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He X, Xu S, Tang L, Ling S, Wei X, Xu X. Insights into the history and tendency of liver transplantation for liver cancer: a bibliometric-based visual analysis. Int J Surg 2024; 110:406-418. [PMID: 37800536 PMCID: PMC10793788 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Research on liver transplantation (LT) for liver cancer has gained increasing attention. This paper has comprehensively described the current status, hotspots and trends in this field. A total of 2991 relevant articles from 1 January 1963 to 28 February 2023 were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection. VOSviewer and CiteSpace software were utilized as bibliometric tools to analyze and visualize knowledge mapping. Between 1963 and 2023, the number of papers in the area of LT for liver cancer increased continuously. A total of 70 countries/regions, 2303 institutions and 14 840 researchers have published research articles, with the United States and China being the two most productive countries. Our bibliometric-based visual analysis revealed the expansion of LT indications for liver cancer and the prevention/treatment of cancer recurrence as ongoing research hotspots over the past decades. Meanwhile, emerging studies also focus on downstaging/bridging treatments before LT and the long-term survival of LT recipient, in particular the precise application of immunosuppressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu He
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Shengjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Linsong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Sunbin Ling
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Xuyong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Xiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Bahardoust M, Dehkharghani MZ, Ebrahimi P, Najafirashed M, Mousavi S, Haghmoradi M, Khaleghian M, Tizmaghz A. Effect of ABO blood group on postoperative overall survival and recurrence-free survival rate in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy: a multi-center retrospective cohort study. BMC Surg 2023; 23:324. [PMID: 37875876 PMCID: PMC10599055 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-023-02236-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. The survival rate after hepatectomy as the first line of treatment for HCC depends on various factors. This study evaluated the association of the ABO blood group and Rh with overall survival (OS) and Recurrence-free survival (RFS) rate after hepatectomy. METHODS This multicenter retrospective cohort study reviewed the medical files of 639 HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy from 2010 to 2022 in three medical centers affiliated with the Iran University of Medical Sciences. Patient data, including demographic, clinical, tumor characteristics, and post-surgery outcomes, were collected by referring to the patient's medical profiles. The Cox proportional hazard investigated the relationship between ABO blood group type and OS and RFS rate after hepatectomy. RESULTS The five-year OS and RFS rates were 25.4% and 18.7%, respectively. The five-year OS (Lok rank:40.89, P:0.001) and RFS rate in patients with blood type A were significantly lower than in non-A patients. (Lok rank:10.8, P:0.001) The multivariate Cox analysis showed that blood type A, age < 45 years, tumor size > 5 cm, Poor tumor differentiation, presence of metastasis, The number of involved lymph nodes ≤ 2, and serum Alpha-Fetoprotein)AFP( level ≥ 400 were significantly related to the decreased survival rate of HCC patients after hepatectomy (P < 0.05) There was no significant association between Rh with OS and RFS (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Blood group type A, compared to non-A, can be associated with decreased OS and RFS rates in patients with HCC after hepatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Bahardoust
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Zolfaghari Dehkharghani
- School of Public Health, Department of Health Care Administration and Policy, University of Nevada Las Vegas(UNLV), Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Pouya Ebrahimi
- Ahvaz, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Safa Mousavi
- Department of Public Health, College of Health and Human Services, California State University, Fresno, CA, USA
| | - Meisam Haghmoradi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohsen Khaleghian
- Vascular Surgery Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Adnan Tizmaghz
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences(IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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Khalil A, Quaglia A, Gélat P, Saffari N, Rashidi H, Davidson B. New Developments and Challenges in Liver Transplantation. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5586. [PMID: 37685652 PMCID: PMC10488676 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is increasing in incidence and is the third most common cause of premature death in the United Kingdom and fourth in the United States. Liver disease accounts for 2 million deaths globally each year. Three-quarters of patients with liver disease are diagnosed at a late stage, with liver transplantation as the only definitive treatment. Thomas E. Starzl performed the first human liver transplant 60 years ago. It has since become an established treatment for end-stage liver disease, both acute and chronic, including metabolic diseases and primary and, at present piloting, secondary liver cancer. Advances in surgical and anaesthetic techniques, refined indications and contra-indications to transplantation, improved donor selection, immunosuppression and prognostic scoring have allowed the outcomes of liver transplantation to improve year on year. However, there are many limitations to liver transplantation. This review describes the milestones that have occurred in the development of liver transplantation, the current limitations and the ongoing research aimed at overcoming these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Khalil
- Liver Unit, Wellington Hospital, London NW8 9TA, UK
- Centre for Surgical Innovation, Organ Regeneration and Transplantation, University College London, London NW3 2PS, UK
- Clinical Service of HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Alberto Quaglia
- Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Pierre Gélat
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2PS, UK
| | - Nader Saffari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Hassan Rashidi
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK;
| | - Brian Davidson
- Liver Unit, Wellington Hospital, London NW8 9TA, UK
- Centre for Surgical Innovation, Organ Regeneration and Transplantation, University College London, London NW3 2PS, UK
- Clinical Service of HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, UK
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Zheng J, Wei X, Wang N, Pu X, Yang J, Jiang L. A new method for predicting the microvascular invasion status of hepatocellular carcinoma through neural network analysis. BMC Surg 2023; 23:100. [PMID: 37118720 PMCID: PMC10148386 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-023-01967-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To determine the relationship between microvascular invasion (MVI) and the clinical features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and provide a method to evaluate MVI status by neutral network analysis. METHODS The patients were divided into two groups (MVI-positive group and MVI-negative group). Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were carried out to identify the independent risk factors for MVI positivity. Neural network analysis was used to analyze the different importance of the risk factors in MVI prediction. RESULTS We enrolled 1697 patients in this study. We found that the independent prognostic factors were age, NEU, multiple tumors, AFP level and tumor diameter. By neural network analysis, we proposed that the level of AFP was the most important risk factor for HCC in predicting MVI status (the AUC was 0.704). However, age was the most important risk factor for early-stage HCC with a single tumor (the AUC was 0.605). CONCLUSION Through the neutral network analysis, we could conclude that the level of AFP is the most important risk factor for MVI-positive patients and the age is the most important risk factor for early-stage HCC with a single tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Zheng
- Liver Transplant Center, Transplant Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Liver Surgery, General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiaozhen Wei
- Department of Anesthesia & Operation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Department, West China Jintang Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingyu Pu
- Department of Liver Surgery, General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jiayin Yang
- Liver Transplant Center, Transplant Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Liver Surgery, General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
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Lopez-Lopez V, Miura K, Kuemmerli C, Capel A, Eshmuminov D, Ferreras D, Baroja-Mazo A, Cascales-Campos P, Jiménez-Mascuñán MI, Pons JA, Castellon MI, Sánchez-Bueno F, Robles-Campos R, Ramírez P. Selecting the Appropriate Downstaging and Bridging Therapies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: What Is the Role of Transarterial Radioembolization? A Pooled Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072122. [PMID: 37046783 PMCID: PMC10093460 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Transarterial radioembolization in HCC for LT as downstaging/bridging has been increasing in recent years but some indication criteria are still unclear. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search of primary research publications conducted in PubMed, Scopus and ScienceDirect databases until November 2022. Relevant data about patient selection, HCC features and oncological outcomes after TARE for downstaging or bridging in LT were analyzed. Results: A total of 14 studies were included (7 downstaging, 3 bridging and 4 mixed downstaging and bridging). The proportion of whole liver TARE was between 0 and 1.6%. Multiple TARE interventions were necessary for 16.7% up to 28% of the patients. A total of 55 of 204 patients across all included studies undergoing TARE for downstaging were finally transplanted. The only RCT included presents a higher tumor response with the downstaging rate for LT of TARE than TACE (9/32 vs. 4/34, respectively). Grade 3 or 4 adverse effects rate were detected between 15 and 30% of patients. Conclusions: TARE is a safe therapeutic option with potential advantages in its capacity to necrotize and reduce the size of the HCC for downstaging or bridging in LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Lopez-Lopez
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Digestive and Endocrine Surgery and Transplantation of Abdominal Organs Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca. Ctra., Madrid-Cartagena, s/n, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Kohei Miura
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Christoph Kuemmerli
- Department of Surgery, Clarunis—University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Capel
- Department of Vascular Intervenional Radiololy, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Dilmurodjon Eshmuminov
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) Center, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Ferreras
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Digestive and Endocrine Surgery and Transplantation of Abdominal Organs Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Baroja-Mazo
- Digestive and Endocrine Surgery and Transplantation of Abdominal Organs Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro Cascales-Campos
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Digestive and Endocrine Surgery and Transplantation of Abdominal Organs Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - María Isabel Jiménez-Mascuñán
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Digestive and Endocrine Surgery and Transplantation of Abdominal Organs Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - José Antonio Pons
- Department of Hepatology, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria Isabel Castellon
- Department of Nuclear Medicines, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Bueno
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Digestive and Endocrine Surgery and Transplantation of Abdominal Organs Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ricardo Robles-Campos
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Digestive and Endocrine Surgery and Transplantation of Abdominal Organs Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo Ramírez
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Digestive and Endocrine Surgery and Transplantation of Abdominal Organs Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
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Lorente L, Rodriguez ST, Sanz P, González-Rivero AF, Pérez-Cejas A, Padilla J, Díaz D, González A, Martín MM, Jiménez A, Cerro P, Portero J, Barrera MA. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma that die during the first year of liver transplantation have high blood sFasL concentrations. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:1753-1760. [PMID: 36970008 PMCID: PMC10037289 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i8.1753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fas ligand (FasL) is one ligand that activates extrinsic apoptosis pathway. High expression in lymphocytes of FasL have been found in patients with acute rejection of liver transplantation (LT). No high blood concentrations of soluble FasL (sFasL) have been found in patients with acute LT rejection; however, the samples size of those studies was small.
AIM To determine whether patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that dead during the first year of LT have higher blood sFasL concentrations previously to LT that those who that remain alive in a study of higher sample size.
METHODS Patients underwent LT due to HCC were included in this retrospective study. Serum sFasL levels prior to LT were measured and one-year LT mortality was registered.
RESULTS Non-surviving patients (n = 14) showed higher serum sFasL levels [477 (269-496) vs 85 (44-382) pg/mL; P < 0.001] than surviving patients (n = 113). Serum sFasL levels (pg/mL) were associated with mortality (OR = 1.006; 95%CI = 1.003-1.010; P = 0.001) independently of age of LT donor in the logistic regression analysis.
CONCLUSION We report for the first time that HCC patients who die within the first year of HT have higher blood sFasL concentrations prior to HT than those who remain alive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Lorente
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna 38320, Spain
| | - Sergio T Rodriguez
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora Candelaria, Santa Cruz Tenerife 38010, Spain
| | - Pablo Sanz
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz Tenerife 38010, Spain
| | | | - Antonia Pérez-Cejas
- Department of Laboratory, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna 38320, Spain
| | - Javier Padilla
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz Tenerife 38010, Spain
| | - Dácil Díaz
- Department of Digestive, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz Tenerife 38010, Spain
| | - Antonio González
- Department of Digestive, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz Tenerife 38010, Spain
| | - María M Martín
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora Candelaria, Santa Cruz Tenerife 38010, Spain
| | - Alejandro Jiménez
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna 38320, Spain
| | - Purificación Cerro
- Transplant Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora Candelaria, Santa Cruz Tenerife 38010, Spain
| | - Julián Portero
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora Candelaria, Santa Cruz Tenerife 38010, Spain
| | - Manuel A Barrera
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz Tenerife 38010, Spain
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Yamada S, Morine Y, Ikemoto T, Saito Y, Teraoku H, Waki Y, Nakasu C, Shimada M. Impact of apparent diffusion coefficient on prognosis of early hepatocellular carcinoma: a case control study. BMC Surg 2023; 23:6. [PMID: 36631851 PMCID: PMC9835379 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-022-01892-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the usefulness of apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) from diffusion-weighted images (DWI) obtained using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for prognosis of early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage 0 and A. METHODS We enrolled 102 patients who had undergone surgical resection for early HCC: BCLC stage 0 and A, and calculated their minimum ADC using DWI-MRI. We divided patients into ADCHigh (n = 72) and ADCLow (n = 30) groups, and compared clinicopathological factors between the two groups. RESULTS The ADCLow group showed higher protein induced by vitamin K absence-II (PIVKA-II) levels (p = 0.02) compared with the ADCHigh group. In overall survival, the ADCLow group showed significantly worse prognosis than the ADCHigh group (p < 0.01). Univariate analysis identified multiple tumors, infiltrative growth, high PIVKA-II, and low ADC value as prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis identified infiltrative growth and low ADC value as an independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSION ADC values can be used to estimate the prognosis of early HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Yamada
- grid.412772.50000 0004 0378 2191Department of Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Tokushima University Hospital, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima City, Tokushima 770-8503 Japan
| | - Yuji Morine
- grid.412772.50000 0004 0378 2191Department of Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Tokushima University Hospital, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima City, Tokushima 770-8503 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ikemoto
- grid.412772.50000 0004 0378 2191Department of Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Tokushima University Hospital, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima City, Tokushima 770-8503 Japan
| | - Yu Saito
- grid.412772.50000 0004 0378 2191Department of Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Tokushima University Hospital, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima City, Tokushima 770-8503 Japan
| | - Hiroki Teraoku
- grid.412772.50000 0004 0378 2191Department of Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Tokushima University Hospital, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima City, Tokushima 770-8503 Japan
| | - Yuhei Waki
- grid.412772.50000 0004 0378 2191Department of Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Tokushima University Hospital, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima City, Tokushima 770-8503 Japan
| | - Chiharu Nakasu
- grid.412772.50000 0004 0378 2191Department of Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Tokushima University Hospital, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima City, Tokushima 770-8503 Japan
| | - Mitsuo Shimada
- grid.412772.50000 0004 0378 2191Department of Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Tokushima University Hospital, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima City, Tokushima 770-8503 Japan
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