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Tariq L, Arafah A, Sehar N, Ali A, Khan A, Rasool I, Rashid SM, Ahmad SB, Beigh S, Dar TUH, Rehman MU. Novel insights on perils and promises of miRNA in understanding colon cancer metastasis and progression. Med Oncol 2023; 40:282. [PMID: 37639075 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third highest frequent malignancy and ultimate critical source of cancer-associated mortality around the world. Regardless of latest advances in molecular and surgical targeted medicines that have increased remedial effects in CRC patients, the 5-year mortality rate for CRC patients remains dismally low. Evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) execute an essential part in the development and spread of CRC. The miRNAs are a type of short non-coding RNA that exhibited to control the appearance of tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes. miRNA expression profiling is already being utilized in clinical practice as analytical and prognostic biomarkers to evaluate cancer patients' tumor genesis, advancement, and counteraction to drugs. By modulating their target genes, dysregulated miRNAs are linked to malignant characteristics (e.g., improved proliferative and invasive capabilities, cell cycle aberration, evasion of apoptosis, and promotion of angiogenesis). This review presents an updated summary of circulatory miRNAs, tumor-suppressive and oncogenic miRNAs, and the potential reasons for dysregulated miRNAs in CRC. Further we will explore the critical role of miRNAs in CRC drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Tariq
- Department of Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, 183254, India
| | - Azher Arafah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouroz Sehar
- Centre for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Aarif Ali
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Alusteng, Shuhama, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Andleeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iyman Rasool
- Department of Pathology, Government Medical College (GMC-Srinagar), Karanagar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Shahzada Mudasir Rashid
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Alusteng, Shuhama, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Sheikh Bilal Ahmad
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Alusteng, Shuhama, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Saba Beigh
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Al Baha University, 65431, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanveer Ul Hassan Dar
- Department of Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, 183254, India
| | - Muneeb U Rehman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Chu X, Guan B, Dai L, Liu JX, Li F, Shang J. Network embedding framework for driver gene discovery by combining functional and structural information. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:426. [PMID: 37516822 PMCID: PMC10386255 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09515-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive analysis of multiple data sets can identify potential driver genes for various cancers. In recent years, driver gene discovery based on massive mutation data and gene interaction networks has attracted increasing attention, but there is still a need to explore combining functional and structural information of genes in protein interaction networks to identify driver genes. Therefore, we propose a network embedding framework combining functional and structural information to identify driver genes. Firstly, we combine the mutation data and gene interaction networks to construct mutation integration network using network propagation algorithm. Secondly, the struc2vec model is used for extracting gene features from the mutation integration network, which contains both gene's functional and structural information. Finally, machine learning algorithms are utilized to identify the driver genes. Compared with the previous four excellent methods, our method can find gene pairs that are distant from each other through structural similarities and has better performance in identifying driver genes for 12 cancers in the cancer genome atlas. At the same time, we also conduct a comparative analysis of three gene interaction networks, three gene standard sets, and five machine learning algorithms. Our framework provides a new perspective for feature selection to identify novel driver genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chu
- School of Computer Science, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, 27826, China
| | - Boxin Guan
- School of Computer Science, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, 27826, China
| | - Lingyun Dai
- School of Computer Science, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, 27826, China
| | - Jin-Xing Liu
- School of Computer Science, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, 27826, China
| | - Feng Li
- School of Computer Science, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, 27826, China.
| | - Junliang Shang
- School of Computer Science, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, 27826, China.
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Huang BS, Chen CT, Yeh CC, Fan TY, Chen FY, Liou JM, Shun CT, Wu MS, Chow LP. miR-21 Targets ASPP2 to Inhibit Apoptosis via CHOP-Mediated Signaling in Helicobacter pylori-Infected Gastric Cancer Cells. J Oncol 2023; 2023:6675265. [PMID: 37547633 PMCID: PMC10403333 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6675265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection affects cell survival pathways, including apoptosis and proliferation in host cells, and disruption of this balance is the key event in the development of H. pylori-induced gastric cancer (HPGC). H. pylori infection induces alterations in microRNAs expression that may be involved in GC development. Bioinformatic analysis showed that microRNA-21 (miR-21) is significantly upregulated in HPGC. Furthermore, quantitative proteomics and in silico prediction were employed to identify potential targets of miR-21. Following functional enrichment and clustered interaction network analyses, five candidates of miR-21 targets, PDCD4, ASPP2, DAXX, PIK3R1, and MAP3K1, were found across three functional clusters in association with cell death and survival, cellular movement, and cellular growth and proliferation. ASPP2 is inhibited by H. pylori-induced miR-21 overexpression. Moreover, ASPP2 levels are inversely correlated with miR-21 levels in HPGC tumor tissues. Thus, ASPP2 was identified as a miR-21 target in HPGC. Here, we observed that H. pylori-induced ASPP2 suppression enhances resistance to apoptosis in GC cells using apoptosis assays. Using protein interaction network and coimmunoprecipitation assay, we identified CHOP as a direct mediator of the ASPP2 proapoptotic activity in H. pylori-infected GC cells. Mechanistically, ASPP2 suppression promotes p300-mediated CHOP degradation, in turn inhibiting CHOP-mediated transcription of Noxa, Bak, and suppression of Bcl-2 to enact antiapoptosis in the GC cells after H. pylori infection. Clinicopathological analysis revealed correlations between decreased ASPP2 expression and higher HPGC risk and poor prognosis. In summary, the discovery of H. pylori-induced antiapoptosis via miR-21-mediated suppression of ASPP2/CHOP-mediated signaling provides a novel perspective for developing HPGC management and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Shih Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ta Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chi Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Fan
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yun Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ming Liou
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Tung Shun
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lu-Ping Chow
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Pimentel PAB, Giuliano A, Bęczkowski PM, Horta RDS. Molecular Profile of Canine Hemangiosarcoma and Potential Novel Therapeutic Targets. Vet Sci 2023; 10:387. [PMID: 37368773 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10060387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a relatively common neoplasia, occurring mainly in the skin, spleen, liver and right atrium. Despite the numerous studies investigating the treatment of canine HSA, no significant improvement in survival has been achieved in the last 20 years. Advancements in genetic and molecular profiling presented molecular similarities between canine HSA and human angiosarcoma. It could therefore serve as a valuable model for investigating new and more effective treatments in people and dogs. The most common genetic abnormalities in canine HSA have been found in the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) and neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog (NRAS) pathways. Mutations are also found in tumor protein p53 (TP53), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A). Known abnormal protein expression could be exploited to trial new target treatments that could be beneficial for both canine and human patients. Despite the high expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor (VEGFR), no correlation with overall survival time has ever been found. In this review, we explore the most recent developments in molecular profiling in canine HSA and discuss their possible applications in the prognosis and treatment of this fatal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Giuliano
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Veterinary Medical Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paweł Marek Bęczkowski
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rodrigo Dos Santos Horta
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
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Huang J, Hao J, Nie J, Qian R, Li H, Zhao J, Wang Y. Possible Mechanism of Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants Seed Extract Suppresses the Migration and Invasion of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells SMMC-7721. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200768. [PMID: 36694378 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mexican tea (Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants) is rich in phenolic acids and flavonoids and could be a potential medicinal herb that can be used for prevention of human hepatocellular carcinoma. The objective of this study was to elaborate the possible mechanism for the prevention or treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma using Mexican tea, and to provide new avenues for the utilization of the invasive plant. In this study, the D. ambrosioides seed extracts (CSE) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the effects of CSE on proliferation, migration, invasion, and gene expression of SMMC-7721 cells were investigated. Eight compounds were identified in CSE, and the compound with the highest content was ascaridole (25.82 %). The proliferation was significantly inhibited by CSE (p<0.05), and IC50 values were 0.587 g/L, 0.360 g/L, and 0.361 g/L at 24 h, 36 h, and 48 h, respectively. Migration and invasion were significantly inhibited (p<0.05). The network pharmacology and transcriptome analysis indicated that 2-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-3-one, cis-11-eicosenoic acid and 2-ethylcyclohexanone might be the active compounds. Transcriptome analysis indicated that the Wnt signaling pathway, which is related to migration and invasion, was significantly altered; this was verified by western blot assay. The expression of wnt11, lef1 and mmp7 genes in SMMC-7721 cells was significantly down-regulated (p<0.05), while gsk-3β was significantly up-regulated (p<0.05). These results indicate that CSE inhibits the invasion and migration of SMMC-7721 cells in hepatocellular carcinoma through the Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610101, China
| | - Junmei Hao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610101, China
| | - Jintao Nie
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610101, China
| | - Ruihua Qian
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610101, China
| | - Haiying Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610101, China
| | - Jiayuan Zhao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610101, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610101, China
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Xiao H, Wang G, Zhao M, Shuai W, Ouyang L, Sun Q. Ras superfamily GTPase activating proteins in cancer: Potential therapeutic targets? Eur J Med Chem 2023; 248:115104. [PMID: 36641861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
To search more therapeutic strategies for Ras-mutant tumors, regulators of the Ras superfamily involved in the GTP/GDP (guanosine triphosphate/guanosine diphosphate) cycle have been well concerned for their anti-tumor potentials. GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) provide the catalytic group necessary for the hydrolysis of GTPs, which accelerate the switch by cycling between GTP-bound active and GDP-bound inactive forms. Inactivated GAPs lose their function in activating GTPase, leading to the continuous activation of downstream signaling pathways, uncontrolled cell proliferation, and eventually carcinogenesis. A growing number of evidence has shown the close link between GAPs and human tumors, and as a result, GAPs are believed as potential anti-tumor targets. The present review mainly summarizes the critically important role of GAPs in human tumors by introducing the classification, function and regulatory mechanism. Moreover, we comprehensively describe the relationship between dysregulated GAPs and the certain type of tumor. Finally, the current status, research progress, and clinical value of GAPs as therapeutic targets are also discussed, as well as the challenges and future direction in the cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Min Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wen Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Akhtarkhavari T, Bahrami AR, M Matin M. Downregulation of miR-21 as a promising strategy to overcome drug resistance in cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 932:175233. [PMID: 36038011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite tremendous achievements in the field of targeted cancer therapy, chemotherapy is still the main treatment option, which is challenged by acquired drug resistance. Various microRNAs are involved in developing drug-resistant cells. miR-21 is one of the first identified miRNAs involved in this process. Here, we conducted a literature review to categorize different mechanisms employed by miR-21 to drive drug resistance. miR-21 targets various genes involved in many pathways that can justify chemoresistance. It alters cancer cell metabolism and facilitates adaptation to the new environment. It also enhances drug detoxification in cancerous cells and increases genomic instability. We also summarized various strategies applied for the inhibition of miR-21 in order to reverse cancer drug resistance. These strategies include the delivery of antagomiRs, miRZip knockdown vectors, inhibitory small molecules, CRISPR-Cas9 technology, catalytic nucleic acids, artificial DNA and RNA sponges, and nanostructures like mesoporous silica nanoparticles, dendrimers, and exosomes. Furthermore, current challenges and limitations in targeting miR-21 are discussed in this article. Although huge progress has been made in the downregulation of miR-21 in drug-resistant cancer cells, there are still many challenges to be resolved. More research is still required to find the best strategy and timeline for the downregulation of miR-21 and also the most feasible approach for the delivery of this system into the tumor cells. In conclusion, downregulation of miR-21 would be a promising strategy to reverse chemoresistance, but still, more studies are required to clarify the aforementioned issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Akhtarkhavari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Bahrami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Industrial Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam M Matin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran.
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Gebrie A. Disease progression role as well as the diagnostic and prognostic value of microRNA-21 in patients with cervical cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268480. [PMID: 35895593 PMCID: PMC9328569 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cervical cancer is the fourth commonest and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in females globally. The upregulated expression of microRNA-21 in cervical cancer has been investigated in numerous studies, yet given the inconsistency on some of the findings, a systematic review and meta-analysis is needed. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to investigate the role in disease progression as well as the diagnostic and prognostic value of microRNA-21 in patients with cervical cancer. Methods Literature search was carried out through visiting several electronic databases including PubMed/MEDLINE/ PubMed Central, Web of Science, Embase, WorldCat, DOAJ, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. After extraction, data analysis was carried out using Rev-Man 5.3, STATA 15.0 and Meta-disk 1.4. I2 and meta-bias statistics assessed heterogeneity and publication bias of the included studies, respectively. The area under summary receiver operating characteristic curve and other diagnostic indexes were used to estimate diagnostic accuracy. Result A total of 53 studies were included for this systematic review and meta-analysis. This study summarized that microRNA-21 targets the expression of numerous genes that regulate their subsequent downstream signaling pathways which promote cervical carcinogenesis. The targets addressed in this study included TNF-α, CCL20, PTEN RasA1, TIMP3, PDCD-4, TPM-1, FASL, BTG-2, GAS-5, and VHL. In addition, the meta-analysis of reports from 6 eligible studies has demonstrated that the overall area under the curve (AUC) of summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) of microRNA-21 as a diagnostic accuracy index for cervical cancer was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.75, 0.86). In addition, evidence from studies revealed that upregulated microRNA-21 led to worsening progression and poor prognosis in cervical cancer patients. Conclusion microRNA-21 is an oncogenic microRNA molecule playing a key role in the development and progression of cervical malignancy. It has good diagnostic accuracy in the diagnosis of cervical cancer. In addition, the upregulation of microRNA-21 could predict a worse outcome in terms of prognosis in cervical cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alemu Gebrie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
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Eshkoor SA, Ghodsian N, Akhtari-Zavare M. MicroRNAs influence and longevity. Egypt J Med Hum Genet 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00316-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
MiRNAs play critical roles in the regulation of cellular function, life span, and the aging process. They can affect longevity positively and negatively through different aging pathways.
Main text
MiRNAs are a group of short non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expressions at post-transcriptional levels. The different types of alterations in miRNAs biogenesis, mRNA expressions, and activities of miRNA-protein complexes can affect the regulation of normal post-transcriptional gene process, which may lead to aging, age-related diseases, and an earlier death. It seems that the influence of deregulation of miRNAs on senescence and age-related diseases occurring by targeting aging molecular pathways can be used for diagnosis and prognosis of them. Therefore, the expression and function of miRNAs should be studied more accurately with new applicable and validated experimental tools. However, the current review wishes to highlight simply a connection among miRNAs, senescence and some age-related diseases.
Conclusion
Despite several research indicating the key roles of miRNAs in aging and longevity, further investigations are still needed to elucidate the essential roles of miRNAs in controlling mRNA regulation, cell proliferation, death and/or protection during stress and health problems. Besides, more research on miRNAs will help to identify new targets for alternative strategies regarding effectively screen, treat, and prevent diseases as well as make slow the aging process.
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Liang X, Hu M, Yuan W, Liu Y, Li J, Bai C, Yuan Z. MicroRNA-4487 regulates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis by targeting RAS p21 protein activator 1. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 234:153903. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Li F, Chu X, Dai L, Wang J, Liu J, Shang J. Effects of Multi-Omics Characteristics on Identification of Driver Genes Using Machine Learning Algorithms. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:716. [PMID: 35627101 PMCID: PMC9141966 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease caused by genomic and epigenetic alterations; hence, identifying meaningful cancer drivers is an important and challenging task. Most studies have detected cancer drivers with mutated traits, while few studies consider multiple omics characteristics as important factors. In this study, we present a framework to analyze the effects of multi-omics characteristics on the identification of driver genes. We utilize four machine learning algorithms within this framework to detect cancer driver genes in pan-cancer data, including 75 characteristics among 19,636 genes. The 75 features are divided into four types and analyzed using Kullback–Leibler divergence based on CGC genes and non-CGC genes. We detect cancer driver genes in two different ways. One is to detect driver genes from a single feature type, while the other is from the top N features. The first analysis denotes that the mutational features are the best characteristics. The second analysis reveals that the top 45 features are the most effective feature combinations and superior to the mutational features. The top 45 features not only contain mutational features but also three other types of features. Therefore, our study extends the detection of cancer driver genes and provides a more comprehensive understanding of cancer mechanisms.
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Wei L, Gu W, Hu L, Wang K, Huang H, Shen Y. Regulation of lncRNA ZNF667-AS1 in proliferation and invasion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells via mediating ceRNA network. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2022; 32:57-68. [DOI: 10.1615/critreveukaryotgeneexpr.2022042267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Shui B, La Rocca G, Ventura A, Haigis KM. Interplay between K-RAS and miRNAs. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:384-396. [PMID: 35093302 PMCID: PMC9035052 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
K-RAS is frequently mutated in cancers, and its overactivation can lead to oncogene-induced senescence (OIS), a barrier to cellular transformation. Feedback onto K-RAS limits its signaling to avoid senescence while achieving the appropriate level of activation that promotes proliferation and survival. Such regulation could be mediated by miRNAs, as aberrant RAS signaling and miRNA activity coexist in several cancers, with miRNAs acting both up- and downstream of K-RAS. Several miRNAs both regulate and are regulated by K-RAS, suggesting a noncoding RNA-based feedback mechanism. Functional interactions between K-RAS and the miRNA machinery have also begun to unfold. This review comprehensively surveys the state of knowledge connecting K-RAS to miRNA function and proposes a model for the regulation of K-RAS signaling by noncoding RNAs.
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Li LZ, Wu ZZ, Lv Z. The Clinical Significance of miR-21 in Guiding Chemotherapy for Patients with Osteosarcoma. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2021; 14:1247-1261. [PMID: 34616172 PMCID: PMC8488037 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s321637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study aims to explore the correlation between osteosarcoma (OS) chemosensitivity and the expression levels of serum and tumor tissue micro-ribonucleic acid-21 (miR-21). Methods The relevant miR-21 expression levels in 30 patients with OS were detected, and the gender, age, tumor location, pathological type, Enneking stage, and miR-21 expression changes before and after chemotherapy were retrospectively analyzed. Results Serum and tumor tissue miR21 expression levels were significantly higher in patients with OS than in control subjects; the serum miR-21 expressions before and after chemotherapy were not related to patient age and gender. The effective chemotherapy group showed significant differences in miR-21 expression levels before and after chemotherapy. Conclusion Serum and tumor tissue miR-21 expression levels in patients with OS are closely related to the effects of chemotherapy, making miR-21 a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for the diagnosis and evaluation of chemotherapy effects on patients with OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Zhi Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang-Zhuang Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Lv
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China
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15
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Singh A, Singh AK, Giri R, Kumar D, Sharma R, Valis M, Kuca K, Garg N. The role of microRNA-21 in the onset and progression of cancer. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:1885-906. [PMID: 34590501 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small noncoding RNA, posttranscriptionally regulate the expression of genes. Aberrant expression of miRNA is reported in various types of cancer. Since the first report of oncomiR-21 involvement in the glioma, its upregulation was reported in multiple cancers and was allied with high oncogenic property. In addition to the downregulation of tumor suppressor genes, the miR-21 is also associated with cancer resistance to various chemotherapy. The recent research is appraising miR-21 as a promising cancer target and biomarker for early cancer detection. In this review, we briefly explain the biogenesis and regulation of miR-21 in cancer cells. Additionally, the review features the assorted genes/pathways regulated by the miR-21 in various cancer and cancer stem cells.
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16
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Dong K, Hou Y, Zhang N, Duan B, Ma A, Zhang Z. Down-regulated placental miR-21 contributes to preeclampsia through targeting RASA1. Hypertens Pregnancy 2021; 40:236-245. [PMID: 34464226 DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2021.1974031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Human placenta was obtained from early onset preeclampsia, late onset preeclampsia, and their gestational age-matched normal pregnancy. Using RT-qPCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry, it was demonstrated that miR-21 expressions were significantly decreased in preeclampsia while RASA1 were increased. Suppression of miR-21 in placental HTR-8/SVneo cells, remarkably upregulated RASA1, decreased proliferation, inhibited invasion, and promoted apoptosis of trophoblast cells, while overexpression of miR-21 alleviated these effects. Dual-luciferase reporter assays revealed RASA1 to be a direct target of miR-21 in trophoblast cells. miR-21 may serve key roles in the development of preeclampsia by targeting RASA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Dong
- Department of Obstetrics, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Hou
- Department of Outpatient, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Bide Duan
- Department of Obstetrics, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Airong Ma
- Department of Obstetrics, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Obstetrics, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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17
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Ji N, Wang Y, Gong X, Ni S, Zhang H. CircMTO1 inhibits ox-LDL-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration via regulating the miR-182-5p/RASA1 axis. Mol Med 2021; 27:73. [PMID: 34238206 PMCID: PMC8268171 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play critical roles in the development of atherosclerosis (AS). This study investigated the role of circMTO1 in the progression of AS. Methods Serum samples from AS patients and healthy volunteers and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were used as the study materials. The expressions of circMTO1 and miR-182-5p were measured by RT-qPCR. The effects of circMTO1, miR-182-5p, and RASA1 on VSMC proliferation and apoptosis were examined by MTT and BrdU assays and wound healing and flow cytometric analyses, respectively. Downstream target genes of circMTO1 and miR-182-5p were predicted using target gene prediction and screening and confirmed using a luciferase reporter assay. RASA1 expression was detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Results circMTO1 expression was decreased, while miR-182-5p expression was increased in human AS sera and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-stimulated VSMCs. CircMTO1 overexpression inhibited the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of ox-LDL-stimulated VSMCs. CircMTO1 was found to be served as a sponge of miR-182-5p and RASA1 as a target of miR-182-5p. Moreover, circMTO1 acted as a ceRNA of miR-182-5p to enhance RASA1 expression. Furthermore, miR-182-5p overexpression and RASA1 knockdown reversed the effects of circMTO1 overexpression on the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of ox-LDL-stimulated VSMCs. Conclusion CircMTO1 inhibited the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of ox-LDL-stimulated VSMCs by regulating miR-182-5p/RASA1 axis. These results suggest that circMTO1 has potential in AS treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10020-021-00330-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Yiwu Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.699, Jiangdong Road, Yiwu City, 322000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Yiwu Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.699, Jiangdong Road, Yiwu City, 322000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyan Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Yiwu Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.699, Jiangdong Road, Yiwu City, 322000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shimao Ni
- Department of Cardiology, Yiwu Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.699, Jiangdong Road, Yiwu City, 322000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Yiwu Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.699, Jiangdong Road, Yiwu City, 322000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Abstract
The increasing incidence of various cancers indicates the urgent need for finding accurate early diagnostic markers and more effective treatments for these malignancies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs with great potentials to enter into cancer clinics as both diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. miR-21 is elevated in many cancers, and promotes cell proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance. In recent years, many studies have shown that targeting miR-21 combined with conventional chemotherapeutic agents could enhance their therapeutic efficacy, and overcome drug resistance and cancer recurrence both in vitro and in animal models. In this review, we first summarize the effects and importance of miR-21 in various cancers, and explore its function in drug resistance of cancer cells. Next, the challenges and prospects for clinical translation of anti-miR-21, as a therapeutic agent, will be discussed in combination cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Arghiani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam M Matin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.,Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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19
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Zhu X, Luo X, Song Z, Jiang S, Long X, Gao X, Xie X, Zheng L, Wang H. miR-188-5p promotes oxaliplatin resistance by targeting RASA1 in colon cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:481. [PMID: 33968197 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of chemotherapy for colon cancer is limited due to the development of chemoresistance. MicroRNA (miR)-188-5p is downregulated in various types of cancer. The aim of the present study was to explore the molecular role of miR-188 in oxaliplatin (OXA) resistance. An OXA-resistant colon cancer cell line, SW480/OXA, was used to examine the effects of miR-188-5p on the sensitivity of colon cancer cells to OXA. The target of miR-188-5p was identified using a luciferase assay. Cell cycle distribution was also assessed using flow cytometry. The measurement of p21 protein expression, Hoechst 33342 staining and Annexin V/propidium iodide staining was used to evaluate apoptosis. The expression of miR-188-5p significantly increased in SW480/OXA compared with wild-type SW480 cells. The luciferase assay demonstrated that miR-188-5p inhibited Ras GTPase-activating protein 1 (RASA1; also known as p120/RasGAP) luciferase activity by binding to the 3'-untranslated region of RASA1 mRNA, suggesting that miR-188-5p could target RASA1. In addition, miR-188-5p downregulation or RASA1 overexpression promoted the chemosensitivity of SW480/OXA, as evidenced by increased apoptosis and G1/S cell cycle arrest. Moreover, RASA1 silencing abrogated the increase in cell apoptosis induced by the miR-188-5p inhibitor. The findings of the present study suggested that miR-188-5p could enhance colon cancer cell chemosensitivity by promoting the expression of RASA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijia Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 541199, P.R. China
| | - Xishun Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 541199, P.R. China
| | - Zhike Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 541199, P.R. China
| | - Shiyu Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 541199, P.R. China
| | - Xiangkai Long
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 541199, P.R. China
| | - Xueyuan Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 541004, P.R. China
| | - Xinyang Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 541004, P.R. China
| | - Laijian Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 541004, P.R. China
| | - Haipeng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 541199, P.R. China
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20
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An CX, Xie SP, Li HL, Hu YH, Niu R, Zhang LJ, Jiang Y, Li Q, Zhou YN. Knockdown of Microtubule Associated Serine/threonine Kinase Like Expression Inhibits Gastric Cancer Cell Growth and Induces Apoptosis by Activation of ERK1/2 and Inactivation of NF-κB Signaling. Curr Med Sci 2021; 41:108-117. [PMID: 33582914 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-021-2325-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase (MASTL) functions to regulate chromosome condensation and mitotic progression. Therefore, aberrant MASTL expression is commonly implicated in various human cancers. This study analyzed MASTL expression in gastric cancer vs. adjacent normal tissue for elucidating the association with clinicopathological data from patients. This work was then extended to investigate the effects of MASTL knockdown on tumor cells in vitro. The level of MASTL expression in gastric cancer tissue was assessed from the UALCAN, GEPIA, and Oncomine online databases. Lentivirus carrying MASTL or negative control shRNA was infected into gastric cancer cells. RT-qPCR, Western blotting, cell viability, cell counting, flow cytometric apoptosis and cell cycle, and colony formation assays were performed. MASTL was upregulated in gastric cancer tissue compared to the adjacent normal tissue, and the MASTL expression was associated with advanced tumor stage, Helicobacter pylori infection and histological subtypes. On the other hand, knockdown of MASTL expression significantly reduced tumor cell viability and proliferation, and arrested cell cycle at G2/M stage but promoted tumor cells to undergo apoptosis. At protein level, knockdown of MASTL expression enhanced levels of cleaved PARP1, cleaved caspase-3, Bax and p-ERK1/2 expression, but downregulated expression levels of BCL-2 and p-NF-κB-p65 protein in AGS and MGC-803 cells. MASTL overexpression in gastric cancer tissue may be associated with gastric cancer development and progression, whereas knockdown of MASTL expression reduces tumor cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. Further study will evaluate MASTL as a potential target of gastric cancer therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Xia An
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shou-Pin Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Lanzhou City, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Hai-Long Li
- Department of Internal Mddicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yong-Hua Hu
- Department of Internal Mddicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Rong Niu
- Department of External Chest, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Lin-Jie Zhang
- Division of Pediatric Emergency, Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Division of Pediatric Emergency, Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yong-Ning Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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21
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Bellazzo A, Collavin L. Cutting the Brakes on Ras-Cytoplasmic GAPs as Targets of Inactivation in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12103066. [PMID: 33096593 PMCID: PMC7588890 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12103066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary GTPase-Activating Proteins (RasGAPs) are a group of structurally related proteins with a fundamental role in controlling the activity of Ras in normal and cancer cells. In particular, loss of function of RasGAPs may contribute to aberrant Ras activation in cancer. Here we review the multiple molecular mechanisms and factors that are involved in downregulating RasGAPs expression and functions in cancer. Additionally, we discuss how extracellular stimuli from the tumor microenvironment can control RasGAPs expression and activity in cancer cells and stromal cells, indirectly affecting Ras activation, with implications for cancer development and progression. Abstract The Ras pathway is frequently deregulated in cancer, actively contributing to tumor development and progression. Oncogenic activation of the Ras pathway is commonly due to point mutation of one of the three Ras genes, which occurs in almost one third of human cancers. In the absence of Ras mutation, the pathway is frequently activated by alternative means, including the loss of function of Ras inhibitors. Among Ras inhibitors, the GTPase-Activating Proteins (RasGAPs) are major players, given their ability to modulate multiple cancer-related pathways. In fact, most RasGAPs also have a multi-domain structure that allows them to act as scaffold or adaptor proteins, affecting additional oncogenic cascades. In cancer cells, various mechanisms can cause the loss of function of Ras inhibitors; here, we review the available evidence of RasGAP inactivation in cancer, with a specific focus on the mechanisms. We also consider extracellular inputs that can affect RasGAP levels and functions, implicating that specific conditions in the tumor microenvironment can foster or counteract Ras signaling through negative or positive modulation of RasGAPs. A better understanding of these conditions might have relevant clinical repercussions, since treatments to restore or enhance the function of RasGAPs in cancer would help circumvent the intrinsic difficulty of directly targeting the Ras protein.
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22
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Wang Q, Su B, Xu H, Sun Y, Sun P, Li R, Peng X, Cai J. Role of RASA1 in cancer: A review and update (Review). Oncol Rep 2020; 44:2386-2396. [PMID: 33125148 PMCID: PMC7610306 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras p21 protein activator 1 (RASA1) is a regulator of Ras GDP and GTP and is involved in numerous physiological processes such as angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. As a result, RASA1 also contributes to pathological processes in vascular diseases and tumour formation. This review focuses on the role of RASA1 in multiple tumours types in the lung, intestines, liver, and breast. Furthermore, we discuss the potential mechanisms of RASA1 and its downstream effects through Ras/RAF/MEK/ERK or Ras/PI3K/AKT signalling. Moreover, miRNAs are capable of regulating RASA1 and could be a novel targeted treatment strategy for tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Quanyue Wang
- Qinghai Institute of Health Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810000, P.R. China
| | - Bo Su
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Pei Sun
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Rumeng Li
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochun Peng
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
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23
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Song Y, Jiang K, Wang BM, Liu WT, Lin R. miR‑31 promotes tumorigenesis in ulcerative colitis‑associated neoplasia via downregulation of SATB2. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:4801-4809. [PMID: 33173968 PMCID: PMC7646903 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) features chronic, non-infectious inflammation of the colon. The risk of ulcerative colitis‑associated neoplasia (UCAN) increases in direct association with the duration of this disease. Whether miRNAs exert a regulatory effect on the pathogenesis of UCAN has remained to be elucidated. In the present study, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) were identified using bioinformatics analysis of Gene Expression Omnibus datasets. Enrichment analyses were performed to determine the function of the DEGs. The target genes of key miRNAs were predicted using miRWalk. Validation of DEGs and miRNAs in patients with UC, UC with low‑grade dysplasia and UC with high‑grade dysplasia (UC‑HGD) was performed using reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR analysis. A total of 38 differentially expressed miRNAs and 307 mRNAs were identified from the profiles and miR‑31 was validated as being overexpressed in UCAN tissues, particularly in the UC‑HGD samples. Furthermore, special AT‑rich DNA‑binding protein 2 (SATB2) was validated as a target gene of miR‑31 and SATB2 expression was negatively correlated with miR‑31 expression. Therefore, miR‑31 is upregulated in UCAN and it may promote tumorigenesis through downregulation of SATB2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Song
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Kui Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Bang-Mao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Tian Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Rui Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
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24
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Bazaga A, Leggate D, Weisser H. Genome-wide investigation of gene-cancer associations for the prediction of novel therapeutic targets in oncology. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10787. [PMID: 32612205 PMCID: PMC7330039 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67846-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A major cause of failed drug discovery programs is suboptimal target selection, resulting in the development of drug candidates that are potent inhibitors, but ineffective at treating the disease. In the genomics era, the availability of large biomedical datasets with genome-wide readouts has the potential to transform target selection and validation. In this study we investigate how computational intelligence methods can be applied to predict novel therapeutic targets in oncology.
We compared different machine learning classifiers applied to the task of drug target classification for nine different human cancer types. For each cancer type, a set of “known” target genes was obtained and equally-sized sets of “non-targets” were sampled multiple times from the human protein-coding genes. Models were trained on mutation, gene expression (TCGA), and gene essentiality (DepMap) data. In addition, we generated a numerical embedding of the interaction network of protein-coding genes using deep network representation learning and included the results in the modeling. We assessed feature importance using a random forests classifier and performed feature selection based on measuring permutation importance against a null distribution. Our best models achieved good generalization performance based on the AUROC metric. With the best model for each cancer type, we ran predictions on more than 15,000 protein-coding genes to identify potential novel targets. Our results indicate that this approach may be useful to inform early stages of the drug discovery pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Bazaga
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,STORM Therapeutics Ltd, Cambridge, UK.
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25
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Chu NJ, Anders RA, Fertig EJ, Cao M, Hopkins AC, Keenan BP, Popovic A, Armstrong TD, Jaffee EM, Zimmerman JW. Inhibition of miR-21 Regulates Mutant KRAS Effector Pathways and Intercepts Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Development. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2020; 13:569-582. [PMID: 32409593 PMCID: PMC7372516 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-20-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Almost all pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDA) develop following KRAS activation, which triggers epithelial transformation and recruitment of desmoplastic stroma through additional transcriptional and epigenetic regulation, but only a few of these regulatory mechanisms have been described. We profiled dysregulated miRNAs starting with the earliest premalignant pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanIN) in genetically engineered mutated KRAS and P53 (KPC) mice programmed to recapitulate human PDA tumorigenesis. We identified miR-21 and miR-224 as cell-specific and compartment-specific regulators in PanINs and PDA. miR-21 is overexpressed in tumor epithelial cells of premalignant ducts, while miR-224 is overexpressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts in PDA stroma. Inhibition of miR-21 reverted protumorigenic functionalities to baseline levels. Overexpression of miR-224 induced activated phenotypes in normal fibroblasts. In vivo miR-21 inhibition improved survival in established PDA. Importantly, early systemic miR-21 inhibition completely intercepted premalignant progression. Finally, an evaluation of miR-21 expression in the PDA cohort of The Cancer Genome Atlas identified a correlation between tumor epithelial cell content and miR-21 expression in human tumors providing further rationale for conducting human studies. Thus, miR-21 may be useful for early PanIN detection, and for intercepting developing premalignant pancreatic lesions and other KRAS-driven premalignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina J Chu
- Department of Oncology, Skip Viragh Center for Pancreas Cancer, Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, and the Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert A Anders
- Department of Oncology, Skip Viragh Center for Pancreas Cancer, Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, and the Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elana J Fertig
- Department of Oncology, Skip Viragh Center for Pancreas Cancer, Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, and the Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Minwei Cao
- Department of Oncology, Skip Viragh Center for Pancreas Cancer, Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, and the Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alexander C Hopkins
- Department of Oncology, Skip Viragh Center for Pancreas Cancer, Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, and the Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bridget P Keenan
- Department of Oncology, Skip Viragh Center for Pancreas Cancer, Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, and the Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Aleksandra Popovic
- Department of Oncology, Skip Viragh Center for Pancreas Cancer, Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, and the Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Todd D Armstrong
- Department of Oncology, Skip Viragh Center for Pancreas Cancer, Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, and the Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth M Jaffee
- Department of Oncology, Skip Viragh Center for Pancreas Cancer, Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, and the Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jacquelyn W Zimmerman
- Department of Oncology, Skip Viragh Center for Pancreas Cancer, Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, and the Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Abstract
Over sixty percent of all mammalian protein-coding genes are estimated to be regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs), and unsurprisingly miRNA dysregulation has been linked with cancer. Aberrant miRNA expression in cancer cells has been linked with tumourigenesis and drug resistance. In the past decade, increasing number of studies have demonstrated that cholesterol accumulation fuels tumour growth and contributes to drug resistance, therefore, miRNAs controlling cholesterol metabolism and homeostasis are obvious hypothetical targets for investigating their role in cholesterol-mediated drug resistance in cancer. In this review, we have collated published evidences to consolidate this hypothesis and have scrutinized it by utilizing computational tools to explore the role of miRNAs in cholesterol-mediated drug resistance in breast cancer cells. We found that hsa-miR-128 and hsa-miR-223 regulate genes mediating lipid signalling and cholesterol metabolism, cancer drug resistance and breast cancer genes. The analysis demonstrates that targeting these miRNAs in cancer cells presents an opportunity for developing new strategies to combat anticancer drug resistance.
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Soleimani A, Rahmani F, Saeedi N, Ghaffarian R, Khazaei M, Ferns GA, Avan A, Hassanian SM. The potential role of regulatory microRNAs of RAS/MAPK signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:19245-19253. [PMID: 31512778 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Dysregulation of RAS/MAPK signaling axis is frequently found in CRC patients. The RAS/MAPK axis regulates cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, migration, and metastasis. Oncogenic or tumor-suppressor microRNAs (miRNAs) for RAS/MAPK signaling play a key role in the pathogenesis of CRC and are considered as novel potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of human malignancies. This review summarizes the current knowledge of mechanisms of action of RAS/MAPK miRNAs in the development and progression of CRC for a better understanding and hence a better management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atena Soleimani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzad Rahmani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nikoo Saeedi
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rana Ghaffarian
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, UK
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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28
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Jing L, Li H, Zhang T, Lu J, Zhong L. MicroRNA‑4530 suppresses cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by targeting RASA1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:3393-3402. [PMID: 30864691 PMCID: PMC6472120 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are a class of endogenous and non-coding RNAs that are present in eukaryotes. In previous studies, miRNAs have been revealed to have an important role in cell growth and apoptosis. In the present study, the function of a novel and rarely studied miRNA, miR-4530, was investigated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The expression level of miR-4530 in HUVECs was investigated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction following transfection with miR-4530 precursor plasmids, anti-miR-4530 plasmids and empty vector plasmids. Following this, it was revealed that overexpression of miR-4530 can suppress cell proliferation and enhance cell apoptosis. TargetScan analysis suggested that Ras p21 protein activator 1 (RASA1) is a target gene of miR-4530. The results of a dual-luciferase reporter assay also suggested that miR-4530 targets RASA1. Furthermore, the results of dual-luciferase reporter assay suggested that miR-4530 enhanced luciferase activity of the wild-type reporter, but not the mutant RASA1 reporter activity, thus suggesting that miR-4530 enhances the expression of RASA1. In addition, western blot analysis demonstrated that the protein expression level of RASA1 was enhanced following upregulation of miR-4530. The exact mechanism underlying this process has not yet been determined and requires further investigation. In addition, a RASA1 overexpression plasmid vector was transfected into HUVECs. The results suggest that overexpression of RASA1 suppresses cell growth and promotes apoptosis, which was in agreement with the results regarding the overexpression of miR-4530. To investigate how miRNA-4530 affects cellular function, numerous proteins associated with the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT serine/threonine kinase pathways were investigated via western blot analysis. The results suggested that miRNA-4530 suppresses cell proliferation and enhances apoptosis by targeting RASA1 via the ERK/MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jing
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Jianxin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Lianjin Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
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29
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Post JB, Hami N, Mertens AEE, Elfrink S, Bos JL, Snippert HJG. CRISPR-induced RASGAP deficiencies in colorectal cancer organoids reveal that only loss of NF1 promotes resistance to EGFR inhibition. Oncotarget 2019; 10:1440-1457. [PMID: 30858928 PMCID: PMC6402720 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-EGFR therapy is used to treat metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, for which initial response rates of 10-20% have been achieved. Although the presence of HER2 amplifications and oncogenic mutations in KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF are associated with EGFR-targeted therapy resistance, for a large population of CRC patients the underlying mechanism of RAS-MEK-ERK hyperactivation is not clear. Loss-of-function mutations in RASGAPs are often speculated in literature to promote CRC growth as being negative regulators of RAS, but direct experimental evidence is lacking. We generated a CRISPR-mediated knock out panel of all RASGAPs in patient-derived CRC organoids and found that only loss of NF1, but no other RASGAPs e.g. RASA1, results in enhanced RAS-ERK signal amplification and improved tolerance towards limited EGF stimulation. Our data suggests that NF1-deficient CRCs are likely not responsive to anti-EGFR monotherapy and can potentially function as a biomarker for CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin B Post
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Section Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Oncode Netherlands, Institute Netherlands, Office Jaarbeurs Innovation Mile, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nizar Hami
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Section Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Oncode Netherlands, Institute Netherlands, Office Jaarbeurs Innovation Mile, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander E E Mertens
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Section Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Oncode Netherlands, Institute Netherlands, Office Jaarbeurs Innovation Mile, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Suraya Elfrink
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Section Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Oncode Netherlands, Institute Netherlands, Office Jaarbeurs Innovation Mile, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes L Bos
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Section Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Oncode Netherlands, Institute Netherlands, Office Jaarbeurs Innovation Mile, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo J G Snippert
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Section Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Oncode Netherlands, Institute Netherlands, Office Jaarbeurs Innovation Mile, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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30
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Pockar S, Globocnik Petrovic M, Peterlin B, Vidovic Valentincic N. MiRNA as biomarker for uveitis - A systematic review of the literature. Gene 2019; 696:162-175. [PMID: 30763668 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM A systematic review of miRNA profiling studies in uveitis. METHODS Literature search strategy - Pubmed central central database, using miRNA/microRNA and intraocular inflammation/uveitis as keywords. RESULTS We found twenty publications regarding the experimental and clinical use of miRNA in uveitis, published between 2011 and 2018. CONCLUSION The publications regarding the role of miRNA in uveitis are very scarce, but provide some valuable information about the potential new mechanisms in uveitis. Some of the identified miRNAs in different uveitis entities could serve as a biomarker of intraocular inflammation. Possible candidate miRNAs could be let-7e, miRNA-1, miR-9-3, miR-20a-5p, miR-23a, mir-29a-3p, miR-140-5p, miR-143, miR-146a and miR-146a-5p, miR-155, miR-182 and miR-182-5p, miR-196a2, miR-205, miR-223-3p, miR-301a. MiR-146a, miR-146a-5p, miR-155, miR-182, miR-223-3p, have been found to be possibly associated with uveitis disease in both, human and animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasa Pockar
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Globocnik Petrovic
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Borut Peterlin
- Clinical Institute of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Natasa Vidovic Valentincic
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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31
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Wang Y, Zhou S, Fan K, Jiang C. MicroRNA-21 and its impact on signaling pathways in cervical cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:3066-3070. [PMID: 30867735 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic microRNA-21 (miR-21/miRNA-21) is a stable inhibitor of gene expression that is often upregulated in cervical cancer, a disease that affects the health of women and tends to transform and spread. Previous studies investigating miR-21 in biopsies and cells from cervical cancer patients have identified that miR-21 binds target mRNAs in signaling pathways or long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA). Furthermore, studies have elucidated the molecular mechanisms of two tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) signaling pathways that promote cell proliferation and inhibit cell apoptosis. miR-21 inhibits the TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) signaling pathway and activates the TNFR2 signaling pathway. Moreover, miR-21 enhances cervical cancer cell proliferation by influencing the protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin and RAS p21 protein activator 1 signaling pathways. The present review discusses the evidence that miR-21 may impact cervical cancer through inhibiting apoptosis and enhancing proliferation, and may therefore be a target for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250002, P.R. China
| | - Shiying Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250002, P.R. China
| | - Kefeng Fan
- Department of Obstetrics, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250002, P.R. China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Department of Gynecology, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250002, P.R. China
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32
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Suwakulsiri W, Rai A, Xu R, Chen M, Greening DW, Simpson RJ. Proteomic profiling reveals key cancer progression modulators in shed microvesicles released from isogenic human primary and metastatic colorectal cancer cell lines. Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom 2018; 1867:140171. [PMID: 30502510 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles comprise two main classes - exosomes and shed microvesicles (sMVs). Whilst much is known about exosome cargo content and functionality, sMVs are poorly understood. Here, we describe the large-scale purification of sMVs released from primary (SW480) and metastatic (SW620) human isogenic colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines using a combination of differential ultracentrifugation and isopycnic iodixanol density centrifugation. The yield of SW480-sMVs and SW620-sMVs was 0.75 mg and 0.80 mg, respectively. Both SW480-/SW620-sMVs are heterogeneous in size (100-600 nm diameter) and exhibit identical buoyant densities (1.10 g/mL). In contrast to exosomes, sMVs are ALIX-, TSG101-, CD63- and CD9-. Quantitative mass spectrometry identified 1295 and 1300 proteins in SW480-sMVs and SW620-sMVs, respectively. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis identified 'cell adhesion' (CDH1, OCLN, CTN families), 'signalling pathway' (KRAS, NRAS, MAPK1, MAP2K1), and 'translation/RNA related' processes (EIF, RPL, HNRNP families) in both sMV types. Strikingly, SW480- and SW620-sMVs exhibit distinct protein signatures - SW480-sMVs being enriched in ITGA/B, ANXA1, CLDN7, CD44 and EGFR/NOTCH signalling networks, while SW620-sMVs are enriched in PRKCA, MACC1, FGFR4 and MTOR/MARCKS signalling networks. Both SW480- and SW620-sMVs are taken up by NIH3T3 fibroblasts resulting in similar cell invasion capability. This study provides, for the first time, molecular insights into sMVs and CRC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wittaya Suwakulsiri
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Alin Rai
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Maoshan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - David W Greening
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Richard J Simpson
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia.
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33
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Chen H, Yang Y, Wang J, Shen D, Zhao J, Yu Q. miR-130b-5p promotes proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells via targeting RASAL1. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:6361-6367. [PMID: 29731849 PMCID: PMC5921226 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the targeted interaction between microRNA (miR)-130b-5p and RAS protein activator like 1 (RASAL1) gene and elucidate the function of miR-130b-5p in cell proliferation, migration and invasion in gastric cancer. Expression of miR-130b-5p and RASAL1 in seven gastric cell lines was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). MGC803 cells were selected for further study since they exhibited a marked increase in expression of miR-130b-5p accompanied by decreased expression of RASAL1. MGC803 cells were transfected with miR-130b-5p mimics and miR-130b-5p inhibitor using Lipofectamine 2000 for over- and underexpression, respectively, with cells transfected with negative control (NC) sequence as the control. In addition, a luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to evaluate the targeted interaction between miR-130b-5p and RASAL1. Then, alterations in RASAL1 expression were detected by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis following transfection with miR-130b-5p mimics and miR-130b-5p inhibitor. Cell proliferation, colony formation, and migration and invasion ability were detected by MTT, colony formation and Transwell assays, respectively. RASAL1 was demonstrated to be a target gene of miR-130b-5p by luciferase reporter gene assay. In addition, the expression of RASAL1 was significantly lower in MGC803 cells that were transfected with miR-130b-5p mimics and significantly higher in cells transfected with miR-130b-5p inhibitor in comparison with cells transfected with NC (P<0.05). Furthermore, the experimental group transfected with miR-130b-5p mimics manifested significantly higher cell proliferation, increased colony formation and increased migratory and invasive capacities (P<0.05). By contrast, cells transfected with miR-130b-5p inhibitor exhibited significantly lower cell proliferation, decreased colony formation and decreased migratory and invasive capacities, compared with cells transfected with NC (P<0.05). In conclusion, RASAL1 was demonstrated to be a target gene of miR-130b-5p. Overexpression of miR-130b-5p results in promoted proliferation, colony formation and migration and invasion abilities through targeted modulation of RASAL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Yiqiong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Duo Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Jiyi Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
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Shi L, Middleton J, Jeon YJ, Magee P, Veneziano D, Laganà A, Leong HS, Sahoo S, Fassan M, Booton R, Shah R, Crosbie PAJ, Garofalo M. KRAS induces lung tumorigenesis through microRNAs modulation. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:219. [PMID: 29440633 PMCID: PMC5833396 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0243-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic KRAS induces tumor onset and development by modulating gene expression via different molecular mechanisms. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that have been established as main players in tumorigenesis. By overexpressing wild type or mutant KRAS (KRASG12D) and using inducible human and mouse cell lines, we analyzed KRAS-regulated microRNAs in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We show that miR-30c and miR-21 are significantly upregulated by both KRAS isoforms and induce drug resistance and enhance cell migration/invasion via inhibiting crucial tumor suppressor genes, such as NF1, RASA1, BID, and RASSF8. MiR-30c and miR-21 levels were significantly elevated in tumors from patients that underwent surgical resection of early stages NSCLC compared to normal lung and in plasma from the same patients. Systemic delivery of LNA-anti-miR-21 in combination with cisplatin in vivo completely suppressed the development of lung tumors in a mouse model of lung cancer. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that ELK1 is responsible for miR-30c and miR-21 transcriptional activation by direct binding to the miRNA proximal promoter regions. In summary, our study defines that miR-30c and miR-21 may be valid biomarkers for early NSCLC detection and their silencing could be beneficial for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Transcriptional Networks in Lung Cancer Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, Manchester and University College London, London, UK
| | - Justin Middleton
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Young-Jun Jeon
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Peter Magee
- Transcriptional Networks in Lung Cancer Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Dario Veneziano
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Alessandro Laganà
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, 10029, USA
| | - Hui-Sun Leong
- RNA Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Sudhakar Sahoo
- RNA Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Richard Booton
- Manchester Thoracic Oncology Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester, Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, M23 9LT, UK
| | - Rajesh Shah
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of South Manchester, Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, M23 9LT, UK
| | - Philip A J Crosbie
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, Manchester and University College London, London, UK
- Manchester Thoracic Oncology Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester, Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, M23 9LT, UK
| | - Michela Garofalo
- Transcriptional Networks in Lung Cancer Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, Manchester and University College London, London, UK.
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35
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Li Y, Kikuchi M, Li X, Gao Q, Xiong Z, Ren Y, Zhao R, Mao B, Kondo M, Irie N, Wang W. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis reveals potential genes involved in early metamorphosis process in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:1395-1402. [PMID: 29180012 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Sea cucumbers, one main class of Echinoderms, have a very fast and drastic metamorphosis process during their development. However, the molecular basis under this process remains largely unknown. Here we systematically examined the gene expression profiles of Japanese common sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) for the first time by RNA sequencing across 16 developmental time points from fertilized egg to juvenile stage. Based on the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), we identified 21 modules. Among them, MEdarkmagenta was highly expressed and correlated with the early metamorphosis process from late auricularia to doliolaria larva. Furthermore, gene enrichment and differentially expressed gene analysis identified several genes in the module that may play key roles in the metamorphosis process. Our results not only provide a molecular basis for experimentally studying the development and morphological complexity of sea cucumber, but also lay a foundation for improving its emergence rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650203, China
| | - Mani Kikuchi
- Department of Cell Biological Science, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Xueyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Qionghua Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Zijun Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Yandong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650203, China
| | - Ruoping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Bingyu Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Mariko Kondo
- Misaki Marine Biological Station, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Kanagawa 238-0225, Japan
| | - Naoki Irie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
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Zhang L, Zhan X, Yan D, Wang Z. Circulating MicroRNA-21 Is Involved in Lymph Node Metastasis in Cervical Cancer by Targeting RASA1. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2016; 26:810-6. [PMID: 27101583 DOI: 10.1097/IGC.0000000000000694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to discover if increased circulating microRNA-21 (miR-21) expression in serum is associated with lymph node metastasis in patients with cervical cancer and look further into the molecular mechanism of these. Whole-blood samples from 89 patients who have been histopathologically confirmed as having cervical cancer and 20 control subjects were collected, and then the association between lymph node metastasis and the level of circulating miR-21 was compared. Then cervical cancer cell lines HeLa (HPV-18 DNA, E6/E7RNA) and HT-3 (HPV DNA, E6/E7RNA) were used to confirm the interaction between miR-21 and RASA1. The role of RASA1 in cervical cancer cell migration was also studied in HeLa. Increased circulating miR-21 expression in serum is associated with lymph node metastasis in patients with cervical cancer. MicroRNA-21 reduces RASA1 expression in cervical cancer cell lines and promotes cervical cancer cell migration via RASA1. Furthermore, Ras-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition contributes to miR-21/RASA1 axis promoting cervical cancer cell migration. Circulating miR-21 in serum could be a promising biomarker in auxiliary diagnosis of lymph node metastasis in cervical cancer, and inhibition of miR-21/RASA1 axis could be a possible strategy to restrain migration of cervical cancer.
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37
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Huang J, Peng X, Zhang K, Li C, Su B, Zhang Y, Yu W. Co-expression and significance of Dok2 and Ras p21 protein activator 1 in breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:5386-5392. [PMID: 29098030 PMCID: PMC5652255 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Docking protein 2 (Dok2) and Ras p21 protein activator 1 (RASA1) are tumor suppressors which have been identified in numerous solid tumors; however, the association between their expression in breast cancer and patient prognosis remains unclear. A total of 285 consecutive patients diagnosed histopathologically with breast cancer who underwent surgery at Jingzhou Central Hospital were selected for the present study. Dok2 and RASA1 protein were explored using histopathology and western blotting techniques, and the association of patient prognosis with clinicopathological parameters was investigated using univariate and multivariate analyses. Weak expression of Dok2/RASA1 was associated with poorly differentiated breast adenocarcinomas; negatively expressed Dok2 and RASA1 were associated with increased tumor size, a higher proportion of axillary lymph node metastasis and later clinical staging. Additionally, Dok2 and RASA1 expression were associated with disease-free survival of patients with breast cancer. As indicated by Cox's regression analysis, Dok2 and RASA1 expression and the high proportion of axillary lymph node metastasis served as significant independent predictors for the recurrence of breast cancer. The results of the present study suggested that combined Dok2 and RASA1 negative expression may serve as an independent prognostic factor for patients following breast cancer surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangrong Huang
- Department of Intergrative Medicine, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochun Peng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China.,Department of Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Bo Su
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Yanxiang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Wangui Yu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
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38
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Lin J, Chuang CC, Zuo L. Potential roles of microRNAs and ROS in colorectal cancer: diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Oncotarget 2017; 8:17328-17346. [PMID: 28061475 PMCID: PMC5370044 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide, colorectal adenocarcinoma often occurs sporadically in individuals aged 50 or above and there is an increase among younger patients under 50. Routine screenings are recommended for this age group to improve early detection. The multifactorial etiology of colorectal cancer consists of both genetic and epigenetic factors. Recently, studies have shown that the development and progression of colorectal cancer can be attributed to aberrant expression of microRNA. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) that play a key role in cancer cell survival, can also lead to carcinogenesis and cancer exacerbations. Given the rapid accumulating knowledge in the field, an updated review regarding microRNA and ROS in colorectal cancer is necessary. An extensive literature search has been conducted in PubMed/Medline databases to review the roles of microRNAs and ROS in colorectal cancer. Unique microRNA expression in tumor tissue, peripheral blood, and fecal samples from patients with colorectal cancer is outlined. Therapeutic approaches focusing on microRNA and ROS in colorectal cancer treatment is also delineated. This review aims to summarize the newest knowledge on the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer in the hopes of discovering novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmei Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chia-Chen Chuang
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.,Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Li Zuo
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.,Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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39
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Nedaeinia R, Avan A, Ahmadian M, Nia SN, Ranjbar M, Sharifi M, Goli M, Piroozmand A, Nourmohammadi E, Manian M, Ferns GA, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Salehi R. Current Status and Perspectives Regarding LNA-Anti-miR Oligonucleotides and microRNA miR-21 Inhibitors as a Potential Therapeutic Option in Treatment of Colorectal Cancer. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:4129-4140. [PMID: 28401648 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the leading causes of cancer-related death, principally due to its metastatic spread and multifactorial chemoresistance. The therapeutic failure can also be explained by inter- or intra-tumor genetic heterogeneity and tumor stromal content. Thus, the identification of novel prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic options are warranted in the management of CRC patients. There are data showing that microRNA-21 is elevated in different types of cancer, particularly colon adenocarcinoma and that this is association with a poor prognosis. This suggests that microRNA-21 may be of value as a potential therapeutic target. Furthermore, locked nucleic acid (LNA)-modified oligonucleotides have recently emerged as a therapeutic option for targeting dysregulated miRNAs in cancer therapy, through antisense-based gene silencing. Further work is required to identify innovative anticancer drugs that improve the current therapy either through novel combinatorial approaches or with better efficacy than conventional drugs. We aimed to provide an overview of the preclinical and clinical studies targeting key dysregulated signaling pathways in CRC as well as the therapeutic application of LNA-modified oligonucleotides, and miR inhibitors in the treatment of CRC patients. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4129-4140, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Nedaeinia
- Deputy of Food and Drug, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Department of medical biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ahmadian
- Department of Gastroentrology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sasan Nedaee Nia
- Department of Agricultural engineering and Weed science, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Ranjbar
- Deputy of Food and Drug, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Sharifi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Goli
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Piroozmand
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Kashan, Iran
| | - Esmail Nourmohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of medical biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mostafa Manian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9PH, Sussex, UK
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rasoul Salehi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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40
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Nedaeinia R, Sharifi M, Avan A, Kazemi M, Nabinejad A, Ferns GA, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Salehi R. Inhibition of microRNA-21 via locked nucleic acid-anti-miR suppressed metastatic features of colorectal cancer cells through modulation of programmed cell death 4. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317692261. [PMID: 28347230 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317692261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is among the most lethal of malignancies, due to its propensity to metastatic spread and multifactorial-chemoresistance. The latter property supports the need to identify novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of colorectal cancer. MicroRNAs are endogenous non-coding small RNA molecules that function as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Recently, programmed cell death 4 has been identified as a protein that increases during apoptosis. This gene is among the potential targets of miR-21 (OncomiR). Locked nucleic acid-modified oligonucleotides have recently emerged as a potential therapeutic option for targeting microRNAs. The aim of this study was to explore the functional role of locked nucleic acid-anti-miR-21 in the LS174T cell line in vitro and in vivo models. LS174T cells were treated with locked nucleic acid-anti-miR-21 for 24, 48, and 72 h in vitro. The expression of miR-21 and PDCD4 at messenger RNA (mRNA) level was evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, while the protein level of PDCD4 was determined by Western blotting. Cell migratory behavior and the cluster-forming ability of cells were assessed before and after therapy. The disseminated tumor cells were assessed in the chick chorioallantoic membrane model by Alu quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Locked nucleic acid-anti-miR-21 was transfected successfully into the LS174T cells and inhibited the expression of miR-21. Locked nucleic acid-anti-miR-21 inhibited the migration and the number of cells forming clusters. Moreover, we found that locked nucleic acid-anti-miR-21 transfection was associated with a significant reduction in metastatic properties as assessed by the in ovo model. Our findings demonstrated the novel therapeutic potential of locked nucleic acid-anti-miR-21 in colon adenocarcinoma with high miR-21 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Nedaeinia
- 1 Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,2 Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Sharifi
- 3 Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- 4 Molecular Medicine Group, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi
- 3 Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Nabinejad
- 5 Isfahan Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- 6 Division of Medical Education, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- 4 Molecular Medicine Group, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,7 Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rasoul Salehi
- 3 Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,8 Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,9 Gerfa Namayesh Azmayesh (GENAZMA) Science and Research Institute, Isfahan, Iran
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41
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Teteloshvili N, Smigielska-Czepiel K, Yuan Y, Seitz A, de Jong D, Rutgers B, Jellema P, van der Lei RJ, Slezak-Prochazka I, Brouwer E, Boots AMH, Kroesen BJ, van den Berg A, Kluiver J. Argonaute 2 immunoprecipitation revealed large tumor suppressor kinase 1 as a novel proapoptotic target of miR-21 in T cells. FEBS J 2017; 284:555-567. [PMID: 28075055 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miR)-21 is an important suppressor of T-cell apoptosis that is also overexpressed in many types of cancers. The exact mechanisms underlying the antiapoptotic effects of miR-21 are not well understood. In this study, we used the Jurkat T-cell line as a model to identify apoptosis-associated miR-21 target genes. We showed that expression of miR-21 rapidly increases upon αCD3/αCD28 activation of Jurkat cells. Inhibition of miR-21 reduced cell growth which could be explained by an increase in apoptosis. MicroRNA target gene identification by AGO2 RNA-immunoprecipitation followed by gene expression microarray (RIP-Chip) resulted in the identification of 72 predicted miR-21 target genes that were at least twofold enriched in the AGO2-IP fraction of miR-21 overexpressing cells. Of these, 71 were at least twofold more enriched in the AGO2-IP fraction of miR-21 overexpressing cells as compared to AGO2-IP fraction of control cells. The target gene for which the AGO2-IP enrichment was most prominently increased upon miR-21 overexpression was the proapoptotic protein LATS1. Luciferase reporter assays and western blot analysis confirmed targeting of LATS1 by miR-21. qRT-PCR analysis in primary T cells showed an inverse expression pattern between LATS1 transcript levels and miR-21 upon T-cell stimulation. Finally, LATS1 knockdown partially rescued the miR-21 inhibition-induced impaired cell growth. Collectively, these data identify LATS1 as a miR-21 target important for the antiapoptotic function of miR-21 in T cells and likely also in many types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nato Teteloshvili
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Research initiative on healthy Ageing and Immune Longevity (GRAIL), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Smigielska-Czepiel
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Research initiative on healthy Ageing and Immune Longevity (GRAIL), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ye Yuan
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Annika Seitz
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Debora de Jong
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bea Rutgers
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pytrick Jellema
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roelof Jan van der Lei
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Izabella Slezak-Prochazka
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Brouwer
- Groningen Research initiative on healthy Ageing and Immune Longevity (GRAIL), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke M H Boots
- Groningen Research initiative on healthy Ageing and Immune Longevity (GRAIL), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart-Jan Kroesen
- Groningen Research initiative on healthy Ageing and Immune Longevity (GRAIL), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anke van den Berg
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Research initiative on healthy Ageing and Immune Longevity (GRAIL), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Kluiver
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
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42
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Nedaeinia R, Manian M, Jazayeri MH, Ranjbar M, Salehi R, Sharifi M, Mohaghegh F, Goli M, Jahednia SH, Avan A, Ghayour-Mobarhan M. Circulating exosomes and exosomal microRNAs as biomarkers in gastrointestinal cancer. Cancer Gene Ther. 2017;24:48-56. [PMID: 27982021 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2016.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The most important biological function of exosomes is their possible use as biomarkers in clinical diagnosis. Compared with biomarkers identified in conventional specimens such as serum or urine, exosomal biomarkers provide the highest amount of sensitivity and specificity, which can be attributed to their excellent stability. Exosomes, which harbor different types of proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, are present in almost all bodily fluids. The molecular constituents of exosomes, especially exosomal proteins and microRNAs (miRNAs), are promising as biomarkers in clinical diagnosis. This discovery that exosomes also contain messenger RNAs and miRNAs shows that they could be carriers of genetic information. Although the majority of RNAs found in exosomes are degraded RNA fragments with a length of <200 nucleotides, some full-length RNAs might be present that may affect protein production in the recipient cell. In addition, exosomal miRNAs have been found to be associated with certain diseases. Several studies have pointed out miRNA contents of circulating exosomes that are similar to those of originating cancer cells. In this review, the recent advances in circulating exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers in gastrointestinal cancers are discussed. These studies indicated that miRNAs can be detected in exosomes isolated from body fluids such as saliva, which suggests potential advantages of using exosomal miRNAs as noninvasive novel biomarkers.
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43
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Longqiu Y, Pengcheng L, Xuejie F, Peng Z. A miRNAs panel promotes the proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer cells by targeting GABBR1. Cancer Med 2016; 5:2022-31. [PMID: 27230463 PMCID: PMC4884921 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in the regulation of colorectal cancer. Despite the expression of miR-17-92 cluster in cancer has been gradually revealed, the role of each individual miRNAs in colorectal cancer still remains unclear. We studied the impact of miR-106a/b, miR-20a/b, and miR-17 of miR-17-92 cluster on colorectal cancer cells. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) were used to test these five miRNAs expression in colorectal cancer cell line HCT116. 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays, Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), and Transwell invasion assays were used to explore the effects of these five miRNAs in colorectal cancer cells. Luciferase reporter assay, RT-PCR, and western blotting were performed to validate the interaction of these five miRNAs with the gamma-amino-butyric acid type B receptor 1(GABBR1). We found that these five miRNAs were significantly upregulated in colorectal cancer samples compared with normal tissues. Forced expression of these five miRNAs significantly promoted HCT116 and HT-29 cells proliferation and invasion. We further found that these five miRNAs function as oncogenes in colorectal cancer by specifically binding to the 3-untranslated regions (3'UTR) of GABBR1.Furthermore, inhibition of GABBR1 could mimic the function of miRNAs in HCT116 cells, while overexpression of GABBR1 blocked the function of miRNAs-promoted proliferation and invasion. In conclusion, miR-106a/b, miR-20a/b, and miR-17 contribute to the proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer by targeting their common target gene, GABBR1, and played a critical role in the proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Longqiu
- Department of AnesthesiologyHuangshi Central HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic UniversityEdong Healthcare GroupHuangshi435000China
| | - Luo Pengcheng
- Department of Urology SurgeryHuangshi Central HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic UniversityEdong Healthcare GroupHuangshi435000China
| | - Fei Xuejie
- Department of Intensive Care UnitShuguang Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai200021China
| | - Zhang Peng
- Department of OncologyThe Center Hospital of Zaozhuang Mining GroupZaozhuang277000China
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44
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Nedaeinia R, Sharifi M, Avan A, Kazemi M, Rafiee L, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Salehi R. Locked nucleic acid anti-miR-21 inhibits cell growth and invasive behaviors of a colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line: LNA-anti-miR as a novel approach. Cancer Gene Ther 2016; 23:246-53. [PMID: 27364574 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2016.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death and has an extremely poor prognosis. Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of many malignancies. Recent data suggest that microRNA-21 (miR-21) is significantly elevated in different types of cancer, especially colon adenocarcinoma. Against this background, locked nucleic acid (LNA)-modified oligonucleotides have recently been suggested as a novel approach for targeting miRNAs as antisense-based gene silencing. The aim of the current study was to explore the functional role of LNA-anti-miR-21 in a colon adenocarcinoma LS174T cell line. LS174T cells were transfected with LNA-anti-miR-21 for 24, 48 and 72 h. Quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to assess miR-21 expression by LNA-anti-miR-21. The viability of the cells was evaluated by MTT (3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay and Annexin V/propidium iodide staining assay was used to detect apoptosis. Moreover, invasive behavior of the cells was evaluated before and after therapy by transwell assay. LNA-anti-miR-21 was successfully transfected in human LS174T cells and suppressed the endogenous miR-21. LNA-anti-miR-21 inhibited the cells' growth followed by induction of apoptosis. LNA-anti-miR-21 (50 pmol/μl) reduced the invasive behaviors of LS174T cells after 24 h, compared with untreated cells and scrambled LNA-transfected cells. However, this effect was more pronounced after 72 h. Our findings suggest the therapeutic potential of LNA-anti-miR-21 in a colon adenocarcinoma for targeting miR-21 expression. Further studies are warranted to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying this novel inhibitor in colorectal cancer to establish its potential value for treatment of CRC patients with high miR-21 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nedaeinia
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - M Sharifi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - A Avan
- Molecular Medicine Group, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - M Kazemi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - L Rafiee
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Molecular Medicine Group, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - R Salehi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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45
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Li X, Zang A, Jia Y, Zhang J, Fan W, Feng J, Duan M, Zhang L, Huo R, Jiao J, Zhu X. Triptolide reduces proliferation and enhances apoptosis of human non-small cell lung cancer cells through PTEN by targeting miR-21. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2763-8. [PMID: 26847601 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide is used in traditional Chinese medicine. It has the advantages of a unique mechanism of action, a wide antitumor spectrum, multiple targets, multi-channel effects and low toxicity. The current study was conducted to evaluate whether the potential anticancer effects of triptolide reduces proliferation and enhances apoptosis of human non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, and to assess the underlying anticancer mechanisms. In PC‑9 cells, treatment with triptolide reduced cell proliferation and increased cell apoptosis and caspase‑3 and 9 activity. Triptolide treatment reduced miR‑21 expression and enhanced phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) protein expression levels in the PC‑9 cells. Furthermore, the upregulation of miR‑21 expression levels suppressed the effect of triptolide on cell viability and PTEN protein expression levels in PC‑9 cells. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to demonstrate that triptolide reduced the proliferation and enhanced the apoptosis of human NSCLC cells through PTEN by targeting miR-21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Aimin Zang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Youchao Jia
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Jinchao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P.R. China
| | - Wufang Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P.R. China
| | - Jia Feng
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Mindan Duan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Ran Huo
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Jin Jiao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
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Abstract
Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) represent a class of RNA molecules that typically do not code for proteins. Emerging data suggest that ncRNAs play an important role in several physiological and pathological conditions such as cancer. The best-characterized ncRNAs are the microRNAs (miRNAs), which are short, approximately 22-nucleotide sequences of RNA of approximately 22-nucleotide in length that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level, through transcript degradation or translational repression. MiRNAs can function as master gene regulators, impacting a variety of cellular pathways important to normal cellular functions as well as cancer development and progression. In addition to miRNAs, long ncRNAs, which are transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides, have recently emerged as novel drivers of tumorigenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms of their regulation and function, and the significance of other ncRNAs such as piwi-interacting RNAs in pancreas carcinogenesis are largely unknown. This review summarizes the growing body of evidence supporting the vital roles of ncRNAs in pancreatic cancer, focusing on their dysregulation through both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, and highlighting the promise of ncRNAs in diagnostic and therapeutic applications of pancreatic cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/therapy
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Prognosis
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- RNA, Untranslated/genetics
- RNA, Untranslated/metabolism
- RNA, Untranslated/therapeutic use
- Transcription, Genetic
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Kent OA, Mendell JT, Rottapel R. Transcriptional Regulation of miR-31 by Oncogenic KRAS Mediates Metastatic Phenotypes by Repressing RASA1. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 14:267-77. [PMID: 26747707 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-15-0456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Activating KRAS mutations are nearly ubiquitous in pancreatic cancer occurring in more than 95% of clinical cases. miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression by binding sequences within the 3'UTRs of target mRNAs. An integral role for miRNAs in cancer pathogenesis is well established; however, the role of miRNAs in KRAS-mediated tumorigenesis is poorly characterized. Here it is demonstrated that expression of miR-31 is coupled to the expression of oncogenic KRAS and activity of the MAPK pathway. miR-31 is highly expressed in patient-derived xenografts and a panel of pancreatic and colorectal cancer cells harboring activating KRAS mutations. The miR-31 host gene is a large noncoding RNA that correlates with miR-31 expression and enabled identification of the putative miR-31 promoter. Using luciferase reporters, a minimal RAS-responsive miR-31 promoter was found to drive robust luciferase activity dependent on expression of mutant KRAS and the transcription factor ELK1. Furthermore, ELK1 interacts directly with the endogenous miR-31 promoter in a MAPK-dependent manner. Expression of enforced miR-31 significantly enhanced invasion and migration of multiple pancreatic cancer cells resulting from the activation of RhoA through regulation of the miR-31 target gene RASA1. Importantly, acute knockdown of RASA1 phenocopied enforced miR-31 expression on the migratory behavior of pancreatic cancer cells through increased RhoA activation. IMPLICATIONS Oncogenic KRAS can activate Rho through the miR-31-mediated regulation of RASA1 indicating miR-31 acts as a KRAS effector to modulate invasion and migration in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver A Kent
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Joshua T Mendell
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Robert Rottapel
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Department of Medical Biophysics, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Department of Immunology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Division of Rheumatology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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