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Galindo-Trigo S, Bågman AM, Ishida T, Sawa S, Brady SM, Butenko MA. Dissection of the IDA promoter identifies WRKY transcription factors as abscission regulators in Arabidopsis. J Exp Bot 2024; 75:2417-2434. [PMID: 38294133 PMCID: PMC11016851 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Plants shed organs such as leaves, petals, or fruits through the process of abscission. Monitoring cues such as age, resource availability, and biotic and abiotic stresses allow plants to abscise organs in a timely manner. How these signals are integrated into the molecular pathways that drive abscission is largely unknown. The INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA) gene is one of the main drivers of floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis and is known to transcriptionally respond to most abscission-regulating cues. By interrogating the IDA promoter in silico and in vitro, we identified transcription factors that could potentially modulate IDA expression. We probed the importance of ERF- and WRKY-binding sites for IDA expression during floral organ abscission, with WRKYs being of special relevance to mediate IDA up-regulation in response to biotic stress in tissues destined for separation. We further characterized WRKY57 as a positive regulator of IDA and IDA-like gene expression in abscission zones. Our findings highlight the promise of promoter element-targeted approaches to modulate the responsiveness of the IDA signaling pathway to harness controlled abscission timing for improved crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Galindo-Trigo
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne-Maarit Bågman
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Ishida
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Sawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Siobhán M Brady
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Melinka A Butenko
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Norway
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2
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Dong X, Liu X, Cheng L, Li R, Ge S, Wang S, Cai Y, Liu Y, Meng S, Jiang CZ, Shi CL, Li T, Fu D, Qi M, Xu T. SlBEL11 regulates flavonoid biosynthesis, thus fine-tuning auxin efflux to prevent premature fruit drop in tomato. J Integr Plant Biol 2024; 66:749-770. [PMID: 38420861 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Auxin regulates flower and fruit abscission, but how developmental signals mediate auxin transport in abscission remains unclear. Here, we reveal the role of the transcription factor BEL1-LIKE HOMEODOMAIN11 (SlBEL11) in regulating auxin transport during abscission in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). SlBEL11 is highly expressed in the fruit abscission zone, and its expression increases during fruit development. Knockdown of SlBEL11 expression by RNA interference (RNAi) caused premature fruit drop at the breaker (Br) and 3 d post-breaker (Br+3) stages of fruit development. Transcriptome and metabolome analysis of SlBEL11-RNAi lines revealed impaired flavonoid biosynthesis and decreased levels of most flavonoids, especially quercetin, which functions as an auxin transport inhibitor. This suggested that SlBEL11 prevents premature fruit abscission by modulating auxin efflux from fruits, which is crucial for the formation of an auxin response gradient. Indeed, quercetin treatment suppressed premature fruit drop in SlBEL11-RNAi plants. DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq) analysis indicated that SlBEL11 induced expression of the transcription factor gene SlMYB111 by directly binding to its promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that S. lycopersicum MYELOBLASTOSIS VIRAL ONCOGENE HOMOLOG111 (SlMYB111) induces the expression of the core flavonoid biosynthesis genes SlCHS1, SlCHI, SlF3H, and SlFLS by directly binding to their promoters. Our findings suggest that the SlBEL11-SlMYB111 module modulates flavonoid biosynthesis to fine-tune auxin efflux from fruits and thus maintain an auxin response gradient in the pedicel, thereby preventing premature fruit drop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufen Dong
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
- Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Control of Subtropical Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Xianfeng Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Lina Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Ruizhen Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Siqi Ge
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Sai Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yue Cai
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Sida Meng
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Cai-Zhong Jiang
- Crops Pathology and Genetic Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Washington, DC, 20250, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | | | - Tianlai Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Daqi Fu
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Mingfang Qi
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Tao Xu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110866, China
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3
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Datta T, Kumar RS, Sinha H, Trivedi PK. Small but mighty: Peptides regulating abiotic stress responses in plants. Plant Cell Environ 2024; 47:1207-1223. [PMID: 38164016 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Throughout evolution, plants have developed strategies to confront and alleviate the detrimental impacts of abiotic stresses on their growth and development. The combat strategies involve intricate molecular networks and a spectrum of early and late stress-responsive pathways. Plant peptides, consisting of fewer than 100 amino acid residues, are at the forefront of these responses, serving as pivotal signalling molecules. These peptides, with roles similar to phytohormones, intricately regulate plant growth, development and facilitate essential cell-to-cell communications. Numerous studies underscore the significant role of these small peptides in coordinating diverse signalling events triggered by environmental challenges. Originating from the proteolytic processing of larger protein precursors or directly translated from small open reading frames, including microRNA (miRNA) encoded peptides from primary miRNA, these peptides exert their biological functions through binding with membrane-embedded receptor-like kinases. This interaction initiates downstream cellular signalling cascades, often involving major phytohormones or reactive oxygen species-mediated mechanisms. Despite these advances, the precise modes of action for numerous other small peptides remain to be fully elucidated. In this review, we delve into the dynamics of stress physiology, mainly focusing on the roles of major small signalling peptides, shedding light on their significance in the face of changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapasya Datta
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India
| | - Ravi S Kumar
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, (CSIR-NBRI), Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Hiteshwari Sinha
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, (CSIR-NBRI), Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Prabodh K Trivedi
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, (CSIR-NBRI), Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Ma X, He Z, Yuan Y, Liang Z, Zhang H, Lalun VO, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Huang Z, Huang Y, Li J, Zhao M. The transcriptional control of LcIDL1-LcHSL2 complex by LcARF5 integrates auxin and ethylene signaling for litchi fruitlet abscission. J Integr Plant Biol 2024. [PMID: 38517216 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
At the physiological level, the interplay between auxin and ethylene has long been recognized as crucial for the regulation of organ abscission in plants. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we identified transcription factors involved in indoleacetic acid (IAA) and ethylene (ET) signaling that directly regulate the expression of INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA) and its receptor HAESA (HAE), which are key components initiating abscission. Specifically, litchi IDA-like 1 (LcIDL1) interacts with the receptor HAESA-like 2 (LcHSL2). Through in vitro and in vivo experiments, we determined that the auxin response factor LcARF5 directly binds and activates both LcIDL1 and LcHSL2. Furthermore, we found that the ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3-like transcription factor LcEIL3 directly binds and activates LcIDL1. The expression of IDA and HSL2 homologs was enhanced in LcARF5 and LcEIL3 transgenic Arabidopsis plants, but reduced in ein3 eil1 mutants. Consistently, the expressions of LcIDL1 and LcHSL2 were significantly decreased in LcARF5- and LcEIL3-silenced fruitlet abscission zones (FAZ), which correlated with a lower rate of fruitlet abscission. Depletion of auxin led to an increase in 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (the precursor of ethylene) levels in the litchi FAZ, followed by abscission activation. Throughout this process, LcARF5 and LcEIL3 were induced in the FAZ. Collectively, our findings suggest that the molecular interactions between litchi AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 5 (LcARF5)-LcIDL1/LcHSL2 and LcEIL3-LcIDL1 signaling modules play a role in regulating fruitlet abscission in litchi and provide a long-sought mechanistic explanation for how the interplay between auxin and ethylene is translated into the molecular events that initiate abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingshuai Ma
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zidi He
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Dongguan Botanical Garden, Dongguan, 523128, China
| | - Zhijian Liang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Vilde Olsson Lalun
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, Oslo, 0316, Norway
| | - Zhuoyi Liu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yanqing Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Zhiqiang Huang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yulian Huang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Minglei Zhao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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Dutta AK, Sultana MM, Tanaka A, Suzuki T, Hachiya T, Nakagawa T. Expression analysis of genes encoding extracellular leucine-rich repeat proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:154-167. [PMID: 38040489 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing proteins have been identified in diverse species, including plants. The diverse intracellular and extracellular LRR variants are responsible for numerous biological processes. We analyzed the expression patterns of Arabidopsis thaliana extracellular LRR (AtExLRR) genes, 10 receptor-like proteins, and 4 additional genes expressing the LRR-containing protein by a promoter: β-glucuronidase (GUS) study. According to in silico expression studies, several AtExLRR genes were expressed in a tissue- or stage-specific and abiotic/hormone stress-responsive manner, indicating their potential participation in specific biological processes. Based on the promoter: GUS assay, AtExLRRs were expressed in different cells and organs. A quantitative real-time PCR investigation revealed that the expressions of AtExLRR3 and AtExLRR9 were distinct under various abiotic stress conditions. This study investigated the potential roles of extracellular LRR proteins in plant growth, development, and response to various abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Dutta
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
- Bioresource and Life Sciences, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Mst Momtaz Sultana
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
- Bioresource and Life Sciences, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE), Ministry of Agriculture, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ai Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Takushi Hachiya
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
- Bioresource and Life Sciences, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
- Bioresource and Life Sciences, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
- Science of Natural Environment Systems Course, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
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Zhang Y, Ma Y, Zhao D, Tang Z, Zhang T, Zhang K, Dong J, Zhang H. Genetic regulation of lateral root development. Plant Signal Behav 2023; 18:2081397. [PMID: 35642513 PMCID: PMC10761116 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2081397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lateral roots (LRs) are an important part of plant root systems. In dicots, for example, after plants adapted from aquatic to terrestrial environments, filamentous pseudorhizae evolved to allow nutrient absorption. A typical plant root system comprises a primary root, LRs, root hairs, and a root cap. Classical plant roots exhibit geotropism (the tendency to grow downward into the ground) and can synthesize plant hormones and other essential substances. Root vascular bundles and complex spatial structures enable plants to absorb water and nutrients to meet their nutrient quotas and grow. The primary root carries out most functions during early growth stages but is later overtaken by LRs, underscoring the importance of LR development water and mineral uptake and the soil fixation capacity of the root. LR development is modulated by endogenous plant hormones and external environmental factors, and its underlying mechanisms have been dissected in great detail in Arabidopsis, thanks to its simple root anatomy and the ease of obtaining mutants. This review comprehensively and systematically summarizes past research (largely in Arabidopsis) on LR basic structure, development stages, and molecular mechanisms regulated by different factors, as well as future prospects in LR research, to provide broad background knowledge for root researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Pear Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yuru Ma
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hengshui University, Hengshui, Hebei, China
| | - Ziyan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Tengteng Zhang
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Jingao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Skripnikov A. Bioassays for Identifying and Characterizing Plant Regulatory Peptides. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1795. [PMID: 38136666 PMCID: PMC10741408 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant peptides are a new frontier in plant biology, owing to their key regulatory roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. Synthetic peptides are promising biological agents that can be used to improve crop growth and protection in an environmentally sustainable manner. Plant regulatory peptides identified in pioneering research, including systemin, PSK, HypSys, RALPH, AtPep1, CLV3, TDIF, CLE, and RGF/GLV/CLEL, hold promise for crop improvement as potent regulators of plant growth and defense. Mass spectrometry and bioinformatics are greatly facilitating the discovery and identification of new plant peptides. The biological functions of most novel plant peptides remain to be elucidated. Bioassays are an essential part in studying the biological activity of identified and putative plant peptides. Root growth assays and cultivated plant cell cultures are widely used to evaluate the regulatory potential of plant peptides during growth, differentiation, and stress reactions. These bioassays can be used as universal approaches for screening peptides from different plant species. Development of high-throughput bioassays can facilitate the screening of large numbers of identified and putative plant peptides, which have recently been discovered but remain uncharacterized for biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Skripnikov
- Shemyakin—Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya St. 16/10, 119997 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
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Nietzschmann L, Smolka U, Perino EHB, Gorzolka K, Stamm G, Marillonnet S, Bürstenbinder K, Rosahl S. The secreted PAMP-induced peptide StPIP1_1 activates immune responses in potato. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20534. [PMID: 37996470 PMCID: PMC10667265 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47648-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of potato plants with the pathogen-associated molecular pattern Pep-13 leads to the activation of more than 1200 genes. One of these, StPIP1_1, encodes a protein of 76 amino acids with sequence homology to PAMP-induced secreted peptides (PIPs) from Arabidopsis thaliana. Expression of StPIP1_1 is also induced in response to infection with Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight disease. Apoplastic localization of StPIP1_1-mCherry fusion proteins is dependent on the presence of the predicted signal peptide. A synthetic peptide corresponding to the last 13 amino acids of StPIP1_1 elicits the expression of the StPIP1_1 gene itself, as well as that of pathogenesis related genes. The oxidative burst induced by exogenously applied StPIP1_1 peptide in potato leaf disks is dependent on functional StSERK3A/B, suggesting that StPIP1_1 perception occurs via a receptor complex involving the co-receptor StSERK3A/B. Moreover, StPIP1_1 induces expression of FRK1 in Arabidopsis in an RLK7-dependent manner. Expression of an RLK from potato with high sequence homology to AtRLK7 is induced by StPIP1_1, by Pep-13 and in response to infection with P. infestans. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that, upon secretion, StPIP1_1 acts as an endogenous peptide required for amplification of the defense response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Nietzschmann
- Department Biochemistry of Plant Interactions, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ulrike Smolka
- Department Biochemistry of Plant Interactions, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Elvio Henrique Benatto Perino
- Department Biochemistry of Plant Interactions, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Karin Gorzolka
- Department Biochemistry of Plant Interactions, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Gina Stamm
- Department Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sylvestre Marillonnet
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Katharina Bürstenbinder
- Department Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sabine Rosahl
- Department Biochemistry of Plant Interactions, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Alling R, Galindo-Trigo S. Reproductive defects in the abscission mutant ida-2 are caused by T-DNA-induced genomic rearrangements. Plant Physiol 2023; 193:2292-2297. [PMID: 37555453 PMCID: PMC10663105 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Renate Alling
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sergio Galindo-Trigo
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
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10
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Cheng Y, Li Y, Yang J, He H, Zhang X, Liu J, Yang X. Multiplex CRISPR-Cas9 knockout of EIL3, EIL4, and EIN2L advances soybean flowering time and pod set. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:519. [PMID: 37884905 PMCID: PMC10604859 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04543-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethylene inhibitor treatment of soybean promotes flower bud differentiation and early flowering, suggested that there is a close relationship between ethylene signaling and soybean growth and development. The short-lived ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE2 (EIN2) and ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3) proteins play central roles in plant development. The objective of this study was carried out gene editing of EIL family members in soybeans and to examine the effects on soybean yield and other markers of growth. METHODS AND RESULTS By editing key-node genes in the ethylene signaling pathway using a multi-sgRNA-in-one strategy, we obtained a series of gene edited lines with variable edit combinations among 15 target genes. EIL3, EIL4, and EIN2L were editable genes favored by the T0 soybean lines. Pot experiments also show that the early flowering stage R1 of the EIL3, EIL4, and EIN2L triple mutant was 7.05 d earlier than that of the wild-type control. The yield of the triple mutant was also increased, being 1.65-fold higher than that of the control. Comparative RNA-seq revealed that sucrose synthase, AUX28, MADS3, type-III polyketide synthase A/B, ABC transporter G family member 26, tetraketide alpha-pyrone reductase, and fatty acyl-CoA reductase 2 may be involved in regulating early flowering and high-yield phenotypes in triple mutant soybean plants. CONCLUSION Our results provide a scientific basis for genetic modification to promote the development of earlier-flowering and higher-yielding soybean cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Cheng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping, Jilin Province, 136000, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping, Jilin Province, 136000, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Hongli He
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping, Jilin Province, 136000, China
| | - Xingzheng Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping, Jilin Province, 136000, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping, Jilin Province, 136000, China.
| | - Xiangdong Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130024, China.
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11
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Koenig M, Moser D, Leusner J, Depotter JRL, Doehlemann G, Villamil JM. Maize Phytocytokines Modulate Pro-Survival Host Responses and Pathogen Resistance. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2023; 36:592-604. [PMID: 37102770 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-01-23-0005-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Phytocytokines are signaling peptides that alert plant cells of danger. However, the downstream responses triggered by phytocytokines and their effect on plant survival are still largely unknown. Here, we have identified three biologically active maize orthologues of phytocytokines previously described in other plants. The maize phytocytokines show common features with microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), including the induction of immune-related genes and activation of papain-like cysteine proteases. In contrast to MAMPs, phytocytokines do not promote cell death in the presence of wounding. In infection assays with two fungal pathogens, we found that phytocytokines affect the development of disease symptoms, likely due to the activation of phytohormonal pathways. Collectively, our results show that phytocytokines and MAMPs trigger unique and antagonistic features of immunity. We propose a model in which phytocytokines activate immune responses partially similar to MAMPs but, in contrast to microbial signals, they act as danger and survival molecules to the surrounding cells. Future studies will focus on the components determining the divergence of signaling outputs upon phytocytokine activation. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Koenig
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniel Moser
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julian Leusner
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Gunther Doehlemann
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Johana Misas Villamil
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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12
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Xu K, Tian D, Wang T, Zhang A, Elsadek MAY, Liu W, Chen L, Guo Y. Small secreted peptides (SSPs) in tomato and their potential roles in drought stress response. Mol Hortic 2023; 3:17. [PMID: 37789434 PMCID: PMC10515272 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-023-00063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most important vegetable crops in the world and abiotic stresses often cause serious problems in tomato production. It is thus important to identify new regulators in stress response and to devise new approaches to promote stress tolerance in tomato. Previous studies have shown that small secreted peptides (SSPs) are important signal molecules regulating plant growth and stress response by mediating intercellular communication. However, little is known about tomato SSPs, especially their roles in responding to abiotic stresses. Here we report the identification of 1,050 putative SSPs in the tomato genome, 557 of which were classified into 38 known SSP families based on their conserved domains. GO and transcriptome analyses revealed that a large proportion of SlSSPs might be involved in abiotic stress response. Further analysis indicated that stress response related cis-elements were present on the SlCEP promotors and a number of SlCEPs were significantly upregulated by drought treatments. Among the drought-inducible SlCEPs, SlCEP10 and SlCEP11b were selected for further analysis via exogenous application of synthetic peptides. The results showed that treatments with both SlCEP10 and SlCEP11b peptides enhanced tomato drought stress tolerance, indicating the potential roles of SlSSPs in abiotic stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Xu
- Department of HorticultureCollege of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dongdong Tian
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - TingJin Wang
- Department of HorticultureCollege of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Aijun Zhang
- Department of HorticultureCollege of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | | | - Weihong Liu
- Department of HorticultureCollege of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of HorticultureCollege of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Yongfeng Guo
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
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13
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Singh P, Maurya SK, Singh D, Sane AP. The rose INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION-LIKE genes, RbIDL1 and RbIDL4, regulate abscission in an ethylene-responsive manner. Plant Cell Rep 2023; 42:1147-1161. [PMID: 37069436 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03017-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE RbIDL1 and RbIDL4 are up-regulated in an ethylene-responsive manner during rose petal abscission and restored the Arabidopsis ida-2 mutant abscission defect suggesting functional conservation of the IDA pathway in rose. Abscission is an ethylene-regulated developmental process wherein plants shed unwanted organs in a controlled manner. The INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION family has been identified as a key regulator of abscission in Arabidopsis, encoding peptides that interact with receptor-like kinases to activate abscission. Loss of function ida mutants show abscission deficiency in Arabidopsis. Functional conservation of the IDA pathway in other plant abscission processes is a matter of interest given the discovery of these genes in several plants. We have identified four members of the INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION-LIKE family from the ethylene-sensitive, early-abscising fragrant rose, Rosa bourboniana. All four are conserved in sequence and possess well-defined PIP, mIDa and EPIP motifs. Three of these, RbIDL1, RbIDL2 and RbIDL4 show a three-fourfold increase in transcript levels in petal abscission zones (AZ) during ethylene-induced petal abscission as well as natural abscission. The genes are also expressed in other floral tissues but respond differently to ethylene in these tissues. RbIDL1 and RbIDL4, the more prominently expressed IDL genes in rose, can complement the abscission defect of the Arabidopsis ida-2 mutant; while, promoters of both genes can drive AZ-specific expression in an ethylene-responsive manner even in Arabidopsis silique AZs indicating recognition of AZ-specific and ethylene-responsive cis elements in their promoters by the abscission machinery of rose as well as Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Singh
- Plant Gene Expression Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Lucknow, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shiv Kumar Maurya
- Plant Gene Expression Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Lucknow, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Department of Botany, Kishori Raman (PG) College, Mathura, India
| | - Deepika Singh
- Plant Gene Expression Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Aniruddha P Sane
- Plant Gene Expression Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Lucknow, 226001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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14
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Wu H, He Q, Wang Q. Advances in Rice Seed Shattering. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108889. [PMID: 37240235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Seed shattering is an important trait that wild rice uses to adapt to the natural environment and maintain population reproduction, and weedy rice also uses it to compete with the rice crop. The loss of shattering is a key event in rice domestication. The degree of shattering is not only one of the main reasons for rice yield reduction but also affects its adaptability to modern mechanical harvesting methods. Therefore, it is important to cultivate rice varieties with a moderate shattering degree. In this paper, the research progress on rice seed shattering in recent years is reviewed, including the physiological basis, morphological and anatomical characteristics of rice seed shattering, inheritance and QTL/gene mapping of rice seed shattering, the molecular mechanism regulating rice seed shattering, the application of seed-shattering genes, and the relationship between seed-shattering genes and domestication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Qi He
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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15
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Wang P, Wu T, Jiang C, Huang B, Li Z. Brt9SIDA/IDALs as peptide signals mediate diverse biological pathways in plants. Plant Sci 2023; 330:111642. [PMID: 36804389 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As signal molecules, plant peptides play key roles in intercellular communication during growth and development, as well as stress responses. The 14-amino-acid (aa) INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA) peptide was originally identified to play an essential role in the floral organ abscission of Arabidopsis. It is synthesized from its precursor, a small protein containing 77-aa residues with an N-terminal signal peptide sequence. Recently, the IDA/IDA-like (IDLs) genes are isolated in several angiosperms and are highly conserved in land plants. In addition, IDA/IDLs are not only involved in organ abscission but also function in multiple biological processes, including biotic and abiotic stress responses. Here, we summarize the post-translational modification and proteolytic processing, the evolutionary conservation, and the potential regulatory function of IDA/IDLs, and also present future perspectives to investigate the IDA/IDLs signaling pathway. We anticipate that this detailed knowledge will help to improve the understanding of the molecular mechanism of plant peptide signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Ting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Chen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Baowen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Zhengguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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16
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Hill T, Cassibba V, Joukhadar I, Tonnessen B, Havlik C, Ortega F, Sripolcharoen S, Visser BJ, Stoffel K, Thammapichai P, Garcia-Llanos A, Chen S, Hulse-Kemp A, Walker S, Van Deynze A. Genetics of destemming in pepper: A step towards mechanical harvesting. Front Genet 2023; 14:1114832. [PMID: 37007971 PMCID: PMC10064014 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1114832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The majority of peppers in the US for fresh market and processing are handpicked, and harvesting can account for 20–50% of production costs. Innovation in mechanical harvesting would increase availability; lower the costs of local, healthy vegetable products; and perhaps improve food safety and expand markets. Most processed peppers require removal of pedicels (stem and calyx) from the fruit, but lack of an efficient mechanical process for this operation has hindered adoption of mechanical harvest. In this paper, we present characterization and advancements in breeding green chile peppers for mechanical harvesting. Specifically, we describe inheritance and expression of an easy-destemming trait derived from the landrace UCD-14 that facilitates machine harvest of green chiles.Methods: A torque gauge was used for measuring bending forces similar to those of a harvester and applied to two biparental populations segregating for destemming force and rate. Genotyping by sequencing was used to generate genetic maps for quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses.Results: A major destemming QTL was found on chromosome 10 across populations and environments. Eight additional population and/or environment-specific QTL were also identified. Chromosome 10 QTL markers were used to help introgress the destemming trait into jalapeño-type peppers. Low destemming force lines combined with improvements in transplant production enabled mechanical harvest of destemmed fruit at a rate of 41% versus 2% with a commercial jalapeńo hybrid. Staining for the presence of lignin at the pedicel/fruit boundary indicated the presence of an abscission zone and homologs of genes known to affect organ abscission were found under several QTL, suggesting that the easy-destemming trait may be due to the presence and activation of a pedicel/fruit abscission zone.Conclusion: Presented here are tools to measure the easy-destemming trait, its physiological basis, possible molecular pathways, and expression of the trait in various genetic backgrounds. Mechanical harvest of destemmed mature green chile fruits was achieved by combining easy-destemming with transplant management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Hill
- Seed Biotechnology Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Theresa Hill, ; Allen Van Deynze,
| | - Vincenzo Cassibba
- Seed Biotechnology Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Israel Joukhadar
- Department of Extension Plant Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Bradley Tonnessen
- Department of Extension Plant Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Charles Havlik
- Los Lunas Agricultural Science Center, Los Lunas, NM, United States
| | - Franchesca Ortega
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | | | | | - Kevin Stoffel
- Seed Biotechnology Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Paradee Thammapichai
- Seed Biotechnology Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Armando Garcia-Llanos
- Seed Biotechnology Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Shiyu Chen
- Seed Biotechnology Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Amanda Hulse-Kemp
- Seed Biotechnology Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Stephanie Walker
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Allen Van Deynze
- Seed Biotechnology Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Theresa Hill, ; Allen Van Deynze,
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17
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Lu L, Arif S, Yu JM, Lee JW, Park YH, Tucker ML, Kim J. Involvement of IDA-HAE Module in Natural Development of Tomato Flower Abscission. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:185. [PMID: 36616314 PMCID: PMC9823658 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The unwanted detachment of organs such as flowers, leaves, and fruits from the main body of a plant (abscission) has significant effects on agricultural practice. Both timely and precise regulation of organ abscission from a plant is crucial as it influences the agricultural yield. The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) has become a model system for research on organ abscission. Here, we characterized four tomato natural abscission variants named jointless (j), functionally impaired jointless (fij), functionally impaired jointless like (fij like), and normal joint (NJ), based on their cellular features within the flower abscission zones (AZ). Using eight INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (SlIDA) genes and eight HAESA genes (SlHAE) identified in the genome sequence of tomato, we analyzed the pattern of gene expression during flower abscission. The AZ-specific expression for three tomato abscission polygalacturonases (SlTAPGs) in the development of flower AZ, and the progression of abscission validated our natural abscission system. Compared to that of j, fij, and fij like variants, the AZ-specific expression for SlIDA, SlIDL2, SlIDL3, SlIDL4, and SlIDL5 in the NJ largely corelated and increased with the process of abscission. Of eight SlHAE genes examined, the expression for SlHSL6 and SlHSL7 were found to be AZ-specific and increased as abscission progressed in the NJ variant. Unlike the result of gene expression obtained from natural abscission system, an in silico analysis of transcriptional binding sites uncovered that SlIDA genes (SlIDA, SlIDL6, and SlIDL7) are predominantly under the control of environmental stress, while most of the SlHSL genes are affiliated with the broader context in developmental processes and stress responses. Our result presents the potential bimodal transcriptional regulation of the tomato IDA-HAE module associated with flower abscission in tomatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Samiah Arif
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Myoung Yu
- Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - June Woo Lee
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
- Quality Assurance Team, Quality Assurance Department, Nongwoobio Co., Ltd., Yeoju 12655, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Park
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Mark Leo Tucker
- Soybean Genomics and Improvement Lab, Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Building 006, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Joonyup Kim
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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18
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Verma A, Lin M, Smith D, Walker JC, Hewezi T, Davis EL, Hussey RS, Baum TJ, Mitchum MG. A novel sugar beet cyst nematode effector 2D01 targets the Arabidopsis HAESA receptor-like kinase. Mol Plant Pathol 2022; 23:1765-1782. [PMID: 36069343 PMCID: PMC9644282 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant-parasitic cyst nematodes use a stylet to deliver effector proteins produced in oesophageal gland cells into root cells to cause disease in plants. These effectors are deployed to modulate plant defence responses and developmental programmes for the formation of a specialized feeding site called a syncytium. The Hg2D01 effector gene, coding for a novel 185-amino-acid secreted protein, was previously shown to be up-regulated in the dorsal gland of parasitic juveniles of the soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines, but its function has remained unknown. Genome analyses revealed that Hg2D01 belongs to a highly diversified effector gene family in the genomes of H. glycines and the sugar beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii. For functional studies using the model Arabidopsis thaliana-H. schachtii pathosystem, we cloned the orthologous Hs2D01 sequence from H. schachtii. We demonstrate that Hs2D01 is a cytoplasmic effector that interacts with the intracellular kinase domain of HAESA (HAE), a cell surface-associated leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptor-like kinase (RLK) involved in signalling the activation of cell wall-remodelling enzymes important for cell separation during abscission and lateral root emergence. Furthermore, we show that AtHAE is expressed in the syncytium and, therefore, could serve as a viable host target for Hs2D01. Infective juveniles effectively penetrated the roots of HAE and HAESA-LIKE2 (HSL2) double mutant plants; however, fewer nematodes developed on the roots, consistent with a role for this receptor family in nematode infection. Taken together, our results suggest that the Hs2D01-AtHAE interaction may play an important role in sugar beet cyst nematode parasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Verma
- Department of Plant Pathology and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and GenomicsUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
- Division of Plant Sciences and Bond Life Sciences CenterUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Marriam Lin
- Division of Plant Sciences and Bond Life Sciences CenterUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Boyle Frederickson Intellectual Property LawMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Dante Smith
- Division of Plant Sciences and Bond Life Sciences CenterUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Conagra Brands, Inc., Corporate Microbiology, Research and DevelopmentOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - John C. Walker
- Division of Biological SciencesUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Tarek Hewezi
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Eric L. Davis
- Department of Entomology and Plant PathologyNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Richard S. Hussey
- Department of Plant Pathology and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and GenomicsUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Thomas J. Baum
- Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Melissa G. Mitchum
- Department of Plant Pathology and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and GenomicsUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
- Division of Plant Sciences and Bond Life Sciences CenterUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
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19
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Wu J, Liu H, Ren S, Li P, Li X, Lin L, Sun Q, Zhang L, Lin C, Wang Y. Generating an oilseed rape mutant with non-abscising floral organs using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Plant Physiol 2022; 190:1562-1565. [PMID: 35951752 PMCID: PMC9614459 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oilseed rape plants with abscission-defective floral organs acquired through genome editing show less susceptibility to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infection and longer flowering-period for flower tourism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Sichao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Panpan Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xue Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Li Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qinfu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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20
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Crick J, Corrigan L, Belcram K, Khan M, Dawson JW, Adroher B, Li S, Hepworth SR, Pautot V. Floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis requires the combined activities of three TALE homeodomain transcription factors. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:6150-6169. [PMID: 35689803 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Floral organ abscission is a separation process in which sepals, petals, and stamens detach from the plant at abscission zones. Here, we investigated the collective role of three amino-acid-loop-extension (TALE) homeobox genes ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA HOMEOBOX GENE1 (ATH1), KNAT6 (for KNOTTED LIKE from Arabidopsis thaliana) and KNAT2, which form a module that patterns boundaries under the regulation of BLADE-ON-PETIOLE 1 and 2 (BOP1/2) co-activators. These TALE homeodomain transcription factors were shown to maintain boundaries in the flower, functioning as a unit to coordinate the growth, patterning, and activity of abscission zones. Together with BOP1 and BOP2, ATH1 and its partners KNAT6 and KNAT2 collectively contribute to the differentiation of lignified and separation layers of the abscission zone. The genetic interactions of BOP1/2 and ATH1 with INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA) were also explored. We showed that BOP1/2 co-activators and ATH1 converge with the IDA signalling pathway to promote KNAT6 and KNAT2 expression in the abscission zone and cell separation. ATH1 acts as a central regulator in floral organ abscission as it controls the expression of other TALE genes in abscission zone cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Crick
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Corrigan
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katia Belcram
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Madiha Khan
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeff W Dawson
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernard Adroher
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Sibei Li
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Véronique Pautot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
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21
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Stintzi A, Schaller A. Biogenesis of post-translationally modified peptide signals for plant reproductive development. Curr Opin Plant Biol 2022; 69:102274. [PMID: 35977439 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Post-translationally modified peptides (PMPs) are important regulators of plant growth and development. They are derived from larger inactive precursors by post-translational modification (PTM) and proteolytic processing to result in the bioactive peptide signals. We discuss how and why these modifications contribute to the bioactivity of inflorescence deficient in abscission (IDA), phytosulfokine (PSK), and peptides of the Casparian strip integrity factor (CIF) family, as signaling molecules during reproductive development. The emerging picture suggests that PTMs evolved to increase the specificity of interaction of PMPs with cognate receptors and of PMP precursors with processing proteases. Cleavage sites in PMP precursors are recognized by subtilases (SBTs) in a highly specific manner. SBT-mediated processing results in the activation of PMP signals regulating stress-induced flower drop, the formation of the embryonic cuticle, and pollen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annick Stintzi
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Schaller
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany.
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22
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Tian D, Xie Q, Deng Z, Xue J, Li W, Zhang Z, Dai Y, Zheng B, Lu T, De Smet I, Guo Y. Small secreted peptides encoded on the wheat ( triticum aestivum L.) genome and their potential roles in stress responses. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1000297. [PMID: 36212358 PMCID: PMC9532867 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1000297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Small secreted peptides (SSPs) are important signals for cell-to-cell communication in plant, involved in a variety of growth and developmental processes, as well as responses to stresses. While a large number of SSPs have been identified and characterized in various plant species, little is known about SSPs in wheat, one of the most important cereal crops. In this study, 4,981 putative SSPs were identified on the wheat genome, among which 1,790 TaSSPs were grouped into 38 known SSP families. The result also suggested that a large number of the putaitive wheat SSPs, Cys-rich peptides in particular, remained to be characterized. Several TaSSP genes were found to encode multiple SSP domains, including CLE, HEVEIN and HAIRPININ domains, and two potentially novel TaSSP family DYY and CRP8CI were identified manually among unpredicted TaSSPs. Analysis on the transcriptomic data showed that a great proportion of TaSSPs were expressed in response to abiotic stresses. Exogenous application of the TaCEPID peptide encoded by TraesCS1D02G130700 enhanced the tolerance of wheat plants to drought and salinity, suggesting porential roles of SSPs in regulating stress responses in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Tian
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhichao Deng
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin Xue
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zenglin Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yifei Dai
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tiegang Lu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ive De Smet
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yongfeng Guo
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
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23
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Lee J, Chen H, Lee G, Emonet A, Kim S, Shim D, Lee Y. MSD2-mediated ROS metabolism fine-tunes the timing of floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis. New Phytol 2022; 235:2466-2480. [PMID: 35689444 PMCID: PMC9543660 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The timely removal of end-of-purpose flowering organs is as essential for reproduction and plant survival as timely flowering. Despite much progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of floral organ abscission, little is known about how various environmental factors are integrated into developmental programmes that determine the timing of abscission. Here, we investigated whether reactive oxygen species (ROS), mediators of various stress-related signalling pathways, are involved in determining the timing of abscission and, if so, how they are integrated with the developmental pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. MSD2, encoding a secretory manganese superoxide dismutase, was preferentially expressed in the abscission zone of flowers, and floral organ abscission was accelerated by the accumulation of ROS in msd2 mutants. The expression of the genes encoding the receptor-like kinase HAESA (HAE) and its cognate peptide ligand INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA), the key signalling components of abscission, was accelerated in msd2 mutants, suggesting that MSD2 acts upstream of IDA-HAE. Further transcriptome and pharmacological analyses revealed that abscisic acid and nitric oxide facilitate abscission by regulating the expression of IDA and HAE during MSD2-mediated signalling. These results suggest that MSD2-dependent ROS metabolism is an important regulatory point integrating environmental stimuli into the developmental programme leading to abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsu Lee
- Research Institute of Basic SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Korea
- Research Centre for Plant PlasticitySeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Korea
| | - Huize Chen
- Research Institute of Basic SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Korea
- Higher Education Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Environmental Stress Response in Shanxi ProvinceShanxi Normal UniversityTaiyuan030000ShanxiChina
| | - Gisuk Lee
- Department of Biological SciencesKorea Advanced Institute for Science and TechnologyDaejeon34141Korea
| | - Aurélia Emonet
- Department of Plant Molecular BiologyUniversity of Lausanne1015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Sang‐Gyu Kim
- Department of Biological SciencesKorea Advanced Institute for Science and TechnologyDaejeon34141Korea
| | - Donghwan Shim
- Department of Biological SciencesChungnam National UniversityDaejeon34134Korea
| | - Yuree Lee
- Research Centre for Plant PlasticitySeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Korea
- School of Biological SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding InstituteSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Korea
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24
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Liu X, Cheng L, Li R, Cai Y, Wang X, Fu X, Dong X, Qi M, Jiang CZ, Xu T, Li T. The HD-Zip transcription factor SlHB15A regulates abscission by modulating jasmonoyl-isoleucine biosynthesis. Plant Physiol 2022; 189:2396-2412. [PMID: 35522030 PMCID: PMC9342995 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant organ abscission, a process that is important for development and reproductive success, is inhibited by the phytohormone auxin and promoted by another phytohormone, jasmonic acid (JA). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the antagonistic effects of auxin and JA in organ abscission are unknown. We identified a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) class III homeodomain-leucine zipper transcription factor, HOMEOBOX15A (SlHB15A), which was highly expressed in the flower pedicel abscission zone and induced by auxin. Knocking out SlHB15A using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9 technology significantly accelerated abscission. In contrast, overexpression of microRNA166-resistant SlHB15A (mSlHB15A) delayed abscission. RNA sequencing and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analyses showed that knocking out SlHB15A altered the expression of genes related to JA biosynthesis and signaling. Furthermore, functional analysis indicated that SlHB15A regulates abscission by depressing JA-isoleucine (JA-Ile) levels through inhabiting the expression of JASMONATE-RESISTANT1 (SlJAR1), a gene involved in JA-Ile biosynthesis, which could induce abscission-dependent and abscission-independent ethylene signaling. SlHB15A bound directly to the SlJAR1 promoter to silence SlJAR1, thus delaying abscission. We also found that flower removal enhanced JA-Ile content and that application of JA-Ile severely impaired the inhibitory effects of auxin on abscission. These results indicated that SlHB15A mediates the antagonistic effect of auxin and JA-Ile during tomato pedicel abscission, while auxin inhibits abscission through the SlHB15A-SlJAR1 module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Lina Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ruizhen Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yue Cai
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xin Fu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiufen Dong
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Mingfang Qi
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Cai-Zhong Jiang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
- Crops Pathology and Genetic Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Tao Xu
- Author for correspondence: (T.L.), (T.X.)
| | - Tianlai Li
- Author for correspondence: (T.L.), (T.X.)
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25
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Chen WH, Lin PT, Hsu WH, Hsu HF, Li YC, Tsao CW, Hsu MC, Mao WT, Yang CH. Regulatory network for FOREVER YOUNG FLOWER-like genes in regulating Arabidopsis flower senescence and abscission. Commun Biol 2022; 5:662. [PMID: 35790878 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03629-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
FOREVER YOUNG FLOWER (FYF) has been reported to play an important role in regulating flower senescence/abscission. Here, we functionally analyzed five Arabidopsis FYF-like genes, two in the FYF subgroup (FYL1/AGL71 and FYL2/AGL72) and three in the SOC1 subgroup (SOC1/AGL20, AGL19, and AGL14/XAL2), and showed their involvement in the regulation of flower senescence and/or abscission. We demonstrated that in FYF subgroup, FYF has both functions in suppressing flower senescence and abscission, FYL1 only suppresses flower abscission and FYL2 has been converted as an activator to promote flower senescence. In SOC1 subgroup, AGL19/AGL14/SOC1 have only one function in suppressing flower senescence. We also found that FYF-like proteins can form heterotetrameric complexes with different combinations of A/E functional proteins (such as AGL6 and SEP1) and AGL15/18-like proteins to perform their functions. These findings greatly expand the current knowledge behind the multifunctional evolution of FYF-like genes and uncover their regulatory network in plants.
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26
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Guo C, Li X, Zhang Z, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Wen L, Liu C, Deng Z, Chu Y, Liu T, Guo Y. The INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION-LIKE6 Peptide Functions as a Positive Modulator of Leaf Senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:909378. [PMID: 35845701 PMCID: PMC9280484 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.909378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is a highly coordinated process and has a significant impact on agriculture. Plant peptides are known to act as important cell-to-cell communication signals that are involved in multiple biological processes such as development and stress responses. However, very limited number of peptides has been reported to be associated with leaf senescence. Here, we report the characterization of the INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION-LIKE6 (IDL6) peptide as a regulator of leaf senescence. The expression of IDL6 was up-regulated in senescing leaves. Exogenous application of synthetic IDL6 peptides accelerated the process of leaf senescence. The idl6 mutant plants showed delayed natural leaf senescence as well as senescence included by darkness, indicating a regulatory role of IDL6 peptides in leaf senescence. The role of IDL6 as a positive regulator of leaf senescence was further supported by the results of overexpression analysis and complementation test. Transcriptome analysis revealed differential expression of phytohormone-responsive genes in idl6 mutant plants. Further analysis indicated that altered expression of IDL6 led to changes in leaf senescence phenotypes induced by ABA and ethylene treatments. The results from this study suggest that the IDL6 peptide positively regulates leaf senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun Guo
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tobacco Research Institute, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Zenglin Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tobacco Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tobacco Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenbiao Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tobacco Research Institute, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lichao Wen
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tobacco Research Institute, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- QuJing Tobacco Company, Qujing, China
| | - Zhichao Deng
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tobacco Research Institute, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yumeng Chu
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tobacco Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tobacco Research Institute, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongfeng Guo
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tobacco Research Institute, Qingdao, China
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27
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Badola PK, Sharma A, Gautam H, Trivedi PK. MicroRNA858a, its encoded peptide, and phytosulfokine regulate Arabidopsis growth and development. Plant Physiol 2022; 189:1397-1415. [PMID: 35325214 PMCID: PMC9237717 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Small molecules, such as peptides and miRNAs, are crucial regulators of plant growth. Here, we show the importance of cross-talk between miPEP858a (microRNA858a-encoded peptide)/miR858a and phytosulfokine (PSK4) in regulating plant growth and development in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Genome-wide expression analysis suggested modulated expression of PSK4 in miR858a mutants and miR858a-overexpressing (miR858aOX) plants. The silencing of PSK4 in miR858aOX plants compromised growth, whereas overexpression of PSK4 in the miR858a mutant rescued the developmental defects. The exogenous application of synthetic PSK4 further complemented the plant development in mutant plants. Exogenous treatment of synthetic miPEP858a in the PSK4 mutant led to clathrin-mediated internalization of the peptide; however, it did not enhance growth as is the case in wild-type plants. We also demonstrated that MYB3 is an important molecular component participating in the miPEP858a/miR858a-PSK4 module. Finally, our work highlights the signaling between miR858a/miPEP858a-MYB3-PSK4 in modulating the expression of key elements involved in auxin responses, leading to the regulation of growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Himanshi Gautam
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Lucknow 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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28
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Rhodes J, Roman AO, Bjornson M, Brandt B, Derbyshire P, Wyler M, Schmid MW, Menke FLH, Santiago J, Zipfel C. Perception of a conserved family of plant signalling peptides by the receptor kinase HSL3. eLife 2022; 11:74687. [PMID: 35617122 PMCID: PMC9191895 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant genomes encode hundreds of secreted peptides; however, relatively few have been characterised. We report here an uncharacterised, stress-induced family of plant signalling peptides, which we call CTNIPs. Based on the role of the common co-receptor BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1-ASSOCIATED KINASE 1 (BAK1) in CTNIP-induced responses, we identified in Arabidopsis thaliana the orphan receptor kinase HAESA-LIKE 3 (HSL3) as the CTNIP receptor via a proteomics approach. CTNIP binding, ligand-triggered complex formation with BAK1, and induced downstream responses all involve HSL3. Notably, the HSL3-CTNIP signalling module is evolutionarily conserved amongst most extant angiosperms. The identification of this novel signalling module will further shed light on the diverse functions played by plant signalling peptides and will provide insights into receptor-ligand co-evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Rhodes
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Andra-Octavia Roman
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marta Bjornson
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Brandt
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Julia Santiago
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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29
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Zhang L, Yang Y, Mu C, Liu M, Ishida T, Sawa S, Zhu Y, Pi L. Control of Root Stem Cell Differentiation and Lateral Root Emergence by CLE16/17 Peptides in Arabidopsis. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:869888. [PMID: 35519820 PMCID: PMC9062579 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.869888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Secreted peptide-mediated cell-to-cell communication plays a crucial role in the development of multicellular organisms. A large number of secreted peptides have been predicated by bioinformatic approaches in plants. However, only a few of them have been functionally characterized. In this study, we show that two CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-RELATED (CLE) peptides CLE16/17 are required for both stem cell differentiation and lateral root (LR) emergence in Arabidopsis. We further demonstrate that the CLE16/17 peptides act through the CLAVATA1-ARABIDOPSIS CRINKLY4 (CLV1-ACR4) protein kinase complex in columella stem cell (CSC) differentiation, but not in LR emergence. Furthermore, we show that CLE16/17 promote LR emergence probably via activating the expression of HAESA/HAESA-LIKE2 (HAE/HSL2) required for cell wall remodeling. Collectively, our results reveal a CLV1-ACR4-dependent and -independent dual-function of the CLE16/17 peptides in root development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changqing Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Takashi Ishida
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Sawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuxian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Limin Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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30
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Ercoli MF, Luu DD, Rim EY, Shigenaga A, Teixeira de Araujo A Jr, Chern M, Jain R, Ruan R, Joe A, Stewart V, Ronald P. Plant immunity: Rice XA21-mediated resistance to bacterial infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121568119. [PMID: 35131901 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121568119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms plants employ to resist infection were unknown until just a few decades ago. We now understand that plants utilize diverse classes of immune receptors to recognize and respond to pathogenic microbes and pests. This paper describes the development of the plant immunity field, from early studies on the genetics of disease resistance to our increasing knowledge of how plant receptors interact with their microbial ligands, with an emphasis on the rice immune receptor XA21 and its bacterial ligand. In this article, we describe the development of the plant immunity field, starting with efforts to understand the genetic basis for disease resistance, which ∼30 y ago led to the discovery of diverse classes of immune receptors that recognize and respond to infectious microbes. We focus on knowledge gained from studies of the rice XA21 immune receptor that recognizes RaxX (required for activation of XA21 mediated immunity X), a sulfated microbial peptide secreted by the gram-negative bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. XA21 is representative of a large class of plant and animal immune receptors that recognize and respond to conserved microbial molecules. We highlight the complexity of this large class of receptors in plants, discuss a possible role for RaxX in Xanthomonas biology, and draw attention to the important role of sulfotyrosine in mediating receptor–ligand interactions.
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Roman AO, Jimenez-Sandoval P, Augustin S, Broyart C, Hothorn LA, Santiago J. HSL1 and BAM1/2 impact epidermal cell development by sensing distinct signaling peptides. Nat Commun 2022; 13:876. [PMID: 35169143 PMCID: PMC8847575 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28558-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The membrane receptor kinases HAESA and HSL2 recognize a family of IDA/IDL signaling peptides to control cell separation processes in different plant organs. The homologous HSL1 has been reported to regulate epidermal cell patterning by interacting with a different class of signaling peptides from the CLE family. Here we demonstrate that HSL1 binds IDA/IDL peptides with high, and CLE peptides with lower affinity, respectively. Ligand sensing capability and receptor activation of HSL1 require a SERK co-receptor kinase. Crystal structures with IDA/IDLs or with CLE9 reveal that HSL1-SERK1 complex recognizes the entire IDA/IDL signaling peptide, while only parts of CLE9 are bound to the receptor. In contrast, the receptor kinase BAM1 interacts with the entire CLE9 peptide with high affinity and specificity. Furthermore, the receptor tandem BAM1/BAM2 regulates epidermal cell division homeostasis. Consequently, HSL1-IDLs and BAM1/BAM2-CLEs independently regulate cell patterning in the leaf epidermal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andra-Octavia Roman
- The Plant Signaling Mechanisms Laboratory, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Jimenez-Sandoval
- The Plant Signaling Mechanisms Laboratory, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Augustin
- The Plant Signaling Mechanisms Laboratory, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Broyart
- The Plant Signaling Mechanisms Laboratory, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ludwig A Hothorn
- Institute of Biostatistics, Leibniz University, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Santiago
- The Plant Signaling Mechanisms Laboratory, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Ma X, Ying P, He Z, Wu H, Li J, Zhao M. The LcKNAT1-LcEIL2/3 Regulatory Module Is Involved in Fruitlet Abscission in Litchi. Front Plant Sci 2022; 12:802016. [PMID: 35126427 PMCID: PMC8813966 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.802016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Large and premature organ abscission may limit the industrial development of fruit crops by causing serious economic losses. It is well accepted that ethylene (ET) is a strong inducer of organ abscission in plants. However, the mechanisms underlying the control of organ abscission by ET are largely unknown. We previously revealed that LcKNAT1, a KNOTTED-LIKE FROM ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA1 (KNAT1)-like protein, acted as a negative regulator in control of fruitlet abscission through suppressing the expression of ET biosynthetic genes in litchi. In this study, we further reported that LcKNAT1 could also directly repress the transcription of LcEIL2 and LcEIL3, two ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3-like (EIL) homologs in litchi, which functioned as positive regulators in ET-activated fruitlet abscission by directly promoting the expression of genes responsible for ET biosynthesis and cell wall degradation. The expression level of LcKNAT1 was downregulated, while LcEIL2/3 was upregulated at the abscission zone (AZ) accompanying the fruitlet abscission in litchi. The results of electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) and transient expression showed that LcKNAT1 could directly bind to the promoters of LcEIL2 and LcEIL3 and repress their expression. Furthermore, the genetic cross demonstrated that the β-glucuronidase (GUS) expression driven by the promoters of LcEIL2 or LcEIL3 at the floral AZ was obviously suppressed by LcKNAT1 under stable transformation in Arabidopsis. Taken together, our findings suggest that the LcKNAT1-LcEIL2/3 regulatory module is likely involved in the fruitlet abscission in litchi, and we propose that LcKNAT1 could suppress both ET biosynthesis and signaling to regulate litchi fruit abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingshuai Ma
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China at Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiyuan Ying
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China at Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zidi He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China at Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China at Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China at Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minglei Zhao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China at Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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33
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Cui Y, Lu X, Gou X. Receptor-like protein kinases in plant reproduction: Current understanding and future perspectives. Plant Commun 2022; 3:100273. [PMID: 35059634 PMCID: PMC8760141 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Reproduction is a crucial process in the life span of flowering plants, and directly affects human basic requirements in agriculture, such as grain yield and quality. Typical receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs) are a large family of membrane proteins sensing extracellular signals to regulate plant growth, development, and stress responses. In Arabidopsis thaliana and other plant species, RLK-mediated signaling pathways play essential roles in regulating the reproductive process by sensing different ligand signals. Molecular understanding of the reproductive process is vital from the perspective of controlling male and female fertility. Here, we summarize the roles of RLKs during plant reproduction at the genetic and molecular levels, including RLK-mediated floral organ development, ovule and anther development, and embryogenesis. In addition, the possible molecular regulatory patterns of those RLKs with unrevealed mechanisms during reproductive development are discussed. We also point out the thought-provoking questions raised by the research on these plant RLKs during reproduction for future investigation.
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Ma X, Li C, Yuan Y, Zhao M, Li J. Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase genes LcXTH4/7/19 are involved in fruitlet abscission and are activated by LcEIL2/3 in litchi. Physiol Plant 2021; 173:1136-1146. [PMID: 34302699 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organ abscission in plants requires the hydrolysis of cell wall components, mainly including celluloses, pectins, and xyloglucans. However, how the genes that encode those hydrolytic enzymes are regulated and their function in abscission remains unclear. Previously we revealed that two cellulase genes LcCEL2/8 and two polygalacturonase genes LcPG1/2 were responsible for the degradation of celluloses and pectins, respectively, during fruitlet abscission in litchi. Here, we further identified three xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase genes (LcXTH4, LcXTH7, LcXTH19) that are also involved in this process. Nineteen LcXTHs, named LcXTH1-19, were identified in the litchi genome. Transcriptome data and qRT-PCR confirmed that LcXTH4/7/19 were significantly induced at the abscission zone (AZ) during fruitlet abscission in litchi. The GUS reporter driven by each promoter of LcXTH4/7/19 was specifically expressed at the floral abscission zone of Arabidopsis, and importantly ectopic expression of LcXTH19 in Arabidopsis resulted in precocious floral organ abscission. Moreover, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and dual-luciferase reporter analysis showed that the expression of LcXTH4/7/19 could be directly activated by two ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3-like (EIL) transcription factors LcEIL2/3. Collectively, we propose that LcXTH4/7/19 are involved in fruitlet abscission, and LcEIL2/3-mediated transcriptional regulation of diverse cell wall hydrolytic genes is responsible for this process in litchi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingshuai Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caiqin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minglei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Abstract
Plants have evolved diverse peptide hormones and cognate receptors to orchestrate plant growth and development. Secreted peptide ligands are mainly sensed by membrane receptor kinases that mediate cell-cell communication. The secreted peptides are categorized into two groups: small linear post-translationally modified peptides and cysteine-rich peptides. The small linear peptides are recognized by the corresponding receptors and co-receptors in a conserved manner. By contrast, the cysteine-rich peptides are perceived by various types of receptor proteins using diverse binding modes. Recent studies have revealed the molecular and mechanistic origins of peptide recognition and receptor activation. This review summarizes plant-peptide binding modes and receptor-activation mechanisms that have been structurally characterized in recent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satohiro Okuda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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36
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Abstract
Plant plasma membrane-resident immune receptors regulate plant immunity by recognizing microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and phytocytokines. Phytocytokines are plant endogenous peptides, which are usually produced in the cytosol and released into the apoplast when plant encounters pathogen infections. Phytocytokines regulate plant immunity through activating an overlapping signaling pathway with MAMPs/DAMPs with some unique features. Here, we highlight the current understanding of phytocytokine production, perception and functions in plant immunity, and discuss how plants and pathogens manipulate phytocytokine signaling for their own benefits during the plant-pathogen warfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguo Hou
- School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Derui Liu
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Ping He
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
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Kim JS, Jeon BW, Kim J. Signaling Peptides Regulating Abiotic Stress Responses in Plants. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:704490. [PMID: 34349774 PMCID: PMC8326967 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.704490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants are exposed to constantly changing environments that are often stressful for their growth and development. To cope with these stresses, plants have evolved complex and sophisticated stress-responsive signaling pathways regulating the expression of transcription factors and biosynthesis of osmolytes that confer tolerance to plants. Signaling peptides acting like phytohormones control various aspects of plant growth and development via cell-cell communication networks. These peptides are typically recognized by membrane-embedded receptor-like kinases, inducing activation of cellular signaling to control plant growth and development. Recent studies have revealed that several signaling peptides play important roles in plant responses to abiotic stress. In this mini review, we provide recent findings on the roles and signaling pathways of peptides that are involved in coordinating plant responses to abiotic stresses, such as dehydration, high salinity, reactive oxygen species, and heat. We also discuss recent developments in signaling peptides that play a role in plant adaptation responses to nutrient deficiency stress, focusing on nitrogen and phosphate deficiency responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sun Kim
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Byeong Wook Jeon
- Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jungmook Kim
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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38
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Meng F, Zhao H, Zhu B, Zhang T, Yang M, Li Y, Han Y, Jiang J. Genomic editing of intronic enhancers unveils their role in fine-tuning tissue-specific gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell 2021; 33:1997-2014. [PMID: 33764459 PMCID: PMC8290289 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Enhancers located in introns are abundant and play a major role in the regulation of gene expression in mammalian species. By contrast, the functions of intronic enhancers in plants have largely been unexplored and only a handful of plant intronic enhancers have been reported. We performed a genome-wide prediction of intronic enhancers in Arabidopsis thaliana using open chromatin signatures based on DNase I sequencing. We identified 941 candidate intronic enhancers associated with 806 genes in seedling tissue and 1,271 intronic enhancers associated with 1,069 genes in floral tissue. We validated the function of 15 of 21 (71%) of the predicted intronic enhancers in transgenic assays using a reporter gene. We also created deletion lines of three intronic enhancers associated with two different genes using CRISPR/Cas. Deletion of these enhancers, which span key transcription factor binding sites, did not abolish gene expression but caused varying levels of transcriptional repression of their cognate genes. Remarkably, the transcriptional repression of the deletion lines occurred at specific developmental stages and resulted in distinct phenotypic effects on plant morphology and development. Clearly, these three intronic enhancers are important in fine-tuning tissue- and development-specific expression of their cognate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanli Meng
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Hainan Zhao
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Bo Zhu
- Department of Biological Science, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610101, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Mingyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yingpeng Han
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jiming Jiang
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Michigan State University AgBioResearch, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Author for correspondence:
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Furumizu C, Krabberød AK, Hammerstad M, Alling RM, Wildhagen M, Sawa S, Aalen RB. The sequenced genomes of non-flowering land plants reveal the innovative evolutionary history of peptide signaling. Plant Cell 2021; 33:2915-2934. [PMID: 34240188 PMCID: PMC8462819 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An understanding of land plant evolution is a prerequisite for in-depth knowledge of plant biology. Here we extract and explore information hidden in the increasing number of sequenced plant genomes, from bryophytes to angiosperms, to elucidate a specific biological question - how peptide signaling evolved. To conquer land and cope with changing environmental conditions, plants have gone through transformations that must have required innovations in cell-to-cell communication. We discuss peptides mediating endogenous and exogenous changes by interaction with receptors activating intracellular molecular signaling. Signaling peptides were discovered in angiosperms and operate in tissues and organs such as flowers, seeds, vasculature, and 3D meristems that are not universally conserved across land plants. Nevertheless, orthologs of angiosperm peptides and receptors have been identified in non-angiosperms. These discoveries provoke questions regarding co-evolution of ligands and their receptors, and whether de novo interactions in peptide signaling pathways may have contributed to generate novel traits in land plants. The answers to such questions will have profound implications for the understanding of the evolution of cell-to-cell communication and the wealth of diversified terrestrial plants. Under this perspective we have generated, analyzed, and reviewed phylogenetic, genomic, structural, and functional data to elucidate the evolution of peptide signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Furumizu
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Anders K Krabberød
- Section for Evolutionary Biology and Genetics, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Marta Hammerstad
- Section for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Renate M Alling
- Section for Evolutionary Biology and Genetics, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari Wildhagen
- Section for Evolutionary Biology and Genetics, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Shinichiro Sawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Reidunn B Aalen
- Section for Evolutionary Biology and Genetics, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Norway
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Li R, Shi CL, Wang X, Meng Y, Cheng L, Jiang CZ, Qi M, Xu T, Li T. Inflorescence abscission protein SlIDL6 promotes low light intensity-induced tomato flower abscission. Plant Physiol 2021; 186:1288-1301. [PMID: 33711162 PMCID: PMC8195514 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In many fruiting plant species, flower abscission is induced by low light stress. Here, we elucidated how signaling mediated by the peptide INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA) controls low light-induced flower drop in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). We analyzed the expression patterns of an IDA-Like gene (SlIDL6) during low light-induced flower abscission, and used tandem mass spectrometry to identify and characterize the mature SlIDL6 peptide. Tomato knockout lines were created to investigate the in vivo function of SlIDL6. In addition, yeast one-hybrid assays were used to investigate the binding of the SlWRKY17 transcription factor to the SlIDL6 promoter, and silencing of SlWRKY17 expression delayed low light-induced flower abscission. SlIDL6 was specifically expressed in the abscission zone and at high levels during low light-induced abscission and ethylene treatment. SlIDL6 knockout lines showed delayed low light-induced flower drop, and the application of SlIDL6 peptide accelerated abscission. Overexpression of SlIDL6 rescued the ida mutant phenotype in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), suggesting functional conservation between species. SlIDL6-mediated abscission was via an ethylene-independent pathway. We report a SlWRKY17-SlIDL6 regulatory module that functions in low light promoted abscission by increasing the expression of enzymes involved in cell wall remodeling and disassembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhen Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chun-Lin Shi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yan Meng
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lina Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Cai-Zhong Jiang
- Crops Pathology and Genetic Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, California 95616, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, California 95616, USA
| | - Mingfang Qi
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Tao Xu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Author for communication:
| | - Tianlai Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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Ventimilla D, Velázquez K, Ruiz-Ruiz S, Terol J, Pérez-Amador MA, Vives MC, Guerri J, Talon M, Tadeo FR. IDA (INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION)-like peptides and HAE (HAESA)-like receptors regulate corolla abscission in Nicotiana benthamiana flowers. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:226. [PMID: 34020584 PMCID: PMC8139003 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02994-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abscission is an active, organized, and highly coordinated cell separation process enabling the detachment of aerial organs through the modification of cell-to-cell adhesion and breakdown of cell walls at specific sites on the plant body known as abscission zones. In Arabidopsis thaliana, abscission of floral organs and cauline leaves is regulated by the interaction of the hormonal peptide INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA), a pair of redundant receptor-like protein kinases, HAESA (HAE) and HAESA-LIKE2 (HSL2), and SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE (SERK) co-receptors. However, the functionality of this abscission signaling module has not yet been demonstrated in other plant species. RESULTS The expression of the pair of NbenIDA1 homeologs and the receptor NbenHAE.1 was supressed at the base of the corolla tube by the inoculation of two virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) constructs in Nicotiana benthamiana. These gene suppression events arrested corolla abscission but did not produce any obvious effect on plant growth. VIGS plants retained a higher number of corollas attached to the flowers than control plants, an observation related to a greater corolla breakstrength. The arrest of corolla abscission was associated with the preservation of the parenchyma tissue at the base of the corolla tube that, in contrast, was virtually collapsed in normal corollas. In contrast, the inoculation of a viral vector construct that increased the expression of NbenIDA1A at the base of the corolla tube negatively affected the growth of the inoculated plants accelerating the timing of both corolla senescence and abscission. However, the heterologous ectopic overexpression of citrus CitIDA3 and Arabidopsis AtIDA in N. benthamiana did not alter the standard plant phenotype suggesting that the proteolytic processing machinery was unable to yield active peptides. CONCLUSION Here, we demonstrate that the pair of NbenIDA1 homeologs encoding small peptides of the IDA-like family and the receptor NbenHAE.1 control cellular breakdown at the base of the corolla tube awhere an adventitious AZ should be formed and, therefore, corolla abscission in N. benthamiana flowers. Altogether, our results provide the first evidence supporting the notion that the IDA-HAE/HSL2 signaling module is conserved in angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ventimilla
- Centro de Genómica - Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Karelia Velázquez
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Susana Ruiz-Ruiz
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Terol
- Centro de Genómica - Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Pérez-Amador
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia. CPI Ed. 8E, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mª. Carmen Vives
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Guerri
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Talon
- Centro de Genómica - Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco R. Tadeo
- Centro de Genómica - Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain
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Hussain S, Wang W, Ahmed S, Wang X, Adnan, Cheng Y, Wang C, Wang Y, Zhang N, Tian H, Chen S, Hu X, Wang T, Wang S. PIP2, An Auxin Induced Plant Peptide Hormone Regulates Root and Hypocotyl Elongation in Arabidopsis. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:646736. [PMID: 34054893 PMCID: PMC8161498 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.646736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Auxin is one of the traditional plant hormones, whereas peptide hormones are peptides with hormone activities. Both auxin and plant peptide hormones regulate multiple aspects of plant growth and development, and there are cross-talks between auxin and plant peptide hormones. PAMP-INDUCED SECRETED PEPTIDES (PIPs) and PIP-LIKEs (PIPLs) are a new family of plant peptide hormone, and PIPL3/TARGET OF LBD SIXTEEN 2 (TOLS2) has been shown to regulate lateral root formation in Arabidopsis. We report here the identification of PIP2 as an auxin response gene, and we found it plays a role in regulating root and hypocotyl development in Arabidopsis. By using quantitative RT-PCR, we found that the expression of PIP2 but not PIP1 and PIP3 was induced by auxin, and auxin induced expression of PIP2 was reduced in nph4-1 and arf19-4, the lost-of-function mutants of Auxin Response Factor 7 (ARF7) and ARF19, respectively. By generating and characterizing overexpressing transgenic lines and gene edited mutants for PIP2, we found that root length in the PIP2 overexpression plant seedlings was slightly shorter when compared with that in the Col wild type plants, but root length of the pip2 mutant seedlings remained largely unchanged. For comparison, we also generated overexpressing transgenic lines and gene edited mutants for PIP3, as well as pip2 pip3 double mutants. Surprisingly, we found that root length in the PIP3 overexpression plant seedlings is shorter than that of the PIP2 overexpression plant seedlings, and the pip3 mutant seedlings also produced short roots. However, root length in the pip2 pip3 double mutant seedlings is largely similar to that in the pip3 single mutant seedlings. On the other hand, hypocotyl elongation assays indicate that only the 35S:PIP2 transgenic plant seedlings produced longer hypocotyls when compared with the Col wild type seedlings. Further analysis indicates that PIP2 promotes cell division as well as cell elongation in hypocotyls. Taken together, our results suggest that PIP2 is an auxin response gene, and PIP2 plays a role in regulating root and hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis likely via regulating cell division and cell elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saddam Hussain
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Sajjad Ahmed
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xutong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Adnan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuxin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yating Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Hainan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaojun Hu
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Tianya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Shucai Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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Abstract
Flower organ abscission in Arabidopsis is regulated by a peptide hormone that is released from its precursor by a network of redundant subtilases. An exciting new study describes how drought-induced flower abscission in tomato is regulated similarly, but distinctly via a single, different subtilase that releases a very different peptide hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Schuster
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Renier A L van der Hoorn
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK.
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Ma X, Yuan Y, Li C, Wu Q, He Z, Li J, Zhao M. Brassinosteroids suppress ethylene-induced fruitlet abscission through LcBZR1/2-mediated transcriptional repression of LcACS1/4 and LcACO2/3 in litchi. Hortic Res 2021; 8:105. [PMID: 33931615 PMCID: PMC8087802 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00540-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Abscission in plants is tightly controlled by multiple phytohormones and the expression of various genes. However, whether the plant hormone brassinosteroids (BRs) are involved in this process is largely unknown. Here, we found that exogenous application of BRs reduced the ethylene-induced fruitlet abscission of litchi due to lower ethylene (ET) production and suppressed the expression of the ethylene biosynthetic genes LcACS1/4 and LcACO2/3 in the fruitlet abscission zone (FAZ). Two genes that encode the BR core signaling components brassinazole resistant (BZR) proteins, namely, LcBZR1 and LcBZR2, were characterized. LcBZR1/2 were localized to the nucleus and acted as transcription repressors. Interestingly, the LcBZR1/2 transcript levels were not changed during ET-induced fruitlet abscission, while their expression levels were significantly increased after BR application. Moreover, gel shift and transient expression assays indicated that LcBZR1/2 could suppress the transcription of LcACS1/4 and LcACO2/3 by specifically binding to their promoters. Importantly, ectopic expression of LcBZR1/2 in Arabidopsis significantly delayed floral organ abscission and suppressed ethylene biosynthesis. Collectively, our results suggest that BRs suppress ET-induced fruitlet abscission through LcBZR1/2-controlled expression of genes related to ethylene biosynthesis in litchi. In addition, similar results were observed in the Arabidopsis gain-of-function mutant bzr1-1D, which showed delayed floral organ abscission in parallel with lower expression of ACS/ACO genes and reduced ethylene production, suggesting that the mechanism of BZR-controlled organ abscission via regulation of ethylene biosynthesis might be conserved in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingshuai Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caiqin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zidi He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Minglei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China.
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of South China Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China.
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Wang R, Li R, Cheng L, Wang X, Fu X, Dong X, Qi M, Jiang C, Xu T, Li T. SlERF52 regulates SlTIP1;1 expression to accelerate tomato pedicel abscission. Plant Physiol 2021; 185:1829-1846. [PMID: 33638643 PMCID: PMC8133580 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Abscission of plant organs is induced by developmental signals and diverse environmental stimuli and involves multiple regulatory networks, including biotic or abiotic stress-impaired auxin flux in the abscission zone (AZ). Depletion of auxin activates AZ ethylene (ETH) production and triggers acceleration of abscission, a process that requires hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). However, the interaction between these networks and the underlying mechanisms that control abscission are poorly understood. Here, we found that expression of tonoplast intrinsic proteins, which belong to the aquaporin (AQP) family in the AZ was important for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) pedicel abscission. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and in situ hybridization revealed that SlTIP1;1 was most abundant and specifically present in the tomato pedicel AZ. SlTIP1;1 localized in the plasma membrane and tonoplast. Knockout of SlTIP1;1 resulted in delayed abscission, whereas overexpression of SlTIP1;1 accelerated abscission. Further analysis indicated that SlTIP1;1 mediated abscission via gating of cytoplasmic H2O2 concentrations and osmotic water permeability (Pf). Elevated cytoplasmic levels of H2O2 caused a suppressed auxin signal in the early abscission stage and enhanced ETH production during abscission. Furthermore, we found that increasing Pf was required to enhance the turgor pressure to supply the break force for AZ cell separation. Moreover, we observed that SlERF52 bound directly to the SlTIP1;1 promoter to regulate its expression, demonstrating a positive loop in which cytoplasmic H2O2 activates ETH production, which activates SlERF52. This, in turn, induces SlTIP1;1, which leads to elevated cytoplasmic H2O2 and water influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ruizhen Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lina Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xin Fu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiufen Dong
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Mingfang Qi
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Caizhong Jiang
- Crops Pathology and Genetic Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture Research Service, California, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, California, USA
| | - Tao Xu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Author for communication:
| | - Tianlai Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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Chen WH, Jiang ZY, Hsu HF, Yang CH. Silencing of FOREVER YOUNG FLOWER-Like Genes from Phalaenopsis Orchids Promotes Flower Senescence and Abscission. Plant Cell Physiol 2021; 62:111-124. [PMID: 33237274 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ectopic expression of FOREVER YOUNG FLOWER (FYF) delays floral senescence and abscission in transgenic Arabidopsis. To analyze the FYF function in Phalaenopsis orchids, two FYF-like genes (PaFYF1/2) were identified. PaFYF1/2 were highly expressed in young Phalaenopsis flowers, and their expression decreased significantly afterward until flower senescence. This pattern was strongly correlated with the process of flower senescence and revealed that PaFYF1/2 function to suppress senescence/abscission during early flower development. Interestingly, in flowers, PaFYF1 was consistently expressed less in petals than in lips/sepals, whereas PaFYF2 was expressed relatively evenly in all flower organs. This difference suggests a regulatory modification of the functions of PaFYF1 and PaFYF2 during Phalaenopsis flower evolution. Delayed flower senescence and abscission, which were unaffected by ethylene treatment, were observed in 35S::PaFYF1/2 and 35S::PaFYF1/2 + SRDX transgenic Arabidopsis plants due to the downregulation of the ethylene signaling and abscission-associated genes EDF1-4, IDA and BOP1/2. These results suggest a possible repressor role for Phalaenopsis PaFYF1/2 in controlling floral senescence/abscission by suppressing ethylene signaling and abscission-associated genes. To further validate the function of PaFYF1/2, PaFYF1/2-VIGS (virus-induced gene silencing) Phalaenopsis were generated and analyzed. Promotion of senescence and abscission was observed in PaFYF1/2-VIGS Phalaenopsis flowers by the upregulation of PeEDF1/2, PeSAG39 and PeBOP1/2 expression, the early occurrence of greening according to their increased chlorophyll content and the reduction in water content in flower organs. Our results support that PaFYF1/2 function as transcriptional repressors to prohibit flower senescence and abscission in Phalaenopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Han Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Yi Jiang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Fun Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hsien Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
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47
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Abstract
In plant-pathogen interactions, pathogens employ secreted molecules, known as effectors to overcome physical barriers, modulate plant immunity, and facilitate colonization. Among these diverse effectors, some are found to mimic the plant peptides, to target host's peptide receptors, and intervene in the peptide-regulated defense pathways and/or plant development. To better understand how pathogens have co-evolved with their plant hosts in order to improve disease management, we explored the presence of plant peptide mimics in microbes by bioinformatic analysis. In total, 36 novel peptide mimics belong to five plant peptide families were detected in bacterial and fungal kingdoms. Among them, phytosulfokine homologues were widely distributed in 22 phytopathogens and one bacterium, thereby constituted the largest proportion of the identified mimics. The putative functional peptide region is well conserved between plant and microbes, while the existence of a putative signal peptide varies between species. Our findings will increase understanding of plant-pathogen interactions, and provide new ideas for future studies of pathogenic mechanisms and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yuan
- Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Chihiro Furumizu
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Baolong Zhang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Shinichiro Sawa
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
- E-mail: Tel & Fax: +81-96-342-3439
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48
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Rai AC, Halon E, Zemach H, Zviran T, Sisai I, Philosoph-Hadas S, Meir S, Cohen Y, Irihimovitch V. Characterization of Two Ethephon-Induced IDA-Like Genes from Mango, and Elucidation of Their Involvement in Regulating Organ Abscission. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:439. [PMID: 33808710 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In mango (Mangifera indica L.), fruitlet abscission limits productivity. The INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA) peptide acts as a key component controlling abscission events in Arabidopsis. IDA-like peptides may assume similar roles in fruit trees. In this study, we isolated two mango IDA-like encoding-genes, MiIDA1 and MiIDA2. We used mango fruitlet-bearing explants and fruitlet-bearing trees, in which fruitlets abscission was induced using ethephon. We monitored the expression profiles of the two MiIDA-like genes in control and treated fruitlet abscission zones (AZs). In both systems, qRT-PCR showed that, within 24 h, both MiIDA-like genes were induced by ethephon, and that changes in their expression profiles were associated with upregulation of different ethylene signaling-related and cell-wall modifying genes. Furthermore, ectopic expression of both genes in Arabidopsis promoted floral-organ abscission, and was accompanied by an early increase in the cytosolic pH of floral AZ cells-a phenomenon known to be linked with abscission, and by activation of cell separation in vestigial AZs. Finally, overexpression of both genes in an Atida mutant restored its abscission ability. Our results suggest roles for MiIDA1 and MiIDA2 in affecting mango fruitlet abscission. Based on our results, we propose new possible modes of action for IDA-like proteins in regulating organ abscission.
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Wilmowicz E, Kućko A, Pokora W, Kapusta M, Jasieniecka-Gazarkiewicz K, Tranbarger TJ, Wolska M, Panek K. EPIP-Evoked Modifications of Redox, Lipid, and Pectin Homeostasis in the Abscission Zone of Lupine Flowers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3001. [PMID: 33809409 PMCID: PMC7999084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow lupine is a great model for abscission-related research given that excessive flower abortion reduces its yield. It has been previously shown that the EPIP peptide, a fragment of LlIDL (INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION) amino-acid sequence, is a sufficient molecule to induce flower abortion, however, the question remains: What are the exact changes evoked by this peptide locally in abscission zone (AZ) cells? Therefore, we used EPIP peptide to monitor specific modifications accompanied by early steps of flower abscission directly in the AZ. EPIP stimulates the downstream elements of the pathway-HAESA and MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE6 and induces cellular symptoms indicating AZ activation. The EPIP treatment disrupts redox homeostasis, involving the accumulation of H2O2 and upregulation of the enzymatic antioxidant system including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase. A weakening of the cell wall structure in response to EPIP is reflected by pectin demethylation, while a changing pattern of fatty acids and acyl lipids composition suggests a modification of lipid metabolism. Notably, the formation of a signaling molecule-phosphatidic acid is induced locally in EPIP-treated AZ. Collectively, all these changes indicate the switching of several metabolic and signaling pathways directly in the AZ in response to EPIP, which inevitably leads to flower abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Wilmowicz
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.W.); (K.P.)
| | - Agata Kućko
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159 Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Pokora
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk, 59 Wita Stwosza, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Kapusta
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, University of Gdańsk, 59 Wita Stwosza, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | | | - Timothy John Tranbarger
- UMR DIADE, IRD Centre de Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 CEDEX 5 Montpellier, France;
| | - Magdalena Wolska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.W.); (K.P.)
| | - Katarzyna Panek
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.W.); (K.P.)
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50
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Fooyontphanich K, Morcillo F, Joët T, Dussert S, Serret J, Collin M, Amblard P, Tangphatsornruang S, Roongsattham P, Jantasuriyarat C, Verdeil JL, Tranbarger TJ. Multi-scale comparative transcriptome analysis reveals key genes and metabolic reprogramming processes associated with oil palm fruit abscission. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:92. [PMID: 33573592 PMCID: PMC7879690 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02874-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruit abscission depends on cell separation that occurs within specialized cell layers that constitute an abscission zone (AZ). To determine the mechanisms of fleshy fruit abscission of the monocot oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) compared with other abscission systems, we performed multi-scale comparative transcriptome analyses on fruit targeting the developing primary AZ and adjacent tissues. RESULTS Combining between-tissue developmental comparisons with exogenous ethylene treatments, and naturally occurring abscission in the field, RNAseq analysis revealed a robust core set of 168 genes with differentially regulated expression, spatially associated with the ripe fruit AZ, and temporally restricted to the abscission timing. The expression of a set of candidate genes was validated by qRT-PCR in the fruit AZ of a natural oil palm variant with blocked fruit abscission, which provides evidence for their functions during abscission. Our results substantiate the conservation of gene function between dicot dry fruit dehiscence and monocot fleshy fruit abscission. The study also revealed major metabolic transitions occur in the AZ during abscission, including key senescence marker genes and transcriptional regulators, in addition to genes involved in nutrient recycling and reallocation, alternative routes for energy supply and adaptation to oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS The study provides the first reference transcriptome of a monocot fleshy fruit abscission zone and provides insight into the mechanisms underlying abscission by identifying key genes with functional roles and processes, including metabolic transitions, cell wall modifications, signalling, stress adaptations and transcriptional regulation, that occur during ripe fruit abscission of the monocot oil palm. The transcriptome data comprises an original reference and resource useful towards understanding the evolutionary basis of this fundamental plant process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Fooyontphanich
- UMR DIADE, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, IRD Centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
- Grow A Green Co, Ltd. 556 Maha Chakraphat Rd. Namaung, Chachoengsao, Chachoengsao Province, 24000, Thailand
| | - Fabienne Morcillo
- UMR DIADE, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, IRD Centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, DIADE, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Joët
- UMR DIADE, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, IRD Centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphane Dussert
- UMR DIADE, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, IRD Centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Serret
- UMR DIADE, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, IRD Centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
| | - Myriam Collin
- UMR DIADE, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, IRD Centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Sithichoke Tangphatsornruang
- National Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Peerapat Roongsattham
- UMR DIADE, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, IRD Centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University Bangkhen Campus, 50 Phahonyothin Road Jatujak, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chatchawan Jantasuriyarat
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University Bangkhen Campus, 50 Phahonyothin Road Jatujak, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jean-Luc Verdeil
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Timothy J Tranbarger
- UMR DIADE, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, IRD Centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France.
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