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Hassani SF, Sayaf M, Danandeh SS, Nourollahzadeh Z, Shahmohammadi M, Akbari S, Shirvaliloo M, Sheervalilou R, Shams Z. Novel Insight Into the Association Between Obesity and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Occurrence and Recurrence: High-Throughput Microarray Data Set Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes. JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2021; 5:1169-1180. [PMID: 34860577 DOI: 10.1200/cci.21.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to identify potential biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurrence/recurrence and obesity, along with the molecular mechanisms that involve these biomarkers. METHODS Three microarray data sets, namely GSE18897, GSE25097, and GSE36376 (genetic suppressor elements associated with obesity, tumor, and recurrence, respectively), were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database to be investigated for their expression as differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in HCC and obesity. The functional and pathway enrichment analysis of these DEGs were identified by the Database for Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery. The protein-protein interaction network analysis was performed with STRING online tool and Cytoscape software. RESULTS One hundred sixty common DEGs were screened. We found that these genes were associated with certain pathways such as metabolic pathways, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, and adipocytokine signaling pathway. The involvements of 10 genes, including RPS16, RPS7, CCT3, HNRNPA2B1, EIF4G1, PSMC4, NHP2, EGR1, FDPS, and MCM4, were identified in the subnetwork. HNRNPA2B1 and RPS7 in the GSE18897 data set, RPS16, RPS7, CCT3, HNRNPA2B1, PSMC4, NHP2, FDPS, and MCM4 in the GSE25097 data set, and RPS16, RPS7, CCT3, HNRNPA2B1, EIF4G1, PSMC4, NHP2, FDPS, and MCM4 in the GSE36376 data set exhibited positive fold changes. CONCLUSION These DEGs and pathways could be of diagnostic value as potential biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of HCC, pertaining to both obesity and HCC occurrence/recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masoud Sayaf
- Central Tehran Branch, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Nourollahzadeh
- Department of Biological Science, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran
| | | | | | - Milad Shirvaliloo
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Zinat Shams
- Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
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Ma S, Cheng J, Wang H, Ding N, Zhou F, Ji R, Zhu L, Zhu C, Pan Y. A novel regulatory loop miR-101/ANXA2/EGR1 mediates malignant characteristics of liver cancer stem cells. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:93-104. [PMID: 32531042 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) are the cellular determinants that promote tumor recurrence and metastases. Aberrantly expressed miRNAs were identified in LCSCs and found to play a significant role in modulating biological characteristics of LCSCs. In this study, we implemented miRNA microarrays in CD133+ LCSCs and found miR-101 expression was downregulated. Increasing miR-101 expression repressed the metastasis and tumorigenic potential in LCSCs. Further investigations showed that ANXA2 was a novel target of miR-101. And we revealed that ANXA2 plays a critical role in acceleration of cell cycle and enhancing the migration and invasion abilities of LCSCs. Elevated ANXA2 increased activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) which regulated SOX2 and cell cycle-related kinases. Moreover, ERK phosphorylation inhibited the expression of early growth response 1 (EGR1) which in turn restrained the transcription of miR-101. In vivo experiments, overexpression of miR-101 produced potent inhibitory effects on the growth of LCSCs xenograft tumors as well as ANXA2 knockdown. Taken together, our findings suggest a novel regulatory loop miR-101/ANXA2/EGR1 in LCSCs and may serve as potential therapeutic targets in liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Ma
- Department of Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Junping Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ningling Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Runing Ji
- Department of Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chuanwu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yunzhi Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Lee JY, Kim JH, Bang H, Cho J, Ko YH, Kim SJ, Kim WS. EGR1 as a potential marker of prognosis in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10342. [PMID: 33990633 PMCID: PMC8121831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89754-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extranodal natural killer T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is an aggressive malignancy with a dismal prognosis. In the present study, gene expression profiling was performed to provide more information on ENKTL molecular signature and offer a rationale for further investigation of prognostic markers in ENKTL. NanoString nCounter Analysis encompassing 133 target genes was used to compare gene expression levels of 43 ENKTL tumor samples. The majority of the patients were under 60 years of age (79.1%); 32 (74.4%) patients had nasal type ENKTL and 23 patients (53.5%) had intermediate/high risk ENKTL based on the prognostic index for natural killer cell lymphoma (PINK). The median follow-up was 15.9 months and the median overall survival (OS) was 16.1 months (95% CI 13.0-69.8). EGR1 upregulation was consistently identified in the localized stage with a low risk of prognostic index based on the PINK. Among the six significantly relevant genes for EGR1 expression, high expression levels of genes, including CD59, GAS1, CXCR7, and RAMP3, were associated with a good survival prognosis. The in vitro test showed EGR1 modulated the transcriptional activity of the target genes including CD59, GAS1, CXCR7, and RAMP3. Downregulation of EGR1 and its target genes significantly inhibited apoptosis and decreased chemosensitivity and attenuated radiation-induced apoptosis. The findings showed EGR1 may be a candidate for prognostic markers in ENKTL. Considerable additional characterization may be necessary to fully understand EGR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yun Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heejin Bang
- Department of Pathology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhun Cho
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Hyeh Ko
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Jin Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Won Seog Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.
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Wu HY, Li MW, Li QQ, Pang YY, Chen G, Lu HP, Pan SL. Elevation of miR-191-5p level and its potential signaling pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma: a study validated by microarray and in-house qRT-PCR with 1,291 clinical samples. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2019; 12:1439-1456. [PMID: 31933962 PMCID: PMC6947072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The miR-191-5p expression has been reported to increase in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its clinical value and exact role remain to be further clarified. Thus, a comprehensive analysis was performed in the current study to explore the underlying function of miR-191-5p in HCC. METHODS HCC-related expression data were collected to conduct a thorough analysis to determine the miR-191-5p expression and its clinical significance in HCC, including microarray data from the Gene Expression Omnibus and ArrayExpress database as well as quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) data of 178 matched clinical samples. The underlying relationship between miR-191-5p and HCC was also explored on the basis of a series of bioinformatics analyses. RESULTS The overall pooled meta-analysis showed an overexpression of miR-191-5p in the HCC samples (SMD=0.400, 95% CI=0.139-0.663, P=0.003), consistent with the detected result of the clinical HCC samples through the qRT-PCR analysis. Higher miR-191-5p levels were correlated with advanced TNM stages (III and IV), higher pathological grades, and metastasis. Functionally, 64 potential target genes were acquired for further mechanism analysis. Two pathways (p75 neurotrophin receptor and liver kinase B1-mediated signaling pathways), which were likely modulated by miR-191-5p, were regarded to be linked to the deterioration of HCC. Early growth response 1 and UBE2D3 were identified as the most likely targets for miR-191-5p in HCC and were commonly implied in the top enriched pathways and protein-protein network. CONCLUSIONS In summary, miR-191-5p may function as a tumor promoter miRNA of HCC, and the miR-191-5p inhibitor may contribute to the targeted HCC treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Yu Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Wei Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Qi-Qi Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Yan Pang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Ping Lu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Shang-Ling Pan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
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Bi JG, Zheng JF, Li Q, Bao SY, Yu XF, Xu P, Liao CX. MicroRNA-181a-5p suppresses cell proliferation by targeting Egr1 and inhibiting Egr1/TGF-β/Smad pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 106:107-116. [PMID: 30503931 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Early growth response factor 1 (Egr1) plays a crucial role in cancer progression. However, its precise role in HCC has not been clear. Here, we identified the aggravating role of Egr1 in cell proliferation of HCC firstly. The expression of Egr1 was significantly increased in HCC tissues. Functionally, overexpression of Egr1 enhanced, whereas silenced Egr1 expression attenuated HCC cells proliferation in vitro. Mechanistically, up-regulated Egr1 induced cell proliferation through activating Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/Smad signaling pathway concomitantly with upregulation of p-Smad2 and p-Smad3. Secondly, miR-181a-5p was down-regulated in clinical HCC specimens and its expression was inversely correlated with Egr1 expression. Functionally, overexpression of miR-181a-5p inhibited, whereas decreased expression of miR-181a-5p promoted HCC cells proliferation in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrated that miR-181a-5p overexpression directly suppressed Egr1, resulting in a down-regulated TGF-β1/Smad pathway. Besides, the silenced Egr1 expression could rescue the enhanced cell proliferation induced by miR-181a-5p inhibitor. Thus, we concluded that miR-181a-5p is a negative regulator of Egr1 that can suppress tumor proliferation in HCC through targeting Egr1/TGF-β1/Smad pathway, which may be a potential therapeutic approach of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Gang Bi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jin-Feng Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi-Yun Bao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Cai-Xian Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that EGR1 is a direct regulator of tumor suppressors including TGFβ1, PTEN, and p53. The Myb-like transcription factor Dmp1 is a physiological regulator of the Arf-p53 pathway through transactivation of the Arf promoter and physical interaction of p53. The Dmp1 promoter has binding sites for Egr proteins, and Egr1 is a target for Dmp1. Crosstalks between p53 and PTEN have been reported. The Egr1-Dmp1-Arf-p53-Pten pathway displays multiple modes of interaction with each other, suggesting the existence of a functional network of tumor suppressors that maintain normal cell growth and prevent the emergence of incipient cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Inoue
- The Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences,
Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Fry
- The Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences,
Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
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7
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Tang Q, Wang Q, Zhang Q, Lin SY, Zhu Y, Yang X, Guo AY. Gene expression, regulation of DEN and HBx induced HCC mice models and comparisons of tumor, para-tumor and normal tissues. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:862. [PMID: 29254483 PMCID: PMC5735680 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3860-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading cause of cancer mortality. Chemical and virus induction are two major risk factors, however, the potential molecular mechanisms of their differences remain elusive. In this study, to identify the similarities and differences between chemical and virus induced HCC models, we compared the gene expression profiles between DEN and HBx mice models, as well as the differences among tumor, para-tumor and normal tissues. METHODS We sequenced both gene and microRNA (miRNA) expression for HCC tumor tissues, para-tumor and normal liver tissues from DEN model mice (30-week-old) and downloaded the corresponding microarray expression data of HBx model from GEO database. Then differentially expressed genes (DEGs), miRNAs and transcription factors (TFs) were detected by R packages and performed functional enrichment analysis. To explore the gene regulatory network in HCC models, miRNA and TF regulatory networks were constructed by target prediction. RESULTS For model comparison, although DEGs between tumor and normal tissues in DEN and HBx models only had a small part of overlapping, they shared common pathways including lipid metabolism, oxidation-reduction process and immune process. For tissue comparisons in each model, genes in oxidation-reduction process were down-regulated in tumor tissues and genes in inflammatory response showed the highest expression level in para-tumor tissues. Genes highly expressed in both tumor and para-tumor tissues in two models mainly participated in immune and inflammatory response. Genes expressed in HBx model were also involved in cell proliferation and cell migration etc. Network analysis revealed that several miRNAs such as miR-381-3p, miR-142a-3p, miR-214-3p and TFs such as Egr1, Atf3 and Klf4 were the core regulators in HCC. CONCLUSIONS Through the comparative analyses, we found that para-tumor tissue is a highly inflammatory tissue while the tumor tissue is specific with both inflammatory and cancer signaling pathways. The DEN and HBx mice models have different gene expression pattern but shared pathways. This work will help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying different HCC models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Tang
- Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Qi Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Sheng-Yan Lin
- Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yanhong Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiangliang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - An-Yuan Guo
- Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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8
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Abstract
The liver is an essential organ for nutrient and drug metabolism - possessing the remarkable ability to sense environmental and metabolic stimuli and provide an optimally adaptive response. Early growth response 1 (Egr1), an immediate early transcriptional factor which acts as a coordinator of the complex response to stress, is induced during liver injury and controls the expression of a wide range of genes involved in metabolism, cell proliferation, and role of Egr1 in liver injury and repair, deficiency of Egr1 delays liver regeneration process. The known upstream regulators of Egr1 include, but are not limited to, growth factors (e.g. transforming growth factor β1, platelet-derived growth factor, epidermal growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor), nuclear receptors (e.g. hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α, small heterodimer partner, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ), and other transcription factors (e.g. Sp1, E2F transcription factor 1). Research efforts using various animal models such as fatty liver, liver injury, and liver fibrosis contribute greatly to the elucidation of Egr1 function in the liver. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide due to the heterogeneity and the late stage at which cancer is generally diagnosed. Recent studies highlight the involvement of Egr1 in HCC development. The purpose of this review is to summarize current studies pertaining to the role of Egr1 in liver metabolism and liver diseases including liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Magee
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Chen B, Ma L, Paik H, Sirota M, Wei W, Chua MS, So S, Butte AJ. Reversal of cancer gene expression correlates with drug efficacy and reveals therapeutic targets. Nat Commun 2017; 8:16022. [PMID: 28699633 PMCID: PMC5510182 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms16022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The decreasing cost of genomic technologies has enabled the molecular characterization of large-scale clinical disease samples and of molecular changes upon drug treatment in various disease models. Exploring methods to relate diseases to potentially efficacious drugs through various molecular features is critically important in the discovery of new therapeutics. Here we show that the potency of a drug to reverse cancer-associated gene expression changes positively correlates with that drug's efficacy in preclinical models of breast, liver and colon cancers. Using a systems-based approach, we predict four compounds showing high potency to reverse gene expression in liver cancer and validate that all four compounds are effective in five liver cancer cell lines. The in vivo efficacy of pyrvinium pamoate is further confirmed in a subcutaneous xenograft model. In conclusion, this systems-based approach may be complementary to the traditional target-based approach in connecting diseases to potentially efficacious drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Surgery, Asian Liver Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Hyojung Paik
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.,Biomedical HPC Technology Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, 245, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Marina Sirota
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Surgery, Asian Liver Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Mei-Sze Chua
- Department of Surgery, Asian Liver Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Samuel So
- Department of Surgery, Asian Liver Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Atul J Butte
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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Ma Y, Han CC, Huang Q, Sun WY, Wei W. GRK2 overexpression inhibits IGF1-induced proliferation and migration of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by downregulating EGR1. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:3068-74. [PMID: 26936374 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is a serine/threonine kinase that is involved in a variety of important signaling pathways and alternation of GRK2 protein level or activity causes diseases such as heart failure, rheumatoid arthritis, and obesity. However, the role and mechanism of GRK2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression is not fully investigated. In this study we found that GRK2 plays an inhibitory role in IGF1-induced HCC cell proliferation and migration. Overexpression of GRK2 causes a decrease in early growth response-1 (EGR1) expression, while knockdown of GRK2 leads to marked increase in EGR1 expression in the treatment of IGF1. Through co-immunoprecipitation and western blot assay, we confirmed that GRK2 can interact with insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and inhibits IGF1-induced activation of IGF1R signaling pathway. Silencing EGR1 attenuates GRK2 overexpression-caused inhibition of cell proliferation, tumor colony number and migration activity, while overexpressing of EGR1 restores the anti-proliferative and migratory effect by GRK2 overexpression in HCCLM3 cells. Collectively, these results suggest that GRK2 may inhibit IGF1-induced HCC cell growth and migration through downregulation of EGR1 and indicate that enforced GRK2 may offer a potential therapeutic approach against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ma
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Chen Han
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Huang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Wu-Yi Sun
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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Xu H, Moni MA, Liò P. Network regularised Cox regression and multiplex network models to predict disease comorbidities and survival of cancer. Comput Biol Chem 2015; 59:15-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Lee SM, Lee SB, Prywes R, Vulpe CD. Iron deficiency upregulates Egr1 expression. Genes Nutr 2015; 10:468. [PMID: 25981695 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-015-0468-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Iron-deficient anemia is a prevalent disease among humans. We searched for genes regulated by iron deficiency and its regulated mechanism. cDNA microarrays were performed using Hepa1c1c7 cells treated with 100 μM desferrioxamine (DFO), an iron chelator. Early growth response 1 (Egr1) was upregulated with at least 20-fold increase within 4 h and lasted for 24 h, which was confirmed by qRT-PCR. This activation was not seen by ferric ammonium citrate (FAC). DFO increased the transcriptional activity of Egr1-luc (-604 to +160) and serum response element (SRE)-luc reporters by 2.7-folds. In addition, cycloheximide lowered DFO-induced Egr1 mRNA levels. The upregulation of Egr1 by DFO was accompanied by sustained ERK signals along with phosphorylation of Elk-1. The ERK inhibitor (PD98059) prevented the DFO-induced Egr1 mRNAs. Overexpression of Elk-1 mutant (pElk-1S383A) decreased Egr1 reporter activity. DFO lowered reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and increased caspase 3/7 activity and cell death. DFO-induced iron deficiency upregulates Egr1 in part through transcriptional activation via ERK and Elk-1 signals, which may be important in the regulation of cell death in hepatoma cells. Our study demonstrated that iron depletion controlled the expression of Egr1, which might contribute to decisions about cellular fate in response to iron deficiency.
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Matsumoto T, Shimizu T, Nishijima N, Ikeda A, Eso Y, Matsumoto Y, Chiba T, Marusawa H. Hepatic inflammation facilitates transcription-associated mutagenesis via AID activity and enhances liver tumorigenesis. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36:904-13. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Yang J, Yu H, Liu BH, Zhao Z, Liu L, Ma LX, Li YX, Li YY. DCGL v2.0: an R package for unveiling differential regulation from differential co-expression. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79729. [PMID: 24278165 PMCID: PMC3835854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation Differential co-expression analysis (DCEA) has emerged in recent years as a novel, systematic investigation into gene expression data. While most DCEA studies or tools focus on the co-expression relationships among genes, some are developing a potentially more promising research domain, differential regulation analysis (DRA). In our previously proposed R package DCGL v1.0, we provided functions to facilitate basic differential co-expression analyses; however, the output from DCGL v1.0 could not be translated into differential regulation mechanisms in a straightforward manner. Results To advance from DCEA to DRA, we upgraded the DCGL package from v1.0 to v2.0. A new module named “Differential Regulation Analysis” (DRA) was designed, which consists of three major functions: DRsort, DRplot, and DRrank. DRsort selects differentially regulated genes (DRGs) and differentially regulated links (DRLs) according to the transcription factor (TF)-to-target information. DRrank prioritizes the TFs in terms of their potential relevance to the phenotype of interest. DRplot graphically visualizes differentially co-expressed links (DCLs) and/or TF-to-target links in a network context. In addition to these new modules, we streamlined the codes from v1.0. The evaluation results proved that our differential regulation analysis is able to capture the regulators relevant to the biological subject. Conclusions With ample functions to facilitate differential regulation analysis, DCGL v2.0 was upgraded from a DCEA tool to a DRA tool, which may unveil the underlying differential regulation from the observed differential co-expression. DCGL v2.0 can be applied to a wide range of gene expression data in order to systematically identify novel regulators that have not yet been documented as critical. Availability DCGL v2.0 package is available at http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/DCGL/index.html or at our project home page http://lifecenter.sgst.cn/main/en/dcgl.jsp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Bioinformatics Center, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yu
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Bao-Hong Liu
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Departments of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Lei Liu
- Bioinformatics Center, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Xiao Ma
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Xue Li
- School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute, Shanghai, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (YYL); (YXL)
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute, Shanghai, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (YYL); (YXL)
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Sánchez-Peña ML, Isaza CE, Pérez-Morales J, Rodríguez-Padilla C, Castro JM, Cabrera-Ríos M. Identification of potential biomarkers from microarray experiments using multiple criteria optimization. Cancer Med 2013; 2:253-65. [PMID: 23634293 PMCID: PMC3639664 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microarray experiments are capable of determining the relative expression of tens of thousands of genes simultaneously, thus resulting in very large databases. The analysis of these databases and the extraction of biologically relevant knowledge from them are challenging tasks. The identification of potential cancer biomarker genes is one of the most important aims for microarray analysis and, as such, has been widely targeted in the literature. However, identifying a set of these genes consistently across different experiments, researches, microarray platforms, or cancer types is still an elusive endeavor. Besides the inherent difficulty of the large and nonconstant variability in these experiments and the incommensurability between different microarray technologies, there is the issue of the users having to adjust a series of parameters that significantly affect the outcome of the analyses and that do not have a biological or medical meaning. In this study, the identification of potential cancer biomarkers from microarray data is casted as a multiple criteria optimization (MCO) problem. The efficient solutions to this problem, found here through data envelopment analysis (DEA), are associated to genes that are proposed as potential cancer biomarkers. The method does not require any parameter adjustment by the user, and thus fosters repeatability. The approach also allows the analysis of different microarray experiments, microarray platforms, and cancer types simultaneously. The results include the analysis of three publicly available microarray databases related to cervix cancer. This study points to the feasibility of modeling the selection of potential cancer biomarkers from microarray data as an MCO problem and solve it using DEA. Using MCO entails a new optic to the identification of potential cancer biomarkers as it does not require the definition of a threshold value to establish significance for a particular gene and the selection of a normalization procedure to compare different experiments is no longer necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde L Sánchez-Peña
- Bio IE Lab, Industrial Engineering Department, University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
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Berger E, Vega N, Vidal H, Geloën A. Gene network analysis leads to functional validation of pathways linked to cancer cell growth and survival. Biotechnol J 2012; 7:1395-404. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ozen E, Gozukizil A, Erdal E, Uren A, Bottaro DP, Atabey N. Heparin inhibits Hepatocyte Growth Factor induced motility and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through early growth response protein 1. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42717. [PMID: 22912725 PMCID: PMC3418296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF)/c-Met signaling pathway regulates hepatocyte proliferation, and pathway aberrations are implicated in the invasive and metastatic behaviors of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In addition to c-Met, heparin acts as a co-receptor to modulate pathway activity. Recently, anti-metastatic and anti-cancer effects of heparin have been reported. However, the role of heparin in the regulation of HGF signaling remains controversial and the effects of heparin on HGF-induced biological responses during hepatocarcinogenesis is not yet defined. In this study we determined the effects of heparin on HGF-induced activities of HCC cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we report for the first time that heparin inhibits HGF-induced adhesion, motility and invasion of HCC cells. In addition, heparin reduced HGF-induced activation of c-Met and MAPK in a dose-dependent manner, as well as decreased transcriptional activation and expression of Early growth response factor 1 (Egr1). HGF-induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation, and MT1-MMP expression, also were inhibited by heparin. Stable knockdown of Egr1 caused a significant decrease in HGF-induced invasion, as well as the activation and expression of MMPs. Parallel to these findings, the overexpression of Egr1 increased the invasiveness of HCC cells. Our results suggest that Egr1 activates HGF-induced cell invasion through the regulation of MMPs in HCC cells and heparin inhibits HGF-induced cellular invasion via the downregulation of Egr1. Therefore, heparin treatment might be a therapeutic approach to inhibit invasion and metastasis of HCC, especially for patients with active HGF/c-Met signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evin Ozen
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aysim Gozukizil
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Esra Erdal
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aykut Uren
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Donald P. Bottaro
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National, Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nese Atabey
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
- * E-mail:
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Xu WC, Li ZB, Chen YR, Li XT, Huang JX, Li YG, Chen SR. Expression and distribution of S-100, CD83, and costimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86) in tissues of thyroid papillary carcinoma. Cancer Invest 2011; 29:286-92. [PMID: 21469977 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2011.568561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A higher expression of S-100 in tissue of thyroid papillary carcinoma (TPC) vs. thyroid follicular adenoma (TFA) (p < .001) was observed as well as a higher expression of CD83 in the peri-cancerous tissues vs. TFA (p < .001), oppositely, CD83 was negative in the cancerous net. TPC showed greater decreases in levels of CD80 and CD86 than did the TFA. These findings suggest that impaired immune function, absence of CD83-positive mature and activated dendritic cells in cancer nodules may have a role in the pathogenesis of TPC. The low expression of CD80 and CD86 in TPC may help them evade the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Can Xu
- The First Affilaited Hospital of Shantou University Medical School, China.
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Kuo PL, Chen YH, Chen TC, Shen KH, Hsu YL. CXCL5/ENA78 increased cell migration and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of hormone-independent prostate cancer by early growth response-1/snail signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:1224-31. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
Protein-protein interaction and gene regulatory networks are likely to be locked in a state corresponding to a disease by the behavior of one or more bistable circuits exhibiting switch-like behavior. Sets of genes could be over-expressed or repressed when anomalies due to disease appear, and the circuits responsible for this over- or under-expression might persist for as long as the disease state continues. This paper shows how a large-scale analysis of network bistability for various human cancers can identify genes that can potentially serve as drug targets or diagnosis biomarkers.
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Wang F, Kuang Y, Salem N, Anderson PW, Lee Z. Cross-species hybridization of woodchuck hepatitis viral infection-induced woodchuck hepatocellular carcinoma using human, rat and mouse oligonucleotide microarrays. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 24:605-17. [PMID: 19175833 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2008.05581.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM We aimed to evaluate the transcriptional characteristics of viral infection-induced woodchuck hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), to compare the use of human, rat and mouse gene arrays for cross-species hybridization, and to look into gene expression profiles in woodchuck HCC by the combined use of these arrays. METHODS Commercially available human, rat and mouse oligonucleotide microarrays were used to determine the gene expression profiles on the same woodchuck liver samples. Differentially expressed genes between HCC and the surrounding hepatic tissues found in the arrays were selected for quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Despite the difference in the number of the probes from each array, the percentage of genes that were detectable was similar. Stringent microarray data analysis using both supervised and unsupervised methods identified 281 differentially expressed genes via the human array with a false discovery rate (FDR) of 0.99%, 107 genes via the rat array with an FDR of 1.85% and 78 genes via the mouse array with an FDR of 7.41%. Eleven genes were differentially changed in all three arrays that include the upregulation of NPM1, H2AFZ, EEF1G, HNRPAB, RPS18, EIF5, CKS2, ARIH1, RPS12 and RPS10, and the downregulation of EGR1. The quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction with woodchuck-specific primers confirmed the reliability of the microarray results. CONCLUSION This study further demonstrated the utility of cross-species hybridization of microarrays on woodchuck HCC. A combined use of three types of arrays identified more differential genes in HCC than individual arrays with the human array providing the richest information among the three arrays used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjing Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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22
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Dillon RL, Brown ST, Ling C, Shioda T, Muller WJ. An EGR2/CITED1 transcription factor complex and the 14-3-3sigma tumor suppressor are involved in regulating ErbB2 expression in a transgenic-mouse model of human breast cancer. Mol Cell Biol. 2007;27:8648-8657. [PMID: 17938205 DOI: 10.1128/MCB.00866-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Amplification and elevated expression of the ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase occurs in 20% of human breast cancers and is associated with a poor prognosis. We have previously demonstrated that mammary tissue-specific expression of activated ErbB2 under the control of its endogenous promoter results in mammary tumor formation. Tumor development was associated with amplification and overexpression of ErbB2 at both the transcript and protein levels. Here we demonstrate that the EGR2/Krox20 transcription factor and its coactivator CITED1 are coordinately upregulated during ErbB2 tumor induction. We have identified an EGR2 binding site in the erbB2 promoter and demonstrated by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays that EGR2 and CITED1 associate specifically with this region of the promoter. EGR2 and CITED1 were shown to associate, and expression from an erbB2 promoter-reporter construct was stimulated by EGR2 and was further enhanced by CITED1 coexpression. Furthermore, expression of the 14-3-3sigma tumor suppressor led to downregulation of ErbB2 protein levels and relocalization of EGR2 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Taken together, these observations suggest that, in addition to an increased gene copy number and upregulation of EGR2 and CITED1, an elevated erbB2 transcript level involves the loss of 14-3-3sigma, which sequesters a key transcriptional regulator of the erbB2 promoter.
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Fang M, Wee SA, Ronski K, Fan H, Tao S, Lin Q. Evidence of EGR1 as a differentially expressed gene among proliferative skin diseases. Genomic Med 2007; 1:75-85. [PMID: 18923931 DOI: 10.1007/s11568-007-9010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2006] [Accepted: 07/03/2007] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperproliferative epidermal disorders range from benign hyperplasias such as psoriasis to basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), the two most common cancers in the US. While they all arise from the epidermis, these diseases differ dramatically in biological behavior and their underlying gene expression patterns have not been compared. We thus examined mRNA transcript levels in these disorders to identify and further characterize differentially expressed genes. Transcript expression patterns distinguish these disorders and identify EGR1, among other genes, whose epidermal expression is decreased in BCC and SCC but is elevated in psoriasis. Egr-1 inhibits growth of benign and malignant epidermal cells in vitro and appears to suppress both Cdc25A expression and Cdk2 dephosphorylation. These data indicate that gene expression profiling can differentiate epidermal hyperproliferative diseases and suggest that Egr-1 may play a role in preventing uncontrolled epidermal growth.
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Gnainsky Y, Spira G, Paizi M, Bruck R, Nagler A, Genina O, Taub R, Halevy O, Pines M. Involvement of the tyrosine phosphatase early gene of liver regeneration (PRL-1) in cell cycle and in liver regeneration and fibrosis effect of halofuginone. Cell Tissue Res 2006; 324:385-94. [PMID: 16508789 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-005-0092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2005] [Accepted: 09/14/2005] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine phosphatase PRL-1 is one of the immediate-early genes up-regulated during liver regeneration and is apparently involved in cell proliferation. Previously, we have demonstrated that halofuginone, an inhibitor of collagen type I synthesis, prevents liver fibrosis and improves cirrhotic liver regeneration. In this study, we evaluated the effect of halofuginone on PRL-1 expression, its cellular localization in vitro and during liver regeneration, and fibrosis progression in vivo. In culture, halofuginone increased PRL-1 expression in primary rat hepatocytes and in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines, the former being more sensitive to halofuginone. The halofuginone-dependent increase in PRL-1 gene expression was correlated with an increase in the transcription factor early growth response-1 (Egr-1) and inversely correlated with the inhibition of cell proliferation. Halofuginone arrested HepG2 and Huh7 cell lines at the G1 phase, whereas Hep3B cells were arrested at G2/M, probably because of a reduction in the synthesis of cyclins D1 and B1 in all HCC cells and increased cyclin A in Hep3B cells. Halofuginone also affected the PRL-1 sub-cellular localization that was cell-cycle-dependent. In addition, halofuginone augmented PRL-1 expression in the remnant liver after partial hepatectomy and in chemically induced fibrosis in rats; this was accompanied by increased expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1), another immediate-early gene of regeneration. The regulation of the expression of the early genes of regeneration such as PRL-1 and IGFBP-1 is thus part of the mode of action of halofuginone and results in the prevention of liver fibrosis and improved cirrhotic liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Gnainsky
- Institute of Animal sciences , Volcani Center , P.O. Box 6 , 50250 Bet Dagan , Israel
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Ronski K, Sanders M, Burleson JA, Moyo V, Benn P, Fang M. Early growth response gene 1 (EGR1) is deleted in estrogen receptor-negative human breast carcinoma. Cancer 2005; 104:925-30. [PMID: 15999367 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.21262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and ER-negative breast carcinomas differ in terms of disease progression, treatment regimens, and prognosis. The mechanism underlying the biologic differences of the two groups is understood poorly. Array comparative genome hybridization (CGH) on breast carcinoma subtypes demonstrated a consistent association between loss in regions of chromosome 5q and ER-negative tumors. It was shown previously that early growth response gene 1 (EGR1) on 5q acts like a tumor-suppressor gene, with its expression repressed in breast carcinomas. METHODS To test the hypothesis that EGR1 is deleted differentially in ER-negative versus ER-positive breast carcinomas, fluorescence in situ hybridization was employed in this study to determine the EGR1 deletion status in 50 breast carcinoma specimens. Deletion status was measured by the signal ratio of EGR1/chromosome 5. Linear regression was used to assess the results. RESULTS The mean EGR1/chromosome 5 ratio for the ER-negative group was significantly lower compared with the same ratio for the ER-positive group (P < 0.001). Although grade alone was not significant for predicting the ratio, the interaction between ER status and grade was significant (P < 0.01): For ER-negative specimens, the higher the grade, the lower the EGR1/chromosome 5 ratio. CONCLUSIONS The EGR1 gene appeared to be deleted in ER-negative human breast carcinomas. Egr-1 may contribute to the pathogenesis of ER-negative breast carcinomas versus ER-positive breast carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyn Ronski
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-6140, USA
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Lee EJ, Kong G, Lee SH, Rho SB, Park CS, Kim BG, Bae DS, Kavanagh JJ, Lee JH. Profiling of differentially expressed genes in human uterine leiomyomas. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2005; 15:146-54. [PMID: 15670310 DOI: 10.1111/j.1048-891x.2005.15016.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyomas are very common benign tumors resulting in clinically serious gynecological problems in women of reproductive age. Approximately, 1% of leiomyosarcoma was reported to arise in a preexisting leiomyoma. However, the molecular basis of these tumors is poorly understood. To understand the molecular changes during leiomyoma development, we profiled differentially expressed genes in ten paired leiomyoma and normal myometrial tissues using cDNA microarray chip analysis. We identified 67 genes (27 overexpressed and 40 underexpressed) which were scored as differentially expressed at least twofold in at least eight of ten patients. Eighteen of 67 genes have been already reported to be differentially expressed without their established functions in uterine leiomyoma and others have never been reported. Subsequently, the relative expression levels of representative genes from identified 67 genes were confirmed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry and were found to be consistent with the microarray data. This study could provide a new insight into the understanding of leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- E-J Lee
- Molecular Therapy Research Center, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, 50 Irwon-dong, Gang-nam Gu, Seoul 135-710, South Korea
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Kim JH, Yamaguchi K, Lee SH, Tithof PK, Sayler GS, Yoon JH, Baek SJ. Evaluation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the activation of early growth response-1 and peroxisome proliferator activated receptors. Toxicol Sci 2005; 85:585-93. [PMID: 15716483 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfi118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental and food contaminants with known or suspected carcinogenic properties. In this study, we have evaluated whether PAHs activate the early growth response (EGR-1) gene and bind to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) and delta (PPAR beta/delta) in cell culture systems. Luciferase reporter systems were employed and several PAHs were evaluated for their ability to activate EGR-1 and PPARs. Some PAHs enhanced EGR-1 expression and activated PPAR alpha and PPAR beta. Among them, benz(a)anthracene was found to act as a relatively potent activator of PPAR alpha and PPAR beta/delta, and to significantly enhance EGR-1 transcription. These in vitro assays were confirmed by Western blot analysis, using cell lysates of tissue samples from mouse trapped at a highly contaminated Superfund site in the Chattanooga Creek floodplain in Chattanooga, Tennessee. We have found that a PPAR target gene, glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta), was down-regulated and EGR-1 was up-regulated in the mouse samples of Chattanooga Creek. In addition, select PAHs repressed GSK-3beta and induced CYP4A in FaO rat hepatoma cells. In conclusion, PAHs activate PPAR alpha and PPAR beta/delta, and up-regulate EGR-1 expression in vitro as well as in vivo. These data may provide a diversity of PAH activity in several biological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Ho Kim
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
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Shozu M, Murakami K, Segawa T, Kasai T, Ishikawa H, Shinohara K, Okada M, Inoue M. Decreased expression of early growth response-1 and its role in uterine leiomyoma growth. Cancer Res 2004; 64:4677-84. [PMID: 15231681 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-0560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Expression of early growth response (Egr)-1, a transcriptional factor implicated in growth regulation, is suppressed in several malignant tumors. The present study investigated the expression of Egr-1 and related genes in uterine leiomyoma and normal myometrium to determine possible contributions of Egr-1 to neoplastic growth in leiomyoma cells. Levels of Egr-1 transcripts were decreased in all leiomyomas (n = 20) to approximately 10% of levels in corresponding myometrium, where basal expression was high. Preoperative leuprorelin acetate therapy increased levels of Egr-1 mRNA in normal myometrium only. Northern blot analysis using additional sample sets (n = 5) revealed the full-length Egr-1 transcript. Western blot analysis (n = 5) confirmed decreased expression of Egr-1 protein. Southern blot analysis of the Egr-1 gene and microsatellite analysis of the chromosomal location at 5q31 (D5S414, D5S500, and D5S476) revealed neither DNA recombination nor loss of heterozygosity in leiomyomas. Moreover, Egr-1 retained identical responsiveness to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in primary cultures derived from both leiomyoma and normal tissues. Electrophoretic mobility shift analysis revealed that phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced Egr-1 in leiomyoma cells retained DNA binding ability. Egr-1 thus appears functionally intact in leiomyoma cells. Finally, consistent with the role of Egr-1 in growth inhibition, transfection of Egr-1 expression vector into a myometrial cell line (KW) that expresses low levels of Egr-1 and displays rapid growth inhibited thymidine uptake in these cells. Egr-1 may display tumor-suppressing activity and offers a potential target for leiomyoma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makio Shozu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan.
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Xiong XD, Li EM, Xu LY, Chen HB, Chen L, Cai WJ, Han YL, Shen ZY, Zeng Y. Separation and identification of differentially expressed nuclear matrix proteins between human esophageal immortalized and carcinomatous cell lines. World J Gastroenterol 2003; 9:2143-8. [PMID: 14562366 PMCID: PMC4656451 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v9.i10.2143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To separate and identify differentially expressed nuclear matrix proteins (NMPs) between the immortalized human esophageal epithelial cell line (SHEE) and the malignantly transformed esophageal carcinoma cell line (SHEEC), and to provide new ways for finding specific markers and the pathogenesis of esophageal carcinoma.
METHODS: SHEE and SHEEC cell lines were used to extract NMPs. The quality of NMPs was monitored by Western blot analysis including DNA topoisomerase IIα, proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and histone. NMPs of SHEE and SHEEC were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), silver staining and PDQuest6.2 image analysis software. Three spots in which the differentially expressed NMPs were more obvious, were selected and analyzed with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flying mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and database search.
RESULTS: Western blot analysis revealed that DNA topoisomerase IIα and PCNA were detected, and the majority of histones were deleted in NMPs of SHEE and SHEEC. After 2-DE image analysis by PDQuest6.2 software, the 2-DE maps were detected with an average of 106 ± 7.1 spots in SHEE and 132 ± 5.0 spots in SHEEC. Most of them were matched one another (r = 0.72), only 16 protein spots were found differing in intensity. Three NMPs including cytoskeletal tropomyosin, FK506-binding protein 6, similar to retinoblastoma binding protein 8 were preliminarily identified by MALDI- TOF-MS.
CONCLUSION: These differentially expressed NMPs may play an important role during malignant transformation from SHEE to SHEEC. Their separation and identification will contribute to searching for specific markers and probing into the pathogenesis of esophageal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Dong Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College, Shantou University, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou 515031, Guangdong Province, China
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Abstract
AIM: To study the inhibitory effect of all-trans retinoic acid on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721 and to explore the mechanism of its effect.
METHODS: SMMC-7721 cells were divided into two groups, one treated with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) for 5 days and the other as a control group. Light microscope and electron microscope were used to observe the morphological changes. Telomerase activity was analyzed with silver-stained telomere repeated assay protocal (TRAP). Expression of Caspase-3 was demonstrated with western blot.
RESULTS: ATRA-treated cells showed differentiation features including small and pyknotic nuclei, densely stained chromatin and fewer microvilli. Besides, ATRA could inhibit the activity of telomerase, promote the expression of Caspase-3 and its activation.
CONCLUSION: Telomerase activity and Caspase-3 expression are changed in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721 treated with all-trans retinioc acid. The inhibition of telomerase activity and the activation of Caspase-3 may be the key steps through which ATRA inhibits the proliferation of SMMC-7721 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Feng Piao
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
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Abstract
AIM To investigate the inhibitory effect of p27kip1 mediated by adenovirus vector on esophageal carcinoma in vivo.
METHODS Eca109 cells were injected into the subcutaneous tissue of nude mice to establish tumors. The transplanted tumors were reproduced among the nude mice contionually after original grafts grew well. The model of esophageal carcinoma in nude mice was established by transplanting the tumor tissue mass into the subcutaneous tissue of nude mice .The successful constructed recombinant adenoviral vector carrying p27kip1 gene and LacZ recombinant adenovirus were directly injected into the esophageal tumors in nude mice respectively. Compared with control group, the growth curves of tumor were drawed and the growth inhibition rates of tumor were calculated.
RESULTS The growth of tumors in gene therapy group with p27kip1 was obviously suppressed, which had a significant difference compared with control group (P < 0.001). The growth inhibition rate of tumor reached 64.1%.
CONCLUSION p27kip1 gene therapy mediated by adenovirus vector has significant inhibitory effect on esophageal carcinoma in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Guo Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Taihe Hospital, Yunyang Medical College, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qing-Ming Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Taihe Hospital, Yunyang Medical College, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qiang Tong
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Taihe Hospital, Yunyang Medical College, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jie-Ping Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
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Abstract
AIM: To study the effect of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) on rat experimental hepatocarcinoma and its renal cytotoxicity.
METHODS: The hepatocarcinoma model was established by diethaylnitrosamine perfusion in stomach of 120 Wistar rats, and the treatment began at the end of 20 weeks. Before the treatment, the rat models were randomly divided into 5 groups. In the treatment groups, three doses of As2O3 were injected into rat abdominal cavity, the total time of drug administration was 4 weeks. Cisplatin control or the blank group was injected into abdominal cavity with equal amount of cisplatin or saline at the same time, respectively. On the 7th, 14th and 28th day after the treatment, the hepatocarcinoma nodules were obtained and the morphologic changes of hepatocarcinoma cells were observed under light and electron microscopes; Immunohistochemistry (S-P methods) was employed to detect the expression of bcl-2, bax and PCNA in hepatocarcinoma tissues; flow cytometry (TUNEL assay) was used to detect the apoptosis of liver cancer cells and the change of cytokinetics. On the 28th day, the kidneys were obtained and their histologic changes were observed under light microscope, and immunohistochemistry (SP stain) was also employed to detect the expression of bcl-2 and PCNA. Cisplatin and saline solution were used as the control.
RESULTS: As2O3 could induce the apoptosis of rat liver cancer cells and exhibited typical morphologic changes. The incidence of apoptosis of hapatocarcinoma cells was elevated (P = 0.001). The elevation was the most higher in the group of middle-dose of As2O3 (1 mg·kg-1), significantly higher than that of the other arsenic groups and the controls (P = 0.001). Large dose of As2O3 (5 mg·kg-1) was able to arise the incidence of apoptosis, but also produced a large amount of necrosis and inflammatory reaction. Middle dose of As2O3 dramatically increased the cell number in G2/M phase (P = 0.0001), and apoptosis happened apparently. The expression of bcl-2 and bax was related to the dose of As2O3. With the up-regulation of apoptotic incidence, the ratio of bcl-2/bak decreased. But the incidence of apoptosis was not the highest status and the ratio of bcl-2/bax was at the lowest when the highest-dose of As2O3 was used. There was significant difference among the PCNA indexes (PCNA L1) of the five groups. Of them, three arsenic groups all showed decrease of different degrees, and this down-regulation was most obvious in group A. There was significant difference among the three groups (P = 0.016). Under the light microscope, the rat kidney in the cisplatin group exhibited tubular epithelium swelling and degeneration, protein casts in collecting tubules; While all arsenic groups didn’t show the significant changes (P = 0.013). In the arsenic groups, the expression of bcl-2 in the renal tubular epithelium was increased (P = 0.005), no obvious changes happened to PCNA L1. But in the group of cisplatin, the PCNA L1 increased significantly (P = 0.001).
CONCLUSION: As2O3 can induce apoptosis of rat hepatocellular carcinoma cells. And there is optimum dose; too high dose will induce the cytotoxic effect, while certain dose of As2O3 is able to block the cell cycle at G2/M phase. As2O3 had the most remarkable influence on G2/M cells, and it can also induce apoptosis to cells at other phases. As2O3 can restrain the proliferation of rat hepatocellular carcinoma cells, in a dose-time dependent manner. Compared with cisplatin, As2O3 didn’t show obvious renal toxicity, which was related to the increasing expression of bcl-2 in renal tubular epithelium, the inhibition of apoptosis and the anti-oxidation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Shan Wang
- Department of Surgery of Dagang Hospital 300270, Tianjin, China.
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Zhao XJ, Li H, Chen H, Liu YX, Zhang LH, Liu SX, Feng QL. Expression of e-cadherin and β-catenin in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: relationships with prognosis. World J Gastroenterol 2003; 9:225-32. [PMID: 12532436 PMCID: PMC4611316 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v9.i2.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To elucidate the expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin correlating with its clinical outcome in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), by analyzing their interrelationship with clinicopathological variables and their effects on progress and prognosis.
METHODS: Expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin was determined by SP immunohistochemical technique in patients with ESCC consecutively, their correlation with clinical characteristics was evaluated and analyzed by multivariate analysis.
RESULTS: The rate of expression of E-cadherin decreased to 66.03% (70/106) in ESCC and the protein level was negative correlated with histologic grade, tumor size, clinical staging, lymph node metastasis and venous invasion. Whereas the expression rate of β-catenin was reduced to 69.8% (74/106) and the level of protein expression correlated only with histologic grade. There obviously existed inverse correlation between level of E-cadherin protein and survival, especially in stage I, IIa, IIb (P = 0.0033), Patients with low-expressing tumors for β-catenin and non-expressing tumors for E-cadherin/β-catenin had lower survival period than those with normal-expressing ones (P = 0.0501 and P = 0.0080, respectively). Patients with diminished expression of E-cadherin as grade II or III had shorter survival period than those with normally expressing and grade I, no significance existed between grade I and grade II or III with respect to different status of E-cadherin expression. Furthermore, Correlation analysis showed level of E-cadherin correlated with that of β-catenin (P = 0.005). Cox proportional hazards model analysis suggested downregulation of E-cadherin was an important factor indicating poor prognosis.
CONCLUSION: As a probable independent prognostic factor, it correlates with overall and disease free survival period, expression of E-cadherin but not β-catenin may predict prognosis in patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Jiang Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tiyuanbei Street, Block Hexi, Tianjin 300060, China.
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Xiong XD, Xu LY, Shen ZY, Cai WJ, Luo JM, Han YL, Li EM. Identification of differentially expressed proteins between human esophageal immortalized and carcinomatous cell lines by two-dimensional electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF-mass spectrometry. World J Gastroenterol 2002; 8:777-81. [PMID: 12378614 PMCID: PMC4656560 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v8.i5.777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To identify the differentially expressed proteins between the human immortalized esophageal epithelial cell line (SHEE) and the malignant transformed esophageal carcinoma cell line (SHEEC), and to explore new ways for studying esophageal carcinoma associated genes.
METHODS: SHEE and SHEEC cell lines were used to separate differentially expressed proteins by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The silver-stained 2-D gels was scanned with EDAS290 digital camera system and analyzed with the PDQuest 6.2 Software. Six spots in which the differentially expressed protein was more obvious were selected and analyzed with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flying mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS).
RESULTS: There were 107±4.58 and 115±9.91 protein spots observed in SHEE and SHEEC respectively, and the majority of these spots between the two cell lines matched each other (r = 0.772), only a few were expressed differentially. After analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS and database search for the six differentially expressed proteins, One new protein as well as other five sequence-known proteins including RNPEP-like protein, human rRNA gene upstream sequence binding transcription factor, uracil DNA glycosylase, Annexin A2 and p300/CBP-associated factor were preliminarily identified.
CONCLUSION: These differentially expressed proteins might play an importance role during malignant transformation of SHEEC from SHEE. The identification of these proteins may serve as a new way for studying esophageal carcinoma associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Dong Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, Guangdong Province, China
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