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Hickson J, Athayde LFA, Miranda TG, Junior PAS, Dos Santos AC, da Cunha Galvão LM, da Câmara ACJ, Bartholomeu DC, de Souza RDCM, Murta SMF, Nahum LA. Trypanosoma cruzi iron superoxide dismutases: insights from phylogenetics to chemotherapeutic target assessment. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:194. [PMID: 35668508 PMCID: PMC9169349 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05319-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Components of the antioxidant defense system in Trypanosoma cruzi are potential targets for new drug development. Superoxide dismutases (SODs) constitute key components of antioxidant defense systems, removing excess superoxide anions by converting them into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. The main goal of the present study was to investigate the genes coding for iron superoxide dismutase (FeSOD) in T. cruzi strains from an evolutionary perspective. Methods In this study, molecular biology methods and phylogenetic studies were combined with drug assays. The FeSOD-A and FeSOD-B genes of 35 T. cruzi strains, belonging to six discrete typing units (Tcl–TcVI), from different hosts and geographical regions were amplified by PCR and sequenced using the Sanger method. Evolutionary trees were reconstructed based on Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods. Drugs that potentially interacted with T. cruzi FeSODs were identified and tested against the parasites. Results Our results suggest that T. cruzi FeSOD types are members of distinct families. Gene copies of FeSOD-A (n = 2), FeSOD-B (n = 4) and FeSOD-C (n = 4) were identified in the genome of the T. cruzi reference clone CL Brener. Phylogenetic inference supported the presence of two functional variants of each FeSOD type across the T. cruzi strains. Phylogenetic trees revealed a monophyletic group of FeSOD genes of T. cruzi TcIV strains in both distinct genes. Altogether, our results support the hypothesis that gene duplication followed by divergence shaped the evolution of T. cruzi FeSODs. Two drugs, mangafodipir and polaprezinc, that potentially interact with T. cruzi FeSODs were identified and tested in vitro against amastigotes and trypomastigotes: mangafodipir had a low trypanocidal effect and polaprezinc was inactive. Conclusions Our study contributes to a better understanding of the molecular biodiversity of T. cruzi FeSODs. Herein we provide a successful approach to the study of gene/protein families as potential drug targets. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05319-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Hickson
- René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Functional genomics of parasites group; Biosystems informatics, bioengineering and genomic group), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucas Felipe Almeida Athayde
- René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Functional genomics of parasites group; Biosystems informatics, bioengineering and genomic group), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thainá Godinho Miranda
- René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Functional genomics of parasites group; Biosystems informatics, bioengineering and genomic group), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Policarpo Ademar Sales Junior
- René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Functional genomics of parasites group; Biosystems informatics, bioengineering and genomic group), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Anderson Coqueiro Dos Santos
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Maria da Cunha Galvão
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte State, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Antônia Cláudia Jácome da Câmara
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte State, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Daniella Castanheira Bartholomeu
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Moreira de Souza
- René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Functional genomics of parasites group; Biosystems informatics, bioengineering and genomic group), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Silvane Maria Fonseca Murta
- René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Functional genomics of parasites group; Biosystems informatics, bioengineering and genomic group), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Laila Alves Nahum
- René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Functional genomics of parasites group; Biosystems informatics, bioengineering and genomic group), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. .,Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. .,Promove College of Technology, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Abstract
The present study described the chemical and biological properties of zinc complex of L-carnosine (L-CAZ; generic name, polaprezinc; chemical name, catena-(S)-[µ-[N(α)-(3-aminopropionyl) histidinato (2-) N1, N2, O: N(τ)]-zinc], molecular formula, C9H14N4O3Zn; molecular weight, 291.6404; CAS registry number, 107667-60-7). Characterized as a white or yellowish white crystalline powder, this drug is insoluble in glacial acetic acid and almost insoluble in water, methanol, ethanol and ether. It is soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute nitric acid and sodium hydroxide solution, and its melting point is 260-270˚C. Polaprezinc is an anti-ulcer drug that was jointly studied and developed by Hamari Chemicals Co., Ltd. and Zeria Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and was first approved in Japan in 1994. This review article summarizes the research advances of polaprezinc, including the patents, preparations, synthetic routes, pharmacokinetics, pharmacological effects and application in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingru Li
- Jilin Broadwell Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Liaoyuan, Jilin 136200, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jilin People's Hospital, Jilin City, Jilin 132000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Jilin Broadwell Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Liaoyuan, Jilin 136200, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Liu
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
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Ebrahim HA, Elsherbini DMA. Renovation of Intestinal Barrier by Polydatin in Experimentally Induced Ulcerative Colitis: Comparative Ultrastructural Study with L-Carnosine. Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 210:275-292. [PMID: 34461611 DOI: 10.1159/000516191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease associated with intestinal epithelial barrier impairment. Polydatin (PD), a natural product isolated from Polygonum cuspidatum, is known to have an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic effect. We attempted to compare the protective impact of PD pretreatment on alterations to the intestinal epithelial barrier and the colonic wall's ultrastructure accompanying ulcerative colitis to other conventional drugs in practice, primarily L-carnosine, which has not been addressed before. The rats were divided into 5 groups; 3 of them were treated with sulphasalazine (500 mg/kg), L-carnosine (30 mg/kg), and PD (45 mg/kg). All groups were administered their respective drugs 3 days before the UC was induced by acetic acid intra-rectally, and the treatment was continued until the 11th day. The disease activity index (DAI) was estimated, and a macroscopic scoring was established for the harvested colonic tissue. The tissues were extracted and processed for hematoxylin and eosin staining, caspase-3 immunohistochemical staining, electron microscopy, and biochemical analysis evaluating proinflammatory markers (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6), myeloperoxidase (MPO), oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation. Histopathological examination of colonic tissue showed that PD pretreatment effectively restored mucosal epithelial cells, intercellular tight junctions, goblet cells, and maintained the intestinal epithelial and endothelial barriers. PD suppressed MPO, proinflammatory markers, and malondialdehyde but enhanced superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels. It also hampered apoptosis, as evidenced by a reduction in caspase-3 expression. PD showed a significantly better response in preserving the intestinal epithelial barrier against acetic acid-induced colitis as compared to sulphasalazine and L-carnosine. These findings demonstrate the therapeutic role of PD for patients with UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasnaa Ali Ebrahim
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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