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Feinberg BA, Zettler ME, Klink AJ, Lee CH, Gajra A, Kish JK. Comparison of Solid Tumor Treatment Response Observed in Clinical Practice With Response Reported in Clinical Trials. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2036741. [PMID: 33630085 PMCID: PMC7907955 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.36741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE In clinical trials supporting the regulatory approval of oncology drugs, solid tumor response is assessed using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). Calculation of RECIST-based responses requires sequential, timed imaging data, which presents challenges to the method's application in real-world evidence research. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility and validity of a novel real-world RECIST method in assessing tumor burden associated with therapy for a large heterogeneous patient population undergoing treatment in routine clinical practice. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study used physician-abstracted data pooled from retrospective, multisite electronic health record (EHR) review studies of patients treated with anticancer drugs at US oncology practices from 2014 through 2017. Included patients were receiving first-line treatment for thyroid cancer, breast cancer, or metastatic melanoma. Data were analyzed from March through August 2020. EXPOSURES Undergoing treatment with immunotherapy or targeted therapy. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Tumor response was classified according to RECIST guidelines (ie, change in sum diameter of target lesions) post hoc with measurements derived from imaging scans and reports. RESULTS Among 1308 completed electronic case report forms, 956 forms (73.1%) had adequate data to classify real-world RECIST response. The greatest difference between physician-recorded responses and real-world RECIST-based responses was found in the proportion of complete responses: 118 responses (12.3%) vs 46 responses (4.8%) (P < .001). Among 609 patients in the metastatic melanoma population, complete responses were reported in 112 physician-recorded responses (18.4%) vs 44 real-world RECIST-based responses (7.2%) (P < .001), compared with 11 of 247 responses (4.5%) to 31 of 192 responses (16.1%) across pivotal trials of the same melanoma therapies. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings suggest that comparing tumor lesion sizes and categorizing treatment response according to RECIST guidelines may be feasible using real-world data. This study found that physician-recorded assessments were associated with overestimation of treatment response, with the largest overestimation among complete responses. Real-world RECIST-based assessments were associated with better approximations of tumor response reported in clinical trials compared with those reported in EHRs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Choo H Lee
- Cardinal Health Specialty Solutions, Dublin, Ohio
| | - Ajeet Gajra
- Cardinal Health Specialty Solutions, Dublin, Ohio
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Zhang J, Zhang Y, Tang S, Liang H, Chen D, Jiang L, He Q, Huang Y, Wang X, Deng K, Jiang S, Zhou J, Xu J, Chen X, Liang W, He J. Evaluation bias in objective response rate and disease control rate between blinded independent central review and local assessment: a study-level pooled analysis of phase III randomized control trials in the past seven years. Ann Transl Med 2017; 5:481. [PMID: 29299443 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2017.11.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background In previous studies, complete-case implementation of blind independent central review has been considered unnecessary based on no sign of systematic bias between central and local assessments. In order to further evaluate its value, this study investigated evaluation status between both assessments in phase III trials of anti-cancer drugs for non-hematologic solid tumors. Methods Eligible trials were searched in PubMed with the date of Jan 1, 2010 to Jun 30, 2017. We compared objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) between central and local assessments by study-level pooled analysis and correlation analysis. In pooled analysis, direct comparison was measured by the odds ratio (OR) of central-assessed response status to local-assessed response status; to investigate evaluation bias between central and local assessments, the above calculated OR between experimental (exp-) and control (con-) arms were compared, measured by the ratio of OR. Results A total of 28 included trials involving 17,466 patients were included (28 with ORR, 16 with DCR). Pooled analysis showed central assessment reported lower ORR and DCR than local assessment, especially in trials with open-label design, central-assessed primary endpoint, and positive primary endpoint outcome, respectively. However, this finding could be found in both experimental [exp-ORR: OR=0.81 (95% CI: 0.76-0.87), P<0.01, I2=11%; exp-DCR: OR=0.90 (0.81-1.01), P=0.07, I2=42%] and control arms [con-ORR: OR=0.79 (0.72-0.85), P<0.01, I2=17%; con-DCR: OR=0.94 (0.86-1.02), P=0.14, I2=12%]. No sign of evaluation bias between two assessments was indicated through further analysis [ORR: ratio of OR=1.02 (0.97-1.07), P=0.42, I2=0%; DCR: ratio of OR=0.98 (0.93-1.03), P=0.37, I2=0%], regardless of mask (open/blind), sample size, tumor type, primary endpoint (central-assessed/local-assessed), and primary endpoint outcome (positive/negative). Correlation analysis demonstrated a high-degree concordance between central and local assessments (exp-ORR, con-ORR, exp-DCR, con-DCR: r>0.90, P<0.01). Conclusions Blind independent central review remained irreplaceable to monitor local assessment, but its complete-case implementation may be unnecessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China.,National Clinical Research Centre of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China.,George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Yiyin Zhang
- Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China.,Department of Pancreatic Surgery/Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shiyan Tang
- Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hengrui Liang
- Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Difei Chen
- Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Long Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China.,National Clinical Research Centre of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Qihua He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China.,National Clinical Research Centre of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Kexin Deng
- Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Shuhan Jiang
- Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Jiaqing Zhou
- Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Jiaxuan Xu
- Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Xuanzuo Chen
- Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Wenhua Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China.,National Clinical Research Centre of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jianxing He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China.,National Clinical Research Centre of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China
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Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that the multifunctional Homeobox-containing (HOX) D3 gene is involved in various physiological and pathological processes. To elucidate the role and mechanism of HOXD3 in colorectal cancer (CRC), we measured its expression in five CRC cell lines. After determining that HOXD3 was highly expressed in the human RKO cancer cell line, we used lentiviral-mediated small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to knock down HOXD3 expression and assessed proliferation, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis and colony formation using cell proliferation, flow cytometric, and colony formation assays. The expression of HOXD3 was strongly suppressed in the RKO cells infected with the lentiviruse expressing an HOXD3 short hairpin RNA (shRNA). The downregulation of HOXD3 expression in RKO cells significantly decreased proliferation and colony formation, and increased apoptosis in vitro, compared to the cells infected with the mock control (p<0.01). Moreover, specific downregulation of HOXD3 led to the accumulation of cells at the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Our findings revealed that the HOXD3 gene promotes CRC cell growth and plays a pivotal role in the development and survival of malignant human colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjun Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Guoping Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Anqing Municipal Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anqing, Anhui 246003, P.R. China
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Yin H, Yan Z, Liang Y, Liu B, Su Q. Knockdown of protein phosphatase magnesium-dependent 1 (PPM1D) through lentivirus-mediated RNA silencing inhibits colorectal carcinoma cell proliferation. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2013; 12:537-43. [PMID: 23745790 DOI: 10.7785/tcrt.2012.500349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. Protein phosphatase magnesium-dependent 1 d (PPM1D) is aberrantly upregulated in many human carcinoma cells, and recent research has suggested that it could be a potential therapeutic target of cancer. However, the function of PPM1D in colorectal carcinoma cells is not well studied. To investigate the function of PPM1D in colorectal carcinoma, we used lentivirus-based RNA silencing to knock down the expression of PPM1D in RKO cells. We found that the lentivirus-mediated RNAi system efficiently decreased the expression level of endogenous PPM1D. Inhibiting PPM1D expression efficiently inhibited the proliferation and colony formation of RKO cells. Moreover, we found that PPM1D silencing led to G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest and the accumulation of cells at the sub-G1 phase. Furthermore, we found that PPM1D knockdown reduced the expression level of cyclinB1, inhibited ERK phosphorylation and activated the AKT signaling pathway. We found that PPM1D plays a crucial role in colorectal carcinoma cell proliferation and colony formation. Our work provides strong evidence suggesting that PPM1D is a potential therapeutic target of human colorectal cancers. Lentivirus-mediated PPM1D silencing is a promising gene therapeutic method to treat colorectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhuan Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Sheng Jing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China.
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