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Wang SQ, Xiang J, Zhang GQ, Fu LY, Xu YN, Chen Y, Tao L, Hu XX, Shen XC. Essential oil from Fructus Alpinia zerumbet ameliorates atherosclerosis by activating PPARγ-LXRα-ABCA1/G1 signaling pathway. Phytomedicine 2024; 123:155227. [PMID: 38128398 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis (AS) is a progressive chronic disease. Currently, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) caused by AS is responsible for the global increased mortality. Yanshanjiang as miao herb in Guizhou of China is the dried and ripe fruit of Fructus Alpinia zerumbet. Accumulated evidences have confirmed that Yanshanjiang could ameliorate CVDs, including AS. Nevertheless, its effect and mechanism on AS are still largely unknown. PURPOSE To investigate the role of essential oil from Fructus Alpinia zerumbet (EOFAZ) on AS, and the potential mechanism. METHODS A high-fat diet (HFD) ApoE-/- mice model of AS and a oxLDL-induced model of macrophage-derived foam cells (MFCs) were reproduced to investigate the pharmacological properties of EOFAZ on AS in vivo and foam cell formation in vitro, respectively. The underlying mechanisms of EOFAZ were investigated using Network pharmacology and molecular docking. EOFAZ effect on PPARγ protein stability was measured using a cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA). Pharmacological agonists and inhibitors and gene interventions were employed for clarifying EOFAZ's potential mechanism. RESULTS EOFAZ attenuated AS progression in HFD ApoE-/- mice. This attenuation was manifested by the reduced aortic intima plaque development, increased collagen content in aortic plaques, notable improvement in lipid profiles, and decreased levels of inflammatory factors. Moreover, EOFAZ inhibited the formation of MFCs by enhancing cholesterol efflux through activiting the PPARγ-LXRα-ABCA1/G1 pathway. Interestingly, the pharmacological knockdown of PPARγ impaired the beneficial effects of EOFAZ on MFCs. Additionally, our results indicated that EOFAZ reduced the ubiquitination degradation of PPARγ, and the chemical composition of EOFAZ directly bound to the PPARγ protein, thereby increasing its stability. Finally, PPARγ knockdown mitigated the protective effects of EOFAZ on AS in HFD ApoE-/- mice. CONCLUSION These findings represent the first confirmation of EOFAZ's in vivo anti-atherosclerotic effects in ApoE-/- mice. Mechanistically, its chemical constituents can directly bind to PPARγ protein, enhancing its stability, while reducing PPARγ ubiquitination degradation, thereby inhibiting foam cell formation via activation of the PPARγ-LXRα-ABCA1/G1 pathway. Simultaneously, EOFAZ could ameliorates blood lipid metabolism and inflammatory microenvironment, thus synergistically exerting its anti-atherosclerotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Quan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Yunmanhu Campus, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025,China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jun Xiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Yunmanhu Campus, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025,China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guang-Qiong Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Yunmanhu Campus, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025,China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ling-Yun Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Yunmanhu Campus, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025,China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yi-Ni Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Yunmanhu Campus, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025,China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yan Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Yunmanhu Campus, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025,China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ling Tao
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Yunmanhu Campus, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Yunmanhu Campus, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025,China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; The Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Xiang-Chun Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Yunmanhu Campus, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025,China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; The Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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Xu H, Hu R, Zhao Z. DegronMD: Leveraging Evolutionary and Structural Features for Deciphering Protein-Targeted Degradation, Mutations, and Drug Response to Degrons. Mol Biol Evol 2023; 40:msad253. [PMID: 37992195 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msad253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-targeted degradation is an emerging and promising therapeutic approach. The specificity of degradation and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis are determined by the interactions between E3 ubiquitin ligase and degradation signals, known as degrons. The human genome encodes over 600 E3 ligases; however, only a small number of targeted degron instances have been identified so far. In this study, we introduced DegronMD, an open knowledgebase designed for the investigation of degrons, their associated dysfunctional events, and drug responses. We revealed that degrons are evolutionarily conserved and tend to occur near the sites of protein translational modifications, particularly in the regions of disordered structure and higher solvent accessibility. Through pattern recognition and machine learning techniques, we constructed the degrome landscape across the human proteome, yielding over 18,000 new degrons for targeted protein degradation. Furthermore, dysfunction of degrons disrupts the degradation process and leads to the abnormal accumulation of proteins; this process is associated with various types of human cancers. Based on the estimated phenotypic changes induced by somatic mutations, we systematically quantified and assessed the impact of mutations on degron function in pan-cancers; these results helped to build a global mutational map on human degrome, including 89,318 actionable mutations that may induce the dysfunction of degrons and disrupt protein degradation pathways. Multiomics integrative analysis unveiled over 400 drug resistance events associated with the mutations in functional degrons. DegronMD, accessible at https://bioinfo.uth.edu/degronmd, is a useful resource to explore the biological mechanisms, infer protein degradation, and assist with drug discovery and design on degrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodong Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ruifeng Hu
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Advanced Parkinson Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Hub, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Kastnes M, Aass KR, Bouma SA, Årseth C, Zahoor M, Yurchenko M, Standal T. The pro-tumorigenic cytokine IL-32 has a high turnover in multiple myeloma cells due to proteolysis regulated by oxygen-sensing cysteine dioxygenase and deubiquitinating enzymes. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1197542. [PMID: 37313466 PMCID: PMC10258340 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1197542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-32 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine expressed by several types of cancer cells and immune cells. Currently, no treatment targeting IL-32 is available, and its intracellular and exosomal localization make IL-32 less accessible to drugs. We previously showed that hypoxia promotes IL-32 expression through HIF1α in multiple myeloma cells. Here, we demonstrate that high-speed translation and ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation lead to a rapid IL-32 protein turnover. We find that IL-32 protein half-life is regulated by the oxygen-sensing cysteine-dioxygenase ADO and that deubiquitinases actively remove ubiquitin from IL-32 and promote protein stability. Deubiquitinase inhibitors promoted the degradation of IL-32 and may represent a strategy for reducing IL-32 levels in multiple myeloma. The fast turnover and enzymatic deubiquitination of IL-32 are conserved in primary human T cells; thus, deubiquitinase inhibitors may also affect T-cell responses in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kastnes
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristin Roseth Aass
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Siri Anshushaug Bouma
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Charlotte Årseth
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Muhammad Zahoor
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mariia Yurchenko
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Therese Standal
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Hematology, St.Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Cheng H, Wang X. The role of E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases in bladder cancer development and immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1202633. [PMID: 37215134 PMCID: PMC10196180 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1202633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the common malignant urothelial tumors. Post-translational modification (PTMs), including ubiquitination, acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation, have been revealed to participate in bladder cancer initiation and progression. Ubiquitination is the common PTM, which is conducted by E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme, E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme and E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. E3 ubiquitin ligases play a key role in bladder oncogenesis and progression and drug resistance in bladder cancer. Therefore, in this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding the functions of E3 ubiquitin ligases in bladder cancer development. Moreover, we provide the evidence of E3 ubiquitin ligases in regulation of immunotherapy in bladder cancer. Furthermore, we mention the multiple compounds that target E3 ubiquitin ligases to improve the therapy efficacy of bladder cancer. We hope our review can stimulate researchers and clinicians to investigate whether and how targeting E3 ubiquitin ligases acts a novel strategy for bladder cancer therapy.
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Kang X, Ye H, Liu S, Tu X, Zhu J, Sun H, Yi L. Insights into self-degradation of cysteine esters and amides under physiological conditions yield new cleavable chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:4233-4236. [PMID: 36942527 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00684k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented H2S release from cysteine esters and amides (CysO/NHR) under physiological conditions was discovered and the plausible mechanism was proposed. Alkylation of the amino moiety of cysteine esters enables the H2S release to be tuned and further provides support to the mechanistic insights. This discovery not only provides new insights into several fundamental science issues including non-enzymatic H2S-produced pathways, but also inspires new tunable cleavable motifs for sustained release of arylthiols and even for prodrug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Haishun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Shanshan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jiqin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Hongyan Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, 83 TatChee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Long Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China.
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Arnesen T, Aksnes H, Giglione C. Protein Termini 2022: central roles of protein ends. Trends Biochem Sci 2023; 48:495-499. [PMID: 36997368 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Although locating at the protein ends, N- and C-termini are at the center of numerous cellular functions. This topic engages an increasing number of scientists, recently forming the International Society of Protein Termini (ISPT). Protein Termini 2022 gathered this interdisciplinary community to discuss how protein ends may steer protein functionality.
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Seo DY, Kim D, Nguyen KT, Oh J, Lee JS, Hwang CS. N-Terminally arginylated ubiquitin is attached to histone H2A by RING1B E3 ligase in human cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 666:186-194. [PMID: 36932026 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin (Ub) is highly conserved in all eukaryotic organisms and begins at the N-terminus with Met and Gln. Our recent research demonstrates that N-terminally (Nt-) arginylated Ub can be produced in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, the existence of Nt-arginylated Ub in multicellular organisms remains unknown. Here we explore the mechanism for creating Nt-arginylated Ub using human embryonic kidney HEK293 cells that express various Nt-modified Ubs. We found that Gln-starting Q-Ub was converted into Glu-starting E-Ub by NTAQ1 Nt-deamidase and subsequently Nt-arginylated by ATE1 arginyltransferase in HEK293 cells. We also found that the resulting Arg-Glu-starting RE-Ub was mainly deposited on the Lys119 residue of histone H2A. Furthermore, RING1B E3 Ub ligase mediated the attachment of RE-Ub to H2A. These findings reveal a previously unknown type of histone ubiquitylation which greatly increases the combinatorial complexity of histone and ubiquitin codes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Young Seo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasom Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kha The Nguyen
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsoo Oh
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Shin Lee
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Sang Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Wang X, Rao J, Tan Z, Xun T, Zhao J, Yang X. Inflammatory signaling on cytochrome P450-mediated drug metabolism in hepatocytes. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1043836. [PMID: 36353494 PMCID: PMC9637984 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1043836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes are membrane-bound blood proteins that are vital to drug detoxification, cell metabolism, and homeostasis. CYP450s belonging to CYP families 1-3 are responsible for nearly 80% of oxidative metabolism and complete elimination of approximately 50% of all common clinical drugs in humans liver hepatocytes. CYP450s can affect the body's response to drugs by altering the reaction, safety, bioavailability, and toxicity. They can also regulate metabolic organs and the body's local action sites to produce drug resistance through altered drug metabolism. Genetic polymorphisms in the CYP gene alone do not explain ethnic and individual differences in drug efficacy in the context of complex diseases. The purpose of this review is to summarize the impact of new inflammatory-response signaling pathways on the activity and expression of CYP drug-metabolizing enzymes. Included is a summary of recent studies that have identified drugs with the potential to regulate drug-metabolizing enzyme activity. Our goal is to inspire the development of clinical drug treatment processes that consider the impact of the inflammatory environment on drug treatment, as well as provide research targets for those studying drug metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaoyu Rao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiyi Tan
- Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianrong Xun
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingqian Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xixiao Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
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