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Elnaggar MS, Fayez S, Anwar A, Ebada SS. Cytotoxic naphtho- and benzofurans from an endophytic fungus Epicoccum nigrum Ann-B-2 associated with Annona squamosa fruits. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4940. [PMID: 38418706 PMCID: PMC10901772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55168-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemical exploration of the total extract derived from Epicoccum nigrum Ann-B-2, an endophyte associated with Annona squamosa fruits, afforded two new metabolites, epicoccofuran A (1) and flavimycin C (2), along with four known compounds namely, epicocconigrone A (3), epicoccolide B (4), epicoccone (5) and 4,5,6-trihydroxy-7-methyl-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran (6). Structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated using extensive 1D and 2D NMR along with HR-ESI-MS. Flavimycin C (2) was isolated as an epimeric mixture of its two diastereomers 2a and 2b. The new compounds 1 and 2 displayed moderate activity against B. subtilis, whereas compounds (2, 3, 5, and 6) showed significant antiproliferative effects against a panel of seven different cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 1.3 to 12 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Elnaggar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
| | - Shaimaa Fayez
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
| | - Alaa Anwar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Sherif S Ebada
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
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2
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Dhanyamraju PK. Drug resistance mechanisms in cancers: Execution of pro-survival strategies. J Biomed Res 2024; 38:95-121. [PMID: 38413011 PMCID: PMC11001593 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.37.20230248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the quintessential challenges in cancer treatment is drug resistance. Several mechanisms of drug resistance have been described to date, and new modes of drug resistance continue to be discovered. The phenomenon of cancer drug resistance is now widespread, with approximately 90% of cancer-related deaths associated with drug resistance. Despite significant advances in the drug discovery process, the emergence of innate and acquired mechanisms of drug resistance has impeded the progress in cancer therapy. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of drug resistance and the various pathways involved is integral to treatment modalities. In the present review, I discuss the different mechanisms of drug resistance in cancer cells, including DNA damage repair, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, inhibition of cell death, alteration of drug targets, inactivation of drugs, deregulation of cellular energetics, immune evasion, tumor-promoting inflammation, genome instability, and other contributing epigenetic factors. Furthermore, I highlight available treatment options and conclude with future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Kumar Dhanyamraju
- Fels Cancer Institute of Personalized Medicine, Lewis-Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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3
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Efeoglu E, Henry M, Clynes M, Meleady P. Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of Adriamycin Selected Multidrug Resistant Human Lung Cancer Cells. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101401. [PMID: 36291610 PMCID: PMC9599763 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of drug resistance in lung cancer is a major clinical challenge, leading to a 5-year survival rate of only 18%. Therefore, unravelling the mechanisms of drug resistance and developing novel therapeutic strategies is of crucial importance. This study systematically explores the novel biomarkers of drug resistance using a lung cancer model (DLKP) with a series of drug-resistant variants. In-depth label-free quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics and gene ontology analysis shows that parental DLKP cells significantly differ from drug-resistant variants, and the cellular proteome changes even among the drug-resistant subpopulations. Overall, ABC transporter proteins and lipid metabolism were determined to play a significant role in the formation of drug resistance in DKLP cells. A series of membrane-related proteins such as HMOX1, TMB1, EPHX2 and NEU1 were identified to be correlated with levels of drug resistance in the DLKP subpopulations. The study also showed enrichment in biological processes and molecular functions such as drug metabolism, cellular response to the drug and drug binding. In gene ontology analysis, 18 proteins were determined to be positively or negatively correlated with resistance levels. Overall, 34 proteins which potentially have a therapeutic and diagnostic value were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esen Efeoglu
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, D09 NR58 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Henry
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, D09 NR58 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Martin Clynes
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, D09 NR58 Dublin, Ireland
- SSPC, The Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Paula Meleady
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, D09 NR58 Dublin, Ireland
- SSPC, The Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, D09 E432 Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-1-7005910
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4
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Prajapati KS, Singh AK, Kushwaha PP, Shuaib M, Maurya SK, Gupta S, Senapati S, Singh SP, Waseem M, Kumar S. Withaniasomnifera phytochemicals possess SARS-CoV-2 RdRp and human TMPRSS2 protein binding potential. Vegetos 2022; 36:701-720. [PMID: 35729946 PMCID: PMC9199469 DOI: 10.1007/s42535-022-00404-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected approximately 26 million people and caused more than 6 million deaths globally. Spike (S)-protein on the outer surface of the virus uses human trans-membrane serine protease-2 (TMPRSS2) to gain entry into the cell. Recent reports indicate that human dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4 or CD26) could also be utilized to check the S-protein mediated viral entry into COVID-19 patients. RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is another key virulence protein of SARS-CoV-2 life cycle. The study aimed to identify the potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors present in Withania somnifera (Solanaceae) using computer aided drug discovery approach. Molecular docking results showed that flavone glycoside, sugar alcohol, and flavonoid present in W. somnifera showed - 11.69, - 11.61, - 10.1, - 7.71 kcal/mole binding potential against S-protein, CD26, RdRp, and TMPRSS2 proteins. The major standard inhibitors of the targeted proteins (Sitagliptin, VE607, Camostat mesylate, and Remdesivir) showed the - 7.181, - 6.6, - 5.146, and - 7.56 kcal/mole binding potential. Furthermore, the lead phytochemicals and standard inhibitors bound and non-bound RdRp and TMPRSS2 proteins were subjected to molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to study the complex stability and change in protein conformation. The result showed energetically favorable and stable complex formation in terms of RMSD, RMSF, SASA, Rg, and hydrogen bond formation. Drug likeness and physiochemical properties of the test compounds exhibited satisfactory results. Taken together, the present study suggests the presence of potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 phytochemicals in W. somnifera that requires further validation in in vitro and in vivo studies. Graphical Abstract Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42535-022-00404-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari Sunita Prajapati
- Molecular Signaling & Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401 India
| | - Atul Kumar Singh
- Molecular Signaling & Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401 India
| | - Prem Prakash Kushwaha
- Molecular Signaling & Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401 India
| | - Mohd Shuaib
- Molecular Signaling & Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401 India
| | - Santosh Kumar Maurya
- Molecular Signaling & Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401 India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Sabyasachi Senapati
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, 151401 Bathinda, India
| | - Surya Pratap Singh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bansthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan India
| | - Mohammad Waseem
- Department of Zoology, Jagdam College, Jai Prakash University, Chapra, Bihar India
| | - Shashank Kumar
- Molecular Signaling & Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401 India
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Karthika C, Sureshkumar R, Zehravi M, Akter R, Ali F, Ramproshad S, Mondal B, Tagde P, Ahmed Z, Khan FS, Rahman MH, Cavalu S. Multidrug Resistance of Cancer Cells and the Vital Role of P-Glycoprotein. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:897. [PMID: 35743927 PMCID: PMC9227591 DOI: 10.3390/life12060897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a major factor in the multidrug resistance phenotype in cancer cells. P-gp is a protein that regulates the ATP-dependent efflux of a wide range of anticancer medicines and confers resistance. Due to its wide specificity, several attempts have been made to block the action of P-gp to restore the efficacy of anticancer drugs. The major goal has been to create molecules that either compete with anticancer medicines for transport or function as a direct P-gp inhibitor. Despite significant in vitro success, there are presently no drugs available in the clinic that can "block" P-gp-mediated resistance. Toxicity, unfavourable pharmacological interactions, and a variety of pharmacokinetic difficulties might all be the reason for the failure. On the other hand, P-gp has a significant effect in the body. It protects the vital organs from the entry of foreign bodies and other toxic chemicals. Hence, the inhibitors of P-gp should not hinder its action in the normal cells. To develop an effective inhibitor of P-gp, thorough background knowledge is needed in this field. The main aim of this review article was to set forth the merits and demerits of the action of P-gp on cancer cells as well as on normal cells. The influence of P-gp on cancer drug delivery and the contribution of P-gp to activating drug resistance were also mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenmala Karthika
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty 643001, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Raman Sureshkumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty 643001, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Mehrukh Zehravi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Girls Section, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University Alkharj, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Rokeya Akter
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Faraat Ali
- Department of Licensing and Enforcement, Laboratory Services, Botswana Medicines Regulatory Authority (BoMRA), Gaborone 999106, Botswana;
| | - Sarker Ramproshad
- Department of Pharmacy, Ranada Prasad Shaha University, Narayanganj 1400, Bangladesh; (S.R.); (B.M.)
| | - Banani Mondal
- Department of Pharmacy, Ranada Prasad Shaha University, Narayanganj 1400, Bangladesh; (S.R.); (B.M.)
| | - Priti Tagde
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida 201303, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Zubair Ahmed
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia;
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Mahala Campus, Community College, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhat S. Khan
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, King Khalid University, Dhahran Al Janoub, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania
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6
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Prajapati KS, Gupta S, Kumar S. Targeting Breast Cancer-Derived Stem Cells by Dietary Phytochemicals: A Strategy for Cancer Prevention and Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2864. [PMID: 35740529 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is heterogeneous disease with variable prognosis and therapeutic response. Approximately, 70% of diagnosed breast cancer represents the luminal A subtype. This subpopulation has a fair prognosis with a lower rate of relapse than the other clinical subtypes. Acquisition of stemness in luminal A subtype modifies the phenotype plasticity to accomplish increased aggressiveness and therapeutic resistance. Therefore, targeting luminal A-derived breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) could be a promising strategy for its prevention and treatment. Extensive studies reveal that dietary phytochemicals have the potential to target BCSCs by modulating the molecular and signal transduction pathways. Dietary phytochemicals alone or in combination with standard therapeutic modalities exert higher efficacy in targeting BCSCs through changes in stemness, self-renewal properties and hypoxia-related factors. These combinations offer achieving higher radio- and chemo- sensitization through alteration in the key signaling pathways such as AMPK, STAT3, NF-ĸB, Hedgehog, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Notch, GSK3β, and Wnt related to cancer stemness and drug resistance. In this review, we highlight the concept of targeting luminal A-derived BCSCs with dietary phytochemicals by summarizing the pathways and underlying mechanism(s) involved during therapeutic resistance.
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Martínez-Iglesias O, Carrera I, Naidoo V, Cacabelos R. AntiGan: An Epinutraceutical Bioproduct with Antitumor Properties in Cultured Cell Lines. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:97. [PMID: 35054489 PMCID: PMC8780983 DOI: 10.3390/life12010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel and effective chemotherapeutic agents are needed to improve cancer treatment. Epidrugs are currently used for cancer therapy but also exhibit toxicity. Targeting the epigenetic apparatus with bioproducts may aid cancer prevention and treatment. To determine whether the lipoprotein marine extract AntiGan shows epigenetic and antitumor effects, cultured HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma) and HCT116 (colorectal carcinoma) cell lines were treated with AntiGan (10, 50, 100, and to 500 µg/mL) for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. AntiGan (10 µg/mL) reduced cell viability after 48 h and increased Bax expression; AntiGan (10 and 50 µg/mL) increased caspase-3 immunoreactivity in HepG2 and HCT116 cells. AntiGan (10 and 50 µg/mL) attenuated COX-2 and IL-17 expression in both cell lines. AntiGan (10 µg/mL) increased 5mC levels in both cell types and reduced DNMT1 and DNMT3a expression in these cells. AntiGan (10 and 50 µg/mL) promoted DNMT3a immunoreactivity and reduced SIRT1 mRNA expression in both cell types. In HCT116 cells treated with AntiGan (10 µg/mL), SIRT1 immunoreactivity localized to nuclei and the cytoplasm; AntiGan (50 µg/mL) increased cytoplasmic SIRT1 localization in HCT116 cells. AntiGan is a novel antitumoral bioproduct with epigenetic properties (epinutraceutical) for treating liver and colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaia Martínez-Iglesias
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, 15165 Bergondo, Corunna, Spain; (I.C.); (V.N.); (R.C.)
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Ricci E, Fava M, Rizza P, Pellegrino M, Bonofiglio D, Casaburi I, Lanzino M, Giordano C, Bruno R, Sirianni R, Barone I, Sisci D, Morelli C. FoxO3a Inhibits Tamoxifen-Resistant Breast Cancer Progression by Inducing Integrin α5 Expression. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:214. [PMID: 35008379 PMCID: PMC8750403 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to endocrine therapy is still a major clinical challenge in the management of estrogen receptor α-positive (ERα+) breast cancer (BC). Here, the role of the Forkhead box class O (FoxO)3a transcription factor in tumor progression has been evaluated in tamoxifen-resistant BC cells (TamR), expressing lower levels of FoxO3a compared to sensitive ones. FoxO3a re-expression reduces TamR motility (wound-healing and transmigration assays) and invasiveness (matrigel transwell invasion assays) through the mRNA (qRT-PCR) and protein (Western blot) induction of the integrin α5 subunit of the α5β1 fibronectin receptor, a well-known membrane heterodimer controlling cell adhesion and signaling. The induction occurs through FoxO3a binding to a specific Forkhead responsive core sequence located on the integrin α5 promoter (cloning, luciferase, and ChIP assays). Moreover, FoxO3a failed to inhibit migration and invasion in integrin α5 silenced (siRNA) cells, demonstrating integrin α5 involvement in both processes. Finally, using large-scale gene expression data sets, a strong positive correlation between FoxO3a and integrin α5 in ERα+, but not in ER-negative (ERα-), BC patients emerged. Altogether, our data show how the oncosuppressor FoxO3a, by increasing the expression of its novel transcriptional target integrin α5, reverts the phenotype of endocrine-resistant BC toward a lower aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Diego Sisci
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (E.R.); (M.F.); (P.R.); (M.P.); (D.B.); (I.C.); (M.L.); (C.G.); (R.B.); (R.S.); (I.B.)
| | - Catia Morelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (E.R.); (M.F.); (P.R.); (M.P.); (D.B.); (I.C.); (M.L.); (C.G.); (R.B.); (R.S.); (I.B.)
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Marima R, Francies FZ, Hull R, Molefi T, Oyomno M, Khanyile R, Mbatha S, Mabongo M, Owen Bates D, Dlamini Z. MicroRNA and Alternative mRNA Splicing Events in Cancer Drug Response/Resistance: Potent Therapeutic Targets. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1818. [PMID: 34944633 PMCID: PMC8698559 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multifaceted disease that involves several molecular mechanisms including changes in gene expression. Two important processes altered in cancer that lead to changes in gene expression include altered microRNA (miRNA) expression and aberrant splicing events. MiRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that play a central role in regulating RNA silencing and gene expression. Alternative splicing increases the diversity of the proteome by producing several different spliced mRNAs from a single gene for translation. MiRNA expression and alternative splicing events are rigorously regulated processes. Dysregulation of miRNA and splicing events promote carcinogenesis and drug resistance in cancers including breast, cervical, prostate, colorectal, ovarian and leukemia. Alternative splicing may change the target mRNA 3'UTR binding site. This alteration can affect the produced protein and may ultimately affect the drug affinity of target proteins, eventually leading to drug resistance. Drug resistance can be caused by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The interplay between miRNA and alternative splicing is largely due to splicing resulting in altered 3'UTR targeted binding of miRNAs. This can result in the altered targeting of these isoforms and altered drug targets and drug resistance. Furthermore, the increasing prevalence of cancer drug resistance poses a substantial challenge in the management of the disease. Henceforth, molecular alterations have become highly attractive drug targets to reverse the aberrant effects of miRNAs and splicing events that promote malignancy and drug resistance. While the miRNA-mRNA splicing interplay in cancer drug resistance remains largely to be elucidated, this review focuses on miRNA and alternative mRNA splicing (AS) events in breast, cervical, prostate, colorectal and ovarian cancer, as well as leukemia, and the role these events play in drug resistance. MiRNA induced cancer drug resistance; alternative mRNA splicing (AS) in cancer drug resistance; the interplay between AS and miRNA in chemoresistance will be discussed. Despite this great potential, the interplay between aberrant splicing events and miRNA is understudied but holds great potential in deciphering miRNA-mediated drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahaba Marima
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfiel, Pretoria 0028, South Africa; (R.M.); (F.Z.F.); (R.H.); (T.M.); (M.O.); (R.K.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (D.O.B.)
| | - Flavia Zita Francies
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfiel, Pretoria 0028, South Africa; (R.M.); (F.Z.F.); (R.H.); (T.M.); (M.O.); (R.K.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (D.O.B.)
| | - Rodney Hull
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfiel, Pretoria 0028, South Africa; (R.M.); (F.Z.F.); (R.H.); (T.M.); (M.O.); (R.K.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (D.O.B.)
| | - Thulo Molefi
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfiel, Pretoria 0028, South Africa; (R.M.); (F.Z.F.); (R.H.); (T.M.); (M.O.); (R.K.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (D.O.B.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Meryl Oyomno
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfiel, Pretoria 0028, South Africa; (R.M.); (F.Z.F.); (R.H.); (T.M.); (M.O.); (R.K.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (D.O.B.)
- Department of Surgery, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Richard Khanyile
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfiel, Pretoria 0028, South Africa; (R.M.); (F.Z.F.); (R.H.); (T.M.); (M.O.); (R.K.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (D.O.B.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Sikhumbuzo Mbatha
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfiel, Pretoria 0028, South Africa; (R.M.); (F.Z.F.); (R.H.); (T.M.); (M.O.); (R.K.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (D.O.B.)
- Department of Surgery, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Mzubanzi Mabongo
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfiel, Pretoria 0028, South Africa; (R.M.); (F.Z.F.); (R.H.); (T.M.); (M.O.); (R.K.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (D.O.B.)
- Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - David Owen Bates
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfiel, Pretoria 0028, South Africa; (R.M.); (F.Z.F.); (R.H.); (T.M.); (M.O.); (R.K.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (D.O.B.)
- Centre for Cancer Sciences, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Zodwa Dlamini
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfiel, Pretoria 0028, South Africa; (R.M.); (F.Z.F.); (R.H.); (T.M.); (M.O.); (R.K.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (D.O.B.)
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10
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Chaisit S, Jianmongkol S. Rhinacanthin-C enhances chemosensitivity of breast cancer cells via the downregulation of P-glycoprotein through inhibition of Akt/NF-kappa B signaling pathway. J Herbmed Pharmacol 2021. [DOI: 10.34172/jhp.2022.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: High expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) has been linked to multidrug resistance (MDR) and chemotherapeutic failure. Previously, we demonstrated that rhinacanthin-C, a naphthoquinone from Rhinacanthus nasutus, was able to enhance the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin against breast cancer MCF-7 cells via direct P-gp inhibition. In this study, we looked at its effect on P-gp downregulation and the mechanism involved in the resistance of MCF-7 cells to doxorubicin. Methods: Doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7 (MCF-7/DOX) cells were exposed to rhinacanthin-C for 24-48 hours prior to the assessment of their chemosensitivity via MTT assay, P-gp activity via calcein-AM uptake assay, P-gp expression, and signaling via qRT-PCR and western blot analyses. Results: Pretreatment with 1 µM of rhinacanthin-C for 48 hours significantly enhanced cytotoxicity of doxorubicin, as well as camptothecin and etoposide, to MCF-7/DOX cells. In the rhinacanthin-C-treated cells, reduction of MDR1 mRNA and P-gp levels and increased intracellular calcein were observed. Moreover, phosphorylation of Akt, NF-ᴋB and IκB-α, along with YB-1 expression, significantly decreased after 24-hour treatment with rhinacanthin-C. In contrast, the naphthoquinone had no effect on expression levels of ERK1/2 and phosphorylated ERK1/2 under similar conditions. Conclusion: Rhinacanthin-C, at a non-cytotoxic concentration (1 µM), could downregulate P-gp expression in MCF-7/DOX cells via the inhibition of the Akt/NF-ᴋB signaling pathway and YB-1 expression. Long-term exposure to this natural naphthoquinone may increase the chemosensitivity of cancer cells with MDR phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwichak Chaisit
- Inter-Department Program of Pharmacology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Suree Jianmongkol
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Aurilio G, Santoni M, Massari F, Cimadamore A, Rizzo A, Mollica V, Verri E, Battelli N, Montironi R. Metabolomic Profiling in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients: News and Views. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5229. [PMID: 34680377 PMCID: PMC8534108 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We address novelty regarding metabolomic profiling in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients, in an attempt to postulate potential treatment strategies. METHODS A large-scale literature search in existing scientific websites focusing on the keywords "renal cell carcinoma", "clear cell histology", "papillary histology", "metabolomic profiling", and "therapeutics" was performed. Results: The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is key in clear cell RCC metabolism and accordingly several drugs are presently available for routine use in clinical practice. Along this line, new treatment combinations against PI3K/Akt family members are currently under clinical investigation. On the other hand, new developed targets such as c-Met tyrosine kinase domain, glutathione (GSH) metabolism, and histone deacetylases enzymes (HDAC), as well as therapeutic strategies targeting them are currently being tested in clinical trials and here discussed. CONCLUSIONS In RCC patients, the PI3K/Akt signaling is still the most effective targetable pathway. Targeting other metabolic pathways such as c-Met, GSH, and HDAC appears to be a promising approach and deserve further insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Aurilio
- Medical Oncology Division of Urogenital and Head & Neck Cancer, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Matteo Santoni
- Oncology Unit, Macerata Hospital, 62100 Macerata, Italy; (M.S.); (N.B.)
| | - Francesco Massari
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni-15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.M.); (A.R.); (V.M.)
| | - Alessia Cimadamore
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, School of Medicine, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, United Hospitals, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (A.C.); (R.M.)
| | - Alessandro Rizzo
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni-15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.M.); (A.R.); (V.M.)
| | - Veronica Mollica
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni-15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.M.); (A.R.); (V.M.)
| | - Elena Verri
- Medical Oncology Division of Urogenital and Head & Neck Cancer, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Nicola Battelli
- Oncology Unit, Macerata Hospital, 62100 Macerata, Italy; (M.S.); (N.B.)
| | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, School of Medicine, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, United Hospitals, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (A.C.); (R.M.)
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12
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Abstract
Rhinacanthin-C is a natural bioactive naphthoquinone ester with potential chemotherapeutic value in cancer treatment. In this study, we investigated its apoptotic induction ability and the involved mechanisms through the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase-3β/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Akt/GSK-3β/Nrf2) signaling pathways in doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer MCF-7 (MCF-7/DOX) cells. Our 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed that rhinacanthin-C (3-28 µM) significantly decreased the viability of MCF-7/DOX cells and potentiated hydrogen peroxide cytotoxicity. This naphthoquinone was able to increase intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), as measured by the 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay. This compound increased the number of apoptotic cells by elevating the ratio of apoptotic checkpoint proteins Bax/Bcl-2 and by decreasing the expression of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) protein. Furthermore, Western blotting analyses showed that treatment with rhinacanthin-C (3-28 µM) for 24 h significantly decreased the expression levels of the phosphorylated forms of MAPK proteins (i.e., extracellular signal regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and p38), Akt, GSK-3β and Nrf2 proteins in MCF-7/DOX cells. Inhibition of the Akt/GSK-3β/Nrf2 pathway led to a significant reduction in heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP)(H): quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) proteins. These findings suggested that rhinacanthin-C was able to induce apoptosis in MCF-7/DOX cells through increased ROS production and suppression of the cell survival systems mediated by the MAPKs and Akt/GSK-3β/Nrf2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwichak Chaisit
- Inter-Department Program of Pharmacology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University
| | - Suree Jianmongkol
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Chulalongkorn University
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Rascio F, Spadaccino F, Rocchetti MT, Castellano G, Stallone G, Netti GS, Ranieri E. The Pathogenic Role of PI3K/AKT Pathway in Cancer Onset and Drug Resistance: An Updated Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3949. [PMID: 34439105 PMCID: PMC8394096 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT pathway is one of the most frequently over-activated intracellular pathways in several human cancers. This pathway, acting on different downstream target proteins, contributes to the carcinogenesis, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of tumour cells. A multi-level impairment, involving mutation and genetic alteration, aberrant regulation of miRNAs sequences, and abnormal phosphorylation of cascade factors, has been found in multiple cancer types. The deregulation of this pathway counteracts common therapeutic strategies and contributes to multidrug resistance. In this review, we underline the involvement of this pathway in patho-physiological cell survival mechanisms, emphasizing its key role in the development of drug resistance. We also provide an overview of the potential inhibition strategies currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Rascio
- Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Federica Spadaccino
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (F.S.); (G.S.N.); (E.R.)
| | - Maria Teresa Rocchetti
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Castellano
- Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Giovanni Stallone
- Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Stefano Netti
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (F.S.); (G.S.N.); (E.R.)
| | - Elena Ranieri
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (F.S.); (G.S.N.); (E.R.)
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Wróbel A, Drozdowska D. Recent Design and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies on the Modifications of DHFR Inhibitors as Anticancer Agents. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:910-939. [PMID: 31622199 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666191016151018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) has been known for decades as a molecular target for antibacterial, antifungal and anti-malarial treatments. This enzyme is becoming increasingly important in the design of new anticancer drugs, which is confirmed by numerous studies including modelling, synthesis and in vitro biological research. This review aims to present and discuss some remarkable recent advances in the research of new DHFR inhibitors with potential anticancer activity. METHODS The scientific literature of the last decade on the different types of DHFR inhibitors has been searched. The studies on design, synthesis and investigation structure-activity relationships were summarized and divided into several subsections depending on the leading molecule and its structural modification. Various methods of synthesis, potential anticancer activity and possible practical applications as DHFR inhibitors of new chemical compounds were described and discussed. RESULTS This review presents the current state of knowledge on the modification of known DHFR inhibitors and the structures and searches for about eighty new molecules, designed as potential anticancer drugs. In addition, DHFR inhibitors acting on thymidylate synthase (TS), carbon anhydrase (CA) and even DNA-binding are presented in this paper. CONCLUSION Thorough physicochemical characterization and biological investigations highlight the structure-activity relationship of DHFR inhibitors. This will enable even better design and synthesis of active compounds, which would have the expected mechanism of action and the desired activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Wróbel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Białystok, Poland
| | - Danuta Drozdowska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Białystok, Poland
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15
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Tendulkar S, Dodamani S. Chemoresistance in Ovarian Cancer: Prospects for New Drugs. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:668-678. [PMID: 32900355 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200908104835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the conventional treatment, signaling pathways and various reasons for drug resistance with an understanding of novel methods that can lead to effective therapies. Ovarian cancer is amongst the most common gynecological and lethal cancers in women affecting different age groups (20-60). The survival rate is limited to 5 years due to diagnosis in subsequent stages with a reoccurrence of tumor and resistance to chemotherapeutic therapy. The recent clinical trials use the combinatorial treatment of carboplatin and paclitaxel on ovarian cancer after the cytoreduction of the tumor. Predominantly, patients are responsive initially to therapy and later develop metastases due to drug resistance. Chemotherapy also leads to drug resistance causing enormous variations at the cellular level. Multifaceted mechanisms like drug resistance are associated with a number of genes and signaling pathways that process the proliferation of cells. Reasons for resistance include epithelial-mesenchyme, DNA repair activation, autophagy, drug efflux, pathway activation, and so on. Determining the routes on the molecular mechanism that target chemoresistance pathways are necessary for controlling the treatment and understanding efficient drug targets can open light on improving therapeutic outcomes. The most common drug used for ovarian cancer is Cisplatin that activates various chemoresistance pathways, ultimately causing drug resistance. There have been substantial improvements in understanding the mechanisms of cisplatin resistance or chemo sensitizing cisplatin for effective treatment. Therefore, using therapies that involve a combination of phytochemical or novel drug delivery system would be a novel treatment for cancer. Phytochemicals are plant-derived compounds that exhibit anti-cancer, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory properties and reduce side effects exerted by chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Tendulkar
- Dr. Prabhakar Kore Basic Science Research Center, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi- 590010, Karnataka, India
| | - Suneel Dodamani
- Dr. Prabhakar Kore Basic Science Research Center, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi- 590010, Karnataka, India
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16
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Abstract
Through novel methodologies, including both basic and clinical research, progress has been made in the therapy of solid cancer. Recent innovations in anticancer therapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitor biologics, therapeutic vaccines, small drugs, and CAR-T cell injections, mark a new epoch in cancer research, already known for faster (epi-)genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. As the long-sought after personalization of cancer therapies comes to fruition, the need to evaluate all current therapeutic possibilities and select the best for each patient is of paramount importance. This is a novel task for medical care that deserves prominence in therapeutic considerations in the future. This is because cancer is a complex genetic disease. In its deadly form, metastatic cancer, it includes altered genes (and their regulators) that encode ten hallmarks of cancer-independent growth, dodging apoptosis, immortalization, multidrug resistance, neovascularization, invasiveness, genome instability, inflammation, deregulation of metabolism, and avoidance of destruction by the immune system. These factors have been known targets for many anticancer drugs and treatments, and their modulation is a therapeutic goal, with the hope of rendering solid cancer a chronic rather than deadly disease. In this article, the current therapeutic arsenal against cancers is reviewed with a focus on immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatko Dembic
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
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17
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Montalvo-Casimiro M, González-Barrios R, Meraz-Rodriguez MA, Juárez-González VT, Arriaga-Canon C, Herrera LA. Epidrug Repurposing: Discovering New Faces of Old Acquaintances in Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2020; 10:605386. [PMID: 33312959 PMCID: PMC7708379 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.605386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene mutations are strongly associated with tumor progression and are well known in cancer development. However, recently discovered epigenetic alterations have shown the potential to greatly influence tumoral response to therapy regimens. Such epigenetic alterations have proven to be dynamic, and thus could be restored. Due to their reversible nature, the promising opportunity to improve chemotherapy response using epigenetic therapy has arisen. Beyond helping to understand the biology of the disease, the use of modern clinical epigenetics is being incorporated into the management of the cancer patient. Potential epidrug candidates can be found through a process known as drug repositioning or repurposing, a promising strategy for the discovery of novel potential targets in already approved drugs. At present, novel epidrug candidates have been identified in preclinical studies and some others are currently being tested in clinical trials, ready to be repositioned. This epidrug repurposing could circumvent the classic paradigm where the main focus is the development of agents with one indication only, while giving patients lower cost therapies and a novel precision medical approach to optimize treatment efficacy and reduce toxicity. This review focuses on the main approved epidrugs, and their druggable targets, that are currently being used in cancer therapy. Also, we highlight the importance of epidrug repurposing by the rediscovery of known chemical entities that may enhance epigenetic therapy in cancer, contributing to the development of precision medicine in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Montalvo-Casimiro
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo González-Barrios
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Meraz-Rodriguez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Cristian Arriaga-Canon
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis A. Herrera
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
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Biersack B. 3,3'-Diindolylmethane and its derivatives: nature-inspired strategies tackling drug resistant tumors by regulation of signal transduction, transcription factors and microRNAs. Cancer Drug Resist 2020; 3:867-878. [PMID: 35582221 PMCID: PMC8992569 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Indoles of cruciferous vegetables are promising anti-tumor agents. Studies with indole-3-carbinol and its dimeric product, 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM), suggest that these compounds have the ability to deregulate multiple cellular signaling pathways that are essential for tumor growth and spread. These natural compounds are also effective modulators of transcription factors and non-coding RNAs. These effects explain their ability to inhibit tumor spread and to overcome drug resistance. In this work, pertinent literature on the effects of DIM and its synthetic derivatives on resistant tumors and resistance mechanisms in tumors is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Biersack
- Organic Chemistry 1, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
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Mini E, Nobili S. "Pharmacogenetics of Cancer" - Cancer Drug Resistance special issue. Cancer Drug Resist 2020; 3:225-231. [PMID: 35582607 PMCID: PMC9090591 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Mini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
- Cancer Pharmacology Working Group of the Italian Society of Pharmacology, Milan 20129, Italy
| | - Stefania Nobili
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
- Cancer Pharmacology Working Group of the Italian Society of Pharmacology, Milan 20129, Italy
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