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Barrenetxea G, Celis R, Barrenetxea J, Martínez E, De Las Heras M, Gómez O, Aguirre O. Intraovarian platelet-rich plasma injection and IVF outcomes in patients with poor ovarian response: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Hum Reprod 2024:deae038. [PMID: 38423539 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deae038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does platelet-rich plasma (PRP) intraovarian injection increase the number of retrieved oocytes in successive ovarian punctions among patients with poor ovarian reserve (POR)? SUMMARY ANSWER The injection of PRP increases the number of retrieved oocytes without increasing the quality of developed blastocysts. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Management of women with reduced ovarian response to stimulation is one of the significant challenges in reproductive medicine. Recently, PRP treatment has been proposed as an adjunct in assisted reproduction technology, with controversial results. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial included 60 patients with POR stratified according to the POSEIDON classification groups 3 and 4. It was conducted to explore the efficacy and safety of intraovarian PRP injection. Patients were proposed to undergo three consecutive ovarian stimulations to accumulate oocytes and were randomized to receive either PRP or placebo during their first oocyte retrieval. Randomization was performed using computer-generated randomization codes. Double blinding was ensured so that neither the participant nor the investigators knew of the treatment allotted. All patients underwent three ovarian stimulations and egg retrieval procedures. ICSI was performed after a third ovarian puncture. The primary endpoint was the number of mature oocytes retrieved after PRP or placebo injection in successive ovarian punctures. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Sixty women (30-42 years) fulfilling inclusion criteria were randomized in equal proportions to the treatment or control groups. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The baseline demographic and clinical characteristics [age, BMI, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels] were comparable between the groups. Regarding the primary endpoint, the cumulative number (mean ± SEM) of retrieved mature oocytes was slightly higher in the treatment group: 10.45 ± 0.41 versus 8.91 ± 0.39 in the control group, respectively (95% CI of the difference 0.42-2.66; P = 0,008). The number of mature oocytes obtained among all patients increased in successive egg retrievals: 2.61 ± 0.33 (mean ± SEM) in punction 1 (P1), 3.85 ± 0.42 in P2, and 4.73 ± 0.44 in P3. However, the increase was higher among patients receiving the assessed PRP treatment. In P2, the number of retrieved mature oocytes was 4.18 ± 0.58 versus 3.27 ± 0.61 in controls (95% CI of the difference: -0.30 to 2.12; P = 0.138) and in P3, 5.27 ± 0.73 versus 4.15 ± 0.45 (95% CI of the difference: 0.12-2.12; P = 0.029). The mean ± SEM number of developed and biopsied blastocysts was 2.43 ± 0.60 in the control group and 1.90 ± 0.32 in the treatment group, respectively (P = 0.449). The mean number of euploid blastocysts was 0.81 ± 0.24 and 0.81 ± 0.25 in the control and treatment groups, respectively (P = 1.000). The percentages of patients with euploid blastocysts were 53.33% (16 out of 30) and 43.33% (13 out of 30) for patients in the control and treatment groups, respectively (Fisher's exact test P = 0.606). The overall pregnancy rate per ITT was 43% (26 out of 60 patients). However, the percentage of clinical pregnancies was higher in the control group (18 out of 30, 60%) than in the treatment group (8 out of 30, 27%) (P = 0.018). There was also a trend toward poorer outcomes in the treatment group when considering full-term pregnancies (P = 0.170). There were no differences between control and treatment groups regarding type of delivery, and sex of newborns. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The mechanism of the potential beneficial effect of PRP injection on the number of retrieved oocytes is unknown. Either delivered platelet factors or a mechanical effect could be implicated. Further studies will be needed to confirm or refute the data presented in this trial and to specify the exact mechanism of action, if any, of PRP preparations. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The increasing number of women with a poor response to ovarian stimulation supports the exploration of new areas of research to know the potential benefits of therapies capable of increasing the number of oocytes available for fertilization and improving the quality of developed blastocysts. An increase in the retrieved oocytes in both arms of the trial suggests that, beyond the release of growth factor from platelets, a mechanical effect can play a role. However, neither improvement in euploid blastocyst development nor pregnancy rates have been demonstrated. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This trial was supported by Basque Government and included in HAZITEK program, framed in the new Euskadi 2030 Science and Technology Plan (PCTI 2030). These aids are co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER). The study funders had no role in the study design, implementation, analysis, manuscript preparation, or decision to submit this article for publication. No competing interests are declared by all the authors. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Clinical Trial Number EudraCT 2020-000247-32. TRIAL REGISTRATION DATE 3 November 2020. DATE OF FIRST PATIENT’S ENROLLMENT 16 January 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Barrenetxea
- Reproducción Bilbao Assisted Reproduction Center, Bilbao, Spain
- Departamento de Especialidades Médico-Quirúrgicas, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - R Celis
- Reproducción Bilbao Assisted Reproduction Center, Bilbao, Spain
| | - J Barrenetxea
- Reproducción Bilbao Assisted Reproduction Center, Bilbao, Spain
- Osakidetza/Servicio Vasco de Salud, Hospital de Urduliz Alfredo Espinosa, Urduliz, Spain
| | - E Martínez
- Reproducción Bilbao Assisted Reproduction Center, Bilbao, Spain
| | - M De Las Heras
- Reproducción Bilbao Assisted Reproduction Center, Bilbao, Spain
| | - O Gómez
- Reproducción Bilbao Assisted Reproduction Center, Bilbao, Spain
| | - O Aguirre
- Reproducción Bilbao Assisted Reproduction Center, Bilbao, Spain
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Zheng K, Hong W, Ye H, Zhou Z, Ling S, Li Y, Dai Y, Zhong Z, Yang Z, Zheng Y. Chito-oligosaccharides and macrophages have synergistic effects on improving ovarian stem cells function by regulating inflammatory factors. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:76. [PMID: 37060101 PMCID: PMC10103396 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01143-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic low-grade inflammation and ovarian germline stem cells (OGSCs) aging are important reasons for the decline of ovarian reserve function, resulting in ovarian aging and infertility. Regulation of chronic inflammation is expected to promote the proliferation and differentiation of OGSCs, which will become a key means for maintaining and remodeling ovarian function. Our previous study demonstrated that Chitosan Oligosaccharides (Cos) promoted the OGSCs proliferation and remodelled the ovarian function through improving the secretion of immune related factors,but the mechanism remains unclear, and the role of macrophages, the important source of various inflammatory mediators in the ovary needs to be further studied. In this study, we used the method of macrophages and OGSCs co-culture to observe the effect and mechanism of Cos on OGSCs, and explore what contribution macrophages give during this process. Our finding provides new drug treatment options and methods for the prevention and treatment of premature ovarian failure and infertility. METHODS We used the method of macrophages and OGSCs co-culture to observe the effect and mechanism of Cos on OGSCs, and explore the important contribution of macrophages in it. The immunohistochemical staining was used to locate the OGSCs in the mouse ovary. Immunofluorescent staining, RT-qPCR and ALP staining were used to identify the OGSCs. CCK-8 and western blot were used to evaluate the OGSCs proliferation. β-galactosidase(SA-β-Gal) staining and western blot were used to detect the changing of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A(P21), P53, Recombinant Sirtuin 1(SIRT1) and Recombinant Sirtuin 3(SIRT3). The levels of immune factors IL-2, IL-10, TNF-α and TGF-β were explored by using Western blot and ELISA. RESULTS We found that Cos promoted OGSCs proliferation in a dose-and time-dependent manner, accompanied by IL-2, TNF-α increase and IL-10, TGF-β decrease. Mouse monocyte-macrophages Leukemia cells(RAW) can also produce the same effect as Cos. When combined with Cos, it can enhance the proliferative effect of Cos in OGSCs, and further increase IL-2, TNF-α and further decrease IL-10, TGF-β. The macrophages can enhance the proliferative effect of Cos in OGSCs is also associated with the further increase in IL-2, TNF-α and the further decrease in IL-10, TGF-β. In this study, we determined that the anti-aging genes SIRT-1 and SIRT-3 protein levels were increased by Cos and RAW respectively, whereas the senescence-associated SA-β-Gal and aging genes P21 and P53 were decreased. Cos and RAW had a protective effect on OGSCs delaying aging. Furthermore, RAW can further decrease the SA-β-Gal and aging genes P21 and P53 by Cos, and further increase SIRT1 and SIRT3 protein levels in OGSCs by Cos. CONCLUSION In conclusion, Cos and macrophages have synergistic effects on improving OGSCs function and delaying ovarian aging by regulating inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zheng
- Reproductive Health Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenli Hong
- Reproductive Health Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haifeng Ye
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - Ziqiong Zhou
- Reproductive Health Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuyi Ling
- Reproductive Health Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Reproductive Health Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuqing Dai
- Reproductive Health Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhisheng Zhong
- Reproductive Health Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ziwei Yang
- Reproductive Health Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yuehui Zheng
- Reproductive Health Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
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Martine P, Aude A. Parental age at conception on mouse lemur's offspring longevity: Sex-specific maternal effects. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265783. [PMID: 36580457 PMCID: PMC9799291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Parental age at conception often influences offspring's longevity, a phenomenon referred as the "Lansing effect" described in large variety of organisms. But, the majority of the results refer to the survival of juveniles, mainly explained by an inadequate parental care by the elderly parents, mostly the mothers. Studies on the effect of parental age on offspring's longevity in adulthood remain few, except in humans for whom effects of parental age vary according to statistical models or socioeconomic environments. In a small primate in which the longevity reaches up to 13 years, we investigated the effects of parental age at conception on the longevity of offspring (N = 278) issued from parents with known longevity. None of the postnatal parameters (body mass at 30 and 60 days after birth, size and composition of the litter) influenced offspring's longevity. Mothers' age at conception negatively affected offspring's longevity in males but not in females. By contrast, fathers' age at conception did not influence offspring's longevity. Finally, the longevity of female offspring was significantly positively related to the longevity of both parents. Compared with current studies, the surprisingly minor effect of fathers 'age was related to the high seasonal reproduction and the particular telomere biology of mouse lemurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perret Martine
- UMR 7179, Adaptive mechanisms and Evolution, MECADEV, Brunoy, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Anzeraey Aude
- UMR 7179, Adaptive mechanisms and Evolution, MECADEV, Brunoy, France
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Lupatov AY, Yarygin KN. Telomeres and Telomerase in the Control of Stem Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102335. [PMID: 36289597 PMCID: PMC9598777 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells serve as a source of cellular material in embryogenesis and postnatal growth and regeneration. This requires significant proliferative potential ensured by sufficient telomere length. Telomere attrition in the stem cells and their niche cells can result in the exhaustion of the regenerative potential of high-turnover organs, causing or contributing to the onset of age-related diseases. In this review, stem cells are examined in the context of the current telomere-centric theory of cell aging, which assumes that telomere shortening depends not just on the number of cell doublings (mitotic clock) but also on the influence of various internal and external factors. The influence of the telomerase and telomere length on the functional activity of different stem cell types, as well as on their aging and prospects of use in cell therapy applications, is discussed.
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Chen X, Kan Y, Zhong Y, Jawad M, Wei W, Gu K, Gui L, Li M. Generation of a Normal Long-Term-Cultured Chinese Hook Snout Carp Spermatogonial Stem Cell Line Capable of Sperm Production In Vitro. Biology (Basel) 2022; 11:biology11071069. [PMID: 36101449 PMCID: PMC9312933 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary In vitro-induced differentiation of sperm cells is a key technology for genetic resource conservation. In the past ten years, Opsariichthys bidens has become a famous and excellent aquatic species in some areas in China. However, its genetic resources have reduced dramatically. To protect against the decline of O. bidens, a long-term-cultured spermatogonial stem cell line (ObSSC) of adult O. bidens was successfully established. The result of our study showed that ObSSC had a diploid karyotype and stable growth over more than 2 years, with SSC-typical gene expression patterns. Furthermore, our research demonstrates the potential and regulation mechanism of fish spermatogonial stem cell differentiation into different cells of three germ layers. Our findings will assist further research on the genetic resource conservation of germplasm in a commercially and ecologically valuable fish species. Abstract Opsariichthys bidens belongs to the family Cyprinidae and is a small freshwater economic fish widely distributed in China. In recent years, the natural resources of O. bidens have been drastically reduced due to overfishing and the destruction of the water environment. The in vitro culture and long-term preservation of germ stem cells are the key technologies to keep genetic resources from degeneration. However, except for the establishment of the first long-term cultured medaka spermatogonia cell line (SSC) capable of producing sperm in vitro in 2004, no other long-term cultured SSC line has been found in other fish species. In this study, we successfully established another long-term-cultured spermatogonial stem cell line from Opsariichthys bidens (ObSSC). After more than 2 years of culture, ObSSC had a diploid karyotype and stable growth, with the typical gene expression patterns of SSC. Under in vitro culture, ObSSC could be induced to differentiate into sperm and other different types of somatic cells. In vivo, ObSSC could differentiate into different cells of three germ layers upon being transplanted into zebrafish embryos. Our research helps to explore the potential and regulation mechanism of fish SSC differentiation and spermatogenesis in vitro, provides a new way for solving the problem of fish genetic resource degradation and lays a foundation for further research on fish germ cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.C.); (Y.K.); (Y.Z.); (M.J.); (W.W.); (K.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yuting Kan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.C.); (Y.K.); (Y.Z.); (M.J.); (W.W.); (K.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ying Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.C.); (Y.K.); (Y.Z.); (M.J.); (W.W.); (K.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Microecological Resources and Utilization in Breeding Industry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Muhammad Jawad
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.C.); (Y.K.); (Y.Z.); (M.J.); (W.W.); (K.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Wenbo Wei
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.C.); (Y.K.); (Y.Z.); (M.J.); (W.W.); (K.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Kaiyan Gu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.C.); (Y.K.); (Y.Z.); (M.J.); (W.W.); (K.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Lang Gui
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.C.); (Y.K.); (Y.Z.); (M.J.); (W.W.); (K.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Mingyou Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.C.); (Y.K.); (Y.Z.); (M.J.); (W.W.); (K.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (M.L.)
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Hong W, Wang B, Zhu Y, Wu J, Qiu L, Ling S, Zhou Z, Dai Y, Zhong Z, Zheng Y. Female germline stem cells: aging and anti-aging. J Ovarian Res 2022; 15:79. [PMID: 35787298 PMCID: PMC9251950 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-022-01011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The delay of ovarian aging and the fertility preservation of cancer patients are the eternal themes in the field of reproductive medicine. Acting as the pacemaker of female physiological aging, ovary is also considered as the principle player of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and etc. However, its aging mechanism and preventive measures are still unclear. Some researchers attempt to activate endogenous ovarian female germline stem cells (FGSCs) to restore ovarian function, as the most promising approach. FGSCs are stem cells in the adult ovaries that can be infinitely self-renewing and have the potential of committed differention. This review aims to elucidate FGSCs aging mechanism from multiple perspectives such as niches, immune disorder, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Therefore, the rebuilding nichs of FGSCs, regulation of immune dysfunction, anti-inflammation and oxidative stress remission are expected to restore or replenish FGSCs, ultimately to delay ovarian aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Hong
- Reproductive Health Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Baofeng Wang
- ARTcenter, Shenzhen Hengsheng Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yasha Zhu
- Reproductive Health Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun'e Wu
- Reproductive Health Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Qiu
- Reproductive Health Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyi Ling
- Reproductive Health Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqiong Zhou
- Reproductive Health Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Dai
- Reproductive Health Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhisheng Zhong
- Reproductive Health Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuehui Zheng
- Reproductive Health Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, People's Republic of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgur Oktem
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Assisted Reproduction Unit, Koç University School of Medicine , Istanbul, Turkey
- The Graduate School of Health Sciences, Koç University , Istanbul, Turkey
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University , Istanbul, Turkey
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Jewett E, Arnott G, Connolly L, Vasudevan N, Kevei E. Microplastics and Their Impact on Reproduction—Can we Learn From the C. elegans Model? Front Toxicol 2022; 4:748912. [PMID: 35399297 PMCID: PMC8987311 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.748912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biologically active environmental pollutants have significant impact on ecosystems, wildlife, and human health. Microplastic (MP) and nanoplastic (NP) particles are pollutants that are present in the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems at virtually every level of the food chain. Moreover, recently, airborne microplastic particles have been shown to reach and potentially damage respiratory systems. Microplastics and nanoplastics have been shown to cause increased oxidative stress, inflammation, altered metabolism leading to cellular damage, which ultimately affects tissue and organismal homeostasis in numerous animal species and human cells. However, the full impact of these plastic particles on living organisms is not completely understood. The ability of MPs/NPs to carry contaminants, toxic chemicals, pesticides, and bioactive compounds, such as endocrine disrupting chemicals, present an additional risk to animal and human health. This review will discusses the current knowledge on pathways by which microplastic and nanoplastic particles impact reproduction and reproductive behaviors from the level of the whole organism down to plastics-induced cellular defects, while also identifying gaps in current knowledge regarding mechanisms of action. Furthermore, we suggest that the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans provides an advantageous high-throughput model system for determining the effect of plastic particles on animal reproduction, using reproductive behavioral end points and cellular readouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elysia Jewett
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Arnott
- The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Connolly
- The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Nandini Vasudevan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Kevei
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Eva Kevei,
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Durkina VB, Chapman JW, Demchenko NL. First observations of ovary regeneration in an amphipod, Ampelisca eschrichtii Krøyer, 1842. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12950. [PMID: 35291485 PMCID: PMC8918206 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Females of the gammaridean amphipod Ampelisca eschrichtii with signs of regenerating, previously atrophied ovaries were recovered from the northeastern shelf of Sakhalin Island (Okhotsk Sea, Russia). Ovarian regeneration was previously unknown for any amphipod species. A. eschrichtii have a predominantly 2-year life cycle (from embryo to adult death) and reproduce once between late winter or early spring at the age of 2 years. Occasionally, females survive to a third year. An adaptive value of extended survival among these females is likely to require that they are also reproductive. Methods Histological sections from a second-year female with ovarian atrophy, a female with normal ovaries, a third-year female with ovarian regeneration, as well as testes of an immature and a sexually mature male were compared to determine the sources of cells of the germinal and somatic lines necessary for ovarian regeneration. Results Ovarian regeneration in the third-year female began with the formation of a new germinal zone from germ cells preserved in the atrophied ovaries and eosinophilic cells of the previously starving second-year female. Eosinophilic cells form the mesodermal component of the germinal zone. A mass of these cells appeared in the second-year female that had atrophied ovaries and in large numbers on the intestine wall of the third-year female with regenerating ovaries. These eosinophilic cells appear to migrate into the regenerating ovaries. Conclusions All germ cells of the second-year female are not lost during ovarian atrophy and can be involved in subsequent ovarian regeneration. Eosinophilic cells involved in ovarian regeneration are of mesodermal origin. The eosinophilic cell morphologies are similar to those of quiescence cells (cells in a reversible state that do not divide but retain the ability to re-enter cell division and participate in regeneration). These histological data thus indicate that eosinophilic and germ cells of third-year females can participate in the regeneration of the ovaries to reproduce a second brood. The precursors of these third-year females (a small number the second-year females with an asynchronous [summer] breeding period and ovaries that have atrophied due to seasonal starvation) appear to possess sources of somatic and germ cells that are sufficient for ovarian regeneration and that may be adaptations to starvation stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina B. Durkina
- Laboratory of Physiology, A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Primorsky Krai, Russia
| | - John W. Chapman
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation, Oregon State University, Newport, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Natalia L. Demchenko
- Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Primorsky Krai, Russia
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Yureneva S, Averkova V, Silachev D, Donnikov A, Gavisova A, Serov V, Sukhikh G. Searching for female reproductive aging and longevity biomarkers. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:16873-94. [PMID: 34156973 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Female reproductive aging is, in a way, a biological phenomenon that develops along canonical molecular pathways; however, it has particular features. Recent studies revealed complexity of the interconnections between reproductive aging and aging of other systems, and even suggested a cause-effect uncertainty between them. It was also shown that reproductive aging can impact aging processes in an organism at the level of cells, tissues, organs, and systems. Women at the end of their reproductive lives are characterized by the accelerated incidence of age-related diseases. Timing of the onset of menarche and menopause and variability in the duration of reproductive life carry a latent social risk: not having enough information about the reproductive potential, women keep on postponing childbirth. Identification and use of the most accurate and sensitive aging biomarkers enable the prediction of menopause timing and quantification of the true biological and reproductive ages of an organism. We discuss current views on reproductive aging and peculiarities of using available biomarkers of aging. We also consider latest advances in the search for potential genetic markers of reproductive aging. Finally, we posit the importance of determining the female biological age and highlight potential research directions in this area.
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Liu Y, Xu J, Zhu F, Ye H, Hu C, Huang J, Zheng Y. Research advances in the regulation of the putative ovarian germline stem cell niche on female germline stem cells. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2018; 65:121-128. [PMID: 30204491 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2018.1515272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are ideal seeding cells, which have the potential for self-renewal and multiple differentiation, and they play a fundamental role in maintaining homeostasis and regenerating and repairing tissue. The discovery of female germline stem cells (FGSCs) brings much hope for the postnatal renewal of oocytes and solving some female infertility problems. Ovarian function declines with increasing female age. Moreover, ovarian germline stem cell niche-aging could be the main cause of ovarian senescence, which ultimately leads to decreased follicle generation, declining female fertility, and age-related diseases, such as osteoporosis and ovarian cancer. The ovarian germline stem cell niche is the surrounding microenvironment in which FGSCs live, and it helps control the biological characteristics of FGSCs in many ways, such as nutritional supply and immunological cytokine secretion. This paper reviews the knowledge about the ovarian germline stem cell niche and its probable regulatory mechanisms on FGSCs, which provides valuable scientific information and scope for the prevention and treatment of ovarian senescence. Abbreviations: BMP: bone morphogenetic protein; Dpp: decapentaplegic; FGSC: female germline stem cell; IL, interleukin; OGSC: ovarian germline stem cells; ROS: reactive oxygen species; TGF, transforming growth factor; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangchun Liu
- a Jiangxi Medical College , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , PR China.,b Queen Mary College of Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , PR China
| | - Jiao Xu
- a Jiangxi Medical College , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , PR China.,c First Clinical College of Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , PR China
| | - Feiyin Zhu
- a Jiangxi Medical College , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , PR China.,b Queen Mary College of Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , PR China
| | - Haifeng Ye
- a Jiangxi Medical College , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , PR China.,d The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology of Jiangxi Province , Nanchang , Jiangxi , PR China
| | - Chuan Hu
- a Jiangxi Medical College , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , PR China.,d The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology of Jiangxi Province , Nanchang , Jiangxi , PR China
| | - Jian Huang
- a Jiangxi Medical College , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , PR China.,d The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology of Jiangxi Province , Nanchang , Jiangxi , PR China
| | - Yuehui Zheng
- a Jiangxi Medical College , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , PR China.,d The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology of Jiangxi Province , Nanchang , Jiangxi , PR China
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12
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Xu H, Zhu X, Li W, Tang Z, Zhao Y, Wu X. Isolation and in vitro culture of ovarian stem cells in Chinese soft-shell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis). J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:7667-7677. [PMID: 29923352 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gonadal cell lines provide valuable tools for studying gametogenesis, sex differentiation, and manipulating germ cells in reproductive biology. Female germline stem cells have been characterized and isolated from ovaries of mammalian species, including mice and human, but there has been very few studies on female germline stem cells in reptiles. Here, we described an ovarian stem cell-like line isolated and cultured from the Chinese soft-shell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis), designated as PSO1. The cells showed high alkaline phosphatase activity with a normal diploid karyotype. As shown by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, the cells were positive for the expression of germ cell-specific genes, vasa and dazl, as well as a stem cell marker, nanog, but negative for the expression of the folliculogenesis-specific gene, figla. Likewise, through fluorescent immunostaining analyses, both the Dazl and Vasa proteins were detected abundantly in the cytoplasm of perinuclear region, whereas Nanog and PCNA were dominantly observed in the nuclei in PSO1 cells. Moreover, PSO1 cells transfected with pCS2:h2b-egfp could properly express the fusion protein in the nuclei. Taken together, the findings suggested that the germline stem cells exist in the ovary of juvenile Chinese soft-shell turtle and these cells can be isolated for a long-term in vitro culture under experimental conditions. This study has provided a valuable basis for further investigations on the molecular mechanisms whereby the germline stem cells develop and differentiate into gametes in turtles. Also, it has paved the way for studies on oogenesis in turtles, even in the other reptiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhoukai Tang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Germline Stem Cells in Myocardial Regeneration - A new hope worth a delve. J Stem Cells Regen Med 2018; 14:1-2. [PMID: 30018467 DOI: 10.46582/jsrm.1401001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
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14
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He Y, Peng X, Wu T, Yang W, Liu W, Zhang J, Su Y, Kong F, Dou X, Li J. Restricting the induction of NGF in ovarian stroma engenders selective follicular activation through the mTOR signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2817. [PMID: 28542147 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In mammalian ovaries, primordial follicles remain in a quiescent state until activation by the surrounding microenvironment. Ovarian intervention, for example, ovarian cystectomy, ovarian wedge resection or laser drilling therapies for polycystic ovarian syndrome, has long been reported to change follicular development by an unknown mechanism(s). Herein, we established a murine model with partial ovarian resection of one ovary unilaterally, with the contralateral ovary undamaged. We found the injury accelerated follicular activation and development through the mTORC1 signaling pathway. Moreover, the stimulation of primordial follicles was restricted near the incision site where the mTORC1 pathway showed sequential activation beginning at the interstitial cells and proceeding to the primordial follicles. Total and polysome-associated RNA-seq revealed the increase of the nerve growth factor (NGF) family member, in both two fractions and immunostaining showed the restricted induction of NGF near the incision site. In cultured newborn ovaries, NGF demonstrated increase of follicular activation, and moreover, the NGF inhibitor K252a effectively blocked activation of primordial follicles stimulated by the surgery. We liken ovulation in mammals to minor tissue trauma, which happens naturally and cyclically in the body. As the increase in NGF accompanied the accumulation of activated primordial follicles after ovulation, our study may represent a common mechanism for selective follicular activation induced by a localized increase in NGF in interstitial cells and mediated via the mTOR signaling pathway. In addition, the NGF inhibitor K252a and the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin constitute good candidates for protecting follicular reserve against over exhaustion after ovarian surgery.
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Mansouri V, Salehi M, Omrani MD, Niknam Z, Ardeshirylajimi A. Collagen-alginate microspheres as a 3D culture system for mouse embryonic stem cells differentiation to primordial germ cells. Biologicals 2017; 48:114-120. [PMID: 28483511 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Germ cells differentiation of stem cells will aid treatment of adults with infertility. Biopolymers utilization provided synthetic extracellular matrix (ECM) and desired attributes in in vitro to improve conditions for stem cells attachment, proliferation and differentiation. Mixture of alginate as a biocompatible hydrogel, with collagen IV, could establish an in vitro 3 dimensional (3D) culture model. The objective of this study was investigation of the mouse ESCs differentiation capacity to putative primordial germ cells (PGCs) in the alginate and alginate-collagen IV microspheres (CAM). ESCs aggregated together to form embryoid bodies (EB) in CAM under basal medium supplemented with bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4) as a differentiation factor. Viability and PGC differentiation of the stem cells in microspheres was evaluated by apoptosis and PGC related gene markers. Flow cytometry analysis was also used to detect of Mvh endogenous protein as a specific PGC marker. PGC gene and protein expression revealed that differentiation potential of ESCs to putative PGCs in CAM is significantly higher than control groups. Taking together, it was concluded that CAM demonstrated a great potential to use in PGCs differentiation and treatment of adults with infertility and may be a reliable means of producing mature germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Mansouri
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Salehi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mir Davood Omrani
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Niknam
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Ardeshirylajimi
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Garg N, Sinclair DA. Oogonial stem cells as a model to study age-associated infertility in women. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 27:969-74. [PMID: 25897831 DOI: 10.1071/rd14461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fertility is the first biological process to break down during aging, thereby making it a useful tool to understand fundamental processes of aging. Reproductive aging in females is associated with a loss of ovarian function characterised by a reduction in the number and quality of oocytes. The central dogma, namely that females are born with a fixed pool of oocytes that progressively decline with increasing maternal age, has been challenged by evidence supporting postnatal oogenesis in mammals. Reports demonstrating formation of new oocytes from newly discovered germline stem cells, referred to as oogonial stem cells (OSCs), has opened new avenues for treatment of female infertility. In this review we discuss why the OSCs possibly lose their regenerative potential over time, and focus specifically on the aging process in germline stem cells as a possible mechanism for understanding female age-related infertility and how we can slow or delay ovarian aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Garg
- Glenn Laboratories for the Biological Mechanisms of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David A Sinclair
- Glenn Laboratories for the Biological Mechanisms of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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17
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Ye H, Li X, Zheng T, Hu C, Pan Z, Huang J, Li J, Li W, Zheng Y. The Hippo Signaling Pathway Regulates Ovarian Function via the Proliferation of Ovarian Germline Stem Cells. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 41:1051-1062. [PMID: 28245464 DOI: 10.1159/000464113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To improve the separation, identification and cultivation of ovarian germline stem cells (OGSCs), to clarify the relationship between the Hippo signaling pathway effector YAP1 and the proliferation and differentiation of OGSCs in vitro and to identify the major contribution of Hippo signaling to ovarian function. METHODS Two-step enzymatic separation processes and magnetic separation were used to isolate and identify OGSCs by determining the expression of Mvh, Oct4, Nanog, Fragilis and Stella markers. Then, YAP1, as the main effector molecule in the Hippo signaling pathway, was chosen as the target gene of the study. Lentivirus containing overexpressed YAP1 or a YAP1-targeted shRNA was transduced into OGSCs. The effects of modulating the Hippo signaling pathway on the proliferation, differentiation, reproduction and endocrine function of ovaries were observed by microinjecting the lentiviral vectors with overexpressed YAP1 or YAP1 shRNA into infertile mouse models or natural mice of reproductive age. RESULTS (1) The specific expression of Mvh, Oct4, Nanog, Fragilis and Stella markers was observed in isolated stem cells. Thus, the isolated cells were preliminarily identified as OGSCs. (2) The co-expression of LATS2, MST1, YAP1 and MVH was observed in isolated OGSCs. Mvh and Oct4 expression levels were significantly increased in OGSCs overexpressing YAP1 compared to GFP controls. Consistently, Mvh and Oct4 levels were significantly decreased in cells expressing YAP1-targeted shRNA. (3) After 14-75 days of YAP1 overexpression in infertile mouse models, we detected follicle regeneration in ovaries, the activation of primordial follicles and increased birth rate, accompanied by increasing levels of E2 and FSH. (4) However, we detected decreasing follicles in ovaries, lower birth rate, and decreasing E2 and FSH in serum from healthy mice of reproductive age following YAP1 shRNA expression. CONCLUSION Methods for the isolation, identification and culture of OGSCs were successfully established. Further results indicate that isolated OGSCs can specifically recognize Hippo signaling molecules and that manipulation of YAP1 expression can be used to regulate the proliferation and differentiation of OGSCs, as well as ovarian function in mice. This study suggests that the Hippo signaling pathway may represent a new molecular target for the regulation of mouse ovarian functional remodeling.
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Morohaku K, Hirao Y, Obata Y. Differentiation of Mouse Primordial Germ Cells into Functional Oocytes In Vitro. Ann Biomed Eng 2017; 45:1608-19. [PMID: 28243826 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-017-1815-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Various complex molecular events in oogenesis cannot be observed in vivo. As a bioengineering technique for female reproductive tissues, in vitro culture systems for female germ cells have been used to analyze oogenesis and preserve germ cells for over 20 years. Recently, we have established a new methodological approach for the culture of primordial germ cells (PGCs) and successfully obtained offspring. Our PGC culture system will be useful to clarify unresolved mechanisms of fertility and sterility from the beginning of mammalian oogenesis, before meiosis. This review summarizes the history of culture methods for mammalian germ cells, our current in vitro system, and future prospects for the culture of germ cells.
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19
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de Souza GB, Costa JJN, da Cunha EV, Passos JRS, Ribeiro RP, Saraiva MVA, van den Hurk R, Silva JRV. Bovine ovarian stem cells differentiate into germ cells and oocyte-like structures after culture in vitro. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 52:243-250. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- GB de Souza
- Biotechnology Nucleus of Sobral - NUBIS; Federal University of Ceara; Sobral CE Brazil
| | - JJN Costa
- Biotechnology Nucleus of Sobral - NUBIS; Federal University of Ceara; Sobral CE Brazil
| | - EV da Cunha
- Biotechnology Nucleus of Sobral - NUBIS; Federal University of Ceara; Sobral CE Brazil
| | - JRS Passos
- Biotechnology Nucleus of Sobral - NUBIS; Federal University of Ceara; Sobral CE Brazil
| | - RP Ribeiro
- Biotechnology Nucleus of Sobral - NUBIS; Federal University of Ceara; Sobral CE Brazil
| | - MVA Saraiva
- Biotechnology Nucleus of Sobral - NUBIS; Federal University of Ceara; Sobral CE Brazil
| | - R van den Hurk
- Department of Pathobiology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - JRV Silva
- Biotechnology Nucleus of Sobral - NUBIS; Federal University of Ceara; Sobral CE Brazil
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20
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Scally A. The mutation rate in human evolution and demographic inference. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2016; 41:36-43. [PMID: 27589081 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The germline mutation rate has long been a major source of uncertainty in human evolutionary and demographic analyses based on genetic data, but estimates have improved substantially in recent years. I discuss our current knowledge of the mutation rate in humans and the underlying biological factors affecting it, which include generation time, parental age and other developmental and reproductive timescales. There is good evidence for a slowdown in mean mutation rate during great ape evolution, but not for a more recent change within the timescale of human genetic diversity. Hence, pending evidence to the contrary, it is reasonable to use a present-day rate of approximately 0.5×10-9bp-1year-1 in all human or hominin demographic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylwyn Scally
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, United Kingdom.
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21
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Abstract
Genome sequencing studies of de novo mutations in humans have revealed surprising incongruities in our understanding of human germline mutation. In particular, the mutation rate observed in modern humans is substantially lower than that estimated from calibration against the fossil record, and the paternal age effect in mutations transmitted to offspring is much weaker than expected from our long-standing model of spermatogenesis. I consider possible explanations for these discrepancies, including evolutionary changes in life-history parameters such as generation time and the age of puberty, a possible contribution from undetected post-zygotic mutations early in embryo development, and changes in cellular mutation processes at different stages of the germline. I suggest a revised model of stem-cell state transitions during spermatogenesis, in which 'dark' gonial stem cells play a more active role than hitherto envisaged, with a long cycle time undetected in experimental observations. More generally, I argue that the mutation rate and its evolution depend intimately on the structure of the germline in humans and other primates.This article is part of the themed issue 'Dating species divergences using rocks and clocks'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylwyn Scally
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
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22
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Abstract
As age at pubertal onset declines and age at first pregnancy increases, the mechanisms that regulate female reproductive lifespan become increasingly relevant to population health. The timing of menarche and menopause can have profound effects not only on fertility but also on the risk of diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and breast cancer. Genetic studies have identified dozens of highly penetrant rare mutations associated with reproductive disorders, and also ∼175 common genetic variants associated with the timing of puberty or menopause. These findings, alongside other functional studies, have highlighted a diverse range of mechanisms involved in reproductive ageing, implicating core biological processes such as cell cycle regulation and energy homeostasis. The aim of this article is to review the contribution of such genetic findings to our understanding of the molecular regulation of reproductive timing, as well as the biological basis of the epidemiological links between reproductive ageing and disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R.B. Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ
| | - Anna Murray
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Level 3, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW
| | - Felix R Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ
| | - Ken K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ
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Findlay JK, Hutt KJ, Hickey M, Anderson RA. How Is the Number of Primordial Follicles in the Ovarian Reserve Established? Biol Reprod 2015; 93:111. [PMID: 26423124 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.133652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of primordial follicles in the ovarian reserve is an important determinant of the length of the ovarian lifespan, and therefore the fertility of an individual. This reserve contains all of the oocytes potentially available for fertilization throughout the fertile lifespan. The maximum number is set during pregnancy or just after birth in most mammalian species; current evidence does not support neofolliculogenesis after the ovarian reserve is established, although this is increasingly being reexamined. Under physiological circumstances, this number will be influenced by the number of primordial germ cells initially specified in the epiblast of the developing embryo, their proliferation during and after migration to the developing gonads, and their death during oogenesis and formation of primordial follicles at nest breakdown. Death of germ cells during the establishment of the ovarian reserve occurs principally by autophagy or apoptosis, although the triggers that initiate these remain elusive. This review outlines the regulatory steps that determine the number of primordial follicles and thus the number of oocytes in the ovarian reserve at birth, using the mouse as the model, interspersed with human data where available. This information has application for understanding the variability in duration of fertility that occurs between normal individuals and with age, in premature ovarian insufficiency, and after chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Findlay
- Centre for Reproductive Biology, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karla J Hutt
- Centre for Reproductive Biology, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martha Hickey
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard A Anderson
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Mansouri V, Salehi M, Nourozian M, Fadaei F, Farahani RM, Piryaei A, Delbari A. The ability of mouse nuclear transfer embryonic stem cells to differentiate into primordial germ cells. Genet Mol Biol 2015; 38:220-6. [PMID: 26273226 PMCID: PMC4530652 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-475738138120140213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear transfer embryonic stem cells (ntESCs) show stem cell characteristics such as pluripotency but cause no immunological disorders. Although ntESCs are able to differentiate into somatic cells, the ability of ntESCs to differentiate into primordial germ cells (PGCs) has not been examined. In this work, we examined the capacity of mouse ntESCs to differentiate into PGCs in vitro. ntESCs aggregated to form embryoid bodies (EB) in EB culture medium supplemented with bone morphogenetic protein 4(BMP4) as the differentiation factor. The expression level of specific PGC genes was compared at days 4 and 8 using real time PCR. Flow cytometry and immunocytochemical staining were used to detect Mvh as a specific PGC marker. ntESCs expressed particular genes related to different stages of PGC development. Flow cytometry and immunocytochemical staining confirmed the presence of Mvh protein in a small number of cells. There were significant differences between cells that differentiated into PGCs in the group treated with Bmp4 compared to non-treated cells. These findings indicate that ntESCs can differentiate into putative PGCs. Improvement of ntESC differentiation into PGCs may be a reliable means of producing mature germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Mansouri
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Salehi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nourozian
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fadaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Mastery Farahani
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Piryaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Delbari
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
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Jackson JD. Stem cells in genitourinary regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:120. [PMID: 25688875 PMCID: PMC4219029 DOI: 10.1186/scrt510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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