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Linn C, O’Malley A, Khatri K, Wright EM, Sebagh D, Grbić M, Kowal K, Chruszcz M. Microscopic Menaces: The Impact of Mites on Human Health. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3675. [PMID: 38612486 PMCID: PMC11011512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Mites are highly prevalent arthropods that infest diverse ecological niches globally. Approximately 55,000 species of mites have been identified but many more are yet to be discovered. Of the ones we do know about, most go unnoticed by humans and animals. However, there are several species from the Acariformes superorder that exert a significant impact on global human health. House dust mites are a major source of inhaled allergens, affecting 10-20% of the world's population; storage mites also cause a significant allergy in susceptible individuals; chiggers are the sole vectors for the bacterium that causes scrub typhus; Demodex mites are part of the normal microfauna of humans and their pets, but under certain conditions populations grow out of control and affect the integrity of the integumentary system; and scabies mites cause one of the most common dermatological diseases worldwide. On the other hand, recent genome sequences of mites provide novel tools for mite control and the development of new biomaterial with applications in biomedicine. Despite the palpable disease burden, mites remain understudied in parasitological research. By better understanding mite biology and disease processes, researchers can identify new ways to diagnose, manage, and prevent common mite-induced afflictions. This knowledge can lead to improved clinical outcomes and reduced disease burden from these remarkably widespread yet understudied creatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Linn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (C.L.); (A.O.); (K.K.); (E.M.W.); (D.S.)
| | - Andrea O’Malley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (C.L.); (A.O.); (K.K.); (E.M.W.); (D.S.)
| | - Kriti Khatri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (C.L.); (A.O.); (K.K.); (E.M.W.); (D.S.)
| | - Elaine M. Wright
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (C.L.); (A.O.); (K.K.); (E.M.W.); (D.S.)
| | - Dylan Sebagh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (C.L.); (A.O.); (K.K.); (E.M.W.); (D.S.)
| | - Miodrag Grbić
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada;
| | - Krzysztof Kowal
- Department of Allergology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland;
- Department of Experimental Allergology and Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Maksymilian Chruszcz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (C.L.); (A.O.); (K.K.); (E.M.W.); (D.S.)
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Zhou Y, Zhu X, Ren Y, Hui Y. Distribution of Cheyletus mites in dust samples. The European Zoological Journal 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2022.2126533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics Laboratory, The Affiliated Wuxi Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - X. Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Y. Ren
- Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Y. Hui
- Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Wuxi Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
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Oliveira AS, Gaspar C, Rolo J, Pereira CC, Palmeira-de-Oliveira R, Teixeira JP, Martinez-de-Oliveira J, Palmeira-de-Oliveira A. Development of a new multiplex PCR to detect prevalent species of house dust mites in house dust. Int J Environ Health Res 2022; 32:1500-1512. [PMID: 33685302 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1893282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae are the most common House Dust Mite (HDM) species in home environments worldwide and responsible for HDM allergy. Since the prevalence of HDM-related clinical conditions is linked to exposure to the mite itself, the detection of HDM in the human households gains importance. We aimed to develop a fast and accessible multiplex PCR to detect and distinguish two relevant HDM species in house dust. New primers were designed, and sensitivity analysis was performed. Sequencing of PCR products was also performed to confirm the method's specificity. The limit of detection of the multiplex PCR for both species was as low as 30 pg µL-1. The application of the multiplex PCR to dust samples also resulted in the identification of both species with high sensitivity. The protocol required small amount of template, reagents and a short reaction time thus presenting an alternative to classically used techniques for HDM identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Oliveira
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior Av. Infante D. Henrique, Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences,University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Carlos Gaspar
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior Av. Infante D. Henrique, Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences,University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, Covilhã, Portugal
- Labfit - Health Products Research and Development Lda, UBImedical, Estrada Nacional, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Joana Rolo
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior Av. Infante D. Henrique, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cristiana Costa Pereira
- National Institute of Health,Environmental Health Department, Rua Alexandre Herculano, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Palmeira-de-Oliveira
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior Av. Infante D. Henrique, Covilhã, Portugal
- Labfit - Health Products Research and Development Lda, UBImedical, Estrada Nacional, Covilhã, Portugal
- fCNC - Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine (Polo 1), Rua Larga, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- National Institute of Health,Environmental Health Department, Rua Alexandre Herculano, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Martinez-de-Oliveira
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior Av. Infante D. Henrique, Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences,University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Palmeira-de-Oliveira
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior Av. Infante D. Henrique, Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences,University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, Covilhã, Portugal
- Labfit - Health Products Research and Development Lda, UBImedical, Estrada Nacional, Covilhã, Portugal
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4
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Wang Y, Tao XL, Fang Y, Fang WX, Shao HF, Zhan YJ, Li XM, Hu TT, Ye CJ, Liu F, Sun ET. A rapid identification method for common astigmatid species based on multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Vet Res Forum 2022; 13:587-591. [PMID: 36686860 PMCID: PMC9840793 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2021.135877.3046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Astigmatid mites are economically significant pests of stored products and sources of inhalant allergens causing allergic rhinitis and asthma worldwide. The morphological identification of astigmatid mites at the species level is often a difficult task due to their small size, phenotypic similarity and lack of diagnostic characters. We used multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify astigmatid mite species, which could complement the morphological data for the species-specific identification of mites. Internal ribosomal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences (i.e., partial 18S, the full length of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and partial 28S) from eight astigmatid species (Acarus siro, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, Suidasia nesbitti, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, Lepidoglyphus destructor, Chortoglyphus arcuatus and Gohieria fuscus) were obtained by DNA extraction and then sequenced after PCR amplification. Specific primers were designed in the ITS2 region manually. Results revealed that an identification method for eight common astigmatid species was established based on multiplex PCR, which should be effective for the identification of other species of mites by redesigning species-specific primers in future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Faculty of Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China., Yan Wang and Xiang-Lin Tao were the co-first authors who contributed equally to this work
| | - Xiang-Lin Tao
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Faculty of Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China., Yan Wang and Xiang-Lin Tao were the co-first authors who contributed equally to this work
| | - Yu Fang
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Faculty of Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.
| | - Wei-Xi Fang
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Faculty of Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.
| | - Huang-Fang Shao
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Faculty of Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.
| | - Yu-Juan Zhan
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Faculty of Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.
| | - Xin-Mei Li
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Faculty of Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.
| | - Ting-Ting Hu
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Faculty of Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.
| | - Chang-Jiang Ye
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Faculty of Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Faculty of Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.
| | - En-Tao Sun
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Faculty of Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,Correspondence En-Tao Sun. PhD Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Faculty of Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China E-mail: Fei Liu. PhD Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Faculty of Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China E-mail:
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5
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Fang Y, Tao L, Zhou X, Liu L, Li F, Yang Q, Xia X, Zhou S, Sun E. The complete mitochondrial genome of Scatoglyphus polytrematus (Acari: Acaridae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2021; 6:1680-1681. [PMID: 34104735 PMCID: PMC8143620 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2021.1927874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We assembled and annotated the complete mitochondrial genome of Scatoglyphus polytrematus. It is the first complete mitochondrial genome sequence from the genus Scatoglyphus. The mitogenome was 13,966 bp in length and contains 37 genes (including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA), and two ribosomal RNA (rRNA)), and one largest non-coding region. The gene arrangement of S. polytrematus is consistent with the pattern of possible common ancestor of astigmatid mites. In the present study, phylogenetic analysis shows that genus Scatoglyphus was clustered into one branch with other Acaridae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fang
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Li Tao
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhou
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Luyao Liu
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Feiyan Li
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Xingquan Xia
- College of Life Science, The Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Shulin Zhou
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Entao Sun
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
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6
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Abstract
Molecular identification of acaroid mites is difficult because of the scarcity of molecular data in GenBank. Here, acaroid mites collected from ground flour dust in Xi'an, China, were preliminarily morphologically classified/grouped. Universal primers were then designed to amplify and screen suitable DNA barcodes for identifying these mites. Sixty mite samples were morphologically classified into six groups. Groups 1-2 were identified to Dermatophagoides farinae and Tyrophagus putrescentiae, while Groups 3-6 were not identified to the species level. ITS2 exhibited higher efficiency in molecular identification in comparison with COI, 12S, and 16S. Groups 1-6 were identified as D. farinae, T. putrescentiae, Suidasia nesbitti, Chortoglyphus arcuatus, Lepidoglyphus destructor, and Gohieria sp., respectively. The phylogenetic results were consistent with the morphological classification. Group 6 was further identified as G. fusca according to the morphology of the reproductive foramen. We conclude that the use of ITS2 and the availability of universal primers provide an ideal DNA barcode for molecular identification of acaroid mites. The use of multiple target genetic markers in conjunction with morphological approaches will improve the accuracy of Acaridida identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyu Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Juan Cheng
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Weifang No.2 People's Hospital, No. 7 Yuanxiao Street, Weifang 261041, China
| | - Yae Zhao
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Dongling Niu
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hongsong Guo
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
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7
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Retzinger AC, Retzinger GS. Mites, ticks, anaphylaxis and allergy: The Acari hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:110257. [PMID: 33254563 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Anaphylaxis is a poorly understood immune process in which a Th2-/IgE-mediated adaptive response commandeers cellular machinery, typically reserved for defense against multicellular ectoparasites, to activate against otherwise benign molecules. Its clinical manifestations consist of rapid pathophysiological reflexes that target epithelial surfaces. The galactose-α-1,3-galactose hypersensitivity response is a compelling model of anaphylaxis for which causation has been demonstrated. At the core of the model, a tick bite sensitizes a recipient to a tick foodstuff. As proposed herein, the model likely informs on the origin of all allergic inflammation; namely, allergy is not intended to protect against seemingly harmless and irrelevant materials, but is, instead, intended to rid epithelial surfaces of pathogen-bearing Acari, i.e., mites and ticks. The demonstrated adjuvant activity of acarian gastrointestinal secretions, when paired with the polyphagous diet of mites, renders acarians eminently suited to accounting, mechanistically, for many, if not all, human allergies.
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Abstract
Allergies to various environmental factors, in particular mite species, represent
a considerable healthcare burden with lost productivity resulting from symptoms
including asthma, conjunctivitis, rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. The
complexity of mite species and the allergens that they produce complicates
diagnosis and treatment; however, the advent of recombinant DNA technologies now
allows clinicians to better pinpoint the specific sensitizing agents and creates
new opportunities for avoidance or immunotherapy. Here we discuss the advantages
and disadvantages of traditional and novel diagnostic and therapeutic platforms,
with particular consideration given to multiplex tests able to generate
patient-specific allergen profiles. Immunotherapies tailored to such profiles
may be safer and more effective than generalized treatments, but many hurdles,
including the costs associated with identifying the protein or protein
combinations able to exert the safest and most beneficial effects, must be
overcome before such therapies can be globally applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- 1 Department of Pediatric Respiratory, Wuxi Children's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Jun Qian
- 1 Department of Pediatric Respiratory, Wuxi Children's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- 2 Department of Pediatrics Laboratory, Wuxi Children's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Yubao Cui
- 3 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
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Ueda DM, Borges R, Poloni da Silva JE. Infestation of mites in external auditory canal. Ear Nose Throat J 2018. [PMID: 28636743 DOI: 10.1177/014556131709600610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Massatsugu Ueda
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Ernieenor FCL, Ernna G, Jafson AS, Mariana A. PCR identification and phylogenetic analysis of the medically important dust mite Suidasia medanensis (Acari: Suidasiidae) in Malaysia. Exp Appl Acarol 2018; 76:99-107. [PMID: 30151715 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-018-0285-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of Suidasia medanensis (= S. pontifica) mites in Malaysian house dust was first reported in 1984. The taxonomy of this storage mite is, however, quite confusing. Therefore, we need an accurate identification to resolve morphological problems due to its minute size and some overlapping characters between species. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the application of partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences for the identification of S. medanensis by PCR. Identity of the mite was first determined by observing morphological characters under a light microscope. Genomic DNA of S. medanensis mites was successfully extracted prior to PCR and DNA sequencing using COI universal primers. The length of the COI sequences obtained was 378 bp. BLAST analysis of amplicon sequences showed that local S. medanensis COI region had 99% maximum identity with S. medanensis nucleotide sequence (AY525568) available in the GenBank. As the phylogenetic tree generated indicated, COI sequences from this study were clustered with S. medanensis from Korea and the UK in one major clade, supported with high bootstrap value (> 85%). Results of the phylogenetic analysis of this COI gene were congruent with the morphological identification and provided strong support for a single clade of local S. medanensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C L Ernieenor
- Acarology Unit, Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - G Ernna
- Acarology Unit, Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A S Jafson
- Acarology Unit, Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A Mariana
- Acarology Unit, Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Abstract
Insects and mites are common inhabitants and accidental invaders of food, including durable commodities, and their presence can have both direct and indirect effects on human health. The most common direct effect is contamination of food with arthropod fragments and related contaminants, which may be allergenic or even carcinogenic. The most important indirect effect is that their presence can change the storage microenvironment, making durable products suitable for the rapid development of fungi and other microorganisms. Some of these fungi can produce toxins (e.g., aflatoxins) that endanger human health. Insects may actively or passively contribute to the spread of microorganisms, increasing product contamination, and they may host bacteria that have developed antibiotic resistance, contributing to their spread in food. Several species also may host, attract, or transmit tapeworms, predators, or parasitoids that may affect health. This review synthesizes research on these topics and suggests directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hubert
- Crop Research Institute, 161 06 Prague 6, Czechia; ,
| | | | - Christos G Athanassiou
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Nea Ionia, Volos 384 46, Magnesia, Greece;
| | - James E Throne
- San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Parlier, California 93648-9757, USA;
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Naicker N, Teare J, Balakrishna Y, Wright CY, Mathee A. Indoor Temperatures in Low Cost Housing in Johannesburg, South Africa. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017; 14:E1410. [PMID: 29156558 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14111410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ambient and indoor temperature affects thermal comfort and human health. In a changing climate with a predicted change in temperature extremes, understanding indoor temperatures, both hot and cold, of different housing types is important. This study aimed to assess the hourly, daily and monthly variation in indoor temperatures in different housing types, namely formal houses, informal houses, flats, government-built low-cost houses and old, apartheid era low-cost housing, in five impoverished urban communities in Johannesburg, South Africa. During the cross-sectional survey of the Health, Environment and Development study data loggers were installed in 100 homes (20 per suburb) from February to May 2014. Indoor temperature and relative humidity were recorded on an hourly basis. Ambient outdoor temperatures were obtained from the nearest weather station. Indoor and outdoor temperature and relative humidity levels were compared; and an inter-comparison between the different housing types were also made. Apparent temperature was calculated to assess indoor thermal comfort. Data from 59 retrieved loggers showed a significant difference in monthly mean indoor temperature between the five different housing types (p < 0.0001). Low cost government-built houses and informal settlement houses had the greatest variation in temperature and experienced temperatures between 4 and 5 °C warmer than outdoor temperatures. Housing types occupied by poor communities experienced indoor temperature fluctuations often greater than that observed for ambient temperatures. Families living in government-built low-cost and informally-constructed homes are the most at risk for indoor temperature extremes. These types of housing should be prioritised for interventions aimed at assisting families to cope with extreme temperatures, gaining optimal thermal comfort and preventing temperature-related health effects.
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Zhang X, Campbell YL, Phillips TW, Abbar S, Goddard J, Schilling MW. Application of Food-Grade Ingredients to Nets for Dry Cured Hams to Control Mite Infestations. Meat and Muscle Biology 2017. [DOI: 10.22175/mmb2017.02.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Infestations of Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank; Sarcoptiformes: Acaridae), known as the ham mite, may occur on dry cured hams during the aging process. The fumigant methyl bromide is currently used to control mite infestations, but it will eventually not be available for use since it contributes to the depletion of the ozone layer. The use of ham nets treated with xanthan gum, carrageenan, propylene glycol alginate, and propylene glycol food-grade ingredients on mite orientation to or oviposition on treated or untreated ham cubes, and mite reproduction and population growth over a 10-wk period was evaluated. Behavioral tests indicated that more than 95% of the mites oriented to the ham cubes that were wrapped in untreated nets when compared to treated nets and no eggs were laid on the latter. The reproduction assays demonstrated that there were fewer (P < 0.05) T. putrescentiae produced over a 2-wk period on ham cubes covered with both gum and propylene glycol treated nets, when compared to the untreated or gum-only treated nets over the 10-wk storage period of the experiment. Medium and high concentrations of propylene glycol treatments showed the lowest reproductive rates of mites. No more than 4 mites could be found on each of these treatments in comparison to 200 to 300 mites that were recorded on the untreated hams. This study demonstrated efficacy of using the nets treated with food-grade ingredients during ham aging to control mite infestations on a laboratory scale. Further research will be conducted to determine the effectiveness of the same treated nets on whole hams in commercial aging rooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Mississippi State University Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion
| | - Yan L. Campbell
- Mississippi State University Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion
| | | | - Salehe Abbar
- Kansas State University Department of Entomology
| | - Jerome Goddard
- Mississippi State University Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology
| | - M. Wes Schilling
- Mississippi State University Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion
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Ziyaei T, Berenji F, Jabbari-Azad F, Fata A, Jarahi L, Fereidouni M. House Dust Mite Prevalence in the House of Patients with Atopic Dermatitis in Mashhad, Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2017; 11:309-314. [PMID: 29062855 PMCID: PMC5641619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Being exposed to house dust mites intensifies atopic dermatitis. This study has investigated the contamination rate with Dermatophagoides mites in patient's residential home with atopic dermatitis. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 40 patients took part with atopic dermatitis (positive or negative for mites by prick Dermal Test). Samples were collected from 3 locations (living room, bedroom and bed) by vacuum cleaner. Dust samples (transferred to freezer -20 °C) were examined by direct method and flotation. The data were analyzed using statistical SPSS vr.20 software. RESULTS Twenty patients of positive prick test included 8 (40%) male and 12 (60%) female. The results of direct observation of mites: 7 cases (35%) in bedding sheets, 6 cases (30%) bedrooms' carpet, 3 cases (15%) living room's carpet. Twenty patients of negative prick test included 8 (40%) male and 12 (60%) female. Only mites were found (5%) in living room's carpets of negative prick test patients. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus was more frequent than Dermatophagoides farinae. (98% vs 83%). CONCLUSION Fifty-five percent of residential homes of prick test positive patients and only 5% of residential homes of prick test negative patients were positive for mite. Sunshine provided home had fewer mites than home where sunshine is not provided. Prick test positive patients used handmade carpets more than machine made ones. In positive prick test patients, mites were found in bed sheet and bedroom's carpet more than negative prick test patient's sheets and carpets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toktam Ziyaei
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fariba Berenji
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Corresponding author: Dr Fariba Berenji, E-mail:
| | - Farahzad Jabbari-Azad
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Head of Allergy Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abdolmajid Fata
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Lida Jarahi
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Fereidouni
- Department of Immunology, Asthma, Allergy and Immunology Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Khalifa RMA, Abdellatif MZM, Ahmed AK, Yones DA, El-Mazary AAM, Aly LH, El-Seify MA, Haridi MA. First case of intestinal acariasis from Egypt. Springerplus 2016; 5:28. [PMID: 26788440 PMCID: PMC4710620 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1584-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We are hereby reporting a case where the eggs and adults of the mold mites; Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Shrank) and the trophozoites of Blastocystis sp. were found in stool of three years old child from Minia City, Egypt. Intestinal mite infection was diagnosed after repeated identification of mite’ stages from six consecutive stool samples to exclude the possibilities of contamination and spurious infection. The patient was suffering from severe colicky abdominal pain and burning sensation around the anus one month ago. All other members of his family were having the same acarine in their feces, but were all symptomless. The patient was treated with ivermectin 200 µg/kg body weight once every 10 days for three doses. His cure indicated that he was having asymptomatic blastocystosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refaat M A Khalifa
- Medical Parasitology Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | | | - Doaa A Yones
- Medical Parasitology Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Lamia H Aly
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A El-Seify
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr Elsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Moustafa A Haridi
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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