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Hassan ES, Abdelaal AEA, Oshaba AS, El-Emary A, Dessouky MI, El-Samie FEA. Optimizing bandwidth utilization and traffic control in ISP networks for enhanced smart agriculture. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300650. [PMID: 38527025 PMCID: PMC10962847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
As the demand for high-bandwidth Internet connections continues to surge, industries are exploring innovative ways to harness this connectivity, and smart agriculture stands at the forefront of this evolution. In this paper, we delve into the challenges faced by Internet Service Providers (ISPs) in efficiently managing bandwidth and traffic within their networks. We propose a synergy between two pivotal technologies, Multi-Protocol Label Switching-Traffic Engineering (MPLS-TE) and Diffserv Quality of Service (Diffserv-QoS), which have implications beyond traditional networks and resonate strongly with the realm of smart agriculture. The increasing adoption of technology in agriculture relies heavily on real-time data, remote monitoring, and automated processes. This dynamic nature requires robust and reliable high-bandwidth connections to facilitate data flow between sensors, devices, and central management systems. By optimizing bandwidth utilization through MPLS-TE and implementing traffic control mechanisms with Diffserv-QoS, ISPs can create a resilient network foundation for smart agriculture applications. The integration of MPLS-TE and Diffserv-QoS has resulted in significant enhancements in throughput and a considerable reduction in Jitter. Employment of the IPv4 header has demonstrated impressive outcomes, achieving a throughput of 5.83 Mbps and reducing Jitter to 3 msec.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad S. Hassan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman E. A. Abdelaal
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S. Oshaba
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atef El-Emary
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moawad I. Dessouky
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, Egypt
| | - Fathi E. Abd El-Samie
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, Egypt
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Dhamande MM, Beri A, Bhoyar A, Dubey SA, Sathe S. Esthetic Solutions With Layered Zirconia Prostheses: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e49822. [PMID: 38164308 PMCID: PMC10758237 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
To meet the challenges of rehabilitating anterior teeth and achieving natural-looking restorations, it is essential to address issues such as improper shape, size, irregular gingival contour, and unaesthetic shades. The increasing demand for aesthetically pleasing and metal-free solutions has popularized materials like dental zirconia, offering optimal aesthetics and desirable mechanical properties. Within this context, a case report highlights clinical experiences with layered zirconia fixed dental prostheses designed specifically for anterior teeth. The report focuses on the prosthetic rehabilitation of both endodontically treated and vital abutments, exploring the influence of zirconia composition, design, layering technique, shade selection, occlusion, and the unique clinical challenges associated with each condition. The selection of zirconia composition, framework design, and shade in layered zirconia prostheses is intricately tied to the characteristics of the abutments. This interconnectedness underscores the importance of a thoughtful and customized approach to address the specific requirements of each clinical scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithilesh M Dhamande
- Prosthodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Arushi Beri
- Prosthodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Anjali Bhoyar
- Prosthodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Surekha A Dubey
- Prosthodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Seema Sathe
- Prosthodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Rupawat D, Nallaswamy D, Somasundaram J, Ganapathy D, S N, Sekaran S. An Invitro Chewing Simulation Study Comparing the Wear Resistance Behavior of Polyetheretherketone-Layered Composite Crown and Ceramic-Layered Zirconia Crown. Cureus 2023; 15:e46439. [PMID: 37927753 PMCID: PMC10622335 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the wear resistance and color stability of fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) fabricated using two different materials: zirconia veneered with feldspathic porcelain and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) veneered with indirect composite. The assessment included samples subjected to thermocycling and wear simulation. METHODS Two groups of FDPs were examined: one made of zirconia veneered with feldspathic porcelain (control and thermocycled) and the other made of PEEK veneered with indirect composite (worn and thermocycled). The samples were evaluated for wear resistance, antagonist wear, and color stability. Computer-aided design (CAD) software and a digital spectrophotometer were used for analysis. RESULTS Zirconia veneered with porcelain demonstrated higher wear resistance compared to PEEK veneered with indirect composite. PEEK veneered with indirect composite exhibited significantly lower antagonist wear, indicating a protective effect on opposing teeth. There was no significant difference in color stability between the two groups, even after subjecting them to thermocycling and wear simulation. CONCLUSION The study concludes that FDPs fabricated with PEEK veneered with indirect composite may have lower wear resistance compared to zirconia veneered with porcelain. However, PEEK FDPs appear to be safer for antagonists due to reduced antagonist wear. Importantly, both materials exhibited similar color stability, making PEEK a viable alternative for FDPs when aesthetic appeal and antagonist protection are primary considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Rupawat
- Prosthodontics, Saveetha Denal College and Hospitals, Chennai, IND
| | - Deepak Nallaswamy
- Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | | | - Dhanraj Ganapathy
- Prosthodontics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Neeharika S
- Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Saravanan Sekaran
- Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Univerity, Chennai, IND
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Sayed ME, Jain S, Jokhadar HF, Alshahrani AA, AlResayes SS, Alqahtani SM, Alqarni H, Anab NA, Alsubeaie NH, Alsubaie SH, Khalid A, Franco R, Minervini G. Effect of smokeless tobacco on color stability and surface roughness of CAD/CAM milled, 3D printed, and conventional provisional crown and fixed dental prosthesis materials: An in vitro study. Technol Health Care 2023:THC230723. [PMID: 37694329 DOI: 10.3233/thc-230723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Provisional fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) plays an important role during fixed prosthodontic therapy till the definitive. Discoloration of materials used for provisional FDPs can cause patient dissatisfaction and may create doubt about the color stability of the definitive FDP. Surface roughness is the other major property to be taken into consideration for provisional FDP materials. Smokeless tobacco is reported to affect the color stability and surface roughness of different prosthetic materials. OBJECTIVE The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of two types of smokeless tobacco (black and white) on color stability and surface roughness of 3D printed, CAD/CAM milled, and conventional provisional FDP resin materials. METHODS A total of 144 disc-shaped specimens were fabricated using four techniques CAD/CAM subtractive technique (milling), CAD/CAM additive technique (3D Printing), and conventional technique using autopolymerized PMMA, and autopolymerized Bis-acrylic resins. Each group was subdivided into three subgroups of twelve specimens each, and were submerged into three solutions (artificial salivary substitute, black smokeless tobacco, white smokeless tobacco). The change in color and surface roughness was evaluated and the data collected were statistically analyzed. RESULTS It was observed that black smokeless tobacco caused the maximum color change and the effect was highest in autopolymerized PMMA resin specimens (ΔE = 9.343 ± 0.489), followed by 3D printed (ΔE = 7.187 ± 0.391), autopolymerized Bis-acryl (ΔE = 6.464 ± 0.453) and milled (ΔE = 4.978 ± 0.227). White smokeless tobacco was found to cause a maximum change in surface roughness and the effect was highest in autopolymerized Bis-acryl specimens (ΔRa = 0.321 ± 0.015 μm), followed by autopolymerized PMMA (ΔRa = 0.297± 0.015 μm), 3D printed (ΔRa = 0.191 ± 0.019 μm), and milled (ΔRa = 0.168 ± 0.014 μm). Statistically significant (p-value < 0.05) differences were observed among all techniques and solutions. CONCLUSIONS The change in color and surface roughness were maximum in the case of FDPs prepared using autopolymerizing resins, followed by 3D printed, and CAD/CAM milled reins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed E Sayed
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saurabh Jain
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossam F Jokhadar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahid Amer Alshahrani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Saleh AlResayes
- Department of Dental Technology, Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed M Alqahtani
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem Alqarni
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najwa Ali Anab
- Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf H Alsubeaie
- Resident Services in OMFS, Mohmmad Bin Nasser Hospital (MOH), Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Rocco Franco
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Giuseppe Minervini
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Traditional Medicine Research Institute, National Center for Research, Khartoum, Sudan
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Alzahrani AH, Aldosari LIN, Alshadidi AAF, Al Moaleem MM, Dhamiri RA, Aldossary MB, Hazazi YY, Awaji FA, Ageeli AM. Influence of Surface Type with Coffee Immersion on Surface Topography and Optical and Mechanical Properties of Selected Ceramic Materials. Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e938354. [PMID: 36320129 PMCID: PMC9639350 DOI: 10.12659/msm.938354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess and compare the effect of surface type (glazed or polished) with coffee immersion and aging on surface topography (Ra), optical properties (TP, OP), and mechanical properties (fracture forces and modes) of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (Vita Suprinity), hybrid polymer-infiltrated-feldspathic ceramic network material (Vita Enamic), and leucite-containing feldspathic glass (Vitablocs® Mark II) made by computer-aided design and computer-aided manufactured (CAD/CAM) ceramic materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty-four specimens were assembled out of the above 3 CAD/CAMs ceramic materials. Each group was divided into glazed or polished surfaces, having 9 specimens of every type and stained in coffee for 15 days. Ra and color of specimens in the form of TP and OP were recorded before and after immersion in staining material. Fracture forces and modes were analyzed after the 90-day aging. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, then post hoc analysis and Bonferroni tests. RESULTS Our study found significant differences in Ra, TP, and Op before and after coffee immersion between glazed and polished specimens, with higher values in the polished surfaces among the 3 ceramic materials. The highest values of fracture resistance were noted in Vita Suprinity, and Vita Enamic had the lowest values, without significant differences among groups. CONCLUSIONS Most of the TP and OP values were in acceptable clinical range, and Vita Suprinity had superior TP than the other groups. Reparable fracture types were observed in Vita Suprinity, whereas semi-reparable and non-reparable were predominant in other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mohammed M. Al Moaleem
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ibn al-Nafis for Medical Sciences, Sana’a, Yemen
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Moaleem MMA, Adawi HA, Alsharif KF, Alhazmi HA, Alshahrani FA, Hadi RMA, Kara R, Muyidi HM, Khalid A, Asiri AM, Huraysi AH, Khubrani JA, Bhandi S, Patil S. Impact of Smokeless Tobacco on the Color Stability of Zirconia, Zirconia-Reinforced Lithium Silicate and Feldspathic CAD/CAM Restorative Materials: An In-Vitro Study. Coatings 2022; 12:207. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
WHO estimates that the global number of tobacco users exceeds 1.3 billion people. Few studies have examined the effect of locally made smokeless tobacco (ST) products on the color changes of material used in dental prosthetics. Bearing the recent advances in CAD/CAM ceramic restorations material in mind, this study aimed to assess ST influence on mean color change (∆E*) values among selected CAD/CAM ceramic types: multilayer zirconia (Ceramill Zolid PS), zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic (Vita Suprinity), and feldspathic (Vita TriLuxe) restorative materials. The color changes of the ceramics were compared to VITA classical and VITA 3D-MASTER shade guides. Sixty CAD/CAM ceramic specimens (20 samples each) were fabricated from Ceramill Zolid PS, Vita TriLuxe Forte, and VITA Suprinity. Specimens were prepared and divided into two groups according to the ST type and immersed for two weeks. Basic VITA classical and VITA 3D-MASTER colors were recorded at a baseline of one week and two weeks. The highest ∆E* values were recorded in the black ST for Vita Suprinity (4.77) in the first week, followed by Vita TriLuxe (4.07) in the second week. For white ST, Vita TriLuxe (4.87), and Vita Suprinity (4.42) showed extensive color change after two weeks and one week, respectively. The color change was least in zirconia for black and white ST after one week. CAD/CAM ceramic materials showed no significant difference after 1 and 2 weeks for the tested ST types. The effects of ST on CAD/CAM ceramic material (∆E* values) were high but did not reach clinically unacceptable values. Zirconia showed the least amount of color change among all the tested materials.
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Adawi HA, Al Mialeem MM, Al Ahmari NM, Shariff M, Qahhar MA, Muharraq SMH, Alghazali NA. Assessment of Color Stainability of Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) Ceramic Materials After Hot and Cold Coffee Immersion at Different Time Intervals. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e932745. [PMID: 34601487 PMCID: PMC8496336 DOI: 10.12659/msm.932745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This spectrophotometric study assessed the color stability of CAD/CAM restorative materials with different exposed surfaces following staining by hot Arabic Qahwa and cold coffee. Material/Methods Ninety-six specimens were fabricated from 3 different CAD/CAM ceramic materials: Vita Suprinity (Vita-S), Vita Enamic (Vita-E), and Vitablocs Mark II (Vitablocs-MII). We divided 32 specimens for each group into glazed or polished surfaces, with 16 specimens in each group, then subdivided them according to staining materials: Arabic Qahwa and Frappuccino Cold Coffee. Color of specimens was measured during immersion in staining materials (BEFORE) as baseline with (Vita classic) and (L, a, b), for average color changes (ΔE00), then remeasured after 2, 4, and 12 weeks, and described as 1st, 2nd, and 3rd measurements for VITAPAN Classic shade and T1, T2, and T3 for ΔE00 values using the CIE L*a*b* equation. We performed ANOVA and then post hoc testing. Results We found significant differences in ΔE00 values during immersing in hot Arabic Qahwa and cold coffee for tested materials in glazed or polished specimens. Polished specimens of Vita-S and Vita-E had the highest color changing and staining compared to glazed surfaces. Vitablocs-MII had the best color stability through immersion periods. Moreover, there were changes in relation to VITAPAN Classic shade guide for both Vita-S and Vita-E specimens during different immersion periods. Conclusions Coffee caused staining and contamination of ceramic material. Values of ΔE00 for tested ceramic materials were significantly different but were within the clinically acceptable range. Polished specimens showed higher staining; therefore, we highly recommend re-glazing of ceramic restorations to maintain color stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz A Adawi
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Al Mialeem
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser M Al Ahmari
- Department of Prosthetic, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansoor Shariff
- Department of Prosthetic, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Qahhar
- General Practitioner, Altuwal General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nabiel A Alghazali
- School of Dental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Department of Prosthodontics, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic
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Aldosari LI, Alshadidi AA, Porwal A, Al Ahmari NM, Al Moaleem MM, Suhluli AM, Shariff M, Shami AO. Surface roughness and color measurements of glazed or polished hybrid, feldspathic, and Zirconia CAD/CAM restorative materials after hot and cold coffee immersion. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:422. [PMID: 34461868 PMCID: PMC8404315 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01770-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study evaluates and compares the effect of surface roughness (Ra) and color stability on computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) hybrid resin (Vita Enamic), feldspathic (Vitablocs® Mark II), and lithium disilicate Zirconia (Vita Suprinity) glazed or polished ceramics immersed in hot Arabic Qahwa and cold coffee. Methods A total of 96 standardized samples were prepared from CAD/CAM restorative materials. Half of the samples were polished as per the manufacturer’s instructions using a porcelain polishing kit, and the other half were glazed. Samples were distributed and immersed in hot Arabian Qahwa and cold coffee followed by thermocycling. Ra measurements and color changes were conducted before and after immersion. SEM images were captured from each type of glazed or polished ceramic. One-way ANOVA paired Student’s t-test, and Bonferroni test were conducted to detect significant difference between the groups. P > 0.05 was a significant level. Results Of all the tested samples, Ra increased without any significant difference; however, mean color changes (ΔE*) showed significant differences. An increase in Ra was noted for all the glazed and polished samples after immersion and thermocycling. However, differences were significant only in VM II. In addition, ΔE* was significant only in Vita Suprinity (VS) samples. For immersion groups, significant Ra changes were noticed in glazed samples, only in Vita Enamic (VE) with no ΔE*. In polished samples, mean Ra changes were observed in VM II and VS samples. Significant differences were also noticed in polished VE and VS subgroups of ΔE*. Conclusions Ra affects all the tested samples, providing higher values on the polished specimens. The ΔE* caused by hot Arabic Qahwa and cold coffee on glazed or polished CAD/CAM restorative materials were clinically acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujain I Aldosari
- Prosthetic Department, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Amit Porwal
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser M Al Ahmari
- Prosthetic Department, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Al Moaleem
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed M Suhluli
- Intern Department, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansoor Shariff
- Prosthetic Department, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed O Shami
- Intern Department, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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