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Wang HL, Zhao XK, Zhou FY, Song X, Li LY, Huang GR, Bao QD, Lei LL, Yang HJ, Li L, Xu RH, Li AL, Wang XZ, Han WL, Ren JL, Wang LD. Characterization of E-cadherin expression in normal mucosa, dysplasia and adenocarcinoma of gastric cardia and its influence on prognosis. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:265-277. [PMID: 35116116 PMCID: PMC8790427 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i1.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA), which has been classified as type II adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction in western countries, is of similar geographic distribution with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in China, and even referred as "sister cancer" by Chinese oncologists. The molecular mechanism for GCA is largely unknown. Recent studies have shown that decreased expression of E-cadherin is associated with the invasion and metastasis of multiple cancers. However, the E-cadherin expression has not been well characterized in gastric cardia carcinogenesis and its effect on GCA prognosis.
AIM To characterize E-cadherin expression in normal gastric cardia mucosa, dysplasia and GCA tissues, and its influence on prognosis for GCA.
METHODS A total of 4561 patients with GCA were enrolled from our previously established GCA and esophageal cancer databases. The enrollment criteria included radical surgery for GCA, but without any radio- or chemo-therapy before operation. The GCA tissue from 4561 patients and matched adjacent normal epithelial tissue (n = 208) and dysplasia lesions (n = 156) were collected, and processed as tissue microarray for immunohistochemistry. The clinicopathological characteristics were retrieved from the medical records in hospital and follow-up was carried out through letter, telephone or home interview. E-cadherin protein expression was determined by two step immunohistochemistry. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to correlate E-cadherin protein expression with survival of GCA patients.
RESULTS Of the 4561 GCA patients, there were 3607 males with a mean age of 61.6 ± 8.8 and 954 females with a mean age of 61.9 ± 8.6 years, respectively. With the lesions progressed from normal gastric cardia mucosa to dysplasia and GCA, the positive immunostaining rates for E-cadherin decreased significantly from 100% to 93.0% and 84.1%, respectively (R2 = 0.9948). Furthermore, E-cadherin positive immunostaining rate was significantly higher in patients at early stage (0 and I) than in those at late stage (II and III) (92.7% vs 83.7%, P = 0.001). E-cadherin positive expression rate was significantly associated with degree of differentiation (P = 0.001) and invasion depth (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that the GCA patients with positive E-cadherin immunostaining had better survival than those with negative (P = 0.026). It was noteworthy that E-cadherin positive expression rate was similar in patients with positive and negative lymph node metastasis. However, in patients with negative lymph node metastasis, those with positive expression of E-cadherin had better survival than those with negative expression (P = 0.036). Similarly, in patients with late stage GCA, those with positive expression of E-cadherin had better survival than those with negative expression (P = 0.011).
CONCLUSION E-cadherin expression may be involved in gastric cardia carcinogenesis and low expression of E-cadherin may be a promising early biomarker and overall survival predictor for GCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Xue-Ke Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Fu-You Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Tumor Prevention Treatment, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang 455000, Henan Province, China
| | - Xin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Liu-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Gai-Rong Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Qi-De Bao
- Department of Oncology, Anyang District Hospital, Anyang 455000, Henan Province, China
| | - Ling-Ling Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Hai-Jun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang 455000, Henan Province, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Rui-Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Ai-Li Li
- Department of Pathology, Linzhou Tumor Hospital, Linzhou 456500, Henan Province, China
| | - Xian-Zeng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Linzhou People's Hospital, Linzhou 456500, Henan Province, China
| | - Wen-Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Jing-Li Ren
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Li-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
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Davoodvandi A, Farshadi M, Zare N, Akhlagh SA, Alipour Nosrani E, Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Kangari P, Sharafi SM, Khan H, Aschner M, Baniebrahimi G, Mirzaei H. Antimetastatic Effects of Curcumin in Oral and Gastrointestinal Cancers. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:668567. [PMID: 34456716 PMCID: PMC8386020 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.668567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are known as frequently occurred solid malignant tumors that can cause the high rate mortality in the world. Metastasis is a significant destructive feature of tumoral cells, which directly correlates with decreased prognosis and survival. Curcumin, which is found in turmeric, has been identified as a potent therapeutic natural bioactive compound (Curcuma longa). It has been traditionally applied for centuries to treat different diseases, and it has shown efficacy for its anticancer properties. Numerous studies have revealed that curcumin inhibits migration and metastasis of GI cancer cells by modulating various genes and proteins, i.e., growth factors, inflammatory cytokines and their receptors, different types of enzymes, caspases, cell adhesion molecules, and cell cycle proteins. Herein, we summarized the antimetastatic effects of curcumin in GI cancers, including pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, oral cancer, and esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Davoodvandi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Noushid Zare
- Faculty of Pharmacy, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Esmail Alipour Nosrani
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parisa Kangari
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Maryam Sharafi
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Ghazaleh Baniebrahimi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Zhu H, Chen Y, Zhang J, Qian C, Qiu W, Shen H, Shen Z. Knockdown of TRIM37 Promotes Apoptosis and Suppresses Tumor Growth in Gastric Cancer by Inactivation of the ERK1/2 Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:5479-5491. [PMID: 32606764 PMCID: PMC7297455 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s233906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Gastric cancer (GC), a malignant tumor of the gastric mucosa, is the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Although the incidence and mortality of gastric cancer have been reduced in the US and elsewhere, it is still a major public health concern. In this study, we attempted to investigate the function of tripartite motif-containing protein 37 (TRIM37) in GC cell lines in order to propose a new therapy for GC. Methods The expression of TRIM37 in GC patients and cell lines was detected by immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR and Western blotting analysis. After TRIM37 knockdown or overexpression, the cell cycle, proliferation and apoptosis, as well as the expression of related proteins, were detected. In addition, in vivo experiments on nude mice were performed. Results We found that TRIM37 expression was significantly elevated in tumor tissues of GC patients and GC cell lines, and patients with high expression of TRIM37 had a poor prognosis. Knockdown of TRIM37 in GC cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation and cell cycle progression, promoted apoptosis, increased cleaved caspase 3 and decreased c-myc and phosphorylation of protein kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2). Effects of TRIM37 overexpression were opposite to that of TRIM37 knockdown and were potently attenuated by an ERK1/2 inhibitor. In addition, an ERK1/2 agonist increased TRIM37 and p-ERK1/2 in a dose-dependent manner, and TRIM37 knockdown potently attenuated EGF-induced cell proliferation and expression of TRIM37 and p-ERK1/2. Interestingly, we found that TRIM37 overexpression did not affect the mRNA level of dual-specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6), but reduced its protein level in GC cells. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) analyses revealed that TRIM37 interacted with DUSP6, and TRIM37 overexpression enhanced DUSP6 ubiquitination in GC cells. In vivo experiments on nude mice showed the inhibitory effect of TRIM37 knockdown on tumor growth. Conclusion These findings suggest that TRIM37 may act as an oncogene in the growth of GC cells and illustrate its potential function as a target in the treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201112, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanwen Chen
- Department of General Surgery, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201112, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201112, People's Republic of China
| | - Changlin Qian
- Department of General Surgery, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201112, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqing Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201112, People's Republic of China
| | - Huojian Shen
- Department of General Surgery, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201112, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Shen
- Department of General Surgery, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201112, People's Republic of China
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Kumar P, Sebastian A, Verma K, Dixit R, Kumari S, Singh J, Tiwary SK, Narayan G. mRNA Expression Analysis of E-Cadherin, VEGF, and MMPs in Gastric Cancer: a Pilot Study. Indian J Surg Oncol 2020; 12:85-92. [PMID: 33994733 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-020-01096-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a serious fatal cancer on a global scale because of its presentation at advanced stage. The expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), E-cadherin, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in other cancers have been reported. However, its expression and underlying mechanisms are little known in gastric cancer in Indian context. In this study, we detected mRNA expression of VEGF, E-cadherin, and MMPs (MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9) in 73 gastric cancer tissues and 27 normal controls by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Receiver operator characteristics analysis was done for determining the diagnostic utility of VEGF, MMPs and E-cadherin with respect to the sensitivity and specificity. The association of VEGF, MMPs, and E-cadherin expression with the clinicopathological characteristics and the prognosis was subsequently analyzed. The mRNA expression results showed that E-cadherin was significantly downregulated in 47.9% of GC in comparison to control. There was no change in VEGF expression observed in 90.4% GC cases. MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 were overexpressed in 13.7%, 28.8%, and 11% of GC, respectively, with significant change in MMP-2 (p ≤ 0.0001) and MMP-9 (p = 0.027) in comparison to control. Our results strengthen the necessity of more studies to elucidate the prophetic role of these genes in the development of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Arun Sebastian
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Khushi Verma
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Ruhi Dixit
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Soni Kumari
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Juhi Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Satyendra Kumar Tiwary
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Gopeshwar Narayan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
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Kimawaha P, Jusakul A, Junsawang P, Loilome W, Khuntikeo N, Techasen A. Circulating TGF-β1 as the potential epithelial mesenchymal transition-biomarker for diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma. J Gastrointest Oncol 2020; 11:304-318. [PMID: 32399272 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2019.01.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant tumor arising from bile duct epithelium. The oncogenic risk factor is infection by the liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini (Ov). One of key mechanism in the development of CCA is epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). We aimed to investigate the expression of EMT-related proteins namely, E-cadherin, TGF-β1 and BMP-7 in CCA tissues, to determine the level of candidate EMT-related protein, and to examine whether there were significant correlations with clinicopathological data in sera of CCA patients compared with normal groups. Methods The expression of E-cadherin, TGF-β1 and BMP-7 was analyzed in human CCA tissues by immunohistochemistry and altered expressions compared to clinicopathological data were analyzed to identify the potential candidate EMT-biomarker. Subsequently, the level of candidate marker was determined in sera of CCA patients compared with normal and inflammatory-related diseases groups by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Immunohistochemical analysis showed that E-cadherin was expressed at a low level whereas TGF-β1 and BMP-7 showed high expression in CCA tissues when compared with liver from cadaveric donor. Interestingly, only high TGF-β1 expression in CCA tissues was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis, severe cancer stage, intrahepatic CCA type and shorter survival time of CCA patients (P<0.05). Consequently, TGF-β1 was selected to determine the level in serum of CCA patients using ELISA. The results showed that serum TGF-β1 level was elevated in CCA patients compared to the normal group. Patients with high TGF-β1 levels were significantly correlated with metastasis status (P=0.03). Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that serum TGF-β1 level is effective in distinguishing CCA patients from normal at the cut-off of 38.54 ng/mL with high sensitivity (71.1%) and specificity (68.9%) and from inflammatory-related diseases group at the cut-off of 38.67 ng/mL with effective sensitivity (68.0%) and specificity (71.1%). Furthermore, TGF-β1 could serve as a novel metastatic biomarker in CCA to diagnose the disease with 48.95 ng/mL as the cut-off along with the desired sensitivity and specificity (48.2% and 88.9% respectively). Conclusions The results of this study show that TGF-β1 could be a potential EMT-biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phongsaran Kimawaha
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Apinya Jusakul
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Prem Junsawang
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Watcharin Loilome
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Narong Khuntikeo
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Techasen
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Gupta MK, Rajeswari J, Reddy PR, Kumar KS, Chamundeswaramma KV, Vadde R. Genetic Marker Identification for the Detection of Early-Onset Gastric Cancer Through Genome-Wide Association Studies. Recent Advancements in Biomarkers and Early Detection of Gastrointestinal Cancers 2020:191-211. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4431-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
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Gupta MK, Rajeswari J, Reddy PR, Kumar KS, Chamundeswaramma KV, Vadde R. Genetic Marker Identification for the Detection of Early-Onset Gastric Cancer Through Genome-Wide Association Studies. Recent Advancements in Biomarkers and Early Detection of Gastrointestinal Cancers 2020:191-211. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-4431-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
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Liu X, Long Z, Cai H, Yu S, Wu J. TRIM58 suppresses the tumor growth in gastric cancer by inactivation of β-catenin signaling via ubiquitination. Cancer Biol Ther 2019; 21:203-212. [PMID: 31747856 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2019.1679554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate and define the underlying molecular mechanism of tripartite motif-containing 58 (TRIM58) in regulating the tumor growth of gastric cancer (GC).Methods: TRIM58 expression in GC tissues and cells was detected by real-time PCR and Western blot, followed by lentiviral-induced overexpression or knockdown of TRIM58. Subsequently, CCK8, BrdU-ELISA, flow cytometry, immunoprecipitation, in vitro animal experiments and immunochemistry were performed to explore the function of TRIM58. Western blotting was used to detect β-catenin, C-myc, Cyclin D1, and survivin expression.Results: TRIM58 expression was significantly reduced in tumor tissues of GC patients and GC cell lines, whereas β-catenin, C-myc, Cyclin D1, and survivin were highly expressed. Overexpression of TRIM58 in GC cells resulted in decreases in β-catenin, C-myc, Cyclin D1, and survivin protein expression and significantly suppressed proliferation by preventing cell-cycle progression and promoting cell apoptosis. Conversely, TRIM58 knockdown resulted in the opposite effects. Furthermore, the effect of TRIM58 knockdown on GC cells was potently reversed by a β-catenin inhibitor, XAV939. Immunoprecipitations showed the interaction between TRIM58 and β-catenin, and TRIM58 overexpression significantly enhanced β-catenin degradation. In addition, we found a significant decrease in the growth and weight of tumors and an increase in tumor cell apoptosis in TRIM58-overexpression nude mice, which were also accompanied by reduced β-catenin expression.Conclusions: These data suggest that TRIM58 may function as a tumor suppressor in GC and potentially suppress the tumor growth of gastric cancer by inactivation of β-catenin signaling via ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Liu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziwen Long
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Cai
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengjia Yu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianghong Wu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Ye DM, Xu G, Ma W, Li Y, Luo W, Xiao Y, Liu Y, Zhang Z. Significant function and research progress of biomarkers in gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 19:17-29. [PMID: 31897111 PMCID: PMC6924079 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common gastrointestinal tumor types, and the incidence and mortality rates are higher in men compared with women. Various studies have revealed that gastric cancer is a spectrum of tumor types, which have biological and genetic diversity. It has proven to be difficult to improve the overall survival and disease-free survival of patients with gastric cancer through the use of traditional surgery and chemoradiation, as gastric cancer is usually identified at an advanced stage. In consequence, the outcome is frequently poor. Thus, novel biomarkers and anticancer targets are required to improve the outcome. As the identification of biomarkers has increased due to advances in research and the greater availability of bioinformatics and functional genomics, the potential therapeutic regimens available have also increased concurrently. These advances have also improved the ability to predict responses to chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy, whilst other biomarkers predict post-treatment survival and recurrence based on their expression. This review focuses closely on the important functions of biomarkers in the timely diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer, in addition to the advances in the study of certain novel markers in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Mei Ye
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Gaosheng Xu
- Department of Surgery, Yueyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Yueyang, Hunan 414000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Surgery, Yueyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Yueyang, Hunan 414000, P.R. China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Weiru Luo
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Yiyang Xiao
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Pathology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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Lai YC, Yeh TS, Wu RC, Tsai CK, Yang LY, Lin G, Kuo MD. Acute Tumor Transition Angle on Computed Tomography Predicts Chromosomal Instability Status of Primary Gastric Cancer: Radiogenomics Analysis from TCGA and Independent Validation. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E641. [PMID: 31075839 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) of gastric cancer is correlated with distinct outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the role of computed tomography (CT) imaging traits in predicting the CIN status of gastric cancer. We screened 443 patients in the Cancer Genome Atlas gastric cancer cohort to filter 40 patients with complete CT imaging and genomic data as the training cohort. CT imaging traits were subjected to logistic regression to select independent predictors for the CIN status. For the validation cohort, we prospectively enrolled 18 gastric cancer patients for CT and tumor genomic analysis. The imaging predictors were tested in the validation cohort using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Thirty patients (75%) in the training cohort and 9 patients (50%) in the validation cohort had CIN subtype gastric cancers. Smaller tumor diameter (p = 0.017) and acute tumor transition angle (p = 0.045) independently predict CIN status in the training cohort. In the validation cohort, acute tumor transition angle demonstrated the highest accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 88.9%, 88.9%, and 88.9%, respectively, and areas under ROC curve of 0.89. In conclusion, this pilot study showed acute tumor transition angle on CT images may predict the CIN status of gastric cancer.
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You X, Wang Y, Wu J, Liu Q, Chen D, Tang D, Wang D. Aberrant Cytokeratin 20 mRNA Expression in Peripheral Blood and Lymph Nodes Indicates Micrometastasis and Poor Prognosis in Patients With Gastric Carcinoma. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2019; 18:1533033819832856. [PMID: 30827194 PMCID: PMC6856971 DOI: 10.1177/1533033819832856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies suggest that peripheral blood and lymph node micrometastases may be a causative factor for gastric cancer recurrence. Cytokeratin 20 shows enriched expression in intestinal epithelial cells. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of monitoring cytokeratin 20 levels in peripheral blood and lymph nodes of patients with gastric cancer for detecting micrometastasis and predicting prognosis. We detected messenger RNA levels of cytokeratin 20 in gastric cancer cell lines and in the peripheral blood of 125 patients (85 patients with gastric cancer and 40 patients with benign neoplasm) by fluorescence quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction both before and after radical resection. In all, 1586 lymph node samples from 85 patients with gastric cancer were evaluated for cytokeratin 20 expression using real-time polymerase chain reaction, as well as by immunohistochemistry staining with anti-pan-keratin and anti-cytokeratin 20 antibodies. All patients underwent follow-up until cancer-related death or for more than 3 years after tumor resection. We found that elevated cytokeratin 20 expression in peripheral blood as detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction closely correlates with poor clinicopathological characteristics. Detecting cytokeratin 20 messenger RNA in the lymph nodes by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction enabled more accurate determination of the clinicopathological staging of gastric cancer, best treatment approach, and prognosis. Our findings show that patients with increased cytokeratin 20 messenger RNA expression in the peripheral blood or lymph nodes have a shorter time to recurrence and poorer overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan You
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Hospital Affiliated to Medical
School of Yangzhou University (Taizhou People's Hospital), Taizhou, Jiangsu Province,
China
- Xiaolan You, PhD, Department of Gastrointestinal
Surgery, The Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Yangzhou University (Taizhou
People's Hospital), No 8 South Dongfeng Road, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yuanjie Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Hospital Affiliated to Medical
School of Yangzhou University (Taizhou People's Hospital), Taizhou, Jiangsu Province,
China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Hospital Affiliated to Medical
School of Yangzhou University (Taizhou People's Hospital), Taizhou, Jiangsu Province,
China
| | - Qinghong Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Hospital Affiliated to Medical
School of Yangzhou University (Taizhou People's Hospital), Taizhou, Jiangsu Province,
China
| | - Dehu Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Hospital Affiliated to Medical
School of Yangzhou University (Taizhou People's Hospital), Taizhou, Jiangsu Province,
China
| | - Dong Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou
University, Subei People’s Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou Jiangsu Province,
China
| | - Daorong Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou
University, Subei People’s Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou Jiangsu Province,
China
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12
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Jang M, Koh I, Lee JE, Lim JY, Cheong JH, Kim P. Increased extracellular matrix density disrupts E-cadherin/β-catenin complex in gastric cancer cells. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:2704-2713. [PMID: 30151505 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00843d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During gastric cancer (GC) progression, increased extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, notably collagen type I, correlates with an overall increase in expression of the mesenchymal phenotype. In GC tissue, the intestinal epithelium exhibits impaired cell-cell adhesion and enhanced cell-ECM adhesion. The alteration of intercellular integrity is one of tumorigenesis feature including tumor invasion and metastasis. Using a density-varying ECM, we studied the effect of ECM density on both intercellular- and ECM-interactions according to alterations of ECM-mediated signaling. A dense collagen matrix increases integrin-mediated cell-ECM interactions with phosphorylated FAK and ERK signaling in human gastric adenocarcinoma cells (AGS, MKN74), which regulates GC proliferation and the chemotherapeutic response. In addition, GC cells exhibited a disrupted membranous E-cadherin/β-catenin complex and, remarkably, showed cytoplasmic or nucleic localization of β-catenin in response to collagen density. Furthermore, we found that membranous E-cadherin/β-catenin complex could be recovered by inhibiting the phosphorylation of FAK, which in turn influences the chemotherapeutic effect. These results provide insight into how matrix density differentially regulates cancer cell phenotype and may have significant implications for the design of biomaterials with appropriate physical properties for in vitro tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Jang
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
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13
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Zhang Y, Li D, Dai Y, Li R, Gao Y, Hu L. The Role of E-cadherin in Helicobacter pylori-Related Gastric Diseases. Curr Drug Metab 2018; 20:23-28. [PMID: 29938616 DOI: 10.2174/1389200219666180625113010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-related gastric diseases are a series of gastric mucosal disorders associated with H. pylori infection. Gastric cancer (GC) is widely believed to evolve from gastritis and gastric ulcer. As an important adhesion molecule of epithelial cells, E-cadherin plays a key role in the development of gastric diseases. In this review, we aim to seek the characteristic of E-cadherin expression at different stages of gastric diseases. METHODS We searched plenty of databases for research literature about E-cadherin expression in H. pylori-related gastric diseases, and reviewed the relationship of E-cadherin and H. pylori, and the role of E-cadherin at different stages of gastric diseases. RESULTS H. pylori was shown to decrease E-cadherin expression by various ways in vitro, while most of clinical studies have not found the relationship between H. pylori and E-cadherin expression. It is defined that poor outcome of GC is related to loss expression of E-cadherin, but it is still unclear when qualitative change of E-cadherin expression in gastric mucosa emerges. CONCLUSION Expression level of E-cadherin in gastric cells may be a consequence of injury factors and body's selfrepairing ability. More studies on E-cadherin expression in gastric mucosa with precancerous lesions need to be performed, which may be potential and useful for early detection, prevention and treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhan Zhang
- Piwei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Danyan Li
- Piwei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunkai Dai
- Piwei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruliu Li
- Piwei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Piwei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Ling Hu
- Piwei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
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14
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Ma YR, Ren Z, Conner MG, Siegal GP, Wei S. Reduced E-Cadherin and Aberrant β-Catenin Expression are Associated With Advanced Disease in Signet-Ring Cell Carcinomas. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2017; 25:432-8. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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15
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Takayasu V, Goto EH, Casagrande MZ, Miranda PGDA, Diniz GBDF, Monteiro MF, Felipe-Silva A. Bicytopenia and leukoerythroblastosis: a rare initial presentation of signet ring cell gastric adenocarcinoma. Autops Case Rep 2017; 7:55-60. [PMID: 28740840 PMCID: PMC5507570 DOI: 10.4322/acr.2017.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinoma is a common neoplasia and is responsible for up to 30% of the overall deaths due to cancer. Advanced disease is mostly characterized by peritoneum, liver, and lung involvement. The spread of the disease to the bone is rare, and bone marrow dissemination is even rarer. In this setting, leukoerythroblastosis may be the initial manifestation of the disease. The authors report the case of a 64-year-old Caucasian man who sought medical care complaining of back pain, weakness, and weight loss. The physical examination revealed pallor, and the laboratory work-up depicted severe anemia and thrombocytopenia; the peripheral blood smear was consistent with leukoerythroblastosis. The ongoing investigation through a bone marrow biopsy showed massive involvement of the bone marrow by a signet ring cell adenocarcinoma. During hospitalization, the patient presented melena, and an upper digestive endoscopy depicted an ulcerated and infiltrative lesion in the cardia, upon which the histological examination revealed a signet ring cell adenocarcinoma. This case highlights the bone marrow invasion represented by bicytopenia and leukoerythroblastosis as the initial manifestation of this histological type of gastric cancer. Although treatment attempts were made with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the patient died early on, showing the aggressive behavior of this form of tumoral presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilma Takayasu
- University of São Paulo, Hospital Universitário, Internal Medicine Division. São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Edna Harumi Goto
- University of São Paulo, Hospital Universitário, Internal Medicine Division. São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mayra Zanon Casagrande
- University of São Paulo, Faculty of Medicine, Internal Medicine Department. São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Aloisio Felipe-Silva
- University of São Paulo, Hospital Universitário, Anatomic Pathology Service. São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,University of São Paulo, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology. São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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16
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Ma YR, Siegal GP, Wei S. Reacquisition of E-cadherin expression in metastatic deposits of signet-ring cell carcinoma of the upper gastrointestinal system: a potential anchor for metastatic deposition. J Clin Pathol 2016; 70:528-532. [PMID: 27864451 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2016-203959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the expression of E-cadherin in paired primary and metastatic signet-ring cell carcinomas (SRCC) of various organ systems in order to explore the potential role of the molecule in metastatic dissemination of this unique tumour type. METHODS Thirty-seven consecutive cases of SRCC from various organs with paired primary and metastatic tumorous tissue available were retrieved. The intensity of membranous E-cadherin expression was semiquantitatively scored on a scale of 0-3+. RESULTS Reduced E-cadherin expression was a distinct feature of primary SRCC and was observed in 78% of primary tumours. Interestingly, the E-cadherin reduction was less frequently seen in metastatic SRCC when compared with their primary counterparts, and was only found in 57% of tumours in lymph node metastases or at distant sites of relapse. Furthermore, the mean score of E-cadherin expression of primary SRCC was significantly lower than that of their metastatic counterparts (2.3 vs 1.8; p=0.008). When divided by organ systems, the reacquisition of E-cadherin expression in the metastatic deposits was most remarkable in the SRCC of upper gastrointestinal tract origin (2.3 vs 1.4; p=0.003), whereas no significant difference was observed in other organ systems. CONCLUSIONS While the reduction of E-cadherin in primary SRCC supports its pivotal role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, a process crucial in tumour progression and metastatic dissemination, the re-expression of this molecule in metastatic SRCC cells implies a reversal to their epithelial phenotype (thus mesenchymal-epithelial transition) which, in turn, theoretically helps tumour cells to anchor and form cohesive metastatic deposits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong R Ma
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Gene P Siegal
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Shi Wei
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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17
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Karpińska-Kaczmarczyk K, Lewandowska M, Ławniczak M, Białek A, Urasińska E. Expression of Mismatch Repair Proteins in Early and Advanced Gastric Cancer in Poland. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:2886-92. [PMID: 27527654 PMCID: PMC4996049 DOI: 10.12659/msm.897150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in DNA of mismatch repair (MMR) genes result in failure to repair errors that occur during DNA replication in microsatellites, resulting in accumulation of frameshift mutations in these genes and leading to DNA mismatch replication errors and microsatellite instability. Gastric cancers (GCs) with high MSI (MSI-H) are a well-defined subset of carcinomas showing distinctive clinicopathological features. In this study we investigated the rate of MSI and the correlation between MSI status and clinicopathological features of GC. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 107 patients with GCs: 61 with advanced gastric cancers (AGC) and 46 with early gastric cancer (EGC). MSI deficiency in GCs was assessed by the immunohistochemical analysis of expression of MMR proteins - MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 - using formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue. RESULTS A total of 6 (5.6%) MSI-H were observed. The loss of MMR proteins expression was associated with the intestinal type of GC in Lauren classification, and tubular and papillary architecture in WHO classification. There was no statistically significant association between negative MMR expression and other selected clinical parameters: age, sex, tumor location, depth of invasion (EGC and AGC), lymph nodes status, presence of the ulceration, and lymphocytic infiltrate. CONCLUSIONS In the present era of personalized medicine, the histological type of GC and MMR proteins status in cancer cells are very important for the proper surveillance of patients with familial GC and sporadic GCs, as well as for selecting the proper follow-up and treatment. Larger collaborative studies are needed to verify the features of MSI-H GCs in Poland.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrzej Białek
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Urasińska
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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18
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is an aggressive disease with a poor 5-year survival and large global burden of disease. The disease is biologically and genetically heterogeneous with a poorly understood carcinogenesis at the molecular level. Despite the many prognostic, predictive, and therapeutic biomarkers investigated to date, gastric cancer continues to be detected at an advanced stage with resultant poor clinical outcomes. MAIN BODY This is a global review of gastric biomarkers with an emphasis on HER2, E-cadherin, fibroblast growth factor receptor, mammalian target of rapamycin, and hepatocyte growth factor receptor as well as sections on microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, matrix metalloproteinases, PD-L1, TP53, and microsatellite instability. CONCLUSION A deeper understanding of the pathogenesis and biological features of gastric cancer, including the identification and characterization of diagnostic, prognostic, predictive, and therapeutic biomarkers, hopefully will provide improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Baniak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8 Canada
| | - Jenna-Lynn Senger
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, 116 St & 85 Ave, Edmonton, T6G 2R3, T6G 2B7 AB Canada
| | - Shahid Ahmed
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Saskatchewan, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8 Canada
| | - S. C. Kanthan
- Department of General Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8 Canada
| | - Rani Kanthan
- Department of General Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8 Canada
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19
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Yoon JH, Eun JW, Choi WS, Kim O, Nam SW, Lee JY, Park WS. NKX6.3 Is a Transcription Factor for Wnt/β-catenin and Rho-GTPase Signaling-Related Genes to Suppress Gastric Cancer Progression. EBioMedicine 2016; 9:97-109. [PMID: 27333045 PMCID: PMC4972521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite ongoing research and recent progress, the prognosis for patients with advanced gastric cancer remains poor. Wnt/β-catenin and Rho-GTPase signaling pathways are known to play essential roles in malignant transformation and progression of various tumors, including gastric cancer. Here, we identify that NKX6 transcription factor, locus 3 (NKX6.3) binds directly to specific promoter regions of Wnt/β-catenin and Rho-GTPase pathway-related genes, resulting in inhibition of cancer cell migration and invasion. Additionally, we find that the expression level of NKX6.3 is involved in regulation of gastric cancer progression and expression of Wnt/β-catenin and Rho-GTPase pathway-related genes in clinical samples. These results suggest that NKX6.3 prevents EMT and cell migration, implying that NKX6.3 inactivation might be one of the key mechanisms of gastric cancer cell invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hwan Yoon
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, South Korea
| | - Jung Woo Eun
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, South Korea; Functional RNomics Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, South Korea
| | - Won Suk Choi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, South Korea
| | - Olga Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, South Korea
| | - Suk Woo Nam
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, South Korea; Functional RNomics Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, South Korea
| | - Jung Young Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, South Korea; Functional RNomics Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, South Korea
| | - Won Sang Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, South Korea; Functional RNomics Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, South Korea.
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20
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Palen K, Weber J, Dwinell MB, Johnson BD, Ramchandran R, Gershan JA. E-cadherin re-expression shows in vivo evidence for mesenchymal to epithelial transition in clonal metastatic breast tumor cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:43363-43375. [PMID: 27270319 PMCID: PMC5190029 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial experimental evidence has shown that dedifferentiation from an epithelial state to a mesenchymal-like state (EMT) drives tumor cell metastasis. This transition facilitates tumor cells to acquire motility and invasive features. Intriguingly, tumor cells at the metastatic site are primarily epithelial, and it is believed that they differentiate back to an epithelial state by a process called mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET). However, there is little in vivo evidence to support the MET process. To investigate EMT and MET in vivo, we generated two epithelial (E) and two mesenchymal (M) primary clonal cell lines from a spontaneous mouse mammary tumor (Tg MMTV/neu). These cells were labeled with reporters (GFP and luciferase), and tracked in vivo during primary tumor growth and subsequent secondary metastasis. Once E cells were implanted into the mammary fat pad, E-cadherin expression progressively decreased and continued to decrease as the primary tumor enlarged over time. A greater percentage of E tumor cells expressed E-cadherin at the secondary metastatic site as compared to the corresponding primary tumor site. Collectively, these data provide direct in vivo evidence that epithelial tumor cells have metastatic potential, undergo EMT at the primary tumor site, and MET at the metastatic site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Palen
- Department of Pediatrics at the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | - James Weber
- Department of Pediatrics at the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | - Michael B. Dwinell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics at the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | - Bryon D. Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics at the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | - Ramani Ramchandran
- Department of Pediatrics at the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | - Jill A. Gershan
- Department of Pediatrics at the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
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21
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Iwata E, Hasegawa T, Takeda D, Ueha T, Kawamoto T, Akisue T, Sakai Y, Komori T. Transcutaneous carbon dioxide suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:1493-8. [PMID: 26846904 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common form of oral cancers. Recent studies have shown that the malignant transformation of various carcinomas, including OSCC, is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and that expression of the EMT factors are significantly associated with tumor invasion, tumor metastasis, and survival rates in OSCC patients. Hence, there is a possibility that EMT suppression may improve the prognosis of OSCC patients. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a crucial microenvironmental factor in tumor progression, which induces the expression of EMT factors. We previously reported that transcutaneous CO2 suppresses both human OSCC tumor growth and metastasis to the regional lymph nodes by improving hypoxia in treated tissue. According to this background, we hypothesized that increased EMT with HIF-1α expression may increase the progression and the metastatic potential of OSCC, and that decreased hypoxia by transcutaneous CO2 could suppress EMT. In the present study, in vitro studies showed that hypoxic conditions increased the expression of HIF-1α and EMT factors in OSCC cells. In addition, in vivo studies revealed that transcutaneous CO2 increased E-cadherin expression with the decreased expression of HIF-1α, Snail, Slug, N-cadherin, and Vimentin in tumor treatment. These results suggest that transcutaneous CO2 could suppress EMT by improving hypoxia, resulting in the reduction of metastatic potential of OSCC. The findings indicate that transcutaneous CO2 may be able to improve the prognosis of OSCC patients through the suppression of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Iwata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takumi Hasegawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takeda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ueha
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Teruya Kawamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Akisue
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshitada Sakai
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takahide Komori
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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22
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Takeyama E, Tanaka M, Fujishiro J, Kitagawa N, Iwanaka T, Tanaka Y. A case of alpha-fetoprotein-producing gastric cancer in a child presenting with rupture of multiple liver metastases. Pediatr Surg Int 2015; 31:885-8. [PMID: 26081312 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-015-3724-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We report a 14-year-old boy with alpha-fetoprotein-producing gastric cancer (AFPGC) who was found with ruptured metastatic tumor in the liver. AFPGC is exceedingly rare in pediatric age. It often shows metastases to the liver and should be included in differential diagnoses of liver tumors with increased serum AFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Takeyama
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Mutsukawa, 2-138-4, Minami-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 232-8555, Japan,
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23
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Lee AYL, Fan CC, Chen YA, Cheng CW, Sung YJ, Hsu CP, Kao TY. Curcumin Inhibits Invasiveness and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Through Reducing Matrix Metalloproteinase 2, 9 and Modulating p53-E-Cadherin Pathway. Integr Cancer Ther 2015; 14:484-90. [DOI: 10.1177/1534735415588930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypotheses. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasion play a critical role in cancer progression and metastasis. We have shown that low E-cadherin and high Twist expression are significantly correlated with prognostic survival prediction in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study aimed to determine the anti-invasive effect of curcumin on the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and of EMT regulators in OSCC. Methods. SCC-25 cells were treated with curcumin, and cell proliferation, invasion, and expression of MMPs and EMT regulators were assessed for cell viability by trypan blue exclusion, for invasion by Matrigel invasion chamber, and for EMT regulators and MMP changes in the levels of proteins by immunoblotting. Results. Our data showed that curcumin treatment not only decreased the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 to inhibit invasiveness in oral cancer but also modulated the expression of EMT markers, such as Snail, Twist, and E-cadherin, and induced p53 expression that is crucial to EMT repression. Conclusion. Curcumin has the potential to become an adjunctive regimen for the prevention of cancer progression and metastasis in oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Yueh-Luen Lee
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chen Fan
- Mackay Memorial Hospital Taipei, Taiwan
- Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yen-An Chen
- Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Wen Cheng
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ju Sung
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ping Hsu
- Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Kao
- Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Schildberg CW, Abba M, Merkel S, Agaimy A, Dimmler A, Schlabrakowski A, Croner R, Leupold JH, Hohenberger W, Allgayer H. Gastric cancer patients less than 50 years of age exhibit significant downregulation of E-cadherin and CDX2 compared to older reference populations. Adv Med Sci 2014; 59:142-6. [PMID: 24797991 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is an increasing need to identify molecular markers, which can be used to prognosticate patient populations in gastric cancer. Whereas a significant number have been identified, very few have been characterized in the context of their ability to discriminate between young and old age groups in which a survival difference clearly exists. MATERIAL/METHODS In this study, using immunohistochemistry, we evaluated three markers with proven involvement in gastric cancer. The p53 tumor suppressor, the cell adhesion glycoprotein epithelial cadherin (CDH1) and the caudal-related homeobox transcription factor (CDX2) all of these have important roles in the aetiopathogenesis and/or progression of gastric cancer. RESULTS After adjustments for TNM stage, tumor grade, histopathological characteristics (Lauren classification), we found significant differences in the expression of these proteins, particularly E-cadherin and CDX2 between young and elderly patients. However, these differences did not amount to a significant difference in survival. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the protein expression of p53, CDH1 and CDX2 significantly discriminates young patients with gastric cancer who have a better prognostic outlook from older patients, but this difference in expression does not contribute to a survival benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed Abba
- Department of Experimental Surgery and Molecular Oncology of Solid Tumors, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg and DKFZ Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Merkel
- Cancer Registry, Department of Surgery, University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Abbas Agaimy
- Institute of Pathology, University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arno Dimmler
- Department of Pathology, St. Vincentius Hospital, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Roland Croner
- Department of Surgery, University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg Hendrik Leupold
- Department of Experimental Surgery and Molecular Oncology of Solid Tumors, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg and DKFZ Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Heike Allgayer
- Department of Experimental Surgery and Molecular Oncology of Solid Tumors, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg and DKFZ Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Ayed-Guerfali DB, Hassairi B, Khabir A, Sellami-Boudawara T, Gargouri A, Mokdad-Gargouri R. Expression of APC, β-catenin and E-cadherin in Tunisian patients with gastric adenocarcinoma: clinical significance. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:1775-83. [PMID: 24197976 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1236-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the Wnt signalling pathway is a key feature of many cancers. β-Catenin, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and E-cadherin are major players in this pathway. The aim of this study is to examine the expression of β-catenin, APC and E-cadherin in tumour tissues of 80 Tunisian patients with gastric carcinoma and to determine the methylation status of the APC promoter in tumour tissues. Associations between protein expression and clinico-pathological parameters, including prognosis, were performed. Positive expression of β-catenin, APC and E-cadherin was observed in 77.5, 68.7 and 60% of cases, respectively. Tumours lacking membranous expression of β-catenin had greater extent of lymph node metastasis, poor differentiation and advanced T-stage. The expression of E-cadherin correlated with poor differentiation (P = 0.05) and β-catenin expression (P = 0.004). With regards to prognosis, the overall survival time was significantly prolonged for patients showing normal β-catenin expression (exclusively or predominantly membranous staining) alone or combined with positive APC expression (P log rank = 0.008 and 0.003, respectively). The methylated pattern of APC promoter 1A was detected in 43.8% of cases and correlated with T-stage (P = 0.046) and distant metastasis (P = 0.037). No correlation was found between the methylated profile of APC promoter 1A and the expression of APC protein in tumour tissues. Our findings suggest that deregulation of the Wnt pathway via abnormal expression of β-catenin and E-cadherin occurred frequently in gastric carcinoma and correlated with worse clinical behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorra Ben Ayed-Guerfali
- Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Street Km 6, BP 1177, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
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Fan CC, Wang TY, Cheng YA, Jiang SS, Cheng CW, Lee AY, Kao TY. Expression of E-cadherin, Twist, and p53 and their prognostic value in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2013; 139:1735-44. [PMID: 23990016 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-013-1499-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and p53 play important roles in controlling cancer invasion and metastasis. However, discrepancies still exist in the relationship between the expression of an epithelial marker E-cadherin and predicting short survival of patients in many types of cancer. In this study, we aimed to determine the levels of E-cadherin, Twist, and p53 in tumor tissues from patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and their clinical significances. METHODS The protein expression of 112 OSCC tumor and 16 benign tissues was examined by immunohistochemistry staining. Overall survival rates of 112 OSCC patients were measured using Kaplan-Meier estimates and the log-rank tests. RESULTS E-cadherin and p53 downregulation were found in 70 of 112 (62.5 %) and 66 of 112 (59.0 %), respectively, and Twist overexpression was found in 72 of 112 (64.3 %) studied cases of OSCC patients. Expression of E-cadherin was significantly associated with tumor location (P = 0.004) and mortality (P = 0.010). Patients with lower E-cadherin expression (P = 0.024), betel quid chewing (P = 0.006), smoking (P = 0.001), tumor size >2 cm (P = 0.001), advanced tumor stage (P = 0.043), and recurrence (P < 0.001) exhibited a poorer outcome. Multivariate analysis showed that E-cadherin is an independent marker for survival prediction. Additionally, low E-cadherin expression is significantly correlated with low p53 expression. CONCLUSIONS E-cadherin is an independent marker for survival prediction in OSCC. Co-evaluation of E-cadherin and p53 expression might be a valuable tool for predicting OSCC patient outcome.
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Anbiaee R, Mojir Sheibani K, Torbati P, Jaam H. Abnormal expression of e-cadherin in gastric adenocarcinoma, and its correlation with tumor histopathology and helicobacter pylori infection. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2013; 15:218-22. [PMID: 23984001 PMCID: PMC3745750 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.4032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2012] [Revised: 07/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is one of the leading cancers in the world especially in Iran. There are many genomic and molecular factors that cause gastric cancer to occur, and also there are many markers that associate with tumor invasiveness. E-cadherin is a tumor suppressor gene which produces E-cadherin transmembrane protein, a molecule which plays an important role in adhesion and differentiation of epithelial cells. OBJECTIVES In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of abnormal E-cadherin expression in Iranian patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, and tried to find its correlation with H. pylori infection and tumor histopathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS A historical cohort survey was performed on tissue samples obtained from 95 total or partial gastrectomy with gastric adenocarcinoma. The immunohistochemistry and Giemsa staining were used to assess E-cadherin expression, and H- pylori infection respectively. The association between abnormal E-cadherin expression and tumor histopathology characteristics include depth of tumor invasion, tumor differentiation, tumor phenotype, tumor type, tumor size, neurovascular invasion of tumor, and regional lymph node involvement and H- pylori infection and patient's age and sex, were evaluated in all patients. RESULTS Abnormal E-cadherin expression was noted in 38% of patients, and 59% of patients were infected with H-pylori. A significant correlation was seen between abnormal E-cadherin expression, and tumor grade and regional lymph node involvement. We could not find any significant association between abnormal E-cadherin expression and H- pylori infection, patient's age and sex, tumor phenotype, tumor type, depth of tumor invasion, tumor size, and neurovascular invasion of tumor. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal E-cadherin expression is a common phenomenon in gastric adenocarcinoma. The study showed a significant correlation between abnormal E-cadherin expression and tumor grade and regional lymph node involvement; so, abnormal E-cadherin expression may be used as a predictive factor for tumor invasiveness in gastric adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robab Anbiaee
- Oncology Department, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Robab Anbiaee, Radiotherapy and Oncology Department, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-2173430001, Fax: +98-2177552056, E-mail:
| | - Khosrow Mojir Sheibani
- Radiotherapy and Oncology Department, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Peyman Torbati
- Department of Pathology, Labafi Nejad Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Hanieh Jaam
- Department of Pathology, Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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Sun GY, Wu JX, Wu JS, Pan YT, Jin R. Caveolin-1, E-cadherin and β-catenin in Gastric Carcinoma, Precancerous Tissues and Chronic Non-atrophic Gastritis. Chin J Cancer Res. 2012;24:23-28. [PMID: 23359759 DOI: 10.1007/s11670-012-0023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expressions of caveolin-1, E-cadherin and β-catenin in gastric carcinoma, precancerous gastric and chronic non-atrophic gastritis tissues, and evaluate the correlation of these expressions with the development of gastric cancer. METHODS The expressions of caveolin-1, E-cadherin and β-catenin were detected by biotin-streptavidin- peroxidase (SP) immunohistochemistry on 58 gastric cancer tissues, 40 precancerous gastric tissues and 42 chronic non-atrophic gastritis tissues. The correlation between the expressions of caveolin-1, E-cadherin and β-catenin, and the clinicopathologic parameters of gastric cancer was analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS The positive rates of caveolin-1 and E-cadherin expressions in gastric carcinoma were significantly lower than precancerous gastric and chronic non-atrophic gastritis tissues (P<0.01). An abnormal rate of β-catenin expression in gastric carcinoma was higher than precancerous gastric and chronic non-atrophic gastritis tissues (P<0.01). Moreover, low expressions of caveolin-1, E-cadherin and β-catenin correlated with tumor size, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage (P<0.05). The positive rates of caveolin-1 and E-cadherin expressions decreased (P<0.01), while an abnormal rate of β-catenin expression increased inversely, with the degree of atypical hyperplasia (P<0.01). Caveolin-1 expression correlated positively with E-cadherin (r=0.41, P<0.05). Caveolin-1 (r=-0.36, P<0.05) and E-cadherin (r=-0.45, P<0.05) expressions negatively correlated with abnormal β-catenin expression. CONCLUSION These results suggested that dysregulated expressions of caveolin-1, E-cadherin and β-catenin correlated with the development of gastric cancer and its biological behavior.
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Bria E, De Manzoni G, Beghelli S, Tomezzoli A, Barbi S, Di Gregorio C, Scardoni M, Amato E, Frizziero M, Sperduti I, Corbo V, Brunelli M, Bersani S, Tortora G, Scarpa A. A clinical-biological risk stratification model for resected gastric cancer: prognostic impact of Her2, Fhit, and APC expression status. Ann Oncol 2012; 24:693-701. [PMID: 23131390 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mds506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To obtain a prognostic stratification model for resected gastric cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Clinicopathological and molecular data (expression of Cdx2, Apc, β-catenin, E-cadherin, Fhit, p53, and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (Her2); HER2 and TOPO2A gene copy number; PIK3CA mutations; microsatellite instability) were correlated to cancer-specific/overall survival (CSS/OS) using a Cox model. Individual patient probability (IPP) was estimated by logistic equation. A continuous score to identify risk-classes was derived according to the model ratios. RESULTS Two-hundred eight patients were studied (median follow-up 20 months). At multivariate analysis, sex, stage, margins, location, nodes, Apc, and Fhit were independent predictors for CSS; the same factors (and age and Her2, except Fhit) predicted OS. Multivariate model predicted IPP with high prognostic accuracy (0.90 for CSS; 0.91 for OS). A two-class model significantly separated low- and high-risk patients for CSS (23.4% and 85.6%, P < 0.0001) and OS (21.4% and 82.0%, P < 0.0001). A three-class model differentiated low-, intermediate-, and high-risk patients for CSS (6.3%, 35.3%, and 88.0%, P < 0.0001) and OS (6.1%, 34.6%, and 86.5%, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS A risk classification system comprising the immunohistochemical expression of three proteins (Apc, Fhit, and Her2) and five clinicopathological parameters (stage, resected nodes, margins, location, and sex) accurately separates the resected gastric cancer patients into three classes of risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bria
- ARC-NET the Miriam Cherubini Loro, Applied Research on Cancer Center
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Lastraioli E, Romoli MR, Arcangeli A. Immunohistochemical biomarkers in gastric cancer research and management. Int J Surg Oncol 2012; 2012:868645. [PMID: 22778942 DOI: 10.1155/2012/868645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 04/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer still represents a major health problem, despite a decrease in its incidence in the last years. Due to the social impact of gastric cancer (GC), there is a need for novel biomarkers in order to stratify patients into appropriate screening, surveillance, or treatment programs. Although histopathology remains the most reliable and less expensive method, numerous efforts have been made searching for novel biomarkers. In recent years, several molecules have been identified and tested for their clinical relevance in GC management. In this paper, we will focus on a well-known GC marker, whose determination is mandatory in GC, HER2, a marker whose correlation with prognosis is still controversial (VEGF-A) and a quite novel, unconventional marker, the ether-à-go-go-related gene 1 (hERG1). All these proteins can be easily detected with immunohistochemistry, a technique widely used both in diagnostic and research laboratories that represents a link between surgical and molecular pathology, basic science, and clinical medicine.
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Kamikihara T, Ishigami S, Arigami T, Matsumoto M, Okumura H, Uchikado Y, Kita Y, Kurahara H, Kijima Y, Ueno S, Natsugoe S. Clinical implications of N-cadherin expression in gastric cancer. Pathol Int 2012; 62:161-6. [PMID: 22360503 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2011.02774.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neo-expression of N-cadherin in cancer cells is regarded as a significant event in tumor progression via epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). No reports have detailed the clinical impact of N-cadherin expression in gastric cancer. We retrospectively examined the co-expression of N-cadherin and E-cadherin in human gastric carcinoma and analyzed the clinicopathological significance of N-cadherin expression. One hundred and forty-six gastric cancer patients who received curative gastrectomy were enrolled. E-cadherin and N-cadherin immunoreactivity in cancer tissue was evaluated by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique. The correlation between N-cadherin and E-cadherin expression and clinicopathological parameters were analyzed. N-cadherin-positive and -negative expression were found in 31 and 115 patients, respectively. N-cadherin expression positively correlated with hematogenous recurrence (P < 0.01) and negatively correlated with patients' postoperative outcomes (P < 0.05). Moreover, only in the E-cadherin-preserved group was prognostic significance found according to N-cadherin expression (P < 0.01). We could not show a significant relationship between N-cadherin expression and EMT in gastric cancer. However, neo N-cadherin expression significantly affected patient's survival in gastric cancer. Therefore, we concluded that neo N-cadherin expression may be a useful prognostic marker independent of E-cadherin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Kamikihara
- Digestive Surgery, Surgical Oncology, Kagoshima University School of Medicine, Kagoshima, Japan
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Hou F, Yuan W, Huang J, Qian L, Chen Z, Ge J, Wu S, Chen J, Wang J, Chen Z. Overexpression of EphA2 correlates with epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related proteins in gastric cancer and their prognostic importance for postoperative patients. Med Oncol 2011; 29:2691-700. [PMID: 22189617 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-011-0127-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The expression of EphA2 and three epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related proteins (E-cadherin, β-catenin and vimentin) was detected by immunohistochemistry in human gastric cancer and normal gastric mucosa. The expression of EphA2 and vimentin was significantly higher in gastric cancer tissues than in normal gastric mucosa tissues, and similar results were found for negative E-cadherin expression and ectopic β-catenin expression. Further analysis showed that the expression of EphA2 was closely correlated with the depth of tumor invasion, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stages and lymph node metastasis. Down-regulated expression of the epithelial protein E-cadherin, overexpression of the mesenchymal protein vimentin and ectopic expression of β-catenin were associated with the depth of tumor invasion, tumor differentiation, TNM stages and lymph node metastasis. The Spearman rank test indicated that the positive expression of EphA2 was negatively associated with E-cadherin expression and was positively correlated with β-catenin ectopic expression and vimentin expression. In addition, the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the overexpression of EphA2 and vimentin, ectopic expression of β-catenin and down-regulation of E-cadherin indicate a poor outcome. Moreover, multivariate Cox analysis showed that TNM stages, lymph node metastasis, EphA2 expression, E-cadherin expression and β-catenin ectopic expression were independent prognostic factors for postoperative gastric cancer. These findings indicate that the overexpression of EphA2 correlates with the loss of epithelial proteins and the appearance of mesenchymal proteins. Therefore, EphA2 may play a role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Futao Hou
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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Demicco EG, Farris AB 3rd, Baba Y, Agbor-Etang B, Bergethon K, Mandal R, Daives D, Fukuoka J, Shimizu M, Dias-Santagata D, Ogino S, Iafrate AJ, Gaissert HA, Mino-Kenudson M. The dichotomy in carcinogenesis of the distal esophagus and esophagogastric junction: intestinal-type vs cardiac-type mucosa-associated adenocarcinoma. Mod Pathol 2011; 24:1177-90. [PMID: 21572404 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2011.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus and esophagogastric junction continues to rise in incidence. An intestinal metaplasia (Barrett esophagus)-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence induced by gastroesophageal reflux disease is well established. However, a significant number of adenocarcinomas in the vicinity of the esophagogastric junction are seen in the background of gastric/cardiac-type mucosa without intestinal metaplasia. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of Barrett esophagus (intestinal-type mucosa) in the classification and prognosis of tumors of the distal esophagus and esophagogastric junction. Clinicopathological and molecular characteristics were examined in 157 consecutively resected adenocarcinomas of the distal esophagus and esophagogastric junction and were compared between tumors arising in association with intestinal-type and cardiac-type mucosa. Intestinal-type mucosa-associated adenocarcinomas were more likely to be associated with younger age (P=0.0057), reflux symptoms (P<0.0001), proximal location (P=0.0009), lower T stage (P<0.0001), fewer nodal metastases (P=0.0001), absence of lymphatic (P<0.0001), venous (P=0.0060) or perineural (P<0.0001) invasion. Histologically, intestinal-type mucosa-associated tumors were more likely to be low-grade glandular tumors (P=0.0095) of intestinal or mixed immunophenotype (P=0.015) and express nuclear β-catenin (P=0.0080), whereas tumors arising in a background of cardiac-type mucosa were more frequently associated with EGFR amplification (P=0.0051). Five-year overall survival rate was significantly higher in patients with intestinal-type mucosa-associated tumors (28 vs 9%, P=0.0015), although no survival benefit was seen after adjusting for potential confounders. Our findings support the theory that multiple distinct pathways of tumorigenesis exist in the vicinity of the esophagogastric junction, including one in which tumors arise from dysplastic intestinal metaplasia (intestinal pathway), and one potentially involving dysplasia of the cardiac-type mucosa (non-intestinal pathway). Additional studies are warranted to further clarify their pathogenesis and the molecular mechanisms involved.
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El-rahman AA, Mishriki ES, Shehab AA, Mona A. Therapeutic effect of pentoxifylline versus losartan on experimentally induced acute pancreatitis in adult albino rats: light and electron microscopic study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 34:606-19. [DOI: 10.1097/01.ehx.0000401367.91216.9d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ahmadi L, Kamkari S, Mokarram P, Lankarani KB, Tabibi N, Ashktorab H, Vasei M. HER-2/neu and E-cadherin Expression and Microsatellite Instability in Gastric Dysplasia. Middle East J Dig Dis 2011; 3:20-7. [PMID: 25197528 PMCID: PMC4154924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric dysplasia (GD) is a precursor lesion of gastric adenocarcinoma. Intestinal type gastric carcinoma commonly shows microsatellite instability (MSI) and the diffuse type is associated with down regulation of E-cadherin. HER-2/neu is over-expressed in some cases of gastric cancer. In this study, MSI and expression rates of HER-2/neu and E-cadherin in GD were evaluated. METHODS Paraffin blocks of 21 cases of low grade dysplasia (LD), 11 cases of high grade dysplasia (HD) and 25 cases of indefinite for dysplasia (ID) were collected. After deparaffinization and antigen retrieval, the sections were incubated with antibodies against E-cadherin, hMLH1, hMSH2 and HER-2/neu. The streptavidin-biotin complex method was used followed by peroxidase enzyme development with diaminobenzidine. RESULTS HER-2/neu was positive in six cases of HD (50%), four LD (21%) and two ID (9%). E-cadherin was absent in two cases of LD and showed normal expression in all HD and ID cases. hMLH1 expression was absent or markedly decreased only in the zones of dysplasia in HD (3/11), LD (3/21) and ID (4/25). Absence or diminished expression of hMSH2 was seen in HD (3/11), LD (2/21) and ID (3/25) cases. HER-2/neu expression showed close association with diminished expression of hMLH1 or hMSH2 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Stepwise increase in the expression rate of HER-2/neu was seen in ID, LD and HD cases implying its role in cancer evolution. The absence of hMLH1 and hMSH2 in GD may predispose individuals to over-expression of other oncogenes such as HER-2/neu. Abnormal expression of E-cadherin is not a frequent finding in GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ahmadi
- 1Department of Pathology, Shiraz Institute of Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S Kamkari
- 1Department of Pathology, Shiraz Institute of Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - P Mokarram
- 2Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz University, Medical Sciences, Shiraz Iran
| | - K Bagheri Lankarani
- 3Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Health Research, Shiraz University ofMedical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - N Tabibi
- 1Department of Pathology, Shiraz Institute of Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - H Ashktorab
- 4Department of Medicine, Howard University College of Medicine, 2041 Georgia avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20060.
| | - M Vasei
- 5Department of Pathology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
,Corresponding Author: Mohammad Vasei, MD Department of Pathology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Fax: + 98 21 82415400 Tehran, Iran Tel: + 98 21 84902205
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Kim JH, Eom DY, Kim CW, Choi NK, Kwak JH, Choi GM, Jang HJ, Han MS. Expression of E-cadherin, β-catenin, Cdx2 and MMP7 in pT2 and N1/N2 Gastric Cancer: Relationship with Tumor Recurrence within 2-Year Period. J Korean Surg Soc 2011. [DOI: 10.4174/jkss.2011.80.1.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Kim
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Dae Yoon Eom
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Chan Wook Kim
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Nam Kyu Choi
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Jin Ho Kwak
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Gun Moo Choi
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Hyuck Jae Jang
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Myung Sik Han
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Gangneung, Korea
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Netherton SJ, Bonni S. Suppression of TGFβ-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition like phenotype by a PIAS1 regulated sumoylation pathway in NMuMG epithelial cells. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13971. [PMID: 21103059 PMCID: PMC2980481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) is a fundamental cellular process that is critical for normal development and tumor metastasis. The transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) is a potent inducer of EMT like effects, but the mechanisms that regulate TGFβ-induced EMT remain incompletely understood. Using the widely employed NMuMG mammary epithelial cells as a model to study TGFβ-induced EMT, we report that TGFβ downregulates the levels of the SUMO E3 ligase PIAS1 in cells undergoing EMT. Gain and loss of function analyses indicate that PIAS1 acts in a SUMO ligase dependent manner to suppress the ability of TGFβ to induce EMT in these cells. We also find that TGFβ inhibits sumoylation of the PIAS1 substrate SnoN, a transcriptional regulator that antagonizes TGFβ-induced EMT. Accordingly, loss of function mutations of SnoN sumoylation impair the ability of SnoN to inhibit TGFβ-induced EMT in NMuMG cells. Collectively, our findings suggest that PIAS1 is a novel negative regulator of EMT and reveal that inhibition of the PIAS1-SnoN sumoylation pathway represents a key mechanism by which TGFβ induces EMT, with important implications in normal development and tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J. Netherton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shirin Bonni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Guo T, Lee SS, Ng WH, Zhu Y, Gan CS, Zhu J, Wang H, Huang S, Sze SK, Kon OL. Global molecular dysfunctions in gastric cancer revealed by an integrated analysis of the phosphoproteome and transcriptome. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2011;68:1983-2002. [PMID: 20953656 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0545-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Revised: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We integrated LC-MS/MS-based and protein antibody array-based proteomics with genomics approaches to investigate the phosphoproteome and transcriptome of gastric cancer cell lines and endoscopic gastric biopsies from normal subjects and patients with benign gastritis or gastric cancer. More than 3,000 non-redundant phosphorylation sites in over 1,200 proteins were identified in gastric cancer cells. We correlated phosphoproteome data with transcriptome data sets and reported the expression of 41 protein kinases, 5 phosphatases and 65 phosphorylated mitochondrial proteins in gastric cancer cells. Transcriptional expression levels of 190 phosphorylated proteins were >2-fold higher in gastric cancer cells compared to normal stomach tissue. Pathway analysis demonstrated over-presentation of DNA damage response pathway and underscored critical roles of phosphorylated p53 in gastric cancer. This is the first study to comprehensively report the gastric cancer phosphoproteome. Integrative analysis of the phosphoproteome and transcriptome provided an expansive view of molecular signaling pathways in gastric cancer.
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Czyzewska J, Guzińska-Ustymowicz K, Ustymowicz M, Pryczynicz A, Kemona A. The expression of E-cadherin-catenin complex in patients with advanced gastric cancer: role in formation of metastasis. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2010; 48:37-45. [PMID: 20529814 DOI: 10.2478/v10042-010-0017-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The E-cadherin-catenin complex plays an important role in the process of cell adhesion. Its dysfunction is associated with a decrease in cell differentiation and with increased invasiveness and metastasis. Our aim was to evaluate the expression of E-cadherin and B-catenin in advanced gastric cancer in relation to selected clinico-pathomorphological parameters. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens were immunohistochemically stained with monoclonal antibodies E-cadherin (NCL-E-Cad, Novocastra Laboratiries Ltd; dilution 1:50), beta-catenin (NCL-B-CAT, Novocastra Laboratories Ltd; dilution 1:100), alpha-catenin (alpha-E-caten, Santa Cruz Biotechnology; dilution 1:300) and gamma-catenin (gamma-catenin, Santa Cruz Biotechnology; dilution 1:100). The expressions of E-cadherin and alpha-, beta-, gamma-catenins in the main mass of tumor and lymph node metastasis were investigated in 91 patients with gastric cancer. No statistically significant correlation was observed between the expressions of E-cadherin, alpha-, beta-catenins and histological differentiation and between the expressions of E-cadherin, alpha-, gamma-catenins and location or depth of invasion. Moreover, the expression of alpha-, gamma-catenins in the main mass of tumor was not associated with lymph node metastasis. However, we found a relationship between the expression of beta-catenin in the main mass of tumor and lymph node metastasis and tumor location. The depth of invasion was correlated with positive expression of beta-catenin in the main mass of gastric cancer. A statistically significant association was observed between the expressions of E-cadherin and beta-catenin in the main mass of tumor and lymph node involvement. The expression of alpha-catenin in the main mass of tumor was also associated with histological differentiation and Lauren's classification. Statistical analysis showed an association between the expression of E-cadherin and postoperative survival time. No significant correlation was found between the expression of alpha-, beta-, gamma-catenins and survival time. Our results may suggest that the E-cadherin-catenin complex is the factor indicative of metastasis and disease progression in gastric cancer. Also the expression of E-cadherin may play a role as a prognostic factor.
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Saad AA, Awed NM, Abd Elkerim NNA, El-Shennawy D, Alfons MA, Elserafy ME, Darwish YW, Barakat EMF, Ezz-Elarab SS. Prognostic significance of E-cadherin expression and peripheral blood micrometastasis in gastric carcinoma patients. Ann Surg Oncol 2010; 17:3059-67. [PMID: 20563657 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-010-1151-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary objective is to evaluate the prognostic value of E-cadherin (E-cad) expression and peripheral blood micrometastasis (PBMM) in gastric carcinoma. Secondary objective is to study the association between these 2 markers and the clinicopathological features of the patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study took place at Ain Shams University Hospitals. A total of 30 patients with histologically proven gastric adenocarcinoma after curative surgical resection were enrolled in this study. E-cad expression was assessed in tumor tissue samples. Before the start of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, fresh blood samples were collected to detect PBMM as indicated by cytokeratin18 mRNA expression using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR). RESULTS Both abnormal E-cad expression and PBMM were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, and lymphatic invasion. Moreover, PBMM was significantly associated with poor tissue differentiation and vascular invasion (P < .05). We found strong agreement between E-cad expression and presence of PBMM (P = .001). Both cases with altered E-cad expression and cases with positive PPMM showed shorter relapse-free survival (RFS) (P = .003 and <.001, respectively). Cox regression analysis showed that positive PBMM was independent predictor factor for relapse (hazard ratio [HR] = 6.14; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.06-35.63; P = .04). Cases with positive PBMM showed shorter overall survival (OS) (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, loss of normal E-cad expression in gastric cancer showed a close correlation with the presence of PBMM. PBMM was associated with poor RFS independent of other clinicopathological features. Additionally, detection of PBMM was a significant indicator of OS, and intensive chemotherapy seems to be indicated for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer A Saad
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Kim B, Byun SJ, Kim YA, Kim JE, Lee BL, Kim WH, Chang MS. Cell cycle regulators, APC/beta-catenin, NF-kappaB and Epstein-Barr virus in gastric carcinomas. Pathology 2010; 42:58-65. [PMID: 20025482 DOI: 10.3109/00313020903356392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the clinicopathological value of cell cycle regulators, the Wnt pathway, the NF-betaB pathway and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and to assess their relationships in gastric carcinoma. METHODS We investigated cell cycle regulators (p53, p21, Rb), APC, beta-catenin and NF-kappaB using immunohistochemistry and EBV using in situ hybridisation for EBV encoded small RNAs in 117 cases of gastric carcinoma. RESULTS p53 overexpression was more frequently observed in advanced gastric carcinoma and lymph node metastasis than in early carcinoma or in the absence of metastasis (p < 0.05). p21 loss was positively correlated with APC loss, but inversely correlated with beta-catenin nuclear accumulation and NF-kappaB positivity (p < 0.05). EBV positive gastric carcinomas were located in the upper third of the stomach, and more were of the diffuse or mixed types than the EBV negative group (p < 0.05). EBV infection was positively correlated with p21 loss and APC loss and inversely correlated with beta-catenin alteration (p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, patient age, TNM stage and p53 were independent prognostic factors for gastric carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS p53 status is a prognostic marker for gastric carcinoma. p21, APC, beta-catenin and NF-kappaB may be functionally interrelated in gastric carcinogenesis. Loss of p21 and APC may be involved in the carcinogenesis of EBV positive gastric carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bomi Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Yu X, Xu Q, Gong Y, Dong N, Yuan Y. Detection in situ of E-cadherin, β-catenin, TCF4 and CDX2 in various gastric diseases. Chin J Cancer Res 2009; 21:185-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s11670-009-0185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Silva EM, Begnami MD, Fregnani JHTG, Pelosof AG, Zitron C, Montagnini AL, Soares FA. Cadherin-catenin adhesion system and mucin expression: a comparison between young and older patients with gastric carcinoma. Gastric Cancer 2009; 11:149-59. [PMID: 18825309 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-008-0468-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2007] [Accepted: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young patients are thought to develop gastric carcinomas with a molecular genetic profile that is distinct from that of gastric carcinomas occurring at a later age. The aim of this study was to compare the clinicopathological features and expression patterns of the markers E-cadherin and beta-catenin, and mucins (MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6) in young and older patients. METHODS The clinicopathological features and overall survival data of 62 young patients (age <or=40 years) with gastric cancer were retrospectively reviewed from hospital records and compared with the data for 453 older patients (age >40 years). A tissue microarray method and immunohistochemistry were used in order to analyze marker expression in paraffin-embedded tissue blocks obtained from both groups. RESULTS The young group presented a higher percentage of diffuse-type tumors in comparison to the older group (P<0.01). The rates of positivity for E-cadherin and beta-catenin membranous expression patterns and mucin (MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC6) positivity were higher in the young group (P<0.01). Although young patients showed a lower frequency of alterations in marker expression and had significantly better survival rates than the older patients, neither age nor the marker expression pattern were found to be independent prognostic factors of survival. Only stage, tumor size, and tumor location persisted as prognostic factors for patients with gastric cancer. CONCLUSION Biological markers of cellular adhesion and gastric differentiation were differently expressed in young and older patients. Our findings support the hypothesis that young patients develop carcinomas with a different genetic pathway compared to the pathway of tumors occurring at a later age, and we suggest further investigations to assess the prognostic relevance of the markers to specific subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edaise M Silva
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Hospital AC Camargo, Rua Antonio Prudente, 109-1o Andar, São Paulo 01509-010, Brazil
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Zali MR, Moaven O, Asadzadeh Aghdaee H, Ghafarzadegan K, Ahmadi KJ, Farzadnia M, Arabi A, Abbaszadegan MR. Clinicopathological significance of E-cadherin, β-catenin and p53 expression in gastric adenocarinoma. J Res Med Sci 2009; 14:239-47. [PMID: 21772890 PMCID: PMC3129111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2008] [Accepted: 05/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND E-cadherin/catenin complexes exert a role in cell adhesion. β-catenin is a key player in Wnt signaling pathway in gastric cancer. P53 is a tumor suppressor gene which also regulates apoptosis. We assessed the expression of E-cadherin, β-catenin and p53 in gastric adenocarcinoma, and their correlations with clinicopathological features. METHODS Fifty six formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival specimens of gastric adenocarcinoma were randomly included as cases. Adjacent tumor-free gastric mucosa of different premalignant stages was obtained from the cases. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to assess E-cadherin, β-catenin and p53 expression. RESULTS All chronic atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia revealed normal membranous staining. Only one patient with dysplasia had abnormal expression of E-cadherin and β-Catenin. Abnormal E-cadherin, β-catenin and p53 expression was found in 50%, 48.2% and 76.8% of cancer specimens respectively. Abnormal expression of E-cadherin was significantly correlated with aberrant β-catenin expression. Abnormal E-cadherin and β-catenin expression were significantly correlated with depth of tumor invasion and advanced gastric cancer (p < 0.05), lower degree of differentiation and diffused tumor type (p < 0.001). Node metastasis was not influenced by abnormal expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin. P53 was not associated with clinicopathological variables. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal expression of the E-cadherin and β-catenin were associated with each other and influenced by histogenesis of gastric cancer and malignant behavior of tumor but not significant in premalignant lesions. They are more frequent in diffuse type and associated with advanced gastric cancer. P53 alterations are more frequent in the Iranian population compared with others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Zali
- Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease (RCGLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omeed Moaven
- Division of Human Genetics, Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaee
- Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease (RCGLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Ghafarzadegan
- Department of Pathology, Omid Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Jami Ahmadi
- Department of New Techniques and Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Farzadnia
- Department of Pathology, Imam-Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azadeh Arabi
- Division of Human Genetics, Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan
- Division of Human Genetics, Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Corresponding Author E-mail:
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Arima Y, Inoue Y, Shibata T, Hayashi H, Nagano O, Saya H, Taya Y. Rb depletion results in deregulation of E-cadherin and induction of cellular phenotypic changes that are characteristic of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Cancer Res 2008; 68:5104-12. [PMID: 18593909 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-5680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (Rb) is mutated or expressed at very low levels in several tumor types, including retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma, as well as small cell lung, colon, prostate, bladder, and breast carcinomas. Loss or reduction of Rb expression is seen most commonly in high-grade breast adenocarcinomas, suggesting that a relationship may exist between loss of Rb function and a less-differentiated state, increased proliferation, and high metastatic potential. In this study, we found that knockdown of Rb by small interfering RNA in MCF7 breast cancer cells disrupts cell-cell adhesion and induces a mesenchymal-like phenotype. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a key event in embryonic morphogenesis, is implicated in the metastasis of primary tumors. Additionally, Rb is decreased during growth factor- and cytokine-induced EMT and overexpression of Rb inhibits the EMT in MCF10A human mammary epithelial cells. Ectopic expression and knockdown of Rb resulted in increased or reduced expression of E-cadherin, which is specifically involved in epithelial cell-cell adhesion. Other EMT-related transcriptional factors, including Slug and Zeb-1, are also induced by Rb depletion. Furthermore, we confirmed that Rb binds to an E-cadherin promoter sequence in association with the transcription factor activator protein-2alpha. Finally, in breast cancer specimens, we observed a concurrent down-regulation of Rb and E-cadherin expression in mesenchymal-like invasive cancers. These findings suggest that Rb inactivation contributes to tumor progression due to not only loss of cell proliferation control but also conversion to an invasive phenotype and that the inhibition of EMT is a novel tumor suppressor function of Rb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Arima
- Radiobiology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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An JY, Kang TH, Choi MG, Noh JH, Sohn TS, Kim S. Borrmann type IV: an independent prognostic factor for survival in gastric cancer. J Gastrointest Surg 2008; 12:1364-9. [PMID: 18516653 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-008-0516-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2007] [Accepted: 03/26/2008] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Borrmann type IV gastric cancer has a poorer prognosis than other gastric carcinomas. This study compared the clinicopathological features of Borrmann type IV gastric cancer with those of other types of cancer and examined the significance of a Borrmann type IV carcinoma as a prognostic factor after gastrectomy. METHODS The clinicopathological features, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, and survival rates of 4,191 advanced gastric cancer patients, who had undergone a gastrectomy at the Samsung Medical Center between 1995 and 2005, were reviewed. RESULTS Borrmann type IV gastric cancer was found to be associated with more advanced and unfavorable clinicopathological features at diagnosis than the other cancers. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with Borrmann type IV cancer was 27.6%. In contrast, the 5-year survival rate of patients with the other types of cancer was 61.2%. The 5-year survival rate for each stage of Borrmann type IV gastric cancer and the other type gastric cancer was 61.0% and 88.8% for stage Ib (P < 0.001), 49.8% and 76.1% for stage II (P < 0.001), 36.4% and 55.1% for stage IIIa (P < 0.001), 15.2% and 38.5% for stage IIIb (P = 0.001), and 10.2% and 20.1% for stage IV (P = 0.008), respectively. Multivariate analyses revealed a Borrmann type IV carcinoma, the surgical extent, curability, tumor stage, including T, N, and M status, and adjuvant therapy to be independent prognostic factors for survival. CONCLUSION A Borrmann type IV carcinoma has unique clinicopathological features compared with other types of gastric carcinomas and is an important independent prognostic factor.
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Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a highly conserved process that has been well characterised in embryogenesis. Studies have shown that the aberrant activation of EMT in adult epithelia can promote tumour metastasis by repressing cell adhesion molecules, including epithelial (E)-cadherin. Reduced intracellular adhesion may allow tumour cells to disseminate and spread throughout the body. A number of transcription proteins of the Snail superfamily have been implicated in EMT. These proteins have been shown to be over-expressed in advanced gastrointestinal (GI) tumours including oesophageal adenocarcinomas, colorectal carcinomas, gastric and pancreatic cancers, with a concomitant reduction in the expression of E-cadherin. Regulators of EMT may provide novel clinical targets to detect GI cancers early, so that cancers previously associated with a poor prognosis such as pancreatic cancer can be diagnosed before they become inoperable. Furthermore, pharmacological therapies designed to inhibit these proteins will aim to prevent local and distant tumour invasion.
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Hahn-Strömberg V, Edvardsson H, Bodin L, Franzén L. Disturbed expression of E-cadherin, beta-catenin and tight junction proteins in colon carcinoma is unrelated to growth pattern and genetic polymorphisms. APMIS 2008; 116:253-62. [PMID: 18397460 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2008.00894.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion proteins are responsible for the structural integrity of epithelial tissue and in tumors this integrity is often lost, resulting in a disorganization of the tissue. In the present study the complexity of the invasive front of colon carcinomas was correlated with cell adhesion protein expression and with polymorphisms in their genes. A complexity index was constructed from 32 colon carcinomas using computer-assisted morphometry estimating fractal dimension and tumor cell clusters followed by tree analysis. Immunohistochemical staining of beta-catenin, E-cadherin, occludin and claudin 2 was used for assessment of protein expression. Genetic screening of tissue from the tumor invasion front with laser microdissection was performed using SSCP and DNA sequencing. Adhesion protein distribution was significantly disturbed in most carcinomas. A single mutation in the gene of beta-catenin was found but there was no correlation between protein expression and genetic polymorphism. Nor was there any correlation between the complexity of the invasive border and protein distribution or genetic alterations. The results indicate that the complexity of colon carcinoma invasion is not dependent on genetic derangements in the genes of adhesion proteins or the protein distribution. Rather, aberrations in the function of other proteins related to the adhesive proteins could be responsible.
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Abstract
For most carcinomas, progression toward malignancy is accompanied by loss of epithelial differentiation and a shift towards a mesenchymal phenotype. This process, referred to as epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), exacerbates motility and invasiveness of many cell types and is often considered a prerequisite for tumor infiltration and metastasis. However, there are numerous examples of advanced carcinomas that adopt some mesenchymal features, yet retain characteristics of well-differentiated epithelial cells. We provide a review of these reports and describe mechanisms to explain the morphologic and molecular heterogeneity and plasticity of malignant carcinoma cells, including incomplete EMT, reversion to an epithelial phenotype, and collective migration. We suggest that these mechanisms can manifest in a series of independent and reversible steps and that EMT represents just one mechanism in the global metastatic carcinoma development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Christiansen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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