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Wang X, Gong Q, Nie H, Tu J, Fan W, Tan X. High level of C3 is associated with Th2 immune response and liver fibrosis in patients with schistosomiasis. Parasite Immunol 2024; 46:e13029. [PMID: 38465509 DOI: 10.1111/pim.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Long-term infection of schistosomiasis will seriously affect the liver health of patients. The serum of 334 chronic Schistosoma japonicum patients and 149 healthy volunteers was collected. Compared with heathy people, the level of C4 (complement 4) was increased, and the level of C3 (complement 3) was in an obvious skewed distribution. ELISA was performed to detect the serum cytokines, the results showed that the levels of IFN-γ (interferon-γ), IL (interleukin)-2 and TNF-α (tumour necrosis factor-α) were reduced, while the levels of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10) were increased. In the serum of patients with high C3, the secretion of HA (hyaluronic acid), LN (laminin), IV-C (type IV collagen) and PCIII (type III procollagen) were increased, the activation of hepatic stellate cells was promoted. Exogenous human recombinant C3 made mice liver structure of the mice damaged and collagen deposition. IFN-γ and IFN-γ/IL-4 were decreased, while HA, LN, PCIII and IV-C were increased, and the expressions of α-SMA and TGF-β1 in liver tissues were up-regulated. However, the addition of IFN-γ partially reversed the effect of C3 on promoting fibrosis. High level of C3 is associated with Th2 immune response and liver fibrosis in patients with schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianmo Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China
| | - Quan Gong
- Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hao Nie
- Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiancheng Tu
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Clinical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei province, China
| | - Wen Fan
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaoping Tan
- Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China
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Zhou C, Li J, Guo C, Zhou Z, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Jiang J, Cai Y, Zhou J, Xia M, Ming Y. Alterations in gut microbiome and metabolite profile of patients with Schistosoma japonicum infection. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:346. [PMID: 37798771 PMCID: PMC10552355 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05970-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosoma infection is a significant public health issue, affecting over 200 million individuals and threatening 700 million people worldwide. The species prevalent in China is Schistosoma japonicum. Recent studies showed that both gut microbiota and metabolome are closely related to schistosomiasis caused by S. japonicum, but clinical study is limited and the underlying mechanism is largely unclear. This study aimed to explore alterations as well as function of gut microbiota and metabolite profile in the patients with S. japonicum infection. METHODS This study included 20 patients diagnosed with chronic schistosomiasis caused by S. japonicum, eight patients with advanced schistosomiasis caused by S. japonicum and 13 healthy volunteers. The fresh feces of these participators, clinical examination results and basic information were collected. 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was used to investigate gut microbiota, while ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) was applied to explore the metabolome of patients in different stages of schistosomiasis. RESULTS The study found that gut microbiota and metabolites were altered in patients with different stages of S. japonicum infection. Compared with healthy control group, the gut microbial diversity in patients with chronic S. japonicum infection was decreased significantly. However, the diversity of gut microbiota in patients with chronic schistosomiasis was similar to that in patients with advanced schistosomiasis. Compared with uninfected people, patients with schistosomiasis showed decreased Firmicutes and increased Proteobacteria. As disease progressed, Firmicutes was further reduced in patients with advanced S. japonicum infection, while Proteobacteria was further increased. In addition, the most altered metabolites in patients with S. japonicum infection were lipids and lipid-like molecules as well as organo-heterocyclic compounds, correlated with the clinical manifestations and disease progress of schistosomiasis caused by S. japonicum. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that the gut microbiota and metabolome altered in patients in different stages of schistosomiasis, which was correlated with progression of schistosomiasis caused by S. japonicum. This inter-omics analysis may shed light on a better understanding of the mechanisms of the progression of S. japonicum infection and contribute to identifying new potential targets for the diagnosis and prognosis of S. japonicum infection. However, a large sample size of validation in clinic is needed, and further study is required to investigate the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhou
- Transplantation Center, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junhui Li
- Transplantation Center, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chen Guo
- Transplantation Center, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoqin Zhou
- Transplantation Center, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Transplantation Center, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Transplantation Center, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Transplantation Center, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Cai
- Schistosomiasis Control Institute of Hunan Province, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Schistosomiasis Control Institute of Hunan Province, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Meng Xia
- Schistosomiasis Control Institute of Hunan Province, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yingzi Ming
- Transplantation Center, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Guo C, Zhang P, Li J, Zhou C, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Zhou J, Cai Y, Ming Y. The characteristics of intestinal microbiota in patients with chronic schistosomiasis japonica-induced liver fibrosis by 16S rRNA gene sequence. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1276404. [PMID: 37854336 PMCID: PMC10579597 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1276404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The intestinal microbiota is known to play a role in the development of liver disease, there is a limited understanding of the intestinal microbiota associated with chronic schistosomiasis japonica. This study sought to explore the characteristics of the intestinal microbiota in patients with chronic schistosomiasis japonica and identify potential biomarkers that could aid diagnosis. Methods A total of 40 residents of Qingshan Island in Yueyang (Hunan, China) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. These individuals were divided into two groups for analysis of the intestinal microbiota: patients with chronic schistosomiasis japonica-induced liver fibrosis group (CSJ group, n = 10) and a healthy control group (HC group, n = 30). Feces were collected from each participant and analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, which included species composition analysis at the phylum and family levels, α and β diversity analysis, LEfSe, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) and Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COG) analysis. Results Our results indicated that Schistosoma japonicum infection changed the composition and abundance of intestinal microbiota at the phylum and family levels. Compared with the HC group, the α and β diversity results showed that CSJ group had low diversity of species of the intestinal microbiome. LEfSe and relative abundance analysis found that the Prevotella 7, Alloprevotella, and Holdemanella genera were significantly higher in the CSJ group than in the HC group. Meanwhile, the ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of Prevotella 7, Alloprevotella, and Holdemanella genera was 0.779, 0.769, and 0.840, respectively. KEGG and COG analysis showed that the Replication and Repair, and Defense Mechanism pathways correlated strongly with chronic schistosomiasis japonica infection. Conclusion The current study was the first to explore differences in the intestinal microbiota of patients with chronic schistosomiasis japonica-induced liver fibrosis and healthy people from Qingshan Island, which indicated that Prevotella 7, Alloprevotella, and Holdemanella genera could have a potential value in non-invasive diagnosis of chronic schistosomiasis japonica-induced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Guo
- Organ Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of the National Ministry of Health, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pengpeng Zhang
- Organ Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of the National Ministry of Health, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junhui Li
- Organ Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of the National Ministry of Health, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Organ Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of the National Ministry of Health, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Organ Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of the National Ministry of Health, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Organ Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of the National Ministry of Health, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yulin Luo
- Organ Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of the National Ministry of Health, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Hunan Institute of Schistosomiasis Control, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Cai
- Hunan Institute of Schistosomiasis Control, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yingzi Ming
- Organ Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of the National Ministry of Health, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Huang X, Yang Y, Li X, Zhu X, Lin D, Ma Y, Zhou M, Cui X, Zhang B, Dang D, Lü Y, Yue C. The gut microbiota: A new perspective for tertiary prevention of hepatobiliary and gallbladder diseases. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1089909. [PMID: 36814514 PMCID: PMC9940272 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1089909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem that has coevolved with the human body for hundreds of millions of years. In the past 30 years, with the progress of gene sequencing and omics technology, the research related to gut microbiota has developed rapidly especially in the field of digestive system diseases and systemic metabolic diseases. Mechanical, biological, immune, and other factors make the intestinal flora form a close bidirectional connection with the liver and gallbladder, which can be called the "gut-liver-biliary axis." Liver and gallbladder, as internal organs of the peritoneum, suffer from insidious onset, which are not easy to detect. The diagnosis is often made through laboratory chemical tests and imaging methods, and intervention measures are usually taken only when organic lesions have occurred. At this time, some people may have entered the irreversible stage of disease development. We reviewed the literature describing the role of intestinal flora in the pathogenesis and biotherapy of hepatobiliary diseases in the past 3-5 years, including the dynamic changes of intestinal flora at different stages of the disease, as well as the signaling pathways involved in intestinal flora and its metabolites, etc. After summarizing the above contents, we hope to highlight the potential of intestinal flora as a new clinical target for early prevention, early diagnosis, timely treatment and prognosis of hepatobiliary diseases. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Huang
- Yan’an Key Laboratory of Microbial Drug Innovation and Transformation, School of Basic Medicine, Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Yan’an Key Laboratory of Microbial Drug Innovation and Transformation, School of Basic Medicine, Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xueli Li
- Yan’an Key Laboratory of Microbial Drug Innovation and Transformation, School of Basic Medicine, Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhu
- Yan’an Key Laboratory of Microbial Drug Innovation and Transformation, School of Basic Medicine, Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan Lin
- Yan’an Key Laboratory of Microbial Drug Innovation and Transformation, School of Basic Medicine, Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yueran Ma
- Yan’an Key Laboratory of Microbial Drug Innovation and Transformation, School of Basic Medicine, Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Yan’an Key Laboratory of Microbial Drug Innovation and Transformation, School of Basic Medicine, Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiangyi Cui
- Yan’an Key Laboratory of Microbial Drug Innovation and Transformation, School of Basic Medicine, Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bingyu Zhang
- Yan’an Key Laboratory of Microbial Drug Innovation and Transformation, School of Basic Medicine, Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongmei Dang
- Yan’an Key Laboratory of Microbial Drug Innovation and Transformation, School of Basic Medicine, Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China,*Correspondence: Changwu Yue, ; Yuhong Lü, ; Dongmei Dang,
| | - Yuhong Lü
- Yan’an Key Laboratory of Microbial Drug Innovation and Transformation, School of Basic Medicine, Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China,*Correspondence: Changwu Yue, ; Yuhong Lü, ; Dongmei Dang,
| | - Changwu Yue
- Yan’an Key Laboratory of Microbial Drug Innovation and Transformation, School of Basic Medicine, Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China,*Correspondence: Changwu Yue, ; Yuhong Lü, ; Dongmei Dang,
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Fu S, Yuan Y, Tian X, Zhou L, Guo L, Zhang D, He J, Peng C, Qiu Y, Ye C, Liu Y, Zong B. Detection of Colistin Sulfate on Piglet Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiome Alterations. Vet Sci 2022; 9. [PMID: 36548827 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9120666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome exerts important functions on host health maintenance, whereas excessive antibiotic use may cause gut flora dysfunction resulting in serious disease and dysbiosis. Colistin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with serious resistance phenomena. However, it is unclear whether colistin alters the gastrointestinal tract microbiome in piglets. In this study, 16s rDNA-based metagenome analyses were used to assess the effects of colistin on the modification of the piglet microbiome in the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, cecum, and feces. Both α- and β-diversity indices showed that colistin modified microbiome composition in these gastrointestinal areas. In addition, colistin influenced microbiome composition at the phylum and genus levels. At the species level, colistin upregulated Mycoplasma hyorhinis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Lactobacillus agilis, Weissella paramesenteroides, and Lactobacillus salivarius abundance, but downregulated Actinobacillus indolicus, Campylobacter fetus, Glaesserella parasuis, Moraxella pluranimalium, Veillonella caviae, Neisseria dentiae, and Prevotella disiens abundance in stomachs. Colistin-fed piglets showed an increased abundance of Lactobacillus mucosae, Megasphaera elsdenii DSM 20460, Fibrobacter intestinalis, and Unidentified rumen bacterium 12-7, but Megamonas funiformis, Uncultured Enterobacteriaceae bacterium, Actinobacillus porcinus, Uncultured Bacteroidales bacterium, and Uncultured Clostridiaceae bacterium abundance was decreased in the cecum. In feces, colistin promoted Mucispirillum schaedleri, Treponema berlinense, Veillonella magna, Veillonella caviae, and Actinobacillus porcinus abundance when compared with controls. Taken together, colistin modified the microbiome composition of gastrointestinal areas in piglets. This study provides new clinical rationalization strategies for colistin on the maintenance of animal gut balance and human public health.
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Zhou C, Li J, Guo C, Zhou Z, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Jiang J, Cai Y, Zhou J, Ming Y. Comparison of intestinal flora between patients with chronic and advanced Schistosoma japonicum infection. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:413. [PMID: 36345042 PMCID: PMC9640844 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05539-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schistosoma japonicum infection is an important public health problem, imposing heavy social and economic burdens in 78 countries worldwide. However, the mechanism of transition from chronic to advanced S. japonicum infection remains largely unknown. Evidences suggested that gut microbiota plays a role in the pathogenesis of S. japonicum infection. However, the composition of the gut microbiota in patients with chronic and advanced S. japonicum infection is not well defined. In this study, we compared the composition of the intestinal flora in patients with chronic and advanced S. japonicum infection. Methods The feces of 24 patients with chronic S. japonicum infection and five patients with advanced S. japonicum infection from the same area were collected according to standard procedures, and 16S rRNA sequencing technology was used to analyze the intestinal microbial composition of the two groups of patients. Results We found that alteration occurs in the gut microbiota between the groups of patients with chronic and advanced S. japonicum infections. Analysis of alpha and beta diversity indicated that the diversity and abundance of intestinal flora in patients with advanced S. japonicum infection were lower than those in patients with chronic S. japonicum infection. Furthermore, Prevotella 9, Subdoligranulum, Ruminococcus torques, Megamonas and Fusicatenibacter seemed to have potential to discriminate different stages of S. japonicum infection and to act as biomarkers for diagnosis. Function prediction analysis revealed that microbiota function in the chronic group was focused on translation and cell growth and death, while that in the advanced group was concentrated on elevating metabolism-related functions. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that alteration in gut microbiota in different stages of S. japonicum infection plays a potential role in the pathogenesis of transition from chronic to advanced S. japonicum infection. However, further validation in the clinic is needed, and the underlying mechanism requires further study. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05539-6.
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Lin D, Song Q, Liu J, Chen F, Zhang Y, Wu Z, Sun X, Wu X. Potential Gut Microbiota Features for Non-Invasive Detection of Schistosomiasis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:941530. [PMID: 35911697 PMCID: PMC9330540 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.941530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has been identified as a predictive biomarker for various diseases. However, few studies focused on the diagnostic accuracy of gut microbiota derived-signature for predicting hepatic injuries in schistosomiasis. Here, we characterized the gut microbiomes from 94 human and mouse stool samples using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The diversity and composition of gut microbiomes in Schistosoma japonicum infection-induced disease changed significantly. Gut microbes, such as Bacteroides, Blautia, Enterococcus, Alloprevotella, Parabacteroides and Mucispirillum, showed a significant correlation with the level of hepatic granuloma, fibrosis, hydroxyproline, ALT or AST in S. japonicum infection-induced disease. We identified a range of gut bacterial features to distinguish schistosomiasis from hepatic injuries using the random forest classifier model, LEfSe and STAMP analysis. Significant features Bacteroides, Blautia, and Enterococcus and their combinations have a robust predictive accuracy (AUC: from 0.8182 to 0.9639) for detecting liver injuries induced by S. japonicum infection in humans and mice. Our study revealed associations between gut microbiota features and physiopathology and serological shifts of schistosomiasis and provided preliminary evidence for novel gut microbiota-derived features for the non-invasive detection of schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Datao Lin
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Chinese Atomic Energy Agency Center of Excellence on Nuclear Technology Applications for Insect Control, Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-Vectors Control, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Datao Lin, ; Xi Sun, ; Xiaoying Wu,
| | - Qiuyue Song
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Jiahua Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Chen
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yishu Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongdao Wu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Chinese Atomic Energy Agency Center of Excellence on Nuclear Technology Applications for Insect Control, Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-Vectors Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Sun
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Datao Lin, ; Xi Sun, ; Xiaoying Wu,
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Datao Lin, ; Xi Sun, ; Xiaoying Wu,
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Loke P, Lee SC, Oyesola OO. Effects of helminths on the human immune response and the microbiome. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:1224-1233. [PMID: 35732819 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00532-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Helminths have evolved sophisticated immune regulating mechanisms to prevent rejection by their mammalian host. Our understanding of how the human immune system responds to these parasites remains poor compared to mouse models of infection and this limits our ability to develop vaccines as well as harness their unique properties as therapeutic strategies against inflammatory disorders. Here, we review how recent studies on human challenge infections, self-infected individuals, travelers, and endemic populations have improved our understanding of human type 2 immunity and its effects on the microbiome. The heterogeneity of responses between individuals and the limited access to tissue samples beyond the peripheral blood are challenges that limit human studies on helminths, but also provide opportunities to transform our understanding of human immunology. Organoids and single-cell sequencing are exciting new tools for immunological analysis that may aid this pursuit. Learning about the genetic and immunological basis of resistance, tolerance, and pathogenesis to helminth infections may thus uncover mechanisms that can be utilized for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P'ng Loke
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Soo Ching Lee
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Oyebola O Oyesola
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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Cao D, Pang M, Wu D, Chen G, Peng X, Xu K, Fan H. Alterations in the Gut Microbiota of Tibetan Patients With Echinococcosis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:860909. [PMID: 35615499 PMCID: PMC9126193 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.860909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
There are two main types of echinococcosis, namely alveolar echinococcosis (AE) and cystic echinococcosis (CE). They are zoonotic parasitic diseases caused by the metacestodes of Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus. In order to explore the gut microbiome composition of patients with echinococcosis, we analyzed fecal samples of seven patients with AE, six patients with CE, and 13 healthy individuals from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. Using metagenomic next-generation sequencing, we identified fecal bacteria in the patients with AE and CE. The gut microbiota was analyzed by next-generation metagenomic sequencing (mNGS) to compare patients with either AE or CE against healthy individuals. We found there were some differences between them in abundant bacteria. Our results led to five findings: (1) Between patients with echinococcosis and healthy individuals, the differential bacteria were from four phyla: Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria. (2) Rothia mucilaginosa, Veillonella dispar, Veillonella atypica, Streptococcus parasanguinis, Streptococcus salivarius, and Alistipes finegoldii were abundant in the feces of patients with AE. (3) Bacteroides dorei, Parabacteroides distasonis, Escherichia sp_E4742, and Methanobrevibacter smithii were abundant in the feces of the patients with CE. (4) At the phylum and class level, compared to the AE group, the healthy group was characterized by higher numbers of Actinobacteria. (5) At the family level, Lachnospiraceae and Eubacteriaceae were more abundant in the feces of healthy individuals than in AE patients. The genera Coprococcus, Eubacterium, and Bilophia were more abundant in the healthy group, while the genus Rothia was more abundant in the AE group. The results of this study enrich our understanding of the gut microbiome composition of patients with AE and CE in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deping Cao
- The Department of Human Parasitology, Basic Medical College of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Mingquan Pang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China.,The Key Echinococcosis Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Defang Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China.,The Key Echinococcosis Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Gen Chen
- The Department of Human Parasitology, Basic Medical College of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xiaohong Peng
- The Department of Human Parasitology, Basic Medical College of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Kai Xu
- The Key Echinococcosis Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Haining Fan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China.,The Key Echinococcosis Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
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10
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Pereira de Araújo M, Sato MO, Sato M, Bandara WM KM, Coelho LFL, Souza RLM, Kawai S, Marques MJ. Unbalanced relationships: insights into the interaction between gut microbiota, geohelminths, and schistosomiasis. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13401. [PMID: 35539016 PMCID: PMC9080432 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hosts and their microbiota and parasites have co-evolved in an adaptative relationship since ancient times. The interaction between parasites and intestinal bacteria in terms of the hosts' health is currently a subject of great research interest. Therapeutic interventions can include manipulations of the structure of the intestinal microbiota, which have immunological interactions important for modulating the host's immune system and for reducing inflammation. Most helminths are intestinal parasites; the intestinal environment provides complex interactions with other microorganisms in which internal and external factors can influence the composition of the intestinal microbiota. Moreover, helminths and intestinal microorganisms can modulate the host's immune system either beneficially or harmfully. The immune response can be reduced due to co-infection, and bacteria from the intestinal microbiota can translocate to other organs. In this way, the treatment can be compromised, which, together with drug resistance by the parasites makes healing even more difficult. Thus, this work aimed to understand interactions between the microbiota and parasitic diseases caused by the most important geohelminths and schistosomiasis and the consequences of these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Pereira de Araújo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil,Laboratory of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Marcello Otake Sato
- Laboratory of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Megumi Sato
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Satoru Kawai
- Laboratory of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Marcos José Marques
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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11
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Lin D, Song Q, Zhang Y, Liu J, Chen F, Du S, Xiang S, Wang L, Wu X, Sun X. Bacillus subtilis Attenuates Hepatic and Intestinal Injuries and Modulates Gut Microbiota and Gene Expression Profiles in Mice Infected with Schistosoma japonicum. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:766205. [PMID: 34869360 PMCID: PMC8635066 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.766205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic infection can induce pathological injuries and impact the gut microbiota diversity and composition of the host. Bacillus subtilis is a nonpathogenic and noninvasive probiotic bacterium for humans and other animals, playing an important role in improving the host immune system’s ability to respond to intestinal and liver diseases and modulating gut microbiota. However, whether B. subtilis can impact biological functions in Schistosoma japonicum–infected mice is unclear. This study used oral administration (OA) of B. subtilis to treat mice infected with S. japonicum. We evaluated changes in the gut microbiota of infected mice using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and differentially expressed gene profiles using transcriptome sequencing after OA B. subtilis. We found that OA B. subtilis significantly attenuated hepatic and intestinal pathological injuries in infected mice. The gut microbiota of mice were significantly altered after S. japonicum infection, while OA B. subtilis remodel the diversity and composition of gut microbiomes of infected mice. We found that the S. japonicum–infected mice with OA B. subtilis had an overabundance of the most prevalent bacterial genera, including Bacteroides, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Blautia, Lachnoclostridium, Ruminiclostridium, and Enterobacter. Transcriptomic analysis of intestinal tissues revealed that OA B. subtilis shaped the intestinal microenvironment of the host responding to S. japonicum infection. Differentially expressed genes were classified into KEGG pathways between S. japonicum–infected mice and those without included cell adhesion molecules, intestinal immune network for IgA production, hematopoietic cell lineage, Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, Th17 cell differentiation, calcium signaling pathway, Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, chemokine signaling pathway, phospholipase D signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, B cell receptor signaling pathway, pancreatic secretion, and phagosome. In conclusion, our findings showed that OA B. subtilis alleviates pathological injuries and regulates gene expression, implying that B. subtilis supplementation may be a potential therapeutic strategy for schistosomiasis. Our study may highlight the value of probiotics as a beneficial supplementary therapy during human schistosomiasis, but further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Datao Lin
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-vectors Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyue Song
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-vectors Control, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Yishu Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-vectors Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahua Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-vectors Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Chen
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuling Du
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-vectors Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suoyu Xiang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-vectors Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lifu Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-vectors Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Sun
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-vectors Control, Guangzhou, China
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