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Yoshida S, Shiraishi R, Nakayama Y, Taira Y. Can Nutrition Contribute to a Reduction in Sarcopenia, Frailty, and Comorbidities in a Super-Aged Society? Nutrients 2023; 15:2991. [PMID: 37447315 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Many countries are facing the advent of super-aging societies, where sarcopenia and frailty will become pertinent problems. The prevalence of comorbidities is a major problem in countries with aged populations as elderly people suffer from various diseases, such as diabetes, heart failure, chronic kidney disease and dementia. All of these diseases are associated with sarcopenia and frailty, and they frequently cause falls, fractures, and a decline in activities of daily living. Fractures in the elderly people are associated with bone fragility, which is influenced by diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Nutritional support for chronic disease patients and sarcopenic individuals with adequate energy and protein intake, vitamin D supplementation, blood glucose level management for individuals with diabetes, obesity prevention, nutritional education for healthy individuals, and the enlightenment of society could be crucial to solve the health-related problems in super-aging societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadao Yoshida
- Department of Rehabilitation, Chuzan Hospital, 6-2-1 Matsumoto, Okinawa 904-2151, Okinawa, Japan
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Okinawa University, 555 Kokuba, Naha 902-8521, Okinawa, Japan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kinjo University, 1200 Kasama-machi, Hakusan 924-8511, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Ryo Shiraishi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Chuzan Hospital, 6-2-1 Matsumoto, Okinawa 904-2151, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakayama
- Department of Rehabilitation, Chuzan Hospital, 6-2-1 Matsumoto, Okinawa 904-2151, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yasuko Taira
- Faculty of Nutrition, Chuzan Hospital, 6-2-1 Matsumoto, Okinawa 904-2151, Okinawa, Japan
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2
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Youness RA, Dawoud A, ElTahtawy O, Farag MA. Fat-soluble vitamins: updated review of their role and orchestration in human nutrition throughout life cycle with sex differences. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:60. [PMID: 36064551 PMCID: PMC9446875 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00696-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Age and Gender are vital determinants for the micronutrient demands of normal indviduals. Among these micronutrients are vitamins that are required in small amounts for optimum metabolism, homeostasis, and a healthy lifestyle, acting as coenzymes in several biochemical reactions. The majority of previous studies have examined such issues that relates to a specific vitamin or life stage, with the majority merely reporting the effect of either excess or deficiency. Vitamins are classified into water-soluble and fat-soluble components. The fat-soluble vitamins include vitamins (A, D, E, and K). Fat-soluble vitamins were found to have an indisputable role in an array of physiological processes such as immune regulation, vision, bone and mental health. Nonetheless, the fat-soluble vitamins are now considered a prophylactic measurement for a multitude of diseases such as autism, rickets disease, gestational diabetes, and asthma. Herein, in this review, a deep insight into the orchestration of the four different fat-soluble vitamins requirements is presented for the first time across the human life cycle beginning from fertility, pregnancy, adulthood, and senility with an extensive assessment ofthe interactions among them and their underlying mechanistic actions. The influence of sex for each vitamin is also presented at each life stage to highlight the different daily requirements and effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana A Youness
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt. .,Biology and Biochemistry Department, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted By Global Academic Foundation, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Alyaa Dawoud
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.,Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omar ElTahtawy
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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Blumfield M, Mayr H, De Vlieger N, Abbott K, Starck C, Fayet-moore F, Marshall S. Should We ‘Eat a Rainbow’? An Umbrella Review of the Health Effects of Colorful Bioactive Pigments in Fruits and Vegetables. Molecules 2022; 27:4061. [PMID: 35807307 PMCID: PMC9268388 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Health promotion campaigns have advocated for individuals to ‘eat a rainbow’ of fruits and vegetables (FV). However, the literature has only focused on individual color pigments or individual health outcomes. This umbrella review synthesized the evidence on the health effects of a variety of color-associated bioactive pigments found in FV (carotenoids, flavonoids, betalains and chlorophylls), compared to placebo or low intakes. A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and CENTRAL was conducted on 20 October 2021, without date limits. Meta-analyzed outcomes were evaluated for certainty via the GRADE system. Risk of bias was assessed using the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine critical appraisal tools. A total of 86 studies were included, 449 meta-analyzed health outcomes, and data from over 37 million participants were identified. A total of 42% of health outcomes were improved by color-associated pigments (91% GRADE rating very low to low). Unique health effects were identified: n = 6 red, n = 10 orange, n = 3 yellow, n = 6 pale yellow, n = 3 white, n = 8 purple/blue and n = 1 green. Health outcomes associated with multiple color pigments were body weight, lipid profile, inflammation, cardiovascular disease, mortality, type 2 diabetes and cancer. Findings show that color-associated FV variety may confer additional benefits to population health beyond total FV intake.
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Pathak GA, De Lillo A, Wendt FR, De Angelis F, Koller D, Mendoza BC, Jacoby D, Miller EJ, Buxbaum JN, Polimanti R. The integration of genetically-regulated transcriptomics and electronic health records highlights a pattern of medical outcomes related to increased hepatic transthyretin expression. Amyloid 2022; 29:110-119. [PMID: 34935565 PMCID: PMC9213571 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2021.2018678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is the precursor of the fibrils that compromise organ function in hereditary and sporadic systemic amyloidoses (ATTR). RNA-interference and anti-sense therapeutics targeting TTR hepatic transcription have been shown to reduce TTR amyloid formation. In the present study, we leveraged genetic and phenotypic information from the UK Biobank and transcriptomic profiles from the Genotype-Tissue Expression project to test the association of genetically regulated TTR gene expression with 7149 traits assessed in 420,531 individuals. We conducted a multi-tissue analysis of TTR transcription and identified an association with a operational procedure related to bone fracture (p = 5.46×10-6). Using tissue-specific TTR expression information, we demonstrated that the association is driven by the genetic regulation of TTR hepatic expression (odds ratio [OR] = 3.46, p = 9.51×10-5). Using the UK Biobank electronic health records (EHRs), we investigated the comorbidities affecting individuals undergoing this surgical procedure. Excluding bone fracture EHRs, we identified a pattern of health outcomes previously associated with ATTR manifestations. These included osteoarthritis (OR = 3.18, p = 9.18×10-8), carpal tunnel syndrome (OR = 2.15, p = .002), and a history of gastrointestinal diseases (OR = 2.01, p = 8.07×10-4). In conclusion, our study supports that TTR hepatic expression can affect health outcomes linked to physiological and pathological processes presumably related to the encoded protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita A. Pathak
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Antonella De Lillo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Frank R. Wendt
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Flavio De Angelis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Dora Koller
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Brenda Cabrera Mendoza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Daniel Jacoby
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Edward J. Miller
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Renato Polimanti
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- Corresponding author: Renato Polimanti, Ph.D., Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry. VA CT 116A2, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT 06516, USA. Phone: +1 (203) 932-5711 x5745. Fax: +1 (203) 937-3897.
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Zhang Y, Ding J, Liang J. Associations of Dietary Vitamin A and Beta-Carotene Intake With Depression. A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Front Nutr 2022; 9:881139. [PMID: 35548582 PMCID: PMC9083456 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.881139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To clarify the associations of dietary vitamin A and beta-carotene intake with depression based on a meta-analysis of observational studies. Methods An extensive literature search on February 2022 (PubMed, Web of Science and Embase) was employed to identify observational studies on the associations of dietary vitamin A and beta-carotene intake with depression. The pooled relative risk (RR) of depression for the highest vs. lowest dietary vitamin A and beta-carotene intake category, and the standard mean difference (SMD) of dietary vitamin A and beta-carotene intake for depression vs. control subjects, were calculated. Results A total of 25 observational studies (100,955 participants), which included 24 cross-sectional/case-control and 1 prospective cohort study, were included in this study. The overall multi-variable adjusted RR demonstrated that dietary vitamin A intake was inversely associated with depression (RR = 0.83, 95%CI: 0.70–1.00; P = 0.05). In addition, the combined SMD showed that the dietary vitamin A intake in depression was also lower than that in control subjects (SMD = −0.13, 95%CI: −0.18 to −0.07; P < 0.001). On the other hand, the overall multi-variable adjusted RR indicated that dietary beta-carotene intake was negatively associated with depression (RR = 0.63, 95%CI: 0.55–0.72; P < 0.001). The combined SMD showed that the dietary beta-carotene intake in depression was also lower than that in control subjects (SMD = −0.34, 95%CI: −0.48 to −0.20; P < 0.001). Conclusion Our results suggest that both dietary vitamin A and beta-carotene intake is inversely associated with depression. However, due to the limited evidence, further prospective cohort studies are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Ding
- Changsha Social Work College, Changsha, China
| | - Jieyu Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Webster J, Rycroft CE, Greenwood DC, Cade JE. Dietary risk factors for hip fracture in adults: An umbrella review of meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259144. [PMID: 34758048 PMCID: PMC8580223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To summarise the totality of evidence regarding dietary risk factors for hip fracture in adults, evaluating the quality of evidence, to provide recommendations for practice and further research. DESIGN Systematic review of meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Systematic reviews with meta-analyses reporting summary risk estimates for associations between hip fracture incidence and dietary exposures including oral intake of a food, food group, beverage, or nutrient, or adherence to dietary patterns. INFORMATION SOURCES Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from inception until November 2020. DATA SYNTHESIS The methodological quality of systematic reviews and meta-analyses was assessed using AMSTAR-2, and the quality of evidence for each association was assessed using GRADE. Results were synthesised descriptively. RESULTS Sixteen systematic reviews were identified, covering thirty-four exposures, including dietary patterns (n = 2 meta-analyses), foods, food groups, or beverages (n = 16), macronutrients (n = 3), and micronutrients (n = 13). Identified meta-analyses included 6,282 to 3,730,424 participants with between 322 and 26,168 hip fractures. The methodological quality (AMSTAR-2) of all systematic reviews was low or critically low. The quality of evidence (GRADE) was low for an inverse association between hip fracture incidence and intake of fruits and vegetables combined (adjusted summary relative risk for higher vs lower intakes: 0.92 [95% confidence interval: 0.87 to 0.98]), and very low for the remaining thirty-three exposures. CONCLUSION Dietary factors may play a role in the primary prevention of hip fracture, but the methodological quality of systematic reviews and meta-analyses was below international standards, and there was a lack of high-quality evidence. More long-term cohort studies reporting absolute risks and robust, well-conducted meta-analyses with dose-response information are needed before policy guidelines can be formed. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42020226190.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Webster
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine E. Rycroft
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Janet E. Cade
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Je M, Kim H, Kim Y. A Structural Equation Modelling Approach to Determine Factors of Bone Mineral Density in Korean Women. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:11658. [PMID: 34770170 PMCID: PMC8583138 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND no studies have assessed the associations of nutrient intake, physical activity, age, and body mass index (BMI) with bone mineral density (BMD) using structural equation modelling (SEM) in Korean women. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of nutrient intakes, physical activity, and body mass index (BMI) on BMD in Korean premenopausal and postmenopausal women, with the SEM approach, based on the fourth and fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) 2008-2011. METHODS SEM analysis was performed with 4160 women (2863 premenopausal women and 1297 postmenopausal women) aged 30-75 years in order to investigate total, direct, or mediating effects of nutrient intake, physical activity, age, and BMI on BMD. Model sensitivity to external misspecification and statistical significance of SEM was determined by phantom variables and bootstrapping. Reliability assessment of the SEM was done by Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS a direct effect of minerals (potassium, calcium, and phosphorus) on BMD (total femur, femoral neck, lumbar spine, and whole body) was observed in premenopausal and postmenopausal women (p = 0.045 and p = 0.048, respectively). Age and BMI showed a total effect on BMD in premenopausal and postmenopausal women (p = 0.002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS our study suggests that mineral intake (potassium, calcium, and phosphorus), age, and BMI are major contributors to BMD in Korean premenopausal and postmenopausal women aged 30-75 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyung Je
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.J.); (H.K.)
| | - Hyerim Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.J.); (H.K.)
| | - Yoona Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
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8
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Herlin M, Sánchez-Pérez I, Esteban J, Korkalainen M, Barber X, Finnilä MAJ, Hamscher G, Joseph B, Viluksela M, Håkansson H. Bone toxicity induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and the retinoid system: A causality analysis anchored in osteoblast gene expression and mouse data. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 105:25-43. [PMID: 34363983 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dioxin exposures impact on bone quality and osteoblast differentiation, as well as retinoic acid metabolism and signaling. In this study we analyzed associations between increased circulating retinol concentrations and altered bone mineral density in a mouse model following oral exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlordibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Additionally, effects of TCDD on differentiation marker genes and genes involved with retinoic acid metabolism were analysed in an osteoblast cell model followed by benchmark dose-response analyses of the gene expression data. Study results show that the increased trabecular and decreased cortical bone mineral density in the mouse model following TCDD exposure are associated with increased circulating retinol concentrations. Also, TCDD disrupted the expression of genes involved in osteoblast differentiation and retinoic acid synthesis, degradation, and nuclear translocation in directions compatible with increasing cellular retinoic acid levels. Further evaluation of the obtained results in relation to previously published data by the use of mode-of-action and weight-of-evidence inspired analytical approaches strengthened the evidence that TCDD-induced bone and retinoid system changes are causally related and compatible with an endocrine disruption mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Herlin
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ismael Sánchez-Pérez
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Javier Esteban
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Merja Korkalainen
- Environmental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Xavier Barber
- Centro de Investigación Operativa, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Mikko A J Finnilä
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics, and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Gerd Hamscher
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 10 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Bertrand Joseph
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Matti Viluksela
- Environmental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Kuopio, Finland; School of Pharmacy (Toxicology) and Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Helen Håkansson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Abstract
Osteoporotic or fragility fractures affect one in two women and one in five men who are older than 50. These events are associated with substantial morbidity, increased mortality, and an impaired quality of life. Recommended general measures for fragility fracture prevention include a balanced diet with an optimal protein and calcium intake and vitamin D sufficiency, together with regular weight-bearing physical exercise. In this narrative Review, we discuss the role of nutrients, foods, and dietary patterns in maintaining bone health. Much of this information comes from observational studies. Bone mineral density, microstructure-estimated bone strength, and trabecular and cortical microstructure are positively associated with total protein intake. Several studies indicate that fracture risk might be lower with a higher dietary protein intake, provided that the calcium supply is sufficient. Dairy products are a valuable source of these two nutrients. Hip fracture risk appears to be lower in consumers of dairy products, particularly fermented dairy products. Consuming less than five servings per day of fruit and vegetables is associated with a higher hip fracture risk. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet or to a prudent diet is associated with a lower fracture risk. These various nutrients and dietary patterns influence gut microbiota composition or function, or both. The conclusions of this Review emphasise the importance of a balanced diet including minerals, protein, and fruit and vegetables for bone health and in the prevention of fragility fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Rizzoli
- Service of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Emmanuel Biver
- Service of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tara C Brennan-Speranza
- School of Medical Sciences and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Khojah Q, AlRumaihi S, AlRajeh G, Aburas A, AlOthman A, Ferwana M. Vitamin A and its dervatives effect on bone mineral density, a systematic review. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:4089-4095. [PMID: 35136772 PMCID: PMC8797105 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_663_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Toraishi M, Uenishi K, Iwamoto J, Otani T. Vitamin A intake is related to stress fracture occurrence in male collegiate long-distance runners. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 61:1509-1514. [PMID: 33269888 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11792-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrient intake has an essential role in bone disorder prevention among long-distance runners. However, the influence of Vitamin A intake on the risk of stress fractures remains unknown. This prospective study aimed to investigate the association between Vitamin A intake, and stress fracture occurrence in male collegiate long-distance runners. METHODS Forty-one male long-distance runners were recruited from a top-class long-distance college running team whose complete survey data on bone mass, anthropometric measurements, blood and urine tests, food intake frequency, history of competing in long-distance races, and monthly running distance during 2009-2010 were available. The influence of factors related to stress fractures, including Vitamin A intake, at baseline and the occurrence of stress fractures during the 1-year period were investigated. RESULTS Four athletes experienced stress fractures during the study period (stress fracture group) and had significantly higher Vitamin A, calcium, and iron intake at baseline compared with that in the nonstress fracture group. In the stress fracture group, the mean daily Vitamin A intake was 2792 μg of retinol activity equivalents (RAE), which was higher than the upper intake limit for males aged 18-25 years in the Japanese Dietary Standard. Logistic regression analyses showed that only Vitamin A intake independently contributed to stress fracture occurrence. The odds ratio of developing stress fractures with a 100-μg RAE increase in Vitamin A intake was 1.22. CONCLUSIONS A result of the present study suggested that Vitamin A intake was associated with stress fracture occurrence in male collegiate long-distance runners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Toraishi
- Graduate School of Health Management, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan - .,Teikyo University Institute of Sports Science and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan -
| | - Kazuhiro Uenishi
- Laboratory of Physiological Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Jun Iwamoto
- Bone and Joint Disease Center, Keiyu Orthopedic Hospital, Gunma, Japan
| | - Toshiro Otani
- Graduate School of Health Management, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
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12
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Charkos TG, Liu Y, Oumer KS, Vuong AM, Yang S. Effects of β-carotene intake on the risk of fracture: a Bayesian meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:711. [PMID: 33129293 PMCID: PMC7603770 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03733-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies examining the association between β-carotene intake and risk of fracture have reported inconsistent findings. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the association between β-carotene intake and risk of fracture. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane library databases for relevant articles that were published until December 2019. We also identified studies from reference lists of articles identified from the clinical databases. The frequentist and Bayesian random-effects model was used to synthesize data. Results Nine studies with a total of 190,545 men and women, with an average age of 59.8 years, were included in this meta-analysis. For β-carotene intake (1.76–14.30 mg/day), the pooled risk ratio (RR) of any fracture was 0.67 (95% Credible Interval (CrI): 0.51–0.82; heterogeneity: P = 0.66, I2 = 0.00%) and 0.63 (95%CrI: 0.44–0. 82) for hip fracture. By study design, the pooled RRs were 0.55 (95% CrI: 0.14–0.96) for case-control studies and 0.82 (95% CrI: 0.58–0.99) for cohort studies. By geographic region, the pooled RRs were 0.58 (95% CrI: 0.28–0.89), 0.86 (95% CrI: 0.35–0.1.37), and 0.91(95% CrI: 0.75–1.00) for studies conducted in China, the United States, and Europe, respectively. By sex, the pooled RRs were 0.88 (95% CrI: 0.73–0.99) for males and 0.76 (95% CrI, 0.44–1.07) for females. There was a 95% probability that β-carotene intake reduces risk of hip fracture and any type of fracture by more than 20%. Conclusions The present meta-analysis suggests that β-carotene intake was inversely associated with fracture risk, which was consistently observed for case-control and cohort studies. Randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm this relationship. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12891-020-03733-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfaye Getachew Charkos
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yawen Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Kemal Sherefa Oumer
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Ann M Vuong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA
| | - Shuman Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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13
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Wändell P, Li X, Carlsson AC, Sundquist J, Sundquist K. Distal forearm fractures in immigrant groups: A national Swedish study. Bone 2020; 138:115508. [PMID: 32599220 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to analyse risk of forearm fractures in first- and second-generation immigrants to Sweden. METHODS A nationwide study of individuals 20 years of age and older was conducted. Forearm fractures were defined as at least one registered diagnosis in the National Patient Register between January 1, 1998 and December 31, 2012. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate the relative risk (hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI)) of incident forearm fractures compared to Swedish-born individuals, or in second-generation immigrant groups relative to individuals with Swedish-born parents. Cox regression models were stratified by sex and adjusted for age, sociodemographic status, and co-morbidities. RESULTS A total of 5,953,764 individuals were included in the first-generation study (2,861,256 men, and 3,092,508 women), and a forearm fracture was registered in 166,955 individuals (2.8%). The second-generation study included 4,656,023 individuals (2,368,585 men, and 2,287,438 women) with a registered forearm fracture in 111,576 individuals (2.4%). Fully adjusted HRs showed marginally lower risks when all immigrants were studied, for first-generation men 0.95 (95% CI 0.92-0.98) and women 0.95 (95% CI 95 0.92-0.97), and for second-generation men 0.93 (95% CI 0.90-0.97) and women 0.90 (95% CI 0.88-0.93). An increased risk was found among some first-generation immigrant men, especially in men from the Middle East. CONCLUSIONS We observed a marginally lower overall risk of fractures among immigrants, but with differences among the immigrant groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Wändell
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Xinjun Li
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Axel C Carlsson
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Academic Primary Health Care Centre, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Center for Community-based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Department of Functional Pathology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Center for Community-based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Department of Functional Pathology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
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14
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Abstract
Drugs may cause bone loss by lowering sex steroid levels (e.g., aromatase inhibitors in breast cancer, GnRH agonists in prostate cancer, or depot medroxyprogestone acetate - DMPA), interfere with vitamin D levels (liver inducing anti-epileptic drugs), or directly by toxic effects on bone cells (chemotherapy, phenytoin, or thiazolidinedions, which diverts mesenchymal stem cells from forming osteoblasts to forming adipocytes). However, besides effects on the mineralized matrix, interactions with collagen and other parts of the unmineralized matrix may decrease bone biomechanical competence in a manner that may not correlate with bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual energy absorptiometry (DXA).Some drugs and drug classes may decrease BMD like the thiazolidinediones and consequently increase fracture risk. Other drugs such as glucocorticoids may decrease BMD, and thus increase fracture risk. However, glucocorticoids may also interfere with the unmineralized matrix leading to an increase in fracture risk, not mirrored in BMD changes. Some drugs such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), paracetamol, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may not per se be associated with bone loss, but fracture risk may be increased, possibly stemming from an increased risk of falls stemming from effects on postural balance mediated by effects on the central nervous system or cardiovascular system.This paper performs a systematic review of drugs inducing bone loss or associated with fracture risk. The chapter is organized by the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Vestergaard
- Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
- Steno Diabetes Center North Jutland, Aalborg, Denmark.
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15
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Tomlinson DJ, Erskine RM, Morse CI, Onambélé GL. Body Fat Percentage, Body Mass Index, Fat Mass Index and the Ageing Bone: Their Singular and Combined Roles Linked to Physical Activity and Diet. Nutrients 2019; 11:E195. [PMID: 30669348 PMCID: PMC6356293 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study took a multi-analytical approach including group differences, correlations and unit-weighed directional z-score comparisons to identify the key mediators of bone health. A total of 190 participants (18⁻80 years) were categorized by body fat%, body mass index (BMI) and fat mass index (FMI) to examine the effect of differing obesity criteria on bone characteristics. A subset of 50 healthy-eating middle-to-older aged adults (44⁻80 years) was randomly selected to examine any added impact of lifestyle and inflammatory profiles. Diet was assessed using a 3-day food diary, bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry in the lumbar, thoracic, (upper and lower) appendicular and pelvic areas. Physical activity was assessed using the Baecke questionnaire, and endocrine profiling was assessed using multiplex luminometry. Obesity, classed via BMI, positively affected 20 out of 22 BMC- and BMD-related outcome measures, whereas FMI was associated with 14 outcome measures and adiposity only modulated nine out of 22 BMC- and BMD-related outcome measures. Whilst bivariate correlations only linked vitamin A and relative protein intake with BMD, the Z-score composite summary presented a significantly different overall dietary quality between healthy and osteopenic individuals. In addition, bivariate correlations from the subset revealed daily energy intake, sport-based physical activity and BMI positive mediators of seven out of 10 BMD sites with age and body fat% shown to be negative mediators of bone characteristics. In conclusion, whilst BMI is a good indicator of bone characteristics, high body fat% should also be the focus of osteoporosis risk with ageing. Interestingly, high BMI in conjunction with moderate to vigorous activity supplemented with an optimal diet (quality and quantity) are identified as positive modulators of bone heath.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Tomlinson
- Musculoskeletal Sciences and Sport Medicine Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe CW1 5DU, UK.
| | - Robert M Erskine
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London W1T 7HA, UK.
| | - Christopher I Morse
- Musculoskeletal Sciences and Sport Medicine Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe CW1 5DU, UK.
| | - Gladys L Onambélé
- Musculoskeletal Sciences and Sport Medicine Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe CW1 5DU, UK.
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16
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Abstract
Bone health is critical to overall health and quality of life. Although genetic factors play a key role in bone formation, there are several external factors that can be modified to preserve bone health. Diet, exercise, menstrual irregularities, medications, disease states, weight, and environmental factors can all affect fracture risk. Osteoporosis is characterized by decrease in bone mass and microarchitectural changes in the bone that increases fracture risk. Screening for osteoporosis may help facilitate treatment before fractures occur. Preventing fractures needs patient and physician understanding of bone health to improve and requires a team effort.
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17
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Astrup A, Bügel S. Overfed but undernourished: recognizing nutritional inadequacies/deficiencies in patients with overweight or obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 43:219-232. [PMID: 29980762 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0143-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are highly prevalent throughout the world and can adversely affect the nutritional status of individuals. Studies have shown that many people with obesity have inadequate intake of iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, folate and vitamins A and B12, likely as a result of poor diet quality. Nutritional inadequacies or deficiencies may also occur due to altered pharmacokinetics in the individual with obesity and due to interactions in those with overweight or obesity with various pharmaceuticals. However, it has been demonstrated that the adult population in the United States as a whole is deficient in certain micronutrients as a result of the availability and overconsumption of high-calorie, low-nutrient processed foods. Poor nutrition may contribute to the development of certain chronic conditions, such as type 2 diabetes, which is already more prevalent in those with obesity. Clinicians need to be aware of these gaps, particularly in those individuals with obesity who are undergoing bariatric surgery or taking pharmaceutical products long term to facilitate weight loss. Patients with overweight or obesity likely struggle to achieve a balanced diet and may benefit from consultation with a dietitian. Along with providing recommendations for healthy eating and exercise, supplementation with specific micronutrients or multivitamins should be considered for individuals at the highest risk for or with established deficiencies. Further research is needed to understand the factors underlying nutritional inadequacies in individuals with overweight or obesity, as well as the outcomes of treatment strategies employed to address them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Susanne Bügel
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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