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McFarland L, Bull R, Cumming T, Wong S. Workplace Bullying in Early Childhood Education Settings: Prevalence and Protective Factors. Int J Early Child 2022:1-22. [PMID: 36341082 PMCID: PMC9618416 DOI: 10.1007/s13158-022-00341-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Workplace bullying in the early childhood education and care (ECEC) sector is a pervasive and significant issue in Australia and globally. Workplace bullying can negatively impact early childhood professionals' mental health, contributing to staff turnover and attrition. Given the current, and predicted, future shortages of ECEC staff, it is critical that strategies be implemented to support staff well-being and maintain healthy and safe workplaces. The aims of this study were to examine the current prevalence of workplace bullying in the ECEC sector in Australia and to identify protective workplace factors associated with lower prevalence of workplace bullying. Using a convergent parallel mixed methods design, findings are drawn from qualitative and quantitative survey questions within a large study on ECEC educators' well-being conducted in Australia. Participants were 591 early childhood professionals working in ECEC a variety of ECEC settings. Findings indicated that 24.6% of respondents reported experiencing workplace bullying and that most bullying was perpetrated by co-workers. Some workplace factors were related to lower rates of bullying, including positive teamwork, better supervisor relations, lower work-related stressors and having greater influence on workplace decisions. Implications of the findings are discussed in relation to informing policy and practices to address workplace bullying in the ECEC sector by identifying aspects of the workplace that serve as protective factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura McFarland
- Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Rebecca Bull
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Tamara Cumming
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Sandie Wong
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW Australia
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Otachi JK, Robertson H, Okoli CTC. Factors associated with workplace violence among healthcare workers in an academic medical center. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:2383-2393. [PMID: 35388480 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined demographic, work-related, and behavioral factors associated with witnessing and/or experiencing workplace violence among healthcare workers. DESIGN AND METHODS Utilizing a correlational design, we analyzed the data to determine the associative factors related to workplace violence among the participants. FINDINGS More than half of the participants (54.5%) reported witnessing (23.8%) or experiencing (30.7%) workplace violence. There were significant differences between health provider groups in witnessing or experiencing workplace violence (Χ2 = 41.9[df12], p < 0.0001). Moreover, the experience of workplace violence differed by practice setting (Χ2 = 65.9[df14], p < 0.0001), with highest rates occurring in psychiatric (45.1%) and emergency (44.1%) services. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Findings may inform research, policies, and practice interventions to assess risks for workplace violence and implement preventative policies within high-risk professional groups and settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet K Otachi
- NIH HEAL Initiative, Healing Communities Study, Substance Use Priority Research Area, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Heather Robertson
- Mental and Behavioral Health Nursing, Behavioral Health Wellness Environments for Living and Learning (BH WELL), University of Kentucky College of Nursing, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Chizimuzo T C Okoli
- Behavioral Health Wellness Environments for Living and Learning (BH WELL), University of Kentucky College of Nursing, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Madsen IEH, Svane-Petersen AC, Holm A, Burr H, Framke E, Melchior M, Rod NH, Sivertsen B, Stansfeld S, Sørensen JK, Virtanen M, Rugulies R. Work-related violence and depressive disorder among 955,573 employees followed for 6.99 million person-years. The Danish Work Life Course Cohort study: Work-related violence and depression. J Affect Disord 2021; 288:136-144. [PMID: 33887623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the association between probability of work-related violence and first diagnosis of depressive disorder whilst accounting for the potential selection of individuals vulnerable to depression into occupations with high probability of work-related violence. METHODS Based on a pre-published study protocol, we analysed nationwide register data from the Danish Work Life Course Cohort study, encompassing 955,573 individuals followed from their entry into the workforce, and free from depressive disorder before work-force entry. Depressive disorder was measured from psychiatric in- and outpatient admissions. We measured work-related violence throughout the worklife by the annual average occupational risk of violence exposure. Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we examined the longitudinal association between work-related violence (both past year and cumulative life-long exposure) and first depressive disorder diagnosis, whilst adjusting for numerous confounders including parental psychiatric and somatic diagnoses, childhood socioeconomic position, and health services use before workforce entry. RESULTS The risk of depressive disorder was higher in individuals with high probability of past year work-related violence (hazard ratio: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.06-1.16) compared to employees with low probability of exposure, after adjustment for confounders. Among women, associations were robust across industries, whereas among men, associations were limited to certain industries. LIMITATIONS Violence was measured on the job group and not the individual level, likely resulting in some misclassification of the exposure. CONCLUSIONS Work-related violence may increase the risk of depressive disorder, independent of pre-existing risk factors for depressive disorder. These findings underline the importance of preventing work-related violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida E H Madsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Anders Holm
- The Rockwool Foundation, Copenhagen, Denmark; Western University, London, Canada
| | - Hermann Burr
- Unit Psychosocial Factors and Mental Health, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Framke
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Melchior
- Social Epidemiology Research Group, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), INSERM UMR_S 1136, Paris, France
| | - Naja Hulvej Rod
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway; Department of Research and Innovation, Helse Fonna HF, Haugesund, Norway; Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stephen Stansfeld
- Centre for Psychiatry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Marianna Virtanen
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland; Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
| | - Reiner Rugulies
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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León-pérez JM, Escartín J, Giorgi G. The Presence of Workplace Bullying and Harassment Worldwide. Concepts, Approaches and Methods 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0134-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Dassisti L, Stufano A, Lovreglio P, Vimercati L, Loconsole P, Grattagliano I. Women and men, authors and victims of workplace bullying in Italy: a literature review. Med Lav 2020; 111:463-477. [PMID: 33311422 PMCID: PMC7809986 DOI: 10.23749/mdl.v111i6.9408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is known in literature that women are frequently victims of murder, sexual assault and stalking. It is interesting to investigate the gender characterization when workplace bullying occurs. OBJECTIVES To investigate the phenomenon of workplace bullying and to understand if there are any relevant data about the gender aspects of workplace bullying by reviewing the literature in Italy. METHODS Review of articles on a sample of Italian workers. The research question followed the P.E.C.O. model and the article selection is based on PRISMA statement. Fourteen research strings were applied on: Pubmed, Microsoft Academic e Science Direct. A total of 32 articles were selected. RESULTS There are few studies in which gender differences on workplace bullying and crimes related are analysed, in some cases it is considered in the research but not in the results section (n=6 articles). In the studies selected women are predominantly victims (n=10 articles), the aggressors instead are usually men (n=2 articles). The attacks suffered by women are frequently discriminations due to family management, children and gender related issues (n=6 articles). Men have the major consequences on mental health if compared to women (n=7 articles). CONCLUSIONS Gender is relevant in the characterization of workplace bullying. There is a need for further investigation focusing on gender differences between perpetrators and victims of workplace bullying offences. A unique evaluation protocol is necessary for evaluating workplace bullying, the crimes linked to it and gender differences, to obtain a more accurate comparability of data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Dassisti
- University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology and Communication.
| | - Angela Stufano
- University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Occupational Medicine section "E.C. Vigliani", Interdisciplinar Department of Medicine.
| | - Piero Lovreglio
- University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Occupational Medicine section "E.C. Vigliani", Interdisciplinar Department of Medicine.
| | - Luigi Vimercati
- University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Occupational Medicine section "B. Ramazzini", Universitary Occupational Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine.
| | - Pasqua Loconsole
- Università degli Studi di Bari, "Aldo Moro", Dipartimento di Scienze della Formazione, Psicologia, Comunicazione.
| | - Ignazio Grattagliano
- University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology and Communication.
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Leach LS, Too LS, Batterham PJ, Kiely KM, Christensen H, Butterworth P. Workplace Bullying and Suicidal Ideation: Findings from an Australian Longitudinal Cohort Study of Mid-Aged Workers. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E1448. [PMID: 32102336 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Workplace bullying adversely affects mental health, yet little is known about the outcomes for suicidal ideation. The current study used Australian population-based data to investigate the association between workplace bullying and suicidal ideation. The sample included 1488 employed participants aged 52–58 from wave 4 of the Personality and Total Health (PATH) Through Life Study. Workplace bullying was measured in two ways: (a) a single item asked about experiences of bullying ‘currently’, ‘previously in the current workplace’ and ‘in a past workplace’, and (b) 15 items asked about bullying behaviours experienced in the past 6 months. Suicidal ideation was measured using items from the Psychiatric Symptom Frequency Scale (PSF) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Psychosocial job quality, both current and prior, was adjusted for. Current and past experiences of workplace bullying were associated with increased risk of suicidal ideation. Current experiences were no longer associated after adjusting for concurrent indicators of psychosocial job stress, although a tendency for increased ideation remained. Reported prior experience of workplace bullying in a past workplace remained associated with higher odds of suicidal ideation after adjusting for prior psychosocial job stressors and excluding individuals with prior suicidal ideation. Being bullied at work is associated with increased risk of suicidal thoughts, although this occurs within the broader influence of other psychologically stressful employment conditions.
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the moderating role of individual (gender, age, education), and occupational (employment duration, workplace position, the duration of negative behaviour, and the number of perpetrators) characteristics of victims and perpetrators of negative workplace behaviours in the relationship between workplace bullying and mental health. On the basis of the study on a sample of 904 employees, it was possible to determine the moderating factors. Protective factors contributing to the maintenance of mental health despite experiencing negative workplace behaviours were (a) male sex, (b) a relatively young age, (c) shorter length of job seniority, and (d) postsecondary education or lower. However, it was adverse for the mental health if negative behaviours were exhibited by a superior and when an employee was convinced that there were several perpetrators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Skuzińska
- Faculty of Administration and Social Sciences, Elbląg University of Humanities and Economy
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Forbes MP, Iyengar S, Kay M. Barriers to the psychological well-being of Australian junior doctors: a qualitative analysis. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e027558. [PMID: 31196900 PMCID: PMC6575636 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore factors associated with the psychological well-being of junior doctors in Australia. DESIGN Qualitative study using semistructured interviews. SETTING Three teaching hospitals in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. PARTICIPANTS Fifteen junior medical officers (postgraduate year 2 doctors) employed across three hospitals in Queensland participated in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Fifteen de-identified interviews were analysed. Four key themes emerged-workplace issues impacting on health and well-being; experiences of bullying and harassment; strategies to improve health and well-being; and barriers to seeking healthcare. CONCLUSION Underlying system and cultural factors affect the health of junior doctors. Self-stigma particularly affects junior doctors and impacts on their healthcare seeking behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm Peter Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sweatha Iyengar
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Margaret Kay
- Primary Care Clinical Unit, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Feijó FR, Gräf DD, Pearce N, Fassa AG. Risk Factors for Workplace Bullying: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:E1945. [PMID: 31159344 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16111945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The goal of this study was to systematically review risk factors for workplace bullying. Methods: The search was carried out in two databases. Studies with estimates of risk factors for workplace bullying were included in the review. We assessed the quality of the selected studies using an adapted version of the Downs and Black checklist. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Meta-analyses of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines were used for reporting papers. Results: Fifty-one papers were included, and 70.6% were from European countries. Women were reported to be at higher risk of being bullied in most studies (odds ratio (OR) from 1.17 to 2.77). Authoritarian and laissez-faire leadership styles were positively associated with bullying. Several psychosocial factors, such as stress (OR from 1.37 to 4.96), and occupational risks related to work organization, such as flexible work methods, role conflict, role ambiguity, monotonous or rotating tasks, high demands, pressure of work, and unclarity of duties were strongly associated with bullying. Discussion: The findings highlight the central role of organizational factors in bullying. Policies to prevent bullying must address the culture of organizations, facing the challenge of developing a new management and leadership framework.
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González-Chica DA, Licinio J, Musker M, Wong M, Bowden J, Hay P, Chittleborough C, Stocks N. Bullying and sexual abuse and their association with harmful behaviours, antidepressant use and health-related quality of life in adulthood: a population-based study in South Australia. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:26. [PMID: 30616538 PMCID: PMC6323811 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-6367-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few representative sample studies have reported estimates of bullying and sexual abuse in Australia. By using face-to-face interviews and self-labelling questions, we investigated the prevalence of these forms of abuse and their relationship with current harmful behaviours (smoking dependence, excessive alcohol intake, binge eating), antidepressant use, and the physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) components of health-related quality of life. Methods This study was a population-based survey that investigated 2873 South Australians in 2015 (48.8 ± 18.1 years; 49.3% males). Bullying and sexual abuse (age of onset and duration) and their outcomes were investigated through household interviews. Associations were adjusted for sociodemographic variables by using regression models. Results 45.6% (95% CI 43.3–47.9) of the participants were bullied, and 10.4% (95% CI 9.1–11.9) sexually abused; 7.3% (95% CI 6.2–8.5) reported experiencing both forms of abuse. Moreover, 15.8% of those bullied and 15.0% of those sexually abused suffered from these forms of abuse for > 24 months. Smoking dependence (7.8%) was twice as frequent among those who experienced bullying for > 24 months or when sexual abuse occurred in childhood (< 10 years) or adulthood (20+ years) or lasted ≥1 month. Excessive alcohol intake (14.3%) was more frequent when bullying occurred in childhood or lasted > 24 months. Binge eating (8.1%) was more frequent among those bullied or sexually abused in adulthood, but duration did not show a clear pattern. Antidepressant use was up to four times more likely, and PCS or MCS lower among those who were bullied or sexually abused, independent of when these forms of abuse started or their duration. The cumulative adverse relationship of bullying and sexual abuse with the investigated outcomes was more evident for smoking dependence, binge eating, PCS, and MCS than for antidepressant use, but no association was observed with alcohol intake. Conclusions The use of self-labelling questions to investigate sensitive areas such as bullying and sexual abuse in a survey is feasible. Such questions provided estimates that are consistent with findings from studies using more detailed instruments. Bullying and sexual abuse have an additive adverse association with various outcomes. Identifying survivors of both forms of abuse is important to avoid more serious consequences. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-6367-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Alejandro González-Chica
- Discipline of General Practice, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Helen Mayo North, Level 1, Room N113, North Terrace Campus, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
| | - Julio Licinio
- College of Medicine, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Michael Musker
- Mind & Brain Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mali Wong
- Mind & Brain Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Bowden
- Population Health Research Group, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Phillipa Hay
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Nigel Stocks
- Discipline of General Practice, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Helen Mayo North, Level 1, Room N113, North Terrace Campus, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Allison
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Tarun Bastiampillai
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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