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Taymour R, Kilian D, Ahlfeld T, Gelinsky M, Lode A. 3D bioprinting of hepatocytes: core-shell structured co-cultures with fibroblasts for enhanced functionality. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5130. [PMID: 33664366 PMCID: PMC7933206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84384-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
With the aim of understanding and recapitulating cellular interactions of hepatocytes in their physiological microenvironment and to generate an artificial 3D in vitro model, a co-culture system using 3D extrusion bioprinting was developed. A bioink based on alginate and methylcellulose (algMC) was first shown to be suitable for bioprinting of hepatocytes; the addition of Matrigel to algMC enhanced proliferation and morphology of them in monophasic scaffolds. Towards a more complex system that allows studying cellular interactions, we applied core-shell bioprinting to establish tailored 3D co-culture models for hepatocytes. The bioinks were specifically functionalized with natural matrix components (based on human plasma, fibrin or Matrigel) and used to co-print fibroblasts and hepatocytes in a spatially defined, coaxial manner. Fibroblasts acted as supportive cells for co-cultured hepatocytes, stimulating the expression of certain biomarkers of hepatocytes like albumin. Furthermore, matrix functionalization positively influenced both cell types in their respective compartments by enhancing their adhesion, viability, proliferation and function. In conclusion, we established a functional co-culture model with independently tunable compartments for different cell types via core-shell bioprinting. This provides the basis for more complex in vitro models allowing co-cultivation of hepatocytes with other liver-specific cell types to closely resemble the liver microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Taymour
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - David Kilian
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tilman Ahlfeld
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Lode
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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Qin Y, Shembrey C, Smith J, Paquet-Fifield S, Behrenbruch C, Beyit LM, Thomson BNJ, Heriot AG, Cao Y, Hollande F. Laminin 521 enhances self-renewal via STAT3 activation and promotes tumor progression in colorectal cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 476:161-169. [PMID: 32105676 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Remodeling of basement membrane proteins contributes to tumor progression towards the metastatic stage. One of these proteins, laminin 521 (LN521), sustains embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cell self-renewal, but its putative role in cancer is poorly described. In the present study we found that LN521 promotes colorectal cancer (CRC) cell self-renewal and invasion. siRNA-mediated knockdown of endogenously-produced laminin alpha 5, as well as treatment with neutralizing antibodies against integrin α3β1 and α6β1, were able to reverse the effect of LN521 on self-renewal. Exposure of CRC cells to LN521 enhanced STAT3 phosphorylation, and incubation with STAT3 inhibitors Napabucasin and Stattic was sufficient to block the LN521-driven self-renewal increase. Robust expression of laminin alpha 5 was detected in 7/10 liver metastases tissue sections collected from CRC patients as well as in mouse liver metastasis xenografts, in most cases within areas expressing metastasis cancer stem cell markers such as c-KIT and CD44v6. Finally, retrospective analysis of multiple CRC datasets highlighted the significant association between high LN521 mRNA expression and poor clinical outcome in colorectal cancer patients. Collectively our results indicate that high Laminin 521 expression is a frequent feature of metastatic dissemination in CRC and that it promotes cell invasion and self-renewal, the latter through engagement of integrin isoforms and activation of STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qin
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC3000, Australia; University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC3000, Australia
| | - Carolyn Shembrey
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC3000, Australia; University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC3000, Australia
| | - Jai Smith
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC3000, Australia; University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC3000, Australia
| | - Sophie Paquet-Fifield
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC3000, Australia; University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC3000, Australia
| | - Corina Behrenbruch
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC3000, Australia; University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC3000, Australia; Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Laura M Beyit
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC3000, Australia; University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC3000, Australia
| | - Benjamin N J Thomson
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC3010, Australia
| | - Alexander G Heriot
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Yuan Cao
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC3000, Australia; University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC3000, Australia
| | - Frédéric Hollande
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC3000, Australia; University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC3000, Australia.
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Brouillard F, Fritsch J, Edelman A, Ollero M. Contribution of proteomics to the study of the role of cytokeratins in disease and physiopathology. Proteomics Clin Appl 2012; 2:264-85. [PMID: 21136830 DOI: 10.1002/prca.200780018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cytokeratins (CKs), the most abundant group of cytoskeletal intermediate filaments, and proteomics are strongly connected. On the one hand, proteomics has been extremely useful to uncover new features and functions of CKs, on the other, the highly abundant CKs serve as an exceptional tool to test new technological developments in proteomics. As a result, proteomics has contributed to finding valuable associations of CKs with diseases as diverse as cancer, cystic fibrosis, steatohepatitis, viral and bacterial infection, keratoconus, vitreoretinopathy, preeclampsia or the chronic fatigue syndrome, as well as to characterizing their participation in a number of physiopathological processes, including drug resistance, response to toxicants, inflammation, stem cell differentiation, embryo development, and tissue repair. In some cases, like in cystic fibrosis, CKs have been described as potential therapeutic targets. The development of a specific field of proteomics where CKs become the main subject of research aims and hypotheses is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Brouillard
- INSERM, Unité 845, Paris, France; Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Université Paris-Descartes, Plateau Protéomes IFR94, Paris, France
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a heterogeneous disease of distinct clinical subgroups. A principal source of tumor heterogeneity may be cell type of origin, which in liver includes hepatocyte or adult stem/progenitor cells. To address this issue, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the fate of the enzyme-altered preneoplastic lesions in the resistant hepatocyte (RH) model. Sixty samples classified as focal lesions, adenoma, and early and advanced HCCs were microdissected after morphological and immunohistochemical evaluation and subjected to global gene expression profiling. The analysis of progression of the persistent glutathione S-transferase (GSTP)(+) focal lesions to fully developed HCC showed that approximately 50% of persistent nodules and all HCCs expressed cytokeratin 19 (CK19), whereas 14% of remodeling nodules were CK19(+). Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of the expression profiles also grouped the samples according to CK19 expression. Furthermore, supervised analysis using the differentially expressed genes in each cluster combined with gene connectivity tools identified 1308 unique genes and a predominance of the AP-1/JUN network in the CK19(+) lesions. In contrast, the CK19-negative cluster exhibited only limited molecular changes (156 differentially expressed genes versus normal liver) consistent with remodeling toward differentiated phenotype. Finally, comparative functional genomics showed a stringent clustering of CK19(+) early lesions and advanced HCCs with human HCCs characterized by poor prognosis. Furthermore, the CK19-associated gene expression signature accurately predicted patient survival (P < 0.009) and tumor recurrence (P < 0.006). CONCLUSION Our data establish CK19 as a prognostic marker of early neoplastic lesions and strongly suggest the progenitor derivation of HCC in the rat RH model. The capacity of CK19-associated gene signatures to stratify HCC patients according to clinical prognosis indicates the usefulness of the RH model for studies of stem/progenitor-derived HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper B. Andersen
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4255, USA
| | - Roberto Loi
- Department of Toxicology, Oncology and Molecular Pathology Unit, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Perra
- Department of Toxicology, Oncology and Molecular Pathology Unit, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Valentina M. Factor
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4255, USA
| | | | - Amedeo Columbano
- Department of Toxicology, Oncology and Molecular Pathology Unit, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy,Please contact either of the corresponding authors with questions regarding this manuscript
| | - Snorri S. Thorgeirsson
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4255, USA,Please contact either of the corresponding authors with questions regarding this manuscript
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Kara B, Daglioglu K, Doran F, Akkiz H, Sandikci M, Kara I. Expression of Mesenchymal, Hematopoietic, and Biliary Cell Markers in Adult Rat Hepatocytes After Partial Hepatectomy. Transplant Proc 2009; 41:4401-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2009.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Ou ZY, Zhou R, He YS. YVDD mutation of hepatitis B Virus, a dominant Lamivudine-resistant type in Guangzhou, South China. Virol Sin 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12250-008-2963-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Abstract
Laminin is a glycoprotein which has an important role in the mechanism of fibrogenesis and is, thus, related to hepatic fibrosis in addition to presenting increased levels in several types of neoplasias. However, its determination is not routinely considered in the study of hepatic fibrosis. In this review, the authors critically comment on the role of this glycoprotein compared to other markers of fibrosis through non-invasive procedures (Fibroscan). They also consider its clinical investigational potential and believe that the continuation of these investigations might contribute to a better understanding of the fibrogenic mechanism, which could in turn either lead to the identification of patients at risk of developing fibrosis non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) or at least be used as an indicator for hepatic biopsy in such patients. Finally, the authors believe that serum laminin determination might contribute to the diagnosis of epithelial tumor metastasis and peritoneal carcinomatosis.
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Abstract
The research on cancer stem cells is a new hot spot in at present. The hypothesis indicates cancer stem cells, which were possibly the origin of the cancer, come from normal stem cells. For their special characters, normal stem cells can differentiate into tumor cells more easily than adult cells. Stem cells transform into malignant cancer stem cells possibly because of gene mutation, abnormal asymmetry and cell fusion. It is a main method to obtain cancer stem cells by flow cytometer using different protein markers and fluorescent probes. It is demonstrated that cancer stem cells are very powerful in self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation. Targeting on cancer stem cells, early diagnosis for cancers might be achieved.
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Lin Y, Feng J, Yang D, Shen Y, Yan X. Suppression of human hepatoma growth in vivo by a monoclonal antibody against a Mr 45,000 protein. Cancer Invest 2006; 24:734-9. [PMID: 17162555 DOI: 10.1080/07357900601062347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The monoclonal antibody T2-2 was originally raised against the colorectal carcinoma cell line LS174T and was found to bind to several other human carcinomas, including hepatoma and ovarian cancer. The goal of this study was to investigate the antitumor activity of mAb T2-2 in human tumor models and further characterize the antigen. mAb T2-2 inhibited the growth of human hepatocellular cell line SMMC 7721 in vivo and in vitro. Western blot analysis revealed that this mAb recognizes an unique Mr 45,000 band from tissue extracts of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which localizes to the cell periphery. In vitro cell assays indicate that T2-2 decreases cell adhesion to laminin, implying the functional role of T2-2 antigen in cell-matrix interaction and cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecule, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.
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Li Y, Tang ZY, Tian B, Ye SL, Qin LX, Xue Q, Sun RX. Serum CYFRA 21-1 level reflects hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis: study in nude mice model and clinical patients. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2006; 132:515-20. [PMID: 16788845 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-006-0098-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2005] [Accepted: 02/21/2006] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Our previous proteomics study on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell strains revealed that cytokeratin 19 (CK19) was expressed in cells with high metastasis potential; we further studied serum CK19 fragment CYFRA 21-1 level in HCC patients and nude mice model of HCC metastasis. HCC cell line HCCLM3 was injected subcutaneously into 30 nude mice which were then randomized into 6 groups of 5 mice each. The murine serum CYFRA 21-1 and pulmonary metastases were determined 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 weeks after injection. Serum CYFRA 21-1 levels of 101 normal controls and 108 HCC patients were also determined. In nude mice model, CYFRA 21-1 level increased significantly when pulmonary metastases occurred. Among 108 HCC patients, 24 (22.2%) had increased serum CYFRA 21-1 level. The presence of portal vein tumor emboli was significantly higher in CYFRA 21-1 increased cases (33.3%, 6/24) than in CYFRA 21-1 normal cases (6.0%, 5/84) (x2=7.403, P < 0.01). In addition, the percentage of TNM stage III/IV tumor was significantly higher in CYFRA 21-1 increased patients (54.2%, 13/24) than in CYFRA 21-1 normal cases (21.4%, 18/84) (x2=9.776, P < 0.005). These results suggest that CK19 may play an important role in HCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University and Cancer Center of Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Abstract
Iron-mediated organ damage is common in patients with iron overload diseases, namely, hereditary hemochromatosis. Massive iron deposition in parenchymal organs, particularly in the liver, causes organ dysfunction, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and also hepatocellular carcinoma. To obtain deeper insight into the poorly understood and complex cellular response to iron overload and consequent oxidative stress, we studied iron overload in liver-derived HepG2 cells. Human hepatoma HepG2 cells were exposed to a high concentration of iron for 3 days, and protein expression changes initiated by the iron overload were studied by two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. From a total of 1,060 spots observed, 21 spots were differentially expressed by iron overload. We identified 19 of them; 11 identified proteins were upregulated, whereas 8 identified proteins showed a decline in response to iron overload. The differentially expressed proteins are involved in iron storage, stress response and protection against oxidative stress, protein folding, energy metabolism, gene expression, cell cycle regulation, and other processes. Many of these molecules have not been previously suggested to be involved in the response to iron overload and the consequent oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Petrak
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Abstract
AIM: To develop a simple and rapid detection of HBV gene variants and prediction of lamivudine-resistance in patients.
METHODS: Initially, plasmids harboring the wild-type or mutant HBV DNA fragments were used in a model system. The technique was then applied to clinical samples for an analysis of YMDD mutations. The sera were extracted from chronic hepatitis patients who had received lamivudine treatment for more than one year. P region gene of HBV was amplified by polymerase chain reaction. The excess primers and dNTPs in PCR products were removed by cleaning-up reagents. Template-directed dye-terminator incorporation reaction was performed and R110 or TAMRA labeled acyclo-terminator was added on the 3’ end of TDI-primer specifically. Fluorescence polarization value was measured with Victor 2 multilabel counter and the genotypes of HBV were analyzed.
RESULTS: The YMDD genotypes in recombined positive plasmid and 56 serum samples of HBV infected patients were analyzed by using our TDI-FP method and the specificity and sensitivity were confirmed by DNA sequencing. Five of 56 serum samples showed YVDD phenotype (9%), including 1 YMDD and YVDD mixed infection. Four of 56 showed YIDD phenotype (7.1%).
CONCLUSION: This is a simple, rapid, low cost and high throughput assay to detect HBV polymerase gene variants and suitable for large-scale screening and prediction of the lamivudine-resistance in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui-Jie Bai
- Institute of Genetic Diagnosis, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shannxi Province, China.
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