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Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) neutralization has become increasingly important in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). A series of monoclonal antibodies were approved in the clinic for anti-TNF-α therapy. However, a comprehensive assessment of TNF-α levels throughout the colon, which facilitates the diagnosis of IBD and predicts anti-TNF-α efficacy, remains challenging. Here, we radiolabeled infliximab with long-lived radionuclides 89Zr for immuno-positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of TNF-α in vivo. The increased TNF-α level was detected in the inflammatory colon of the dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis mice. The immuno-PET imaging of 89Zr-desferrioxamine-infliximab reveals a high uptake (7.1 ± 0.3%ID/g) in the inflammatory colon, which is significantly higher than in the healthy control and blocked groups. The colon-to-muscle ratio reached more than 10 and was maintained at a high level for 10 h after injection. The ex vivo biodistribution study also verified the superior uptake in the inflammatory colon. This study provides an in vivo immune-PET approach to molecular imaging of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. It is promising in diagnosing and predicting efficacy in both IBD and other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
| | - Yeli Fan
- College of Environmental Engineering, Wuxi University, Wuxi 214105, PR China
| | - Jianhan Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
| | - Junjie Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
| | - Donghui Pan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
| | - Yuping Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
| | - Min Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
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Masucci MT, Minopoli M, Di Carluccio G, Motti ML, Carriero MV. Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Urokinase and Its Receptor in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:498. [PMID: 35158766 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have ascertained that uPA and uPAR do participate in tumor progression and metastasis and are involved in cell adhesion, migration, invasion and survival, as well as angiogenesis. Increased levels of uPA and uPAR in tumor tissues, stroma and biological fluids correlate with adverse clinic-pathologic features and poor patient outcomes. After binding to uPAR, uPA activates plasminogen to plasmin, a broad-spectrum matrix- and fibrin-degrading enzyme able to facilitate tumor cell invasion and dissemination to distant sites. Moreover, uPAR activated by uPA regulates most cancer cell activities by interacting with a broad range of cell membrane receptors. These findings make uPA and uPAR not only promising diagnostic and prognostic markers but also attractive targets for developing anticancer therapies. In this review, we debate the uPA/uPAR structure-function relationship as well as give an update on the molecules that interfere with or inhibit uPA/uPAR functions. Additionally, the possible clinical development of these compounds is discussed.
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