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Prajapati KS, Kumar S. Kurarinone targets JAK2-STAT3 signaling in colon cancer-stem-like cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3959. [PMID: 38390770 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Natural compounds are known to regulate stemness/self-renewal properties in colon cancer cells at molecular level. In the present study, we first time studied the colon cancer stem-like cells targeting potential of Kurarinone (KU) and explored the underlying mechanism. Cytotoxic potential of KU was checked in colon cancer cells. Colonosphere formation assay was performed to check the spheroid formation reduction potential of KU in HCT-116 cells by using phase-contrast microscopy. Stemness/self-renewal marker expression was studied at mRNA and protein levels in colonosphere. The qRT-PCR, western blot analysis, and flow cytometer techniques were used to assess the effect of KU treatment on cell cycle progression and apoptosis induction in colon cancer cells and colonosphere. Further, effect of KU treatment on pSTAT3 status and its nuclear translocation was also studied. KU treatment significantly decreased HCT-116 cell proliferation and reduced sphere formation potential at IC30 (8.71 µM) and IC50 (20.34 µM) concentrations compared to respective vehicle-treated groups, respectively. KU exposure significantly reduced the expression of CD44, c-Myc, Bmi-1, and Sox2 stemness/self-renewal markers in colonosphere in a dose-dependent manner. KU treatment inhibits JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway by reducing pSTAT3 levels and its nuclear translocation in HCT-116 cells and colonosphere at IC50 concentration. KU treatment significantly decreased the expression of CCND1 and CDK4 cell cycle-specific markers and arrested the HCT-116 cells and colonosphere in G1-phase. Further, KU treatment increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, apoptotic cell population, cleaved caspase 3, and PARP-1 in HCT-116 cells and colonosphere. In conclusion, KU treatment decreases stemness/self-renewal, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HCT-116 colonosphere by down-regulating CD44-JAK2-STAT3 axis. Thus, targeting stemness/self-renewal and other cancer hallmark(s) by KU through CD44/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway might be a novel strategy to target colon cancer stem-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari Sunita Prajapati
- Molecular Signaling & Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Shashank Kumar
- Molecular Signaling & Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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Nishi K, Imamura I, Hoashi K, Kiyama R, Mitsuiki S. Estrogenic Prenylated Flavonoids in Sophora flavescens. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:204. [PMID: 38397194 PMCID: PMC10887985 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sophora flavescens is a medicinal herb distributed widely in Japan and it has been used to treat various diseases and symptoms. To explore its pharmacological use, we examined the estrogenic activity of four prenylated flavonoids, namely kurarinone, kushenols A and I, and sophoraflavanone G, which are characterized by the lavandulyl group at position 8 of ring A, but have variations in the hydroxyl group at positions 3 (ring C), 5 (ring A) and 4' (ring B). These prenylated flavonoids were examined via cell proliferation assays using sulforhodamine B, Western blotting, and RT-PCR, corresponding to cell, protein, and transcription assays, respectively, based on estrogen action mechanisms. All the assays employed here found weak but clear estrogenic activities for the prenylated flavonoids examined. Furthermore, the activities were inhibited by an estrogen receptor antagonist, suggesting that the activities were likely being mediated by the estrogen receptors. However, there were differences in the activity, attributable to the hydroxyl group at position 4', which is absent in kushenol A. While the estrogenic activity of kurarinone and sophoraflavanone G has been reported before, to the best of our knowledge, there are no such reports on kushenols A and I. Therefore, this study represents the first report of their estrogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shinji Mitsuiki
- Faculty of Life Science, Kyushu Sangyo University, Fukuoka 813-8503, Japan; (K.N.); (I.I.); (K.H.); (R.K.)
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Prajapati KS, Kumar S. Piper chaba, an Indian spice plant extract, inhibits cell cycle G1/S phase transition and induces intrinsic apoptotic pathway in luminal breast cancer cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:1230-1241. [PMID: 37711079 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Piper chaba (Piperaceae) is a medicinal spice plant that possesses several pharmacological activities. In the present study, we for the first time studied the effect of P. chaba extract on breast cancer cells. P. chaba stem methanolic (PCSM) extract produced time and dose dependent cytotoxicity in luminal breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and T47D) with a minimal toxicity in breast normal cells (MCF-10A) at 10-100 µg/mL concentration. PCSM extract exerts 16.79 and 31.21 µg/mL IC50 for T47D and MCF-7 cells, respectively, in 48 h treatment. PCSM significantly arrests the T47D cells at the G0/G1 phase by reducing the CCND1 and CDK4 expression at mRNA and protein levels. PCSM extract treatment significantly altered nuclear morphology, mitochondria membrane potential, and production of reactive oxygen species in T47D cells at IC50 concentration. Extract treatment significantly altered the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and altered caspase 8 and 3 mRNA/protein levels in T47D cells. Confocal microscopy showed an increase in late apoptosis in PCSM extract-treated breast cancer cells at IC50 . Further, an increased caspase 9 and caspase 3/7 enzymatic activity was observed in test cells compared with nontreated cells. In conclusion, P. chaba phytocompound possesses the potential to induce cell cycle arrest and induce apoptosis in luminal breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari Sunita Prajapati
- Molecular Signaling & Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Shashank Kumar
- Molecular Signaling & Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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Yazal T, Lee PY, Chen PR, Chen IC, Liu PL, Chen YR, Lin TC, Chen YT, Huang SP, Yeh HC, Liu CC, Lo J, Wu HE, Wang SC, Li CY. Kurarinone exerts anti-inflammatory effect via reducing ROS production, suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome, and protecting against LPS-induced sepsis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115619. [PMID: 37804813 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Kurarinone, a major lavandulyl flavanone found in the roots of Sophora flavescens aiton, has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages; however, the effects of kurarinone on the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and the protective effects against sepsis have not been well investigated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impacts of kurarinone on NLRP3 inflammasome activation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages and its protective effects against sepsis in vivo. Secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, activation of MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways, formation of NLRP3 inflammasome, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by LPS-induced macrophages were examined; additionally, in vivo LPS-induced endotoxemia model was used to investigate the protective effects of kurarinone in sepsis-induced damages. Our experimental results demonstrated that kurarinone inhibited the expression of iNOS and COX-2, suppressed the phosphorylation of MAPKs, attenuated the production of TNF-α, IL-6, nitric oxide (NO) and ROS, repressed the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and impeded the maturation and secretion of IL-1β and caspase-1. Furthermore, the administration of kurarinone attenuated the infiltration of neutrophils in the lung, kidneys and liver, reduced the expression of organ damage markers, and increased the survival rate in LPS-challenged mice. Collectively, our study demonstrated that kurarinone can protect against LPS-induced sepsis damage and exert anti-inflammatory effects via inhibiting MAPK/NF-κB pathways, attenuating NLRP3 inflammasome formation, and preventing intracellular ROS accumulation, suggesting that kurarinone might have potential for treating sepsis and inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Yazal
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Rong Chen
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - I-Chen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Po-Len Liu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ru Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chieh Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Department of Pathology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427213, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Pin Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chih Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chih Liu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
| | - Jung Lo
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-En Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chi Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Yang Li
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
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Wu G, Wu Y. Neuroprotective effect of Kurarinone against corticosterone-induced cytotoxicity on rat hippocampal neurons by targeting BACE1 to activate P13K-AKT signaling - A potential treatment in insomnia disorder. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2023; 11:e01132. [PMID: 37740616 PMCID: PMC10517343 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus has been implicated in the pathogenesis of insomnia disorder (ID) and the purpose of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective mechanism of the natural flavone Kurarinone (Kur) on hippocampal neurotoxicity as a potential treatment of ID. The effect of Kur on hippocampal neuronal cell (HNC) viability and apoptosis were assessed by Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Then, the effect of Kur on β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation level were measured by Western blot. Further, SwissTargetPrediction analysis and molecular docking experiments were used to detect a potential target of Kur. Then, the p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) model was established in vivo to further study the effect of BACE1 expression on Kur and HNC. As a result, HNC viability was only significantly decreased by 2 μM of Kur. Kur reversed the impacts of corticosterone upon inhibiting viability (0.25-1 μM), PI3K (0.5-1 μM)/AKT phosphorylation, and BDNF (1 μM) level, and enhancing the apoptosis (0.25-1 μM) and BACE1 expression (1 μM) in HNCs. BACE1 was a potential target of Kur. Notably, Kur (150 mg/kg) attenuated PCPA-induced upregulation of BACE1 expression in rat hippocampal tissues as ZRAS (0.8 g/kg). The effects of Kur (1 μM) on corticosterone-treated HNCs were reversed by BACE1 overexpression. Collectively, Kur downregulates BACE1 level to activate PI3K/AKT, thereby attenuating corticosterone-induced toxicity in HNCs, indicating that Kur possibly exerted a neuroprotective effect, which providing a new perspective for the treatment of insomnia disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Wu
- Department of MedicineTongde Hospital of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Institute of Traditional Chinese MedicineHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicine Research and DevelopmentHangzhouChina
| | - Yanyan Wu
- Department of MedicineTongde Hospital of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
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Choudhary N, Bawari S, Burcher JT, Sinha D, Tewari D, Bishayee A. Targeting Cell Signaling Pathways in Lung Cancer by Bioactive Phytocompounds. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3980. [PMID: 37568796 PMCID: PMC10417502 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a heterogeneous group of malignancies with high incidence worldwide. It is the most frequently occurring cancer in men and the second most common in women. Due to its frequent diagnosis and variable response to treatment, lung cancer was reported as the top cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide in 2020. Many aberrant signaling cascades are implicated in the pathogenesis of lung cancer, including those involved in apoptosis (B cell lymphoma protein, Bcl-2-associated X protein, first apoptosis signal ligand), growth inhibition (tumor suppressor protein or gene and serine/threonine kinase 11), and growth promotion (epidermal growth factor receptor/proto-oncogenes/phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase). Accordingly, these pathways and their signaling molecules have become promising targets for chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents. Recent research provides compelling evidence for the use of plant-based compounds, known collectively as phytochemicals, as anticancer agents. This review discusses major contributing signaling pathways involved in the pathophysiology of lung cancer, as well as currently available treatments and prospective drug candidates. The anticancer potential of naturally occurring bioactive compounds in the context of lung cancer is also discussed, with critical analysis of their mechanistic actions presented by preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Choudhary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, GNA School of Pharmacy, GNA University, Phagwara 144 401, India
| | - Sweta Bawari
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida 201 301, India
| | - Jack T. Burcher
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Dona Sinha
- Department of Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700 026, India
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110 017, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
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Li W, Yin X, Yan Y, Liu C, Li G. Kurarinone attenuates hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis through activating the PI3K/Akt signaling by upregulating IGF1 expression in human ovarian granulosa cells. Environ Toxicol 2023; 38:28-38. [PMID: 36114797 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated follicular development may lead to follicular atresia, and this is associated with oxidative stress in granulosa cells. Kurarinone is a natural compound possessing multiple activities, including antioxidative ability. However, the role of kurarinone in granulosa cell damage during follicular atresia remains unknown. Human ovarian granulosa KGN cells were treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) to induce cellular damage. Cytotoxicity was investigated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. Oxidative stress was evaluated by detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and oxidative biomarker levels. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry, a Cell Death Detection ELISA Kit, and a Caspase-3 Assay Kit. The downstream target and related signaling pathway were analyzed by western blotting. Kurarinone attenuated H2 O2 -induced LDH release in KGN cells. Kurarinone relieved H2 O2 -induced increase in ROS generation and malondialdehyde level as well as decrease in superoxide dismutase-1 activity and heme oxygenase 1 and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 mRNA levels. Kurarinone inhibited H2 O2 -induced apoptosis in KGN cells. Kurarinone targeted insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and upregulated IGF1 expression to activate the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling. IGF1 silencing attenuated the suppressive effects of kurarinone on H2 O2 -induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in KGN cells. In conclusion, kurarinone attenuates H2 O2 -induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in KGN cells through activating the PI3K/Akt signaling by upregulating IGF1 expression, indicating the therapeutic potential of kurarinone in follicular atresia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Maternal and Child Care Center of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Xiurong Yin
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Maternal and Child Care Center of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yani Yan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Maternal and Child Care Center of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Maternal and Child Care Center of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Surgical Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Care Center of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
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Shuaib M, Prajapati KS, Gupta S, Kumar S. Natural Steroidal Lactone Induces G1/S Phase Cell Cycle Arrest and Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway by Up-Regulating Tumor Suppressive miRNA in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010029. [PMID: 36676955 PMCID: PMC9863888 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with minimal treatment options. In the present work, Withaferin A (WA), a natural steroidal lactone found in Withania somnifera (Solanaceae), was studied to deduce the miRNA expression modulation mediated anticancer mode of action in TNBC cells. Small RNA next generation sequencing (NGS) of WA (2 µM) and vehicle (0.1% DMSO)-treated MDA-MB-231 cells revealed a total of 413 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and demonstrated that WA potentially up-regulates the miR-181c-5p, miR-15a-5p, miR-500b-5p, miR-191-3p, and miR-34a-5p and down-regulates miR-1275, miR-326, miR-1908-5p, and miR-3940-3p among total DEMs. The NGS and qRT-PCR expression analysis revealed a significantly higher expression of miR-181c-5p among the top 10 DEMs. Predicted target genes of the DEMs showed enrichment in cancer-associated gene ontology terms and KEGG signaling pathways. Transient up-expression of mir-181c-5p showed a time-dependent decrease in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-453 cell viability. Co-treatment of miR-181c-5p mimic and WA (at varying concentration) down-regulated cell cycle progression markers (CDK4 and Cyclin D1) at mRNA and protein levels. The treatment induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells by modulating the expression/activity of Bax, Bcl2, Caspase 3, Caspase 8, Caspase 3/7, and PARP at mRNA and protein levels. Confocal microscopy and Annexin PI assays revealed apoptotic induction in miRNA- and steroidal-lactone-treated MDA-MB-231 cells. Results indicate that the Withaferin A and miRNA mimic co-treatment strategy may be utilized as a newer therapeutic strategy to treat triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Shuaib
- Molecular Signaling & Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Guddha, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Kumari Sunita Prajapati
- Molecular Signaling & Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Guddha, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Urology, Nutrition, Pharmacology and Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Shashank Kumar
- Molecular Signaling & Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Guddha, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
- Correspondence:
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Nair SS. Antiproliferative Action of Methanolic Petiole Extract of Eichhornia Crassipes on Human Prostate Adenocarcinoma Cell Line: An In Vitro Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e32616. [PMID: 36660523 PMCID: PMC9845536 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of people are turning to herbal medicines in their search for innovative pharmaceuticals since they are effective treatments for a wide variety of conditions and traditional herbs are rich in bioactive chemicals. In this study, we looked at whether or not a petiole extract of Eichhornia crassipes preserved in methanol inhibited the proliferation of prostate cancer (PC3) cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lakes in Ezhikkara, Ernakulum, Kerala, were the source of E. crassipes. Soxhlet extraction was used to create the extract. 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to determine the cell viability of methanolic petiole extract at various concentrations. Mean and standard deviation was used to determine absorbance scores. Utilizing probit analysis, we determined the IC50 value. The descriptive statistics to measure the percent of viable cells along with the regression equation were calculated using SPSS. RESULTS It has been shown that the methanol extract significantly impacted PC3 cell lines' capacity to survive. It was also determined that increasing the medication concentration resulted in a decrease in cell viability. The percentage of living cells was measured after being exposed to methanol extracts at concentrations of 12.5 μg/ml, 25 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml, and 200 μg/ml, and found to be 95.13, 85.88, 76.12, 64.33, and 53.62 percent, respectively. With IC50 values of 199.488 g/ml, it was shown that methanolic petiole extracts of E. crassipes are cytotoxic. Using probit analysis, we determined that the regression equation is y = -0.2051x + 90.915, with an R2 value of 0.893. CONCLUSION As a result of its chemotherapeutic properties, the E. crassipes petiole extract has the potential to be employed in therapeutic applications, with the ultimate goal of bettering prostate cancer management practices and clinical results by drastically lowering cell viability. The study's results may pave the way for fresh chemotherapeutic approaches to be developed for the treatment of androgen-independent prostate cancer.
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Lu Q, Tan D, Luo J, Ye Y, Zuo M, Wang S, Li C. Potential of natural products in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Phytomedicine 2022; 106:154419. [PMID: 36087525 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a kind of functional bowel disease that is characterized by bellyache, abdominal distension, and diarrhea. Although not life-threatening, IBS has a long course and recurrent attacks and seriously affects the life quality of patients. Current drugs for treating IBS possess remarkable limitations, such as limited efficacy and severe adverse reactions. Therefore, developing novel medications to treat IBS is quite essential, and natural products may be a substantial source. PURPOSE This is the first systematic review elaborating the recent advancement of natural products as potential drugs for the therapy of IBS. METHODS A comprehensive retrieval of studies was carried out in scientific databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Elsevier, and CNKI. By using ("irritable bowel syndrome" OR "IBS") AND ("natural product" OR "natural compound" OR "phytochemical") as keywords, the eligible studies were screened, and the relevant information about therapeutic action and mechanism of natural products treating IBS was extracted. RESULTS Natural products against IBS consisted of four categories, namely, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenols. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms for natural products treating IBS were tightly associated with increased TJs and mucus protein expression, regulation of the brain-gut axis and gut microbiota structure, and inhibition of inflammatory response and intestinal mucosal damage. CONCLUSION Natural products could be extremely prospective candidate drugs used to treat IBS, and further preclinical and clinical researches are needed to guarantee their efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai 519041, PR China
| | - Daopeng Tan
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, PR China
| | - Jingbin Luo
- China Traditional Chinese Medicine Holdings Company Limited, Foshan 528000, PR China
| | - Yonghao Ye
- Zhuhai Resproly Pharmaceutical Technology Company Limited, Zhuhai 519040, PR China
| | - Manhua Zuo
- Department of Nursing, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai 519041, PR China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai 519041, PR China
| | - Cailan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai 519041, PR China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, PR China.
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Sychrová A, Škovranová G, Čulenová M, Bittner Fialová S. Prenylated Flavonoids in Topical Infections and Wound Healing. Molecules 2022; 27:4491. [PMID: 35889363 PMCID: PMC9323352 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The review presents prenylated flavonoids as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of topical skin infections and wounds, as they can restore the balance in the wound microenvironment. A thorough two-stage search of scientific papers published between 2000 and 2022 was conducted, with independent assessment of results by two reviewers. The main criteria were an MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) of up to 32 µg/mL, a microdilution/macrodilution broth method according to CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute) or EUCAST (European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing), pathogens responsible for skin infections, and additional antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and low cytotoxic effects. A total of 127 structurally diverse flavonoids showed promising antimicrobial activity against pathogens affecting wound healing, predominantly Staphylococcus aureus strains, but only artocarpin, diplacone, isobavachalcone, licochalcone A, sophoraflavanone G, and xanthohumol showed multiple activity, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory along with low cytotoxicity important for wound healing. Although prenylated flavonoids appear to be promising in wound therapy of humans, and also animals, their activity was measured only in vitro and in vivo. Future studies are, therefore, needed to establish rational dosing according to MIC and MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) values, test potential toxicity to human cells, measure healing kinetics, and consider formulation in smart drug release systems and/or delivery technologies to increase their bioavailability.
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Prajapati KS, Gupta S, Kumar S. Targeting Breast Cancer-Derived Stem Cells by Dietary Phytochemicals: A Strategy for Cancer Prevention and Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2864. [PMID: 35740529 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is heterogeneous disease with variable prognosis and therapeutic response. Approximately, 70% of diagnosed breast cancer represents the luminal A subtype. This subpopulation has a fair prognosis with a lower rate of relapse than the other clinical subtypes. Acquisition of stemness in luminal A subtype modifies the phenotype plasticity to accomplish increased aggressiveness and therapeutic resistance. Therefore, targeting luminal A-derived breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) could be a promising strategy for its prevention and treatment. Extensive studies reveal that dietary phytochemicals have the potential to target BCSCs by modulating the molecular and signal transduction pathways. Dietary phytochemicals alone or in combination with standard therapeutic modalities exert higher efficacy in targeting BCSCs through changes in stemness, self-renewal properties and hypoxia-related factors. These combinations offer achieving higher radio- and chemo- sensitization through alteration in the key signaling pathways such as AMPK, STAT3, NF-ĸB, Hedgehog, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Notch, GSK3β, and Wnt related to cancer stemness and drug resistance. In this review, we highlight the concept of targeting luminal A-derived BCSCs with dietary phytochemicals by summarizing the pathways and underlying mechanism(s) involved during therapeutic resistance.
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