alveolar cell apoptosis, and collagen deposition, which would be attenuated by upregulating mmu-miR-92a-3p or downregulating Cpeb4. mmu-miR-92a-3p targeted Cpeb4. Upregulating mmu-miR-92a-3p or downregulating Cpeb4 inactivated the Smad2/3 signaling pathway in BLM-induced PF mice. It is elaborated that mmu-miR-92a-3p attenuates the process of PF by modulating Cpeb4-mediated Smad2/3 signaling pathway, renewing the molecular mechanism of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengkun Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 389 Xincun Road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Huixia Cui
- Department of Medical Institution Conducting Clinical Trials for Human Used Drug, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046099, Shanxi, China
| | - Jialun Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046099, Shanxi, China
| | - Yunqing Mei
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 389 Xincun Road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Zhong H, Jin Y. Multifunctional Roles of MicroRNAs in Schistosomiasis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:925386. [PMID: 35756064 PMCID: PMC9218868 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.925386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that is caused by helminths of the genus Schistosoma. The dioecious schistosomes mate and lay eggs after undergoing a complex life cycle. Schistosome eggs are mostly responsible for the transmission of schistosomiasis and chronic fibrotic disease induced by egg antigens is the main cause of the high mortality rate. Currently, chemotherapy with praziquantel (PZQ) is the only effective treatment against schistosomiasis, although the potential of drug resistance remains a concern. Hence, there is an urgent demand for new and effective strategies to combat schistosomiasis, which is the second most prevalent parasitic disease after malaria. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play pivotal regulatory roles in many organisms, including the development and sexual maturation of schistosomes. Thus, miRNAs are potential targets for treatment of schistosomiasis. Moreover, miRNAs can serve as multifunctional “nano-tools” for cross-species delivery in order to regulate host-parasite interactions. In this review, the multifunctional roles of miRNAs in the growth and development of schistosomes are discussed. The various regulatory functions of host-derived and worm-derived miRNAs on the progression of schistosomiasis are also thoroughly addressed, especially the promotional and inhibitory effects on schistosome-induced liver fibrosis. Additionally, the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of schistosomiasis is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhong
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Schistosomiasis, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yamei Jin
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Schistosomiasis, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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El-taweel HA, Issa YA, Mady RF, Shehata GA, Youssef EA, Tolba MM. Expression of microRNA-223 and microRNA-146b in serum and liver tissue of mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni. Parasitol Res. [PMID: 35576078 PMCID: PMC9192441 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07542-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play regulatory roles in several diseases. In schistosomiasis, the main pathological changes are caused by the granulomatous reaction induced by egg deposition. We aimed to study the changes in host miRNA-223 and miRNA-146b expression in relation to egg deposition and development of hepatic pathology in murine schistosomiasis mansoni. Blood and liver tissue samples were collected from non-infected mice (group I), S. mansoni–infected mice at the 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks post-infection (p.i.) (groups II–IV), and 4 weeks after praziquantel treatment (group V). The collected samples were processed for RNA extraction, reverse transcription, and real-time PCR analysis of miRNA-223 and miRNA-146b. miRNAs’ relative expression was estimated by the ΔΔCt method. Liver tissue samples were examined for egg count estimation and histopathological evaluation. Results revealed that miRNA-223 was significantly downregulated in liver tissues 8 and 12 weeks p.i., whereas miRNA-146b expression increased gradually with the progression of infection with a significantly higher level at week 12 p.i. compared to week 4 p.i. Serum expression levels nearly followed the same pattern as the tissue levels. The dysregulated expression of miRNAs correlated with liver egg counts and was more obvious with the demonstration of chronic granulomas, fibrous transformation, and distorted hepatic architecture 12 weeks p.i. Restoration of normal expression levels was observed 4 weeks after treatment. Collectively, these findings provide new insights for in-depth understanding of host-parasite interaction in schistosomiasis and pave a new way for monitoring the progress of hepatic pathology before and after treatment.
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Miyashita Y, Yoshida T, Takagi Y, Tsukamoto H, Takashima K, Kouwaki T, Makino K, Fukushima S, Nakamura K, Oshiumi H. Circulating extracellular vesicle microRNAs associated with adverse reactions, proinflammatory cytokine, and antibody production after COVID-19 vaccination. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:16. [PMID: 35136071 PMCID: PMC8826357 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00439-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
mRNA-based vaccines have been used globally to eradicate the coronavirus-disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Vaccine efficacy and adverse reactions depend on immune responses, such as proinflammatory cytokine production and lymphocyte activation. We conducted a prospective cohort study to investigate relationships among specific antibody titers, adverse reactions, proinflammatory cytokine production, and immune-regulatory microRNA (miRNA) levels in serum extracellular vesicles (EVs) after COVID-19 vaccination (BNT162b2). Local adverse reactions after the second dose, such as local pain and swelling, were less correlated with those of systemic symptoms, such as fever and muscle pain, whereas serum TNF-α levels were associated with systemic adverse reactions and with specific antibody titers. Interestingly, EV miR-92a-2-5p levels in sera were negatively correlated with degrees of adverse reactions, and EV miR-148a levels were associated with specific antibody titers. Our data suggest a potential of circulating EV miRNAs as biomarkers for vaccine efficacy and adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Miyashita
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takanobu Yoshida
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yuriko Takagi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hirotake Tsukamoto
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,Division of Clinical Immunology and Cancer Immunotherapy, Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken Takashima
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takahisa Kouwaki
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Katsunari Makino
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukushima
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kimitoshi Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Oshiumi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
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Zhou QY, Yang HM, Liu JX, Xu N, Li J, Shen LP, Zhang YZ, Koda S, Zhang BB, Yu Q, Chen JX, Zheng KY, Yan C. MicroRNA-497 induced by Clonorchis sinensis enhances the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway to promote hepatic fibrosis by targeting Smad7. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:472. [PMID: 34521449 PMCID: PMC8442346 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04972-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Various stimuli, including Clonorchis sinensis infection, can cause liver fibrosis. Liver fibrosis is characterized by the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) with massive production of extracellular matrix (ECM). Our previous study showed that the TGF-β1-induced Smad signaling pathway played a critical role in the activation of HSCs during liver fibrosis induced by worm infection; however, the mechanisms that modulate the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway are still poorly understood. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that miRNAs act as an important regulator of activation of HSCs during liver fibrosis. Methods The target of miR-497 was determined by bioinformatics analysis combined with a dual-luciferase activity assay. LX-2 cells were transfected with miR-497 inhibitor and then stimulated with TGF-β1 or excretory/secretory products of C. sinensis (CsESPs), and activation of LX-2 was assessed using qPCR or western blot. In vivo, the mice treated with CCl4 were intravenously injected with a single dose of adeno-associated virus serotype 8 (AAV8) that overexpressed anti-miR-497 sequences or their scramble control for 6 weeks. Liver fibrosis and damage were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, Masson staining, and qPCR; the activation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway was detected by qPCR or western blot. Results In the present study, the expression of miR-497 was increased in HSCs activated by TGF-β1 or ESPs of C. sinensis. We identified that Smad7 was the target of miR-497 using combined bioinformatics analysis with luciferase activity assays. Transfection of anti-miR-497 into HSCs upregulated the expression of Smad7, leading to a decrease in the level of p-Smad2/3 and subsequent suppression of the activation of HSCs induced by TGF-β1 or CsESPs. Furthermore, miR-497 inhibitor delivered by highly-hepatotropic (rAAV8) inhibited TGF-β/smads signaling pathway by targeting at Smad7 to ameliorate CCL4-induced liver fibrosis. Conclusions The present study demonstrates that miR-497 promotes liver fibrogenesis by targeting Smad7 to promote TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway transduction both in vivo and in vitro, which provides a promising therapeutic strategy using anti-miR-497 against liver fibrosis. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Yang Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, 221004, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui-Min Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, 221004, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Xin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, 221004, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, 221004, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, 221004, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ping Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, 221004, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Zhao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, 221004, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Stephane Koda
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, 221004, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei-Bei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, 221004, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China.,National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, 221004, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China.,National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xu Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Center of Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui-Yang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, 221004, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China. .,National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chao Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, 221004, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China. .,National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Tian X, Zhao H, Guo Z. Effects of Carvedilol on the Expression of TLR4 and its Downstream Signaling Pathway in the Liver Tissues of Rats with Cholestatic Liver Fibrosis. Curr Mol Med 2021; 20:708-716. [PMID: 32077825 DOI: 10.2174/1566524020666200220130705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objectives:
This study was designed to investigate the effects of carvedilol
on the expression of TLR4 and its downstream signaling pathway in the liver tissues of
rats with cholestatic liver fibrosis and provide experimental evidence for clinical
treatment of liver fibrosis with carvedilol.
Methods:
A total of fifty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five
groups (10 rats per group): sham operation (SHAM) control group, bile duct ligation
(BDL) model group, low-dose carvedilol treatment group (0.1mg·kg-1·d-1), medium-dose
carvedilol treatment group (1mg·kg-1·d-1), and high-dose carvedilol treatment group
(10mg·kg-1·d-1). Rat hepatic fibrosis model was established by applying BDL. Forty-eight
hours after the operation, carvedilol was administered twice a day. The blood and liver
were simultaneously collected under the aseptic condition for further detection in two
weeks after the operation. The alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate
aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBil) and albumin (Alb) in serum were measured.
HE and Masson staining were used to determine hepatic fibrosis degree. Hydroxyproline
assay was employed to detect liver collagen synthesis. Western Blot was used to
measure the expression of TLR4, NF-κB p65 and β-arrestin2 protein. Quantitative
analysis of TLR4, MyD88, TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA was performed by Realtime-PCR.
Results:
Compared with the SHAM group, the BDL group showed obvious liver injury,
increased levels of inflammatory factors, and continued progression of liver fibrosis. The
above changes in the BDL group were alleviated in the carvedilol treatment groups. The
improvement effects augmented as dosages increased. In addition, compared with the
BDL group, the reduction of the expressions of TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB p65 in liver
tissues and the increase of the expression of β -arrestin2 in the high-dose carvedilol
group were more significant.
Conclusions:
Carvedilol can reduce the release of inflammatory mediators by downregulating
TLR4 expression and inhibiting its downstream signaling pathway, thus
playing a potential therapeutic role in cholestatic liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xingtai People’s Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei 054000, China
| | - Huimin Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xingtai People’s Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei 054000, China
| | - Zengcai Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xingtai People’s Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei 054000, China
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Tian X, Zhao H, Guo Z. WITHDRAWN: Effects of carvedilol on expression of TLR4 and its downstream signaling pathway in liver tissue of rats with cholestatic liver fibrosisjaundice. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2020. [PMID: 33200614 DOI: 10.17235/reed.2020.6075/2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ahead of Print article withdrawn by publisher. OBJECTIVES This study was designed to investigate the effects of carvedilol on the expression of TLR4 and its downstream signaling pathway in liver tissue of rats with cholestatic liver fibrosis, and provided experimental evidence for clinical treatment of liver fibrosis with carvedilol.? METHODS A total of fifty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups (10 rats per group): sham surgery control group, bile duct ligation (BDL) model group, low-dose carvedilol treatment group (0.1mgkg-1d-1), medium-dose carvedilol treatment group (1mgkg-1d-1), high-dose carvedilol treatment group (10mgkg-1d-1). Rat hepatic fibrosis model was established by applying BDL. Forty-eight hours after the operation, carvedilol was administered twice a day. The blood and liver were simultaneously collected under the aseptic condition for further detection in two weeks after operation.? RESULTS Compared with the sham group, the BDL group showed obvious liver injury, increased levels of inflammatory factors, and continued progression of liver fibrosis. Carvedilol could alleviate the above changes. The improvement effects were augmenting as dosages increasing. In addition, compared with the BDL group, carvedilol can reduce the expressions of TLR4, MyD88 and NF-?B p65 in liver tissue and increase the expression of ?-arrestin2, and the effect in the high dose group was more obvious. CONCLUSIONS Carvedilol can reduce the release of inflammatory mediators by down-regulating TLR4 expression and inhibiting its downstream signaling pathway, thus playing a therapeutic role in cholestatic liver fibrosis.
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Cui J, Ding H, Yao Y, Liu W. Inhibition Mir-92a Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis of Alveolar Epithelial Cells Induced by Lipopolysaccharide Exposure through TLR2/AP-1 Pathway. Biomed Res Int 2020; 2020:9673284. [PMID: 33015189 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9673284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective To probe into the role of miR-92a in alleviating oxidative stress and apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure through the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/activator protein-1 (AP-1) pathway. Methods Acute lung injury (ALI) rat model and ALI alveolar epithelial cell model were constructed to inhibit the expression of miR-92a/TLR2/AP-1 in rat and alveolar epithelial cells (AECs), to detect the changes of oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and cell apoptosis in rat lung tissues and AECs, and to measure the changes of wet-dry weight (W/D) ratio in rat lung tissues. Results Both inhibition of miR-92a expression and knockout of TLR2 and AP-1 gene could reduce LPS-induced rat ALI, alleviate pulmonary edema, inhibit oxidative stress and inflammatory response, and reduce apoptosis of lung tissue cells. In addition, the TLR2 and AP-1 levels in the lung tissues of ALI rats were noticed to be suppressed when inhibiting the expression of miR-92a, and the AP-1 level was also decreased after the knockout of TLR2 gene. Further, we verified this relationship in AECs and found that inhibition of miR-92a/TLR2/AP-1 also alleviated LPS-induced AEC injury, reduced cell apoptosis, and inhibited oxidative stress and inflammatory response. What is more, like that in rat lung tissue, the phenomenon also existed in AECs, that is, when the expression of miR-92a was inhibited, the expression of TLR2 and AP-1 was inhibited, and silencing TLR2 can reduce the expression level of AP-1. Conclusion MiR-92a/TLR2/AP-1 is highly expressed in ALI, and its inhibition can improve oxidative stress and inflammatory response and reduce apoptosis of AECs.
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Zhang G, Zhang Y, Niu Z, Wang C, Xie F, Li J, Zhang S, Qi M, Jian F, Ning C, Zhang L, Wang R. Cryptosporidium parvum upregulates miR-942-5p expression in HCT-8 cells via TLR2/TLR4-NF-κB signaling. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:435. [PMID: 32867835 PMCID: PMC7461316 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04312-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Micro (mi)RNAs are small noncoding RNA molecules that function in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. This study investigated host miRNA activity in the innate immune response to Cryptosporidium parvum infection. Methods In vitro infection model adopts HCT-8 human ileocecal adenocarcinoma cells infected with C. parvum. The expression of miR-942-5p was estimated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The TLRs-NF-κB signaling was confirmed by qPCR, western blotting, TLR4- and TLR2-specific short-interfering (si)RNA, and NF-κB inhibition. Results HCT-8 cells express all known toll-like receptors (TLRs). Cryptosporidium parvum infection of cultured HCT-8 cells upregulated TLR2 and TLR4, and downstream TLR effectors, including NF-κB and suppressed IκBα (nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor, alpha). The expression of miR-942-5p was significantly upregulated at 4, 8, 12 and 24 h post-infection, and especially at 8 hpi. The results of TLR4- and TLR2-specific siRNA and NF-κB inhibition showed that upregulation of miR-942-5p was promoted by p65 subunit-dependent TLR2/TLR4-NF-κB pathway signaling. Conclusions miR-942-5p of HCT-8 cells was significantly upregulated after C. parvum infection, especially at 8 hpi, in response to a p65-dependent TLR2/TLR4-NF-κB signaling. TLR4 appeared to play a dominant role.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiling Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China
| | - Yajun Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China
| | - Ziwen Niu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China
| | - Chenrong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China
| | - Fujie Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China
| | - Juanfeng Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China
| | - Sumei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China
| | - Meng Qi
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, P. R. China
| | - Fuchun Jian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China
| | - Changshen Ning
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China
| | - Longxian Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China.
| | - Rongjun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China.
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Wang L, Liao Y, Yang R, Yu Z, Zhang L, Zhu Z, Wu X, Shen J, Liu J, Xu L, Wu Z, Sun X. Sja-miR-71a in Schistosome egg-derived extracellular vesicles suppresses liver fibrosis caused by schistosomiasis via targeting semaphorin 4D. J Extracell Vesicles 2020; 9:1785738. [PMID: 32944173 PMCID: PMC7480424 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2020.1785738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is characterized by liver fibrosis, and studies have indicated that Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) eggs can limit the progression of liver fibrosis. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms are yet unclear. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain a selection of miRNAs for long-distance exchange of information and act as an important pathway for host-parasite communication. This study aimed to explore the potential role of S. japonicum egg-derived EVs and its key miRNA in liver fibrosis. Herein, we found that S. japonicum egg-derived EVs can inhibit the activation of hepatic stellate cells, which is mediated via the high expression of Sja-miR-71a. Sja-miR-71a in EVs attenuates the pathological progression and liver fibrosis in S. japonicum infection. Sja-miR-71a inhibiting TGF-β1/SMAD and interleukin (IL)-13/STAT6 pathways via directly targeting semaphorin 4D (Sema4D). In addition, Sja-miR-71a can also suppress liver fibrosis by regulating Th1/Th2/Th17 and Treg balance. This study contributes to further understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying Schistosoma-host interactions, and Sema4D may be a potential target for schistosomiasis liver fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifu Wang
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Liao
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruibing Yang
- Medical Department of Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Zilong Yu
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lichao Zhang
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zifeng Zhu
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Shen
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahua Liu
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lian Xu
- Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhongdao Wu
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Sun
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China
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Chen Q, Zhang J, Zheng T, Chen H, Nie H, Zheng B, Gong Q. The role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis, grading and treatment of hepatic fibrosis in schistosomiasis. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:611. [PMID: 31888743 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3866-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a prevalent parasitic disease worldwide. The main pathological changes of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis are hepatic granuloma and fibrosis due to worm eggs. Portal hypertension and ascites induced by hepatic fibrosis are usually the main causes of death in patients with chronic hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. Currently, no effective vaccine exists for preventing schistosome infections. For quite a long time, praziquantel (PZQ) was widely used for the treatment of schistosomiasis and has shown benefit in treating liver fibrosis. However, drug resistance and chemical toxicity from PZQ are being increasingly reported in recent years; therefore, new and effective strategies for treating schistosomiasis-induced hepatic fibrosis are urgently needed. MicroRNA (miRNA), a non-coding RNA, has been proved to be associated with the development of many human diseases, including schistosomiasis. In this review, we present a balanced and comprehensive view of the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis, grading, and treatment of schistosomiasis-associated hepatic fibrosis. The multiple regulatory roles of miRNAs, such as promoting or inhibiting the development of liver pathology in murine schistosomiasis are also discussed in depth. Additionally, miRNAs may serve as candidate biomarkers for diagnosing liver pathology of schistosomiasis and as novel therapeutic targets for treating schistosomiasis-associated hepatic fibrosis.![]()
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