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Shekwa W, Maliehe TS, Masoko P. Antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the leaf and stem extracts of Carissa bispinosa used for dental health care. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:462. [PMID: 38102607 PMCID: PMC10722736 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04308-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carissa bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan is one of the plants used traditionally to treat oral infections. However, there is limited data validating its therapeutic properties and photochemistry. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective efficacy of the leaf and stem extracts of C. bispinosa against oral infections. METHODS The phenolic and tannin contents were measured using Folin-Ciocalteau method after extracting with different solvents. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the extracts were assessed using the microdilution method against fungal (Candida albicans and Candida glabrata) and bacterial (Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) strains. The 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing power (FRP) models were utilised to assess the antioxidant potential of the extracts. Cytotoxicity of the leaf acetone extract was evaluated using the methylthiazol tetrazolium assay. RESULTS The methanol leaf extract had the highest phenolic content (113.20 mg TAE/g), whereas hexane extract displayed the highest tannin composition of 22.98 mg GAE/g. The acetone stem extract had the highest phenolic content (338 mg TAE/g) and the stem extract yielded the highest total tannin content (49.87 mg GAE/g). The methanol leaf extract demonstrated the lowest MIC value (0.31 mg/mL), whereas the stem ethanol extract had the least MIC value of 0.31 mg/mL. The stem methanol extract had the best DPPH free radical scavenging activity (IC50, 72 µg/mL) whereas the stem ethanol extract displayed maximum FRP with absorbance of 1.916. The leaf acetone extract had minimum cytotoxicity with the lethal concentration (LC50) of 0.63 mg/mL. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained in this study validated the protective effect of C. bispinosa against oral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanda Shekwa
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Private bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa
| | - Tsolanku Sidney Maliehe
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Private bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa
| | - Peter Masoko
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Private bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa.
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Ai D, Chen L, Xie J, Cheng L, Zhang F, Luan Y, Li Y, Hou S, Sun F, Xia LC. Identifying local associations in biological time series: algorithms, statistical significance, and applications. Brief Bioinform 2023; 24:bbad390. [PMID: 37930023 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbad390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Local associations refer to spatial-temporal correlations that emerge from the biological realm, such as time-dependent gene co-expression or seasonal interactions between microbes. One can reveal the intricate dynamics and inherent interactions of biological systems by examining the biological time series data for these associations. To accomplish this goal, local similarity analysis algorithms and statistical methods that facilitate the local alignment of time series and assess the significance of the resulting alignments have been developed. Although these algorithms were initially devised for gene expression analysis from microarrays, they have been adapted and accelerated for multi-omics next generation sequencing datasets, achieving high scientific impact. In this review, we present an overview of the historical developments and recent advances for local similarity analysis algorithms, their statistical properties, and real applications in analyzing biological time series data. The benchmark data and analysis scripts used in this review are freely available at http://github.com/labxscut/lsareview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Ai
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiemin Xie
- Department of Statistics and Financial Mathematics, School of Mathematics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Longwei Cheng
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Shenwan Hongyuan Securities Co. Ltd., Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yihui Luan
- School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Statistics and Financial Mathematics, School of Mathematics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Shengwei Hou
- Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Fengzhu Sun
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, California, 90007, USA
| | - Li Charlie Xia
- Department of Statistics and Financial Mathematics, School of Mathematics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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Paczkowska-Walendowska M, Cielecka-Piontek J. Chitosan as a Functional Carrier for the Local Delivery Anti-Inflammatory Systems Containing Scutellariae baicalensis radix Extract. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2148. [PMID: 36297583 PMCID: PMC9611887 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to establish the influence of chitosan on the preparation of systems containing Scutellariae baicalensis radix extract and to demonstrate the potential of anti-inflammatory action for the treatment of periodontitis. In the first stage, the impact of the variables (extraction mixture composition, temperature, and the number of extraction cycles) on the extracted samples' biological characteristics was analyzed using the Design of Experiments (DoE) approach. The best conditions for baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin extraction from Scutellariae baicalensis radix were 80% methanol in the extraction mixture, 70 °C, and 4 cycles per 60 min. The DoE approach can be used to choose the best chitosan system parameters with equal success. An increase in the deacetylation degree of chitosan used in the system improved the potential for reducing free radicals and inhibiting the hyaluronidase enzyme. Also, increasing the degree of chitosan deacetylation results in increased resistance of the carrier to biodegradation and an extended baicalin release profile, which is also associated with an increase in the viscosity of the chitosan-based system. In total, the system of a freeze-dried extract with chitosan 90/500 in the ratio of 2:1 (system S9) turns out to be the one with the best physicochemical (high percentage of baicalin release and the highest viscosity conditioning the prolonged stay at the site of administration) and biological properties (the highest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities), resulting in the highest potential for use in the treatment of oral inflammatory diseases.
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Meng Z, Liu J, Feng Z, Guo S, Wang M, Wang Z, Li Z, Li H, Sui L. N-acetylcysteine regulates dental follicle stem cell osteogenesis and alveolar bone repair via ROS scavenging. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:466. [PMID: 36076278 PMCID: PMC9461171 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03161-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) show mesenchymal stem cell properties with the potential for alveolar bone regeneration. Stem cell properties can be impaired by reactive oxygen species (ROS), prompting us to examine the importance of scavenging ROS for stem cell-based tissue regeneration. This study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a promising antioxidant, on the properties of DFSCs and DFSC-based alveolar bone regeneration. Methods DFSCs were cultured in media supplemented with different concentrations of NAC (0–10 mM). Cytologic experiments, RNA-sequencing and antioxidant assays were performed in vitro in human DFSCs (hDFSCs). Rat maxillary first molar extraction models were constructed, histological and radiological examinations were performed at day 7 post-surgery to investigate alveolar bone regeneration in tooth extraction sockets after local transplantation of NAC, rat DFSCs (rDFSCs) or NAC-treated rDFSCs. Results 5 mM NAC-treated hDFSCs exhibited better proliferation, less senescent rate, higher stem cell-specific marker and immune-related factor expression with the strongest osteogenic differentiation; other concentrations were also beneficial for maintaining stem cell properties. RNA-sequencing identified 803 differentially expressed genes between hDFSCs with and without 5 mM NAC. “Developmental process (GO:0032502)” was prominent, bioinformatic analysis of 394 involved genes revealed functional and pathway enrichment of ossification and PI3K/AKT pathway, respectively. Furthermore, after NAC treatment, the reduction of ROS levels (ROS, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide), the induction of antioxidant levels (glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase), the upregulation of PI3K/AKT signaling (PI3K-p110, PI3K-p85, AKT, phosphorylated-PI3K-p85, phosphorylated-AKT) and the rebound of ROS level upon PI3K/AKT inhibition were showed. Local transplantation of NAC, rDFSCs or NAC-treated rDFSCs was safe and promoted oral socket bone formation after tooth extraction, with application of NAC-treated rDFSCs possessing the best effect. Conclusions The proper concentration of NAC enhances DFSC properties, especially osteogenesis, via PI3K/AKT/ROS signaling, and offers clinical potential for stem cell-based alveolar bone regeneration. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03161-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaosong Meng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiacheng Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Zhipeng Feng
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Shuling Guo
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Mingzhe Wang
- School of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Hongjie Li
- School of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Lei Sui
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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Wu D, Ngowi EE, Zhai Y, Wang Y, Khan NH, Kombo AF, Khattak S, Li T, Ji X, Celec P. Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in Oral Disease. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2022; 2022:1-14. [PMID: 35116090 PMCID: PMC8807043 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1886277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oral diseases are among the most common human diseases yet less studied. These diseases affect both the physical, mental, and social health of the patients resulting in poor quality of life. They affect all ages, although severe stages are mostly observed in older individuals. Poor oral hygiene, genetics, and environmental factors contribute enormously to the development and progression of these diseases. Although there are available treatment options for these diseases, the recurrence of the diseases hinders their efficiency. Oral volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) are highly produced in oral cavity as a result of bacteria activities. Together with bacteria components such as lipopolysaccharides, VSCs participate in the progression of oral diseases by regulating cellular activities and interfering with the immune response. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous neurotransmitter primarily produced endogenously and is involved in the regulation of cellular activities. The gas is also among the VSCs produced by oral bacteria. In numerous diseases, H2S have been reported to have dual effects depending on the cell, concentration, and donor used. In oral diseases, high production and subsequent utilization of this gas have been reported. Also, this high production is associated with the progression of oral diseases. In this review, we will discuss the production of H2S in oral cavity, its interaction with cellular activities, and most importantly its role in oral diseases.
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Torralba MG, Aleti G, Li W, Moncera KJ, Lin YH, Yu Y, Masternak MM, Golusinski W, Golusinski P, Lamperska K, Edlund A, Freire M, Nelson KE. Oral Microbial Species and Virulence Factors Associated with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Microb Ecol 2021; 82:1030-1046. [PMID: 33155101 PMCID: PMC8551143 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01596-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The human microbiome has been the focus of numerous research efforts to elucidate the pathogenesis of human diseases including cancer. Oral cancer mortality is high when compared with other cancers, as diagnosis often occurs during late stages. Its prevalence has increased in the USA over the past decade and accounts for over 40,000 new cancer patients each year. Additionally, oral cancer pathogenesis is not fully understood and is likely multifactorial. To unravel the relationships that are associated with the oral microbiome and their virulence factors, we used 16S rDNA and metagenomic sequencing to characterize the microbial composition and functional content in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tumor tissue, non-tumor tissue, and saliva from 18 OSCC patients. Results indicate a higher number of bacteria belonging to the Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes phyla associated with tumor tissue when compared with all other sample types. Additionally, saliva metaproteomics revealed a significant increase of Prevotella in five OSCC subjects, while Corynebacterium was mostly associated with ten healthy subjects. Lastly, we determined that there are adhesion and virulence factors associated with Streptococcus gordonii as well as from known oral pathogens belonging to the Fusobacterium genera found mostly in OSCC tissues. From these results, we propose that not only will the methods utilized in this study drastically improve OSCC diagnostics, but the organisms and specific virulence factors from the phyla detected in tumor tissue may be excellent biomarkers for characterizing disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manolito G Torralba
- Department of Genomic Medicine, J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Lane, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Gajender Aleti
- Department of Genomic Medicine, J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Lane, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Weizhong Li
- Department of Genomic Medicine, J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Lane, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Kelvin Jens Moncera
- Department of Genomic Medicine, J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Lane, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Yi-Han Lin
- Department of Genomic Medicine, J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Lane, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Yanbao Yu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, J. Craig Venter Institute, 9605 Medical Center Drive Suite 150, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Michal M Masternak
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Blvd, Central Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
| | - Wojciech Golusinski
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, The Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866, Poznan, Poland
| | - Pawel Golusinski
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, The Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Otolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Zielona Gora, Podgórna 50, 65-246, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Lamperska
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15th Garbary Street, room 5025, 61-866, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Edlund
- Department of Genomic Medicine, J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Lane, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Marcelo Freire
- Department of Genomic Medicine, J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Lane, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Karen E Nelson
- Department of Genomic Medicine, J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Lane, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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Proskurnina EV, Sokolova SV, Portnova GV. Touch-induced emotional comfort results in an increase in the salivary antioxidant potential: A correlational study. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13854. [PMID: 34061347 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A pleasant touch reduces psychoemotional stress via the oxytocin mechanism due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Our research is aimed to reveal the correlations between the subjectively perceived pleasantness of touch, the antioxidant potential of saliva, and salivary oxytocin. A total of 56 healthy volunteers aged 18-38 years participated in the study. The control group consisted of 24 volunteers. The participants were subjected to tactile stimulation using a specially designed protocol. They ranked the touch pleasantness on a scale from 1 to 10. Heart rate variability and low-frequency/high-frequency ratios from the power spectral density of ECG were determined to assess psychoemotional relaxation. Salivary oxytocin and antioxidant capacity were quantified before and after the touch test. We found a significant increase in salivary antioxidant potential and oxytocin after pleasant tactile stimulation for the participants compared to the control group. The difference in antioxidant capacity values before and after the test positively correlated with mean pleasantness in the touch test (r = 0.57) and the difference in heart rate variability (r = 0.67); it negatively correlated with the difference in low-frequency/high-frequency ECG band ratio (r = -0.59). Oxytocin ratio positively correlated with the difference in antioxidant capacity values (r = 0.47). As a result of tactile stimulation, a significant increase in the antioxidant capacity of saliva and salivary oxytocin was found in the test group compared to the control group. These findings support further studies of the effects of pleasant touch on hormonal and oxidative metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Proskurnina
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Sokolova
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina V Portnova
- Laboratory of the Human Higher Nervous Activity, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Georgiou AC, Cornejo Ulloa P, Van Kessel GMH, Crielaard W, Van der Waal SV. Reactive oxygen species can be traced locally and systemically in apical periodontitis: A systematic review. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 129:105167. [PMID: 34126418 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the existing evidence on the local production and systemic traces of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in apical periodontitis (AP). DESIGN A search of MEDLINE-PubMed and EMBASE was conducted up to January 12 of 2021 to identify studies in 6 different languages. Eligibility was evaluated and data were extracted from the eligible studies following the predefined objective. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment of the included studies. RESULTS After screening, 21 papers met the inclusion criteria. Six studies were about systemic oxidative stress, 14 studies examined local production of reactive oxygen species and one studied both. ROS modulate cell signalling and cause oxidant imbalance locally at the site of AP. Cell signalling leads to a pro-inflammatory response, activation of MMPs and formation and progression of the AP lesion. Simultaneously, these oxidative stress biomarkers are also found in blood and saliva of subjects with AP. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the mechanism of ROS generation, involved in chronic inflammation, can provide us with important information to enhance local and systemic healing and possibly improve diagnostic tools. Future research considerations would be to use antioxidants to accelerate the return to oxidative balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Georgiou
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - P Cornejo Ulloa
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - G M H Van Kessel
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W Crielaard
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S V Van der Waal
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Endodontics, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Schwartz M, Neiers F, Feron G, Canon F. The Relationship Between Salivary Redox, Diet, and Food Flavor Perception. Front Nutr 2021; 7:612735. [PMID: 33585536 PMCID: PMC7876224 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.612735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mouth is the gateway for entrance of food and microorganisms into the organism. The oral cavity is bathed by saliva, which is thus the first fluid that food and microorganisms will face after their entrance. As a result, saliva plays different functions, including lubrication, predigestion, protection, detoxification, and even transport of taste compounds to chemoreceptors located in the taste buds. To ensure its function of protection, saliva contains reactive harmful compounds such as reactive oxygen species that are controlled and neutralized by the antioxidant activity of saliva. Several antioxidant molecules control the production of molecules such as reactive oxygen compounds, neutralize them and/or repair the damage they have caused. Therefore, a balance between reactive oxidant species and antioxidant compounds exists. At the same time, food can also contain antioxidant compounds, which can participate in the equilibrium of this balance. Numerous studies have investigated the effects of different food components on the antioxidant capacity of saliva that correspond to the ability of saliva to neutralize reactive oxygen species. Contradictory results have sometimes been obtained. Moreover, some antioxidant compounds are also cofactors of enzymatic reactions that affect flavor compounds. Recent studies have considered the salivary antioxidant capacity to explain the release of flavor compounds ex vivo or in vivo. This article aims to review the effect of food on the antioxidant capacity of saliva and the impact of salivary antioxidant capacity on flavor perception after a brief presentation of the different molecules involved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Francis Canon
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR1324 INRA, UMR6265 CNRS Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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Li X, Zheng J, Ma X, Zhang B, Zhang J, Wang W, Sun C, Wang Y, Zheng J, Chen H, Tao J, Wang H, Zhang F, Wang J, Zhang H. The oral microbiome of pregnant women facilitates gestational diabetes discrimination. J Genet Genomics 2021; 48:32-39. [PMID: 33663937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The oral microbiota plays an important role in the development of various diseases, whereas its association with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains largely unclear. The aim of this study is to identify biomarkers from the oral microbiota of GDM patients by analyzing the microbiome of the saliva and dental plaque samples of 111 pregnant women. We find that the microbiota of both types of oral samples in GDM patients exhibits differences and significantly varies from that of patients with periodontitis or dental caries. Using bacterial biomarkers from the oral microbiota, GDM classification models based on support vector machine and random forest algorithms are constructed. The area under curve (AUC) value of the classification model constructed by combination of Lautropia and Neisseria in dental plaque and Streptococcus in saliva reaches 0.83, and the value achieves a maximum value of 0.89 by adding clinical features. These findings suggest that certain bacteria in either saliva or dental plaque can effectively distinguish women with GDM from healthy pregnant women, which provides evidence of oral microbiome as an informative source for developing noninvasive biomarkers of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Li
- Wenzhou People's Hospital/Wenzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital/The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jiayong Zheng
- Wenzhou People's Hospital/Wenzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital/The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xiuling Ma
- Computational Genomics Lab, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Computational Genomics Lab, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinyang Zhang
- Computational Genomics Lab, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenhuan Wang
- Wenzhou People's Hospital/Wenzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital/The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Congcong Sun
- Wenzhou People's Hospital/Wenzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital/The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yeping Wang
- Wenzhou People's Hospital/Wenzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital/The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jianqiong Zheng
- Wenzhou People's Hospital/Wenzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital/The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Haiying Chen
- Wenzhou People's Hospital/Wenzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital/The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jiejing Tao
- Wenzhou People's Hospital/Wenzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital/The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Hai Wang
- Wenzhou People's Hospital/Wenzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital/The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Fengyi Zhang
- Computational Genomics Lab, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- Computational Genomics Lab, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Hongping Zhang
- Wenzhou People's Hospital/Wenzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital/The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
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Džunková M, Lipták R, Vlková B, Gardlík R, Čierny M, Moya A, Celec P. Salivary microbiome composition changes after bariatric surgery. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20086. [PMID: 33208788 PMCID: PMC7674438 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76991-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies show that the salivary microbiome in subjects with obesity differ from those without obesity, but the mechanism of interaction between the salivary microbiome composition and body weight is unclear. Herein we investigate this relation by analyzing saliva samples from 35 adult patients with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery. Our aim was to describe salivary microbiome changes during body weight loss on an individual-specific level, and to elucidate the effect of bariatric surgery on the salivary microbiome which has not been studied before. Analysis of samples collected before and 1 day after surgery, as well as 3 and 12 months after surgery, showed that the salivary microbiome changed in all study participants, but these changes were heterogeneous. In the majority of participants proportions of Gemella species, Granulicatella elegans, Porphyromonas pasteri, Prevotella nanceiensis and Streptococcus oralis decreased, while Veillonella species, Megasphaera micronuciformis and Prevotella saliva increased. Nevertheless, we found participants deviating from this general trend which suggests that a variety of individual-specific factors influence the salivary microbiome composition more effectively than the body weight dynamics alone. The observed microbiome alternations could be related to dietary changes. Therefore, further studies should focus on association with altered taste preferences and potential oral health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Džunková
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Róbert Lipták
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Vlková
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Roman Gardlík
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Čierny
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Břeclav Hospital, Břeclav, Czech Republic
| | - Andrés Moya
- Department of Genomics and Health, Foundation for the Promotion of Sanitary and Biomedical Research of Valencian Community (FISABIO-Public Health), Valencia, Spain.
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBEResp), Madrid, Spain.
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), University of Valencia and Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Peter Celec
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Finamore A, Peluso I, Cauli O. Salivary Stress/Immunological Markers in Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8562. [PMID: 33202858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is continuous and growing interest in research into new alternatives to standard biomarkers to detect and follow-up disease, reducing physical and psychological stress in patients needing regular and invasive medical examinations for the evaluation of pathologies, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Saliva is one of the most promising body fluids in the research of new biomarkers, thanks to the large number of molecules it contains. Many molecules present in saliva are often directly correlated to their concentration in the blood but may be affected by the condition of the oral cavity. This means that a careful selection of a specific biomarker is required for each pathology, especially pathologies such as IBD, which may induce inflammation in the oral cavity. Here, we analyze the currently used and the proposed new salivary biomarkers (i.e., calprotectin, cytokines, IgA, cortisol, and oxidative stress markers) for the detection and follow-up of the main subtypes of IBD, known as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
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13
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Abstract
Salivary microbiota is a typical habitat of the human microbiome. This study intended to use salivary microbiota as a model aiming to systematically address the influence of collection methods and temporal dynamics on the human microbiota compared to personal specificity. We carried out a supervised short-term longitudinal study to evaluate the influence of the change of collection methods and sampling time point on salivary microbiota in 10 systemically and orally healthy individuals with certain confounding factors (sex, oral and general health state, medication history, physical exercise, diet, and oral hygiene behavior) controlled before and during the sampling period. The microbial profiles were analyzed by 16S rDNA V3 to V4 hypervariable region amplicon sequencing. The taxonomic structure represented by the dominant species and the weighted UniFrac distance algorithm were used to demonstrate the individual specificity and the intraindividual variation introduced by the change of collection method and sampling time point. The findings suggested individual specificity existed in salivary microbiota from individuals with similar oral and general health status. The intraindividual variation brought by the change of collection method or sampling time point might introduce remarkable perturbation with the personal specificity. Insights into the intraindividual variation and personal specificity of salivary microbiota will enhance our understanding in salivary microbiota-related research. We recommend keeping collection conditions consistent within a study to avoid interference brought by the sampling. The strategy of repeated sampling at multiple time points as representative samples, as well as thorough interpretation of the complex relationships and causality between microbiome composition and disease without the interference of temporal dynamics, is optimal for research exploring the relationship between the salivary microbiome and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zhu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - C Yuan
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - F Q Wei
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - X Y Sun
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - S G Zheng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
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14
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Brunner JD, Chia N. Metabolite-mediated modelling of microbial community dynamics captures emergent behaviour more effectively than species-species modelling. J R Soc Interface 2019; 16:20190423. [PMID: 31640497 PMCID: PMC6833326 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Personalized models of the gut microbiome are valuable for disease prevention and treatment. For this, one requires a mathematical model that predicts microbial community composition and the emergent behaviour of microbial communities. We seek a modelling strategy that can capture emergent behaviour when built from sets of universal individual interactions. Our investigation reveals that species-metabolite interaction (SMI) modelling is better able to capture emergent behaviour in community composition dynamics than direct species-species modelling. Using publicly available data, we examine the ability of species-species models and species-metabolite models to predict trio growth experiments from the outcomes of pair growth experiments. We compare quadratic species-species interaction models and quadratic SMI models and conclude that only species-metabolite models have the necessary complexity to explain a wide variety of interdependent growth outcomes. We also show that general species-species interaction models cannot match the patterns observed in community growth dynamics, whereas species-metabolite models can. We conclude that species-metabolite modelling will be important in the development of accurate, clinically useful models of microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Brunner
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Microbiome Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - N Chia
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Microbiome Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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15
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Džunková M, Low SJ, Daly JN, Deng L, Rinke C, Hugenholtz P. Defining the human gut host–phage network through single-cell viral tagging. Nat Microbiol 2019; 4:2192-203. [DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0526-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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16
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Valm AM. The Structure of Dental Plaque Microbial Communities in the Transition from Health to Dental Caries and Periodontal Disease. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:2957-2969. [PMID: 31103772 PMCID: PMC6646062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The human oral cavity harbors diverse communities of microbes that live as biofilms: highly ordered, surface-associated assemblages of microbes embedded in an extracellular matrix. Oral microbial communities contribute to human health by fine-tuning immune responses and reducing dietary nitrate. Dental caries and periodontal disease are together the most prevalent microbially mediated human diseases worldwide. Both of these oral diseases are known to be caused not by the introduction of exogenous pathogens to the oral environment, but rather by a homeostasis breakdown that leads to changes in the structure of the microbial communities present in states of health. Both dental caries and periodontal disease are mediated by synergistic interactions within communities, and both diseases are further driven by specific host inputs: diet and behavior in the case of dental caries and immune system interactions in the case of periodontal disease. Changes in community structure (taxonomic identity and abundance) are well documented during the transition from health to disease. In this review, changes in biofilm physical structure during the transition from oral health to disease and the concomitant relationship between structure and community function will be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Valm
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12210, USA.
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Ikeda M, Ishima Y, Chuang VTG, Sakai M, Osafune H, Ando H, Shimizu T, Okuhira K, Watanabe H, Maruyama T, Otagiri M, Akaike T, Ishida T. Distribution of Polysulfide in Human Biological Fluids and Their Association with Amylase and Sperm Activities. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091689. [PMID: 31052207 PMCID: PMC6539915 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular polysulfide could regulate the redox balance via its anti-oxidant activity. However, the existence of polysulfide in biological fluids still remains unknown. Recently, we developed a quantitative analytical method for polysulfide and discovered that polysulfide exists in plasma and responds to oxidative stress. In this study, we confirmed the presence of polysulfide in other biological fluids, such as semen and nasal discharge. The levels of polysulfide in these biological fluids from healthy volunteers (n = 9) with identical characteristics were compared. Additionally, the circadian rhythm of plasma polysulfide was also investigated. The polysulfide levels detected from nasal discharge and seminal fluid were approximately 400 and 600 μM, respectively. No correlation could be found between plasma polysulfide and the polysulfide levels of tear, saliva, and nasal discharge. On the other hand, seminal polysulfide was positively correlated with plasma polysulfide, and almost all polysulfide contained in semen was found in seminal fluid. Intriguingly, saliva and seminal polysulfide strongly correlated with salivary amylase and sperm activities, respectively. These results provide a foundation for scientific breakthroughs in various research areas like infertility and the digestive system process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Ikeda
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
| | - Yu Ishima
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya Selangor 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Victor T G Chuang
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya Selangor 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Maki Sakai
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Osafune
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
| | - Hidenori Ando
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
| | - Taro Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
| | - Keiichiro Okuhira
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan.
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Tatsuhiro Ishida
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
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