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Xiang S, Jian Q, Chen W, Xu Q, Li J, Wang C, Wang R, Zhang D, Lin J, Zheng C. Pharmacodynamic components and mechanisms of ginger (Zingiber officinale) in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 324:117733. [PMID: 38218504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ginger is a "medicine-food homology" natural herb and has a longstanding medicinal background in treating intestinal diseases. Its remarkable bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunoregulatory, flora regulatory, intestinal protective, and anticancer properties, make it a promising natural medicine for colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention and treatment. AIM OF THE REVIEW The purpose is to review the relevant literature on ginger and pharmacodynamic components for CRC prevention and treatment, summarize the possible mechanisms of ginger from clinical studies and animal and in vitro experiments, to provide theoretical support for the use of ginger preparations in the daily prevention and clinical treatment of CRC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literatures about ginger and CRC were searched from electronic databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). RESULTS This article summarizes the molecular mechanisms of ginger and its pharmacodynamic components in the prevention and treatment of CRC, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunoregulatory, flora regulatory, intestinal protective, inhibit CRC cell proliferation, induce CRC cell cycle blockage, promote CRC cell apoptosis, suppress CRC cell invasion and migration, enhance the anticancer effect of chemotherapeutic drugs. CONCLUSIONS Ginger has potential for daily prevention and clinical treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirui Xiang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Qin Jian
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Wu Chen
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Qi Xu
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Jia Li
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Chuchu Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Rongrong Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Junzhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Chuan Zheng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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Sun Z, Huang S, Yan X, Zhang X, Hao Y, Jiang L, Dai Z. Living, Heat-Killed Limosilactobacillus mucosae and Its Cell-Free Supernatant Differentially Regulate Colonic Serotonin Receptors and Immune Response in Experimental Colitis. Nutrients 2024; 16:468. [PMID: 38398793 PMCID: PMC10893098 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus species have been shown to alleviate gut inflammation and oxidative stress. However, the effect of different lactobacilli components on gut inflammation has not been well studied. This study aims to identify the differences in the effect and mechanisms of different forms and components of Limosilactobacillus mucosae (LM) treatment in the alleviation of gut inflammation using a colitis mouse model that is induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Seventy-two C57BL/6 mice were divided into six groups: control, DSS, live LM+DSS (LM+DSS), heat-killed LM+DSS (HKLM+DSS), LM cell-free supernatant + DSS (LMCS+DSS), and MRS medium + DSS (MRS+DSS). The mice were treated with different forms and components of LM for two weeks before DSS treatment. After that, the mice were sacrificed for an assessment of their levels of inflammatory cytokines, serotonin (5-HT) receptors (HTRs), and tryptophan metabolites. The results showed that, compared to other treatments, LMCS was more effective (p < 0.05) in the alleviation of DSS-induced body weight loss and led to an increase in the disease activity index score. All three forms and components of LM increased (p < 0.05) the levels of indole-3-acetic acid but reduced (p < 0.05) the levels of 5-HT in the colon. HKLM or LMCS reduced (p < 0.05) the percentages of CD3+CD8+ cytotoxic T cells but increased (p < 0.05) the percentages of CD3+CD4+ T helper cells in the spleen. LM or HKLM increased (p < 0.05) abundances of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the spleen. The LM and LMCS treatments reduced (p < 0.05) the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines Il6 and Il17a. The mice in the HKLM+DSS group had higher (p < 0.05) mRNA levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine Il10, the cell differentiation and proliferation markers Lgr5 and Ki67, the 5-HT degradation enzyme Maoa, and HTRs (Htr1a, Htr2a, and Htr2b) in the colon. All three forms and components of LM reduced the phosphorylation of STAT3. The above findings can help to optimize the functionality of probiotics and develop new dietary strategies that aid in the maintenance of a healthy gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.S.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (Y.H.); (L.J.)
| | - Siqi Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Xing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.S.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (Y.H.); (L.J.)
| | - Xiuwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.S.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (Y.H.); (L.J.)
| | - Youling Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.S.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (Y.H.); (L.J.)
| | - Lili Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.S.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (Y.H.); (L.J.)
| | - Zhaolai Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.S.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (Y.H.); (L.J.)
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Ou H, Ye X, Huang H, Cheng H. Constructing a screening model to obtain the functional herbs for the treatment of active ulcerative colitis based on herb-compound-target network and immuno-infiltration analysis. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2023:10.1007/s00210-023-02900-z. [PMID: 38117365 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02900-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic effect of most traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) on ulcerative colitis is unclear, The objective of this study was to develop a core herbal screening model aimed at facilitating the transition from active ulcerative colitis (UC) to inactive. We obtained the gene expression dataset GSE75214 for UC from the GEO database and analysed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between active and inactive groups. Gene modules associated with the active group were screened using WGCNA, and immune-related genes (IRGs) were obtained from the ImmPort database. The TCMSP database was utilized to acquire the herb-molecule-target network and identify the herb-related targets (HRT). We performed intersection operations on HRTs, DEGs, IRGs, and module genes to identify candidate genes and conducted enrichment analyses. Subsequently, three machine learning algorithms (SVM-REF analysis, Random Forest analysis, and LASSO regression analysis) were employed to refine the hubgene from the candidate genes. Based on the hub genes identified in this study, we conducted compound and herb matching and further screened herbs related to abdominal pain and blood in stool using the Symmap database.Besides, the stability between molecules and targets were assessed using molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation methods. An intersection operation was performed on HRT, DEGs, IRGs, and module genes, leading to the identification of 23 candidate genes. Utilizing three algorithms (RandomForest, SVM-REF, and LASSO) for analyzing the candidate genes and identifying the intersection, we identified five core targets (CXCL2, DUOX2, LYZ, MMP9, and AGT) and 243 associated herbs. Hedysarum Multijugum Maxim. (Huangqi), Sophorae Flavescentis Radix (Kushen), Cotyledon Fimbriata Turcz. (Wasong), and Granati Pericarpium (Shiliupi) were found to be capable of relieving abdominal pain and hematochezia during active UC. Molecular docking demonstrated that the compounds of the four aforementioned herbs showed positive docking activity with their core targets. The results of molecular dynamic simulations indicated that well-docked active molecules had a more stable structure when bound to their target complexes. The study has shed light on the potential of TCMs in treating active UC from an immunomodulatory perspective, consequently, 5 core targets and 4 key herbs has been identified. These findings can provide a theoretical basis for subsequent management and treatment of active UC with TCM, as well as offer original ideas for further research and development of innovative drugs for alleviating UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiya Ou
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaopeng Ye
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongshu Huang
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Honghui Cheng
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
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Duan S, Cao Y, Chen P, Yang Y, Zhang Y. Circulating and intestinal regulatory T cells in inflammatory bowel disease: A systemic review and meta-analysis. Int Rev Immunol 2023; 43:83-94. [PMID: 37615427 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2023.2249525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important immunosuppressive role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, findings on the quantitative and functional changes of intestinal and circulating Tregs in patients with IBD are rather contradictory. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis on this issue. The pooled effect was assessed using the standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI), and subgroup analyses were performed to investigate heterogeneity. This analysis included 764 IBD (402 UC and 362 CD) patients and 341 healthy controls (HCs) pooled from 17 eligible studies. The percentage of circulating Tregs was significantly decreased in active IBD patients compared to HCs (SMD = -0.95, p < 0.001) and inactive IBD patients (SMD = -0.80, p < 0.001). There was no difference in the percentage of circulating Tregs between inactive IBD patients and HCs. The suppressive function of circulating Tregs was impaired in active IBD patients according to limited data (SMD = -0.75, p = 0.02). Besides, the percentage of intestinal Tregs was significantly higher in inflamed regions than in non-inflamed regions (SMD = 0.85, p < 0.001). Our study quantitatively summarized the quantitative and functional changes of Tregs and supported the therapeutic potential of Tregs in IBD. Moreover, additional research into the functions and characteristics of intestinal Tregs in IBD is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yubin Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pingrun Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Ma Z, Akhtar M, Pan H, Liu Q, Chen Y, Zhou X, You Y, Shi D, Liu H. Fecal microbiota transplantation improves chicken growth performance by balancing jejunal Th17/Treg cells. Microbiome 2023; 11:137. [PMID: 37344888 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01569-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal inflammation has become a threatening concern in chicken production worldwide and is closely associated with Th17/Treg cell imbalance. Several studies described that gut microbiota is significantly implicated in chicken growth by modulating intestinal immune homeostasis and immune cell differentiation. Whether reshaping gut microbiota by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) could improve chicken growth by balancing Th17/Treg cells is an interesting question. RESULTS Here, the chickens with significantly different body weight from three different breeds (Turpan cockfighting × White Leghorn chickens, white feather chickens, and yellow feather chickens) were used to compare Th17 and Treg cells. qPCR and IHC staining results indicated that Th17 cell-associated transcriptional factors Stat3 and rorγt and cytokines IL-6, IL-17A, and IL-21 were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the jejunum of low body weight chickens, while Treg cell-associated transcriptional factor foxp3 and cytokines TGF-β and IL-10 were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the jejunum of low body weight chickens, indicating imbalanced Th17/Treg cells were closely related to chicken growth performance. Transferring fecal microbiota from the healthy donor with better growth performance and abundant Lactobacillus in feces to 1-day-old chicks markedly increased growth performance (P < 0.001), significantly decreased Th17 cell-associated transcriptional factors and cytokines, and increased Treg cell-associated transcriptional factors and cytokines in the jejunum (P < 0.05). Furthermore, FMT increased the abundance of Lactobacillus (FMT vs Con; 84.98% vs 66.94%). Besides, the metabolites of tryptophan including serotonin, indole, and 5-methoxyindoleacetate were increased as well, which activated their receptor aryl-hydrocarbon-receptor (AhR) and expressed more CYP1A2 and IL-22 to maintain Th17/Treg cell balance and immune homeostasis. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that imbalanced Th17/Treg cells decreased chicken growth performance, while FMT-reshaped gut microbiota, i.e., higher Lactobacilli, increased chicken growth performance by balancing Th17/Treg cells. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Akhtar
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Zhou
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingting You
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Deshi Shi
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Huazhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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Jalalvand M, Enayati S, Akhtari M, Madreseh E, Jamshidi A, Farhadi E, Mahmoudi M, Amirzargar A. Blood regulatory T cells in inflammatory bowel disease, a systematic review, and meta-analysis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109824. [PMID: 36827916 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an autoimmune disease involving various parts of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Due to the contradictory results regarding the percentage of peripheral blood (PB) regulatory T cells (Tregs) in IBD patients, this meta-analysis aimed to determine the Tregs frequency in IBD patients. METHOD We searched PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar databases for relevant observational articles that analyzed and reported the frequency of PB Tregs in IBD patients and healthy control groups. After choosing the related articles by two reviewers, the data regarding the definition of Tregs and their frequencies in different groups were recorded. RESULT In 22 studies, the results showed a nonsignificant difference in the frequency of PB Tregs between IBD cases and control subjects (SMD: -0.27, 95 % CI: -0.78, 0.23). However, the frequency of CD4+CD25+CD127- (SMD: -0.89, 95 % CI: -1.52, -0.26) and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ (SMD: -1.32, 95 % CI: -2.37, -0.26) Tregs were significantly lower in IBD cases, compared to healthy subjects. Also, UC cases and active IBD cases showed a significantly lower frequency of Treg cells, compared to controls and remission IBD cases, respectively (SMD: -0.68, 95 % CI: -1.24, -0.11 and SMD: -0.60, 95 % CI: -0.93, -0.27). CONCLUSION Our study highlighted a probable decrease of Tregs in IBD patients, especially the patients with active states of the disease. The decrease of Treg cells might cause an imbalance in the immune system and the over-activation of auto-immune responses against the digestive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobina Jalalvand
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Enayati
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Akhtari
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Madreseh
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Jamshidi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Farhadi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahmoudi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Aliakbar Amirzargar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Vaghari-Tabari M, Alemi F, Zokaei M, Moein S, Qujeq D, Yousefi B, Farzami P, Hosseininasab SS. Polyphenols and inflammatory bowel disease: Natural products with therapeutic effects? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022:1-24. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2139222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Forough Alemi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Zokaei
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Moein
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center (CMBRC), Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Payam Farzami
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Li Z, Lin M, Li Y, Shao J, Huang R, Qiu Y, Liu Y, Chen L. Total flavonoids of Sophora flavescens and kurarinone ameliorated ulcerative colitis by regulating Th17/Treg cell homeostasis. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 297:115500. [PMID: 35863614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ulcerative colitis (UC) is relevant to dysregulation of inflammation and immune processes. Sophora flavescens Aiton is a classic medicine widely used in the treatment of UC in ancient and modern China, alkaloids and flavonoids are the main components. Previous studies reveal that Sophora flavescens Aiton total flavonoids extracts (SFE) exert an anti-UC effect by regulating the intestinal microbe structure and restoring the balance of the "host-microbe" co-metabolic network in UC mice. However, whether SFE influences immune inflammation remains unclear, which is the core link to UC disease. It also remains to be verified flavonoids are the material basis that plays a role in SFE. AIM OF THE STUDY To identify the action mechanism of the immune-inflammatory regulation of SFE and its main active component Kurarinone against UC. METHODS This study constructed UC mice and abnormal immune RAW 264.7 cell models, and subsequently used western blotting and flow cytometry (FCM) to evaluate the effects of SFE on the NF-κB pathway and the regulation of immunity in UC mice. Kurarinone was screened from flavonoid compounds of SFE by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells, and its effect was subsequently investigated in UC mice. Western blotting, ELISA, FCM, and RT-PCR were used to determine the regulation of Kurarinone on the Th17/Treg differentiation and the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. RESULTS SFE regulated the differentiation of Th17/Treg in peripheral blood and inhibited immune-inflammatory response to treat UC. Various flavonoid components in SFE inhibited the synthesis of IL-6 and TNF-α in RAW 264.7 cells, among which Kurarinone had better effect. This study revealed the therapeutic effects of Kurarinone in UC mice for the first time. Kurarinone promoted the secretion of SIgA to improve the regulation of the intestinal mucosal barrier and resistance to pathogens. It also regulated the transcription level of RORγt and Foxp3 in colon, decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory factor IL-17A and up-regulated the expression of immunosuppressive factors TGF-β1 and IL-10 in colon. Furthermore, Kurarinone restored intestinal immune system homeostasis by down-regulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and regulating the balance of Th17/Treg cell differentiation in UC. CONCLUSIONS SFE, especially the flavonoid ingredients represented by Kurarinone, has significant effects on immunoregulation against UC. And their mechanism of effect is related to inhibiting the activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and regulating differentiation of Th17/Treg cells. KEYWORK Immunoregulatory; Kurarinone; Th17 cells; Treg cells; Ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaocheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medical of State Administration of TCM, China, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chines Materia Medical Quality of Guangdong Province, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minling Lin
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medical of State Administration of TCM, China, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chines Materia Medical Quality of Guangdong Province, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yadi Li
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medical of State Administration of TCM, China, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chines Materia Medical Quality of Guangdong Province, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Shao
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medical of State Administration of TCM, China, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chines Materia Medical Quality of Guangdong Province, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiting Huang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medical of State Administration of TCM, China, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chines Materia Medical Quality of Guangdong Province, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongyi Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medical of State Administration of TCM, China, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chines Materia Medical Quality of Guangdong Province, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medical of State Administration of TCM, China, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chines Materia Medical Quality of Guangdong Province, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Zhong Y, Liu W, Xiong Y, Li Y, Wan Q, Zhou W, Zhao H, Xiao Q, Liu D. Astragaloside Ⅳ alleviates ulcerative colitis by regulating the balance of Th17/Treg cells. Phytomedicine 2022; 104:154287. [PMID: 35752072 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restoring immune homeostasis by targeting the Th17/Treg response is a potentially valuable therapeutic strategy for ulcerative colitis (UC). Astragaloside IV (AS-Ⅳ) is a phytochemical naturally occurring in Astragalus membranaceus that has good anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-stress properties. However, the effects of AS-IV on the homeostasis of Th17/Treg cells in colitis mice remains unknown. PURPOSE To investigate the protective effects and potential immunomodulatory mechanisms of AS-IV on UC. METHODS This study was constructed for DSS-induced acute colitis and recurrent colitis, with AS-IV administered prophylactically and therapeutically, respectively. The balance of Th17/Treg cells was analyzed by flow cytometry, their specific nuclear transcription factors were detected by RT-PCR as well as their secreted inflammatory cytokines were detected by ELISA and RT-PCR. Notch signaling-related proteins were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Oxidative stress indicators were measured by biochemical technology. RESULTS In this study, AS-IV treatment not only effectively prevented and alleviated the clinical symptoms of DSS-induced colitis mice, including weight loss, DAI soaring, colon length shortening and colon weight gain, but also significantly improved ulcer formation, inflammatory cell infiltration and index, and regulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines in colon tissues. Importantly, the efficacy of high-dose AS-IV (100 mg/kg/day) in mice with recurrent colitis in this study was comparable to that of 5-ASA. AS-IV early administration was able to reshape the homeostasis of Th17/Treg cells in mice with acute colitis; meanwhile, AS-IV inhibited Th17 cell responses and promoted Treg cell responses in mice with recurrent colitis. Moreover, AS-IV not only inhibited the activation of Notch signaling pathway in colitis mice, but also prevented and ameliorated DSS-induced oxidative stress injury. CONCLUSION In conclusion, AS-IV effectively prevented and alleviated UC by reshaping Th17/Treg cell homeostasis and anti-oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youbao Zhong
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China; Laboratory Animal Research Center for Science and Technology, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Research and Development Department, Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Yanxia Xiong
- Research and Development Department, Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Yingmeng Li
- Research and Development Department, Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Qi Wan
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China; Nanchang Medical college, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Haimei Zhao
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Qiuping Xiao
- Research and Development Department, Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China.
| | - Duanyong Liu
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China.
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10
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Eiro N, Fraile M, González-Jubete A, González LO, Vizoso FJ. Mesenchymal (Stem) Stromal Cells Based as New Therapeutic Alternative in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Basic Mechanisms, Experimental and Clinical Evidence, and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168905. [PMID: 36012170 PMCID: PMC9408403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are an example of chronic diseases affecting 40% of the population, which involved tissue damage and an inflammatory process not satisfactorily controlled with current therapies. Data suggest that mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) may be a therapeutic option for these processes, and especially for IBD, due to their multifactorial approaches such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, anti-apoptotic, anti-fibrotic, regenerative, angiogenic, anti-tumor, or anti-microbial. However, MSC therapy is associated with important limitations as safety issues, handling difficulties for therapeutic purposes, and high economic cost. MSC-derived secretome products (conditioned medium or extracellular vesicles) are therefore a therapeutic option in IBD as they exhibit similar effects to their parent cells and avoid the issues of cell therapy. In this review, we proposed further studies to choose the ideal tissue source of MSC to treat IBD, the implementation of new standardized production strategies, quality controls and the integration of other technologies, such as hydrogels, which may improve the therapeutic effects of derived-MSC secretome products in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Eiro
- Research Unit, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Av. de Eduardo Castro, 161, 33290 Gijón, Spain
- Correspondence: (N.E.); (F.J.V.); Tel.: +34-98-5320050 (ext. 84216) (N.E.); Fax: +34-98-531570 (N.E.)
| | - Maria Fraile
- Research Unit, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Av. de Eduardo Castro, 161, 33290 Gijón, Spain
| | | | - Luis O. González
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Av. de Eduardo Castro, 161, 33290 Gijón, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Vizoso
- Research Unit, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Av. de Eduardo Castro, 161, 33290 Gijón, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Av. de Eduardo Castro, 161, 33290 Gijón, Spain
- Correspondence: (N.E.); (F.J.V.); Tel.: +34-98-5320050 (ext. 84216) (N.E.); Fax: +34-98-531570 (N.E.)
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11
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Fujiwara M, Raheja R, Garo LP, Ajay AK, Kadowaki-Saga R, Karandikar SH, Gabriely G, Krishnan R, Beynon V, Paul A, Patel A, Saxena S, Hu D, Healy BC, Chitnis T, Gandhi R, Weiner HL, Murugaiyan G. microRNA-92a promotes CNS autoimmunity by modulating the regulatory and inflammatory T cell balance. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e155693. [PMID: 35298438 PMCID: PMC9106347 DOI: 10.1172/jci155693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A disequilibrium between immunosuppressive Tregs and inflammatory IL-17-producing Th17 cells is a hallmark of autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the Treg and Th17 imbalance in CNS autoimmunity remain largely unclear. Identifying the factors that drive this imbalance is of high clinical interest. Here, we report a major disease-promoting role for microRNA-92a (miR-92a) in CNS autoimmunity. miR-92a was elevated in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and its loss attenuated EAE. Mechanistically, miR-92a mediated EAE susceptibility in a T cell-intrinsic manner by restricting Treg induction and suppressive capacity, while supporting Th17 responses, by directly repressing the transcription factor Foxo1. Although miR-92a did not directly alter Th1 differentiation, it appeared to indirectly promote Th1 cells by inhibiting Treg responses. Correspondingly, miR-92a inhibitor therapy ameliorated EAE by concomitantly boosting Treg responses and dampening inflammatory T cell responses. Analogous to our findings in mice, miR-92a was elevated in CD4+ T cells from patients with MS, and miR-92a silencing in patients' T cells promoted Treg development but limited Th17 differentiation. Together, our results demonstrate that miR-92a drives CNS autoimmunity by sustaining the Treg/Th17 imbalance and implicate miR-92a as a potential therapeutic target for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Fujiwara
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Radhika Raheja
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lucien P. Garo
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amrendra K. Ajay
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ryoko Kadowaki-Saga
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sukrut H. Karandikar
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Galina Gabriely
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rajesh Krishnan
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vanessa Beynon
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anu Paul
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amee Patel
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shrishti Saxena
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dan Hu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian C. Healy
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tanuja Chitnis
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roopali Gandhi
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Howard L. Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gopal Murugaiyan
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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Cheng C, Zhang W, Zhang C, Ji P, Wu X, Sha Z, Chen X, Wang Y, Chen Y, Cheng H, Shi L. Hyperoside Ameliorates DSS-Induced Colitis through MKRN1-Mediated Regulation of PPARγ Signaling and Th17/Treg Balance. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:15240-15251. [PMID: 34878764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hyperoside (HYP), a naturally occurring flavonoid compound, exerts multiple biological functions including myocardial protection, antiredox, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the role of HYP on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the underlying mechanism need to be further established. Here, we show that HYP treatment profoundly alleviated dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice, characterized by reduced pathological scores, preserved tissue integrity, suppressed colonic inflammation, and balanced Th17/Treg response. Mechanistically, HYP was shown to restrain the expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase, makorin ring finger protein 1 (MKRN1), which in turn promoted the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), an essential regulator of Th17 and Treg differentiation. Consequently, HYP treatment enhanced PPARγ signaling and hence promoted Treg differentiation while suppressing Th17 cell development during colitis. Thus, our data indicate that HYP acts through the MKRN1/PPARγ axis to modulate the Th17/Treg axis and thereby confers protection against experimental colitis. The findings extend our understanding about HYP action and may provide a potential therapeutic target for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Peng Ji
- Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Zhou Sha
- Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Yongkang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Yugen Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Haibo Cheng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Liyun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310022, China
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13
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Liu L, Deng YQ, Jiao WE, Qiao YL, Tao ZZ, Wang Y, Hua QQ, Chen SM. Maggot extracts promote regulatory T cell differentiation by upregulating Foxp3 in allergic rhinitis. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:13540-13554. [PMID: 35035695 PMCID: PMC8748152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Maggots are the larval stage of Lucilia sericata and have strong antibacterial activity and immunomodulatory effects. The objective of our study was to investigate whether maggot extracts can modulate regulatory T cells (Tregs) and treat allergic rhinitis (AR). METHODS Mice were randomly assigned to five groups (n=6/group): normal, AR, Maggot, AR+ Maggot, and AR+ dexamethasone (DXM). The Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS), ovalbumin (OVA)-sIgE titers, histopathological characteristics and Th1-/Th2-/Th17-related cytokine levels were evaluated. The expression of T-bet, GATA3, RORγt and Foxp3 in the spleen and nasal mucosa of mice was detected, and the proportion of differentiated Tregs in the spleen of mice was determined. In addition, the effects of maggot extracts on the expression level of Foxp3 and the differentiation of Tregs in vitro were studied. Histological evaluation of the potential toxicity was also performed. RESULTS Compared with the AR group, the AR+ Maggot group showed reduction in histopathological inflammation, downregulated OVA-sIgE titers, and restoration of the imbalance in cytokine profiles (P<0.05). After treatment with maggot extracts, the proportions of Tregs and Foxp3 expression in the spleen were significantly increased, the expression of GATA3 and RORγt was decreased (P<0.05), and the expression of T-bet showed no significant change (P>0.05). In vitro, maggot extracts promoted the expression of Foxp3 and differentiation of Tregs in a dose- and time-dependent manner (P<0.05). In addition, no obvious organ damage was observed in mice treated with maggot extracts. CONCLUSION Maggot extracts can inhibit the progression of AR by upregulating the level of Foxp3 and promoting the differentiation of Tregs, thus serving as an alternate treatment for AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University238 Jie-Fang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Yu-Qin Deng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University238 Jie-Fang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Wo-Er Jiao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University238 Jie-Fang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Yue-Long Qiao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University238 Jie-Fang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Ze-Zhang Tao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University238 Jie-Fang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
- Institute of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University238 Jie-Fang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing-Quan Hua
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University238 Jie-Fang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
- Institute of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University238 Jie-Fang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Shi-Ming Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University238 Jie-Fang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
- Institute of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University238 Jie-Fang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
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14
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Heidari N, Abbasi-Kenarsari H, Namaki S, Baghaei K, Zali MR, Ghaffari Khaligh S, Hashemi SM. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-secreted exosome alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute colitis by Treg cell induction and inflammatory cytokine reduction. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:5906-5920. [PMID: 33728664 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is an inflammatory condition that results in gastrointestinal tract damage. Various factors, including environmental and genetic agents, disrupt the function of the intestinal immune system that can lead to IBD. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) display an immunoregulatory function and demonstrate regenerative potential by paracrine action. In this study, we evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of MSCs' derived exosomes in the acute form of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Exosomes were isolated from adipose-derived MSCs. Acute colitis was induced by DSS. The exosome was used by intraperitoneal injection into mice with acute colitis. Stool consistency, body weight changes, bleeding severity, colon length, and weight were examined. At the experimental endpoint (Day 7), the changes in the colon tissue were evaluated. The level of cytokines of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-17 (IL-17), IL-4, IL-12, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and, IL-10, and Treg cells percentage were assayed. Results showed that exosome administration diminished colon shortening, bodyweight loss, bleeding, and colon injury. The levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12, and IL-17 were decreased, and the level of TGF-β, IL-4, and IL-10 were increased in lymph node and spleen of mice treated with exosome. Percentages of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg cells were grown in the lymph node and spleen of mice treated with exosomes. Overall, current data suggest that MSC-derived exosome could regulate the Treg population and improves inflammation in DSS-induced acute colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Heidari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hajar Abbasi-Kenarsari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Namaki
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kaveh Baghaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorder Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Negi S, Saini S, Tandel N, Sahu K, Mishra RP, Tyagi RK. Translating Treg Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Humanized Mice. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081847. [PMID: 34440615 PMCID: PMC8393385 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans, afflicted in genetically predisposed individuals due to dysregulated immune response directed against constituents of gut flora. The defective immune responses mounted against the regulatory mechanisms amplify and maintain the IBD-induced mucosal inflammation. Therefore, restoring the balance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immunepathways in the gut may contribute to halting the IBD-associated tissue-damaging immune response. Phenotypic and functional characterization of various immune-suppressive T cells (regulatory T cells; Tregs) over the last decade has been used to optimize the procedures for in vitro expansion of these cells for developing therapeutic interventional strategies. In this paper, we review the mechanisms of action and functional importance of Tregs during the pathogenesis of IBD and modulating the disease induced inflammation as well as role of mouse models including humanized mice repopulated with the human immune system (HIS) to study the IBD. "Humanized" mouse models provide new tools to analyze human Treg ontogeny, immunobiology, and therapy and the role of Tregs in developing interventional strategies against IBD. Overall, humanized mouse models replicate the human conditions and prove a viable tool to study molecular functions of human Tregs to harness their therapeutic potential.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Colitis, Ulcerative/genetics
- Colitis, Ulcerative/immunology
- Colitis, Ulcerative/metabolism
- Colitis, Ulcerative/therapy
- Crohn Disease/genetics
- Crohn Disease/immunology
- Crohn Disease/metabolism
- Crohn Disease/therapy
- Disease Models, Animal
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Humans
- Mice, Transgenic
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/transplantation
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmita Negi
- Biomedical Parasitology and Nano-Immunology Lab, Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh 160036, India; (S.N.); (S.S.); (K.S.)
- BERPDC Department, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Sheetal Saini
- Biomedical Parasitology and Nano-Immunology Lab, Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh 160036, India; (S.N.); (S.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Nikunj Tandel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India;
| | - Kiran Sahu
- Biomedical Parasitology and Nano-Immunology Lab, Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh 160036, India; (S.N.); (S.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Ravi P.N. Mishra
- BERPDC Department, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh 160036, India
- Correspondence: (R.P.N.M.); or (R.K.T.)
| | - Rajeev K. Tyagi
- Biomedical Parasitology and Nano-Immunology Lab, Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh 160036, India; (S.N.); (S.S.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: (R.P.N.M.); or (R.K.T.)
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16
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Han A, Kim JY, Kwak-Kim J, Lee SK. Menopause is an inflection point of age-related immune changes in women. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 146:103346. [PMID: 34147765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Elevated proinflammatory cytokines in postmenopausal women is considered as one of the causes increasing the incidence of chronic inflammatory diseases. However, the details of postmenopausal immune changes have not yet been fully revealed. Thus, we investigated age-related immune changes in women and compared immune responses in postmenopausal and reproductive-age women. A total of 34 postmenopausal women and 91 reproductive-age women were included in the study. After isolating peripheral blood mononuclear cells, analysis of immunophenotypes and intracellular cytokine profiles were done. The proportion of natural killer (NK) cells was significantly higher, and the ratio of TNF-α- to IL-10-producing CD3+CD4 + T cells (Th1 to Th2) and the ratio of Th17 cells to CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells (Th17 to Treg) were higher, in postmenopausal women than in reproductive-age women. The Treg cell proportion was negatively correlated with the Th1 and Th2 cell proportions in reproductive-age women but not in postmenopausal women. As age increased, the proportion of Tregs was increased in reproductive-age women (r = 0.302, p = 0.004), whereas the proportion of Th1 cells was increased in postmenopausal women (r = 0.466, p = 0.005). FSH levels showed a positive correlation with Fopx3+ T cell and Treg cell (p = 0.04, 0.053, respectively), whereas Th17/Treg ratio and Th1 cell showed negative correlation with FSH.(p = 0.045, 0.024, respectively). In conclusion, postmenopausal women have higher proinflammatory immune statuses, as demonstrated by increased proportions of NK, Th1, and Th17 cells, altered correlations among NK and T cell subsets, and compromised balances between effector T cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aera Han
- Konyang University Myunggok Research Institute, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Yun Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joanne Kwak-Kim
- Reproductive Medicine and Immunology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Vernon Hills, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sung Ki Lee
- Konyang University Myunggok Research Institute, Republic of Korea; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Zhang L, Ma X, Liu P, Ge W, Hu L, Zuo Z, Xiao H, Liao W. Treatment and mechanism of fecal microbiota transplantation in mice with experimentally induced ulcerative colitis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1563-1575. [PMID: 33926254 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211006044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Restoring intestinal microbiota dysbiosis with fecal microbiota transplantation is considered as a promising treatment for ulcerative colitis. However, the mechanisms underlying its relieving effects remain unclear. Ulcerative colitis pathogenesis is associated with the involvement of immune cells and inflammatory cytokines. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on T cell cytokines in a dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis mouse model. Five-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) was used as the positive control. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to control, model (UC), UC + FMT, and UC + 5-ASA groups. Each group consisted of five mice. The establishment of the mouse model was verified by fecal occult-blood screening and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Results showed that fecal microbiota transplantation reduced colonic inflammation, significantly decreased T helper (Th)1 and Th17 cells, interferon-gamma, interleukin-2 and interleukin-17, as well as significantly increased Th2 and regulatory T (Treg) cells, interleukin-4, interleukin-10, and transforming growth factor-beta, and improved routine blood count. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene-sequencing analysis showed a significant increase in the relative abundance of genus Akkermansia and a significant decrease in the relative abundance of genus Helicobacter in the ulcerative colitis group. Fecal microbiota transplantation restored the profile of the intestinal microbiota to that of the control group. These findings demonstrated the capability of fecal microbiota transplantation in controlling experimentally induced ulcerative colitis by improving Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg imbalance through the regulation of intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leichang Zhang
- Department of Anorectal, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Ma
- Department of Anorectal, Department of Postgraduate Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, P.R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Anorectal, Department of Postgraduate Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ge
- Department of Anorectal, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, P.R. China
| | - Lixia Hu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, P.R. China
| | - Zhengyun Zuo
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, P.R. China
| | - Huirong Xiao
- Department of Anorectal, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, P.R. China
| | - Wu Liao
- Department of Anorectal, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, P.R. China
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Fan Y, Fan Y, Liu K, Lonan P, Liao F, Huo Y, Zhong X, Liang Y, Wang Y, Hou S, Lai X, Li G, Kuang W. Edible Bird's Nest Ameliorates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in C57BL/6J Mice by Restoring the Th17/Treg Cell Balance. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:632602. [PMID: 33967768 PMCID: PMC8097138 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.632602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with a complex aetiology that commonly recurs. Most drugs for UC treatment interfere with metabolism and immune responses, often causing some serious adverse reactions. Therefore, the development of alternative treatments, including nutritional supplements and probiotics, have been one of the main areas of current research due to fewer side effect. As both a Chinese medicine and a food, edible bird’s nest (EBN) has high nutritional value. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that it has anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, antiviral and neuroprotective effects. In this study, UC was induced with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to investigate the protective effect of EBN on colitis mice and the related mechanism. The body weight, faecal morphology and faecal occult blood results of mice were recorded every day from the beginning of the modelling period. After the end of the experiment, the length of the colon was measured, and the colon was collected for histopathological detection, inflammatory factor detection and immunohistochemical detection. Mouse spleens were dissected for flow cytometry. The results showed that in mice with colitis, EBN improved symptoms of colitis, reduced colonic injury, and inhibited the increases in the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α. The T helper 17 (Th17)/regulatory T (Treg) cell balance was restored by decreasing the expression of IL-17A and IL-6 in intestinal tissues, increasing the expression of TGF-β, and decreasing the number of Th17 cells in each EBN dose group. These findings suggest that EBN has a protective effect on DSS-mediated colitis in mice, mainly by restoring the Th17/Treg cell balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohua Fan
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Research Center, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanqun Fan
- Xiamen Yan Palace Seelong Food Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
| | - Kunfeng Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Piyanuch Lonan
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Liao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhang Huo
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhong
- Xiamen Yan Palace Seelong Food Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
| | - Yueliang Liang
- Guangzhou Tongkang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- Xiamen Yan Palace Seelong Food Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
| | - Shaozhen Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Geng Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weihong Kuang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Key Laboratory of Research and Development of New Medical Materials of Guangdong Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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Liu J, Luo Y, Wang J, Xi C, Chen Y, Yang G, Ling Y. Key molecules involved in the Th17/Treg balance are associated with the pathogenesis of reflux esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus. Esophagus 2021; 18:388-97. [PMID: 32920737 DOI: 10.1007/s10388-020-00773-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reflux esophagitis (RE) impairs the squamous epithelium that normally lines the esophagus, and contributes to the replacement of the damaged squamous lining by the intestinal metaplasia of Barrett's esophagus (BE), which is considered as a precursor of esophageal adenocarcinoma. This study aimed to investigate the changes in the balance of Th17/Treg and the related key molecules in the pathogenesis of RE and BE and evaluate the diagnostic and predictive value of the molecules in patients with these diseases. METHODS The proportions of Th17 and Treg in RE and BE patients were estimated using flow cytometric analysis. Key molecules involving in the Th17/Treg balance, including RORγt, Foxp3, IL-17, IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-β, were measured using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and ELISA analyses. The diagnostic and predictive value of the Th17/Treg ratio and its key regulators was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic assay (ROC). In addition, the Spearman correlation analysis explored the relationship between the Th17/Treg ratio and the clinical characteristics. RESULTS An increased ratio of Th17/Treg was observed in RE and BE compared with the normal controls, and the proportion of Th17/Treg in BE was further increased compared with RE patients. Moreover, the expression levels of RORγt, IL-17, IL-6, and TGF-β were elevated, while the levels of Foxp3 and IL-10 were reduced in patients when compared to the controls. Compared with the RE groups, the levels of IL-17 were significantly higher in BE patients, while the Foxp3 levels were significant decreased. In addition, the Th17/Treg ratio also showed high diagnostic significance and considerable predictive value for the clinical outcomes in patients with RE and BE. CONCLUSION The balance of Th17/Treg was impaired in patients with RE and BE. Th17/Treg may be involved in the development of both RE and BE through regulating the release of inflammatory cytokines, but the concrete mechanisms maybe different in the two diseases. The imbalance of Th17/Treg ratio and the related key molecules had a certain clinical diagnosis and prediction potential for RE and BE.
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20
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Zhao Y, Luan H, Jiang H, Xu Y, Wu X, Zhang Y, Li R. Gegen Qinlian decoction relieved DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice by modulating Th17/Treg cell homeostasis via suppressing IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling. Phytomedicine 2021; 84:153519. [PMID: 33640781 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gegen Qinlian decoction (GQ) is a traditional Chinese herbal prescription that has been widely used for the treatment of bacterial dysentery and enteric typhoid fever. Recently, GQ has been clinically reported to be a potential candidate for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the immunoregulatory function of GQ in the treatment of UC has not been fully elucidated. PURPOSE This study focused on the role of immune imbalance in the pathogenesis of UC and the immunomodulatory effect of GQ in the treatment of UC. METHODS The UC model was established by treating female mice with 3.0% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 7 days, and GQ was orally administered at dosages of 1.5 and 7.5 g/kg/day. Inflammatory factors were detected by ELISA and qRT-PCR. Treg and Th17 cell dysregulation was analyzed by qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Proteins related to IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling were detected by western blotting. RESULTS GQ significantly alleviated the symptoms of UC mice and suppressed the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO). Furthermore, the production of proinflammatory factors, such as IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6, was dramatically reduced after GQ administration. Furthermore, GQ improved the infiltration of Treg and Th17 cells into the colons and decreased the expression of inflammatory factors, such as TGF-β1 and IL-17. The frequencies of Treg and Th17 cells in the Peyer's patches and spleen were reduced by GQ administration; however, GQ had no significant regulatory effect on normal mice. The western blotting results showed that GQ markedly suppressed the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 and decreased the transcription function of phosphorylated STAT3. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results indicated that GQ alleviated DSS-induced UC by suppressing IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling to restore Treg and Th17 cell homeostasis in colonic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haofan Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yingmei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yubin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Ruiyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Choo J, Heo G, Pothoulakis C, Im E. Posttranslational modifications as therapeutic targets for intestinal disorders. Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105412. [PMID: 33412276 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A variety of biological processes are regulated by posttranslational modifications. Posttranslational modifications including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, and proteolytic cleavage, control diverse physiological functions in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, a better understanding of their implications in intestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, celiac disease, and colorectal cancer would provide a basis for the identification of novel biomarkers as well as attractive therapeutic targets. Posttranslational modifications can be common denominators, as well as distinct biomarkers, characterizing pathological differences of various intestinal diseases. This review provides experimental evidence that identifies changes in posttranslational modifications from patient samples, primary cells, or cell lines in intestinal disorders, and a summary of carefully selected information on the use of pharmacological modulators of protein modifications as therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Choo
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwangbeom Heo
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Charalabos Pothoulakis
- Section of Inflammatory Bowel Disease & Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Eunok Im
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Gut mucosal immune cells play an essential role in health due to their ability to orchestrate host signaling events in response to exogenous antigens. These antigens may originate from microorganisms including viruses, commensal or pathogenic bacteria, or single-celled eukaryotes, as well as from dietary foodstuff-derived proteins or products. A critical technological capacity to understand host responses to antigens is the ability to efficiently isolate and functionally characterize immune cells from intestinal tissues. Additionally, after characterization, it is of paramount importance to understand the exact functions of these immune cells under different disease states or genetic variables. Here, we outline methods for immune cell isolation from murine small and large intestines with the goal of undertaking a functional analysis of isolated cell types using antibody array platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Owens
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Rheinallt M Jones
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Huang BB, Han LC, Liu GF, Lv XD, Gu GL, Li SQ, Chen L, Wang HQ, Zhan LL, Lv XP. Infliximab is effective in the treatment of ulcerative colitis with dermatomyositis: A case report. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:7425-7435. [PMID: 33362394 PMCID: PMC7739156 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i46.7425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Joint, skin, oral cavity, and eye lesions are the most common extraintestinal manifestations of ulcerative colitis that can occur before or after its onset. The cases of ulcerative colitis with dermatomyositis (DM) are rare. In this study, we report a rare case of ulcerative colitis with DM that was effectively treated with infliximab.
CASE SUMMARY The patient was a 57-year-old female with a 2-year history of DM. The patient was admitted to hospital with abdominal pain, diarrhea, and blood in stool lasting for more than 2 mo. Colonoscopy revealed multiple erosions and ulcers in the entire colon and rectum. Pathological sections showed chronic inflammatory cell infiltration, especially neutrophil infiltration, in the colonic mucosa; therefore, the patient was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis. Preparations of 5-aminosalicylic acid was added to her treatment based on the original treatment for DM, but its effect was unsatisfactory. The patient’s discomfort was relieved after infliximab treatment.
CONCLUSION Infliximab can improve DM in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Specialists need to raise awareness about patients with inflammatory bowel disease who have rare extraintestinal manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Bin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Li-Chun Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Geng-Feng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Lv
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Guang-Li Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shi-Quan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Lan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Hui-Qin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ling-Ling Zhan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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Peng S, Shen L, Tian MX, Li HM, Wang SS. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 inhibitor ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice by regulating the balance of Th17/Treg cells and inhibiting the NF- κB signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:134. [PMID: 33376516 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) plays a critical role in inflammatory pathways. The PARP-1 inhibitor, 5-aminoisoquinolinone (5-AIQ), has been demonstrated to exert significant pharmacological effects. The present study aimed to further examine the potential mechanisms of 5-AIQ in a mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Colitis conditions were assessed by changes in weight, disease activity index, colon length, histopathology and pro-inflammatory mediators. The colonic expression of PARP/NF-κB and STAT3 pathway components was measured by western blot analysis. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the proportion of T helper 17 cells (Th17) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the spleen. Western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR were employed to determine the expression of the transcription factors retinoic acid-related orphan receptor and forkhead box protein P3. The results demonstrated that 5-AIQ reduced tissue damage and the inflammatory response in mice with experimental colitis. Moreover, 5-AIQ increased the proportion of Treg cells and decreased the percentage of Th17 cells in the spleen. Furthermore, following 5-AIQ treatment, the main components of the PARP/NF-κB and STAT3 pathways were downregulated. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the PARP-1 inhibitor, 5-AIQ, may suppress intestinal inflammation and protect the colonic mucosa by modulating Treg/Th17 immune balance and inhibiting PARP-1/NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways in mice with experimental colitis.
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Kim NH, Lee SM, Kim YN, Jeon YJ, Heo JD, Jeong EJ, Rho JR. Standardized Fraction of Turbinaria ornata Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Chronic Colitis in C57BL/6 Mice via Upregulation of FOXP3 + Regulatory T Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1463. [PMID: 33092149 PMCID: PMC7590162 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Turbinaria ornata is a tropical brown algae (seaweed) known to have anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we analyzed T. ornata extract (TOE) using liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and evaluated the in vivo efficacy of TOE against dextran sulfate sodium-induced chronic colitis in C57BL/6 mice. The bioactive fraction of TOE was administered orally daily for 6 weeks to mice under different treatments normal, colitis, and colitis + conventional drug (5-aminosalicylic acid, 5-ASA). Regarding clinical manifestation, the disease activity index and colon length of the colitis + TOE group were significantly reduced compared to those of the colitis group. The results of myeloperoxidase activity and histopathological examination showed similar results. Western blot analysis of colon tissues revealed that cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (p-STAT3) were significantly decreased in the colitis + 5-ASA group, whereas forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) was increased. qPCR results showed changes in T cell subsets; the administration of TOE upregulated regulatory T cell (Treg) expression, although T helper 17 cell (Th17) expression did not change significantly. Interestingly, the colitis + TOE group showed high levels of both Th1 and Th2 transcription factors, but the secreted cytokine interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-4 remained unchanged and somewhat reduced. Additionally, TNF-α gene expression was significantly reduced in the colitis + TOE group. IL-6 mRNA levels were also decreased, although not significantly. Four compounds were structurally elucidated using 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy, and five compounds were fully identified or tentatively characterized using LC-QTOF-MS. In conclusion, TOE could alleviate chronic colitis via upregulation of Foxp3+ Treg cells and production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, which directly inhibits macrophages and pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis, leading to reduced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Hyun Kim
- Gyeongnam Department of Environment & Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 17 Jegok-gil, Munsan-eup 52834, Korea; (N.-H.K.); (S.M.L.); (J.-D.H.)
| | - Seon Min Lee
- Gyeongnam Department of Environment & Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 17 Jegok-gil, Munsan-eup 52834, Korea; (N.-H.K.); (S.M.L.); (J.-D.H.)
| | - Yun Na Kim
- Department of Agronomy and Medicinal Plant Resources, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea;
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Jeong-Doo Heo
- Gyeongnam Department of Environment & Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 17 Jegok-gil, Munsan-eup 52834, Korea; (N.-H.K.); (S.M.L.); (J.-D.H.)
| | - Eun Ju Jeong
- Department of Agronomy and Medicinal Plant Resources, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea;
| | - Jung-Rae Rho
- Department of Oceanography, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 54150, Korea
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Li X, Sun L, Chen L, Xu Y, Kong X. Upregulation of microRNA-219-5p relieves ulcerative colitis through balancing the differentiation of Treg/Th17 cells. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 32:813-20. [PMID: 32175983 DOI: 10.1097/MEG.0000000000001712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the specific regulatory roles of microRNA-219-5p (miR-219-5p) on ulcerative colitis (UC), and reveal the potential mechanisms relating with the differentiation of Treg/Th17 cells. METHODS The mouse model of chronic UC was established by oral administration of 3% dextran sodium sulfate for three cycles. After intravenous injected with lentivirus (LV)-miR-219-5p for 24 h, the disease activity index (DAI), colon length, as well as the serum levels of Interleukin (IL)-6, -17A, -21, and -23 were measured. In addition, the histopathological changes in colon tissues were observed by Hematoxylin-eosin staining. The differentiation of Treg/Th17 cells was detected by Flow cytometry, and the expression of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor (RORrt), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and forkhead box p3 (Foxp3) were detected by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot. RESULTS MiR-219-5p was downregulated in colonic mucosal tissues of UC mice (P < 0.05). UC mice injected with LV-miR-219-5p exhibited significantly relieved histopathological changes of colon tissues, increased colon length, decreased DAI, as well as decreased serum levels of IL-6, -17A, -21, and -23 (P < 0.05). In addition, the injection of LV-miR-219-5p significantly increased the percentage of Treg cells via upregulating Foxp3, and decreased the percentage of Th17 cells via downregulating RORrt and STAT3 in UC mice (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The upregulation of miR-219-5p relieved the colonic damage and inflammation of UC through balancing the differentiation of Treg/Th17 cells.
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El-Maadawy EA, Elshal MF, Bakry RM, Moussa MM, El-Naby S, Talaat RM. Regulation of CD4 +CD25 +FOXP3 + cells in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): Implication of cytokines and miRNAs. Mol Immunol 2020; 124:1-8. [PMID: 32480291 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) is one of the immunosuppressive subsets of CD4+ T cells characterized by transcription factor forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3) expression which are involved in tumor development and progression. Identification of the factors that influence Treg cell function is extremely important. Our current study aimed to evaluate the frequency of Treg cells, cytokine secretion and the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. The frequency of CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg was assessed by flow cytometry in 43 ALL patients versus 42 controls. Plasma levels of IL-10, transcription factor β (TGF-β), IL-6, IL-17, IL-23 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) were measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). miR-21, miR-24, miR-26a, miR133b, miR-148a and miR-155 expression were analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A slight insignificant increase in Treg cells in ALL patients compared to controls was observed. There was a significant elevation in IL-10 (p < 0.05), IL-6 (p < 0.01), IL-23 (p < 0.05) and TNF-α (p < 0.01) in ALL patients compared with controls. Meanwhile, a significant reduction in TGF-β (p < 0.001) was recorded. A slight insignificant decrease in IL-17 in ALL patients was observed.ALL patients showed a significant increase in miR-21 (p < 0.05), miR-148a (p < 0.01), miR-24 (p < 0.05) and a significant reduction in miR-155 (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the slight change in Treg cells frequency and alteration in related cytokines could possibly involve in the pathogenesis of ALL. Dysregulated miRNAs, as a regulatory mechanism of epigenetics, might contribute to these observed results. Further researches are required to confirm our interesting findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A El-Maadawy
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed F Elshal
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat, Egypt.
| | - Rania M Bakry
- South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assuite, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M Moussa
- Clinical Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - SobhyHasab El-Naby
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufiya University, Menoufiya, Egypt.
| | - Roba M Talaat
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat, Egypt.
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Schmitt H, Ulmschneider J, Billmeier U, Vieth M, Scarozza P, Sonnewald S, Reid S, Atreya I, Rath T, Zundler S, Langheinrich M, Schüttler J, Hartmann A, Winkler T, Admyre C, Knittel T, Dieterich Johansson C, Zargari A, Neurath MF, Atreya R. The TLR9 Agonist Cobitolimod Induces IL10-Producing Wound Healing Macrophages and Regulatory T Cells in Ulcerative Colitis. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 14:508-524. [PMID: 31630153 PMCID: PMC7242005 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The topically applied Toll-like receptor 9 [TLR9] agonist cobitolimod is a first-in-class DNA-based oligonucleotide with demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials with ulcerative colitis [UC] patients. We here characterized its anti-inflammatory mechanism in UC. METHODS Luminal cobitolimod administration was evaluated in an experimental dextran sodium sulfate [DSS]-induced colitis model. Cultured blood and mucosal cells from UC patients were treated with cobitolimod and analysed via microarray, quantitative real-time PCR, ELISA and flow cytometry. Intestinal slides of cobitolimod-treated UC patients were analysed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Cobitolimod administration markedly suppressed experimental colitis activity, and microarray analyses demonstrated mucosal IL10 upregulation and suppression of IL17 signalling pathways. Cobitolimod treatment was associated with significant induction of mucosal IL10+Tr1 and Treg cells and suppression of Th17 cells. TLR9 knockout mice indicated that cobitolimod requires TLR9 signalling for IL10 induction. In UC patients, mucosal TLR9 levels correlated with severity of inflammation. Cobitolimod inhibited IL17A and IL17F, but increased IL10 and FoxP3 expression in cultured intestinal UC T cells. Cobitolimod-mediated suppression of intestinal IL17+T cells was abrogated by IL10 blockade. Furthermore, cobitolimod led to heightened IL10 production by wound healing macrophages. Immunohistochemistry in intestinal biopsies of cobitolimod-treated UC patients indicated increased presence of IL10+mononuclear and regulatory T cells, as well as reduction of IL17+cells. CONCLUSION Activation of TLR9 via cobitolimod might represent a novel therapeutic approach in UC, as it suppresses Th17 cells and induces anti-inflammatory IL10+macrophages and regulatory T cells, thereby modifying the dysregulated intestinal cytokine balance. PODCAST This article has an associated podcast which can be accessed at https://academic.oup.com/ecco-jcc/pages/podcast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Schmitt
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Ulmschneider
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Billmeier
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Patrizio Scarozza
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany,Internal Medicine Department, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Sophia Sonnewald
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephen Reid
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Imke Atreya
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timo Rath
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zundler
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Melanie Langheinrich
- Department of Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schüttler
- Department for Anesthesiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Department of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Winkler
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Markus F Neurath
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raja Atreya
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany,Corresponding author: Prof. Raja Atreya, MD, First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany. Tel: 49 9131 85 35115; Fax: 49 9131 85 35116;
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Guo XY, Liu XJ, Hao JY. Gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis: insights on pathogenesis and treatment. J Dig Dis 2020; 21:147-159. [PMID: 32040250 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota constitute the largest reservoir of the human microbiome and are an abundant and stable ecosystem-based on its diversity, complexity, redundancy, and host interactions This ecosystem is indispensable for human development and health. The integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier depends on its interactions with gut microbiota. The commensal bacterial community is implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC). The dysbiosis of microbes is characterized by reduced biodiversity, abnormal composition of gut microbiota, altered spatial distribution, as well as interactions among microbiota, between different strains of microbiota, and with the host. The defects in microecology, with the related metabolic pathways and molecular mechanisms, play a critical role in the innate immunity of the intestinal mucosa in UC. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been used to treat many diseases related to gut microbiota, with the most promising outcome reported in antibiotic-associated diarrhea, followed by IBD. This review evaluated the results of various reports of FMT in UC. The efficacy of FMT remains highly controversial, and needs to be regularized by integrated management, standardization of procedures, and individualization of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yan Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Juan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Yu Hao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Vásquez Velásquez C, Russomando G, Espínola EE, Sanchez Z, Mochizuki K, Roca Y, Revollo J, Guzman A, Quiroga B, Rios Morgan S, Vargas Ortiz R, Zambrana Ortega A, Espinoza E, Nishizawa JE, Kamel MG, Kikuchi M, Mizukami S, Na-Bangchang K, Tien Huy N, Hirayama K. IL-17A, a possible biomarker for the evaluation of treatment response in Trypanosoma cruzi infected children: A 12-months follow-up study in Bolivia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007715. [PMID: 31553732 PMCID: PMC6760767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The National Program for Chagas disease was implemented in Bolivia in 2006, and it greatly decreased the number of infections through vector control. Subsequently, a treatment regimen of benznidazole (BNZ) was started in seropositive school-age children living in certified vector control areas. Methods and findings We conducted a 12-month follow-up study and seven blood samples were taken during and after the treatment. Serology, conventional diagnostic PCR (cPCR) and quantitative Real-time PCR (qPCR) were performed. Plasma Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines levels were also determined. Approximately 73 of 103 seropositive children complied with BNZ, with three interruptions due to side effects. To evaluate each individual’s treatment efficacy, the cPCR and qPCR values during the final 6 months of the follow-up period were observed. Among 57 children who completed follow-up, 6 individuals (11%) showed both cPCR(+) and qPCR(+) (non reactive), 24 (42%) cPCR(-) but qPCR(+) (ambiguous) and 27 (47%) cPCR(-) and qPCR(-) (reactive). Within 14 Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines, IL-17A showed significantly higher levels in seropositive children before the treatment compared to age-matched seronegative children and significantly decreased to the normal level one-year after. Moreover, throughout the follow-up study, IL-17A levels were positively co-related to parasite counts detected by qPCR. At the 12 months’ time point, IL-17A levels of non-reactive subjects were significantly higher than either those of reactive or ambiguous subjects suggesting that IL-17A might be useful to determine the reactivity to BNZ treatment. Conclusions Plasma levels of IL-17A might be a bio-marker for detecting persistent infection of T. cruzi and its chronic inflammation. Chagas is a zoonosis endemic in 21 Latin American countries caused by T. cruzi. Results of common Benznidazole (BNZ) treatment vary by infection phase, treatment period, and dosage. In Bolivia, the national Chagas program controls vector distribution in different regions of the country. The program began BNZ treatment in school-age children from infestation-free endemic areas. Lack of information regarding follow-up and efficacy in children with recent chronic Chagas makes treatment failure difficult to detect in endemic areas. The present study aimed to estimate parasite DNA in blood through quantitative real-time and conventional PCR (qPCR, cPCR), and observe Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine profiling during a 12-month follow-up in Bolivia school children. Results showed persistence of low, substantial amounts of T. cruzi DNA, and significantly higher IL-17A levels in the seropositive group before treatment than the seronegative group, which decreased to seronegative levels one year later. Of 57 treated, 6 showed cPCR positive results 6 months after treatment and were diagnosed as definitely non-reactive (10.5%). The six non-reactive individuals showed significantly higher levels of IL-17A at 12 months than residual reactive (cPCR negative, qPCR negative) and ambiguously reactive (cPCR negative, qPCR positive) groups, indicating that IL-17A might be a biomarker for non-reactive to BNZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Vásquez Velásquez
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Graciela Russomando
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Emilio E. Espínola
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Zunilda Sanchez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Kota Mochizuki
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yelin Roca
- Centro Nacional de Enfermedades Tropicales (CENETROP), Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Jimmy Revollo
- Centro Nacional de Enfermedades Tropicales (CENETROP), Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Angelica Guzman
- Centro Nacional de Enfermedades Tropicales (CENETROP), Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Benjamín Quiroga
- Programa Departamental de Control de Chagas del Ministerio de Salud, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Susana Rios Morgan
- Programa Departamental de Control de Chagas del Ministerio de Salud, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Roberto Vargas Ortiz
- Programa Departamental de Control de Chagas del Ministerio de Salud, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | | | - Eida Espinoza
- Hospital Municipal Warnes "Nuestra Señora del Rosario", Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | | | | | - Mihoko Kikuchi
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shusaku Mizukami
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kesara Na-Bangchang
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Nguyen Tien Huy
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Clinical Product Development, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kenji Hirayama
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Abdelmegid AM, Abdo FK, Ahmed FE, Kattaia AAA. Therapeutic effect of gold nanoparticles on DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice with reference to interleukin-17 expression. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10176. [PMID: 31308463 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46671-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is among the most challenging human diseases. Nanotechnology has incontestable promising outcomes in inflammatory bowel diseases. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of naked gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) induced ulcerative colitis in mice. We also examined the expression of interleukin-17 (IL-17) following AuNPs treatment. Mice were randomly divided into control, DSS and DSS+ AuNPs groups. Severity of colitis was assessed by disease activity index (DAI) measurement. At the end of the experiment, the final body weights were recorded. The colon was dissected and processed for histopathological examinations by light and electron microscopes. Colon homogenates were prepared for assay of tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and real-time PCR analysis of IL-17A. Immunohistochemical localization of IL-17A was carried out. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) detector were used to detect the presence of AuNPs in the colonic tissue of DSS+ AuNPs groups. Our results showed that AuNPs effectively targeted the colonic tissue, and reduced changes induced by DSS. The underlying mechanisms could be related to anti-oxidant effect (as evident by decreasing tissue MDA) and anti-inflammatory potential of AuNPs. Our study draws attention to as a novel therapeutic strategy for treating UC.
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Ma WT, Gao F, Gu K, Chen DK. The Role of Monocytes and Macrophages in Autoimmune Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1140. [PMID: 31178867 PMCID: PMC6543461 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes (Mo) and macrophages (Mϕ) are key components of the innate immune system and are involved in regulation of the initiation, development, and resolution of many inflammatory disorders. In addition, these cells also play important immunoregulatory and tissue-repairing roles to decrease immune reactions and promote tissue regeneration. Several lines of evidence have suggested a causal link between the presence or activation of these cells and the development of autoimmune diseases. In addition, Mo or Mϕ infiltration in diseased tissues is a hallmark of several autoimmune diseases. However, the detailed contributions of these cells, whether they actually initiate disease or perpetuate disease progression, and whether their phenotype and functional alteration are merely epiphenomena are still unclear in many autoimmune diseases. Additionally, little is known about their heterogeneous populations in different autoimmune diseases. Elucidating the relevance of Mo and Mϕ in autoimmune diseases and the associated mechanisms could lead to the identification of more effective therapeutic strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tao Ma
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Kui Gu
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - De-Kun Chen
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Zaylaa M, Al Kassaa I, Alard J, Peucelle V, Boutillier D, Desramaut J, Dabboussi F, Pot B, Grangette C. Probiotics in IBD: Combining in vitro and in vivo models for selecting strains with both anti-inflammatory potential as well as a capacity to restore the gut epithelial barrier. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Sun J, Zhang H, Wang C, Yang M, Chang S, Geng Y, Yang H, Zhuang Z, Wang X, Xie L, Huang B, Zhao N, Zhou W, Cheng X, Cai B, Wu Q, Yu SG. Regulating the Balance of Th17/Treg via Electroacupuncture and Moxibustion: An Ulcerative Colitis Mice Model Based Study. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2017; 2017:7296353. [PMID: 29391874 PMCID: PMC5748152 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7296353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the relationship between the effects of electroacupuncture/moxibustion and the balance of Th17/Treg in treating ulcerative colitis (UC) and to preliminary compare the effects of the above two methods. METHODS DSS-induced UC mice were treated by electroacupuncture and moxibustion. Disease activity index (DAI) was scored; intestinal pathological structure and ultrastructure were observed. The levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-17F, and TGF-β in plasma were measured by ELISA. The percentages of Treg and Th17 in spleen lymphocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry. Also, the expressions of TLR2, TLR4, RORγt, and FOXP3 in the distal colon were detected by immunohistochemistry or western blot. RESULTS Both electroacupuncture and moxibustion can relieve UC. These effects are further supported by ELISA results. In addition, the ratio of Treg and Th17 in spleen lymphocytes and the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 are significantly improved. Also, the expression of RORγt and FOXP3 in distal colon were improved. Besides, the effect of moxibustion is better than that of electroacupuncture on TLR2, TLR4, and FOXP3 expression (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Both electroacupuncture and moxibustion may ameliorate UC by regulating the balance of Th17/Treg. Whether moxibustion has better efficacy than electroacupuncture needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungang Sun
- Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
- Sichuan Integrative Medicine Hospital, 4th Ren Ming Road, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hejiaozi Zhang
- Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, 278 Baoguang Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Chengyulin Wang
- Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Mingxiao Yang
- Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Shyang Chang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yu Geng
- Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Zhiqi Zhuang
- Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Lushuang Xie
- Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Biao Huang
- Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Xinhui Cheng
- Dazhou Integrative Medicine Hospital, Dazhou, Sichuan 635000, China
| | - Bei Cai
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610014, China
| | - Qiaofeng Wu
- Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Shu Guang Yu
- Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
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Wang C, Tang X, Zhang L. Huangqin-Tang and Ingredients in Modulating the Pathogenesis of Ulcerative Colitis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2017; 2017:7016468. [PMID: 28690663 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7016468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is the most common inflammatory bowel disease worldwide. Current therapies in UC cause limitations, and herb medicine provides an important choice for UC treatment. Huangqin-Tang (HQT) is a well-known classical traditional Chinese herbal formula and has been used in China for thousands of years. A large number of pharmacological studies demonstrated HQT and its ingredients to be effective in treating UC. Though the therapeutic effect has been evaluated, comprehensive up-to-date reviews in this field are not yet available. Here we aim to review our current understanding of HQT and its ingredients in treating UC and how the agents modulate the main pathogenesis of the disease, including the intestinal environment, immune imbalance, inflammatory pathways, and oxidative stress. The summary on this issue may provide better understanding of HQT and its ingredients in treating UC and possibly help in promoting its clinical application.
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Oertel S, Scholich K, Weigert A, Thomas D, Schmetzer J, Trautmann S, Wegner MS, Radeke HH, Filmann N, Brüne B, Geisslinger G, Tegeder I, Grösch S. Ceramide synthase 2 deficiency aggravates AOM-DSS-induced colitis in mice: role of colon barrier integrity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:3039-3055. [PMID: 28405720 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2518-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Loss of intestinal barrier functions is a hallmark of inflammatory bowel disease like ulcerative colitis. The molecular mechanisms are not well understood, but likely involve dysregulation of membrane composition, fluidity, and permeability, which are all essentially regulated by sphingolipids, including ceramides of different chain length and saturation. Here, we used a loss-of-function model (CerS2+/+ and CerS2-/- mice) to investigate the impact of ceramide synthase 2, a key enzyme in the generation of very long-chain ceramides, in the dextran sodium salt (DSS) evoked model of UC. CerS2-/- mice developed more severe disease than CerS2+/+ mice in acute DSS and chronic AOM/DSS colitis. Deletion of CerS2 strongly reduced very long-chain ceramides (Cer24:0, 24:1) but concomitantly increased long-chain ceramides and sphinganine in plasma and colon tissue. In naive CerS2-/- mice, the expression of tight junction proteins including ZO-1 was almost completely lost in the colon epithelium, leading to increased membrane permeability. This could also be observed in vitro in CerS2 depleted Caco-2 cells. The increase in membrane permeability in CerS2-/- mice did not manifest with apparent clinical symptoms in naive mice, but with slight inflammatory signs such as an increase in monocytes and IL-10. AOM/DSS and DSS treatment alone led to a further deterioration of membrane integrity and to severe clinical symptoms of the disease. This was associated with stronger upregulation of cytokines in CerS2-/- mice and increased infiltration of the colon wall by immune cells, particularly monocytes, CD4+ and Th17+ T-cells, and an increase in tumor burden. In conclusion, CerS2 is crucial for the maintenance of colon barrier function and epithelial integrity. CerS2 knockdown, and associated changes in several sphingolipids such as a drop in very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, an increase in long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, and sphinganine in the colon, may weaken endogenous defense against the endogenous microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Oertel
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Klaus Scholich
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I-Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dominique Thomas
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Julia Schmetzer
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sandra Trautmann
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marthe-Susanna Wegner
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Heinfried H Radeke
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Natalie Filmann
- Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I-Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (TMP), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Irmgard Tegeder
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sabine Grösch
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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