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Miutescu B, Vuletici D, Burciu C, Bende F, Ratiu I, Moga T, Gadour E, Reddy S, Sandru V, Balan G, Dancu G, Maralescu FM, Popescu A. Comparative Analysis of Microbial Species and Multidrug Resistance Patterns in Acute Cholangitis Patients with Cholecystectomy: A Single-Center Study. Diseases 2024; 12:19. [PMID: 38248370 PMCID: PMC10813899 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare microbial species and multidrug resistance patterns in acute cholangitis patients with and without a history of cholecystectomy, highlighting potential differences We hypothesized that post-cholecystectomy patients would exhibit distinct microbial spectra and resistance patterns. Conducted at a western Romanian hospital specializing in gastroenterology and hepatobiliary diseases from 2020 to 2023, this retrospective study included 488 acute cholangitis patients, divided into groups based on their cholecystectomy history. Bile and blood samples were analyzed for microbial identification and antibiotic susceptibility using VITEK®2. Positive biliary cultures were found in 66% of patients. The cholecystectomy group showed a higher prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms, with 74.4% exhibiting resistance compared to 31.5% in the non-cholecystectomy group (p < 0.001). Notable microbial differences included higher occurrences of Escherichia coli (40.2%) and Enterococcus spp. (32.4%) in the cholecystectomy group. Resistance to Piperacillin/Tazobactam and Penems was significantly higher in this group, with odds ratios of 3.25 (p < 0.001) and 2.80 (p = 0.001), respectively, for the development of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial species. The study confirmed our hypothesis, revealing distinct microbial profiles and a higher prevalence of multidrug resistance in acute cholangitis post-cholecystectomy patients. These findings underscore the need for tailored antibiotic strategies in managing acute cholangitis in this patient demographic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Miutescu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (B.M.); (C.B.); (F.B.); (I.R.); (T.M.); (G.D.); (A.P.)
- Advanced Regional Research Center in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Deiana Vuletici
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (B.M.); (C.B.); (F.B.); (I.R.); (T.M.); (G.D.); (A.P.)
- Advanced Regional Research Center in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Calin Burciu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (B.M.); (C.B.); (F.B.); (I.R.); (T.M.); (G.D.); (A.P.)
- Advanced Regional Research Center in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine, “Vasile Goldis” West University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania
| | - Felix Bende
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (B.M.); (C.B.); (F.B.); (I.R.); (T.M.); (G.D.); (A.P.)
- Advanced Regional Research Center in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Iulia Ratiu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (B.M.); (C.B.); (F.B.); (I.R.); (T.M.); (G.D.); (A.P.)
- Advanced Regional Research Center in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Tudor Moga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (B.M.); (C.B.); (F.B.); (I.R.); (T.M.); (G.D.); (A.P.)
- Advanced Regional Research Center in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Eyad Gadour
- Department of Gastroenterology, King Abdulaziz Hospital-National Guard Health Affairs, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medicine, Zamzam University College, Khartoum 11113, Sudan
| | - Shruta Reddy
- Department of General Medicine, SVS Medical College, Yenugonda, Mahbubnagar 509001, Telangana, India;
| | - Vasile Sandru
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 105402 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department 5, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Balan
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania;
| | - Greta Dancu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (B.M.); (C.B.); (F.B.); (I.R.); (T.M.); (G.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Felix-Mihai Maralescu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine II, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alina Popescu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (B.M.); (C.B.); (F.B.); (I.R.); (T.M.); (G.D.); (A.P.)
- Advanced Regional Research Center in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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Lim EY, Song EJ, Shin HS. Gut Microbiome as a Possible Cause of Occurrence and Therapeutic Target in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:1111-1118. [PMID: 37164760 PMCID: PMC10580882 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2301.01033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
As a long-term condition that affects the airways and lungs, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by inflammation, emphysema, breathlessness, chronic cough, and sputum production. Currently, the bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs prescribed for COPD are mostly off-target, warranting new disease management strategies. Accumulating research has revealed the gut-lung axis to be a bidirectional communication system. Cigarette smoke, a major exacerbating factor in COPD and lung inflammation, affects gut microbiota composition and diversity, causing gut microbiota dysbiosis, a condition that has recently been described in COPD patients and animal models. For this review, we focused on the gut-lung axis, which is influenced by gut microbial metabolites, bacterial translocation, and immune cell modulation. Further, we have summarized the findings of preclinical and clinical studies on the association between gut microbiota and COPD to provide a basis for using gut microbiota in therapeutic strategies against COPD. Our review also proposes that further research on probiotics, prebiotics, short-chain fatty acids, and fecal microbiota transplantation could assist therapeutic approaches targeting the gut microbiota to alleviate COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Yeong Lim
- Food Functionality Research Division, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Song
- Food Functionality Research Division, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Soon Shin
- Food Functionality Research Division, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Zhang Y, Aldamarany WAS, Deng L, Zhong G. Carbohydrate supplementation retains intestinal barrier and ameliorates bacterial translocation in an antibiotic-induced mouse model. Food Funct 2023; 14:8186-8200. [PMID: 37599609 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01343j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial translocation (BT), with antibiotic use as an inducer, is associated with increased risk of developing multiple inflammatory disorders, and is closely associated with intestinal barrier integrity. Deacetylated konjac glucomannan (DKGM) and konjac oligo-glucomannan (KOGM) are two of the most widely used derivatives in the food industry. They are structurally and physiologically distinct from konjac glucomannan (KGM), and previous studies have confirmed their prebiotic effects. But whether they play a role in antibiotic-induced BT is unknown. Here, we applied an antibiotic cocktail (Abx) to a mouse model and investigated whether and how KGM and its derivatives function in BT and inflammation response amelioration during and after antibiotics, and which intervention plan is more effective. The results showed that KGM and its derivatives all inhibited BT. The colon tissue lesions caused by BT were largely alleviated, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production was highly improved with the supplementation of carbohydrates. The prolonged intervention plan using KGM and its derivatives was more efficient than intervention only during the Abx administration period. Among the three dietary fibers, KGM behaved best, while DKGM and KOGM behaved equivalently. Additionally, KGM and its derivatives all reduced the inflammatory response accompanying BT, but DKGM may have a direct inhibitory efficacy in inflammation other than that through IL-10, unlike KGM or KOGM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Waleed A S Aldamarany
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Liling Deng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of High Active Traditional Chinese Drug Delivery System, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Geng Zhong
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
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Suen KFK, Low JXY, Charalambous CP. Urinary tract infection is associated with 2.4-fold increased risk of surgical site infection in hip fracture surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hosp Infect 2023; 139:56-66. [PMID: 37343771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no consensus regarding whether urinary tract infection (UTI) should be screened for or treated in hip fracture patients. AIM To assess the relationship between perioperative UTI and surgical site infection (SSI) in hip fracture patients, and the relationship between urinary catheterization and SSI in these patients. METHODS PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane Library were searched to identify studies that evaluated the relationship between perioperative UTI and SSI and/or between urinary catheterization and SSI. Articles were included if they used the term UTI or specified UTI as symptomatic bacteriuria. FINDINGS A total of 4139 records were identified, with eight studies included. Meta-analysis of seven studies which evaluated perioperative UTI and SSI showed an SSI rate of 7.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.8-13.2) among 1217 patients with UTI vs 2.4% (95% CI: 1.0-5.7) in 36,514 patients without UTI (OR: 2.41; 95% CI: 1.67-3.46; P < 0.001). In three studies which specifically defined UTI as symptomatic bacteriuria, the SSI rate among UTI patients was 5.7% (95% CI: 4.0-8.1) vs 1.1% (95% CI: 0.2-5.2) in those without UTI (OR: 3.00; 95% CI: 0.55-16.26; P = 0.20). One study evaluated urinary catheterization and SSI. CONCLUSION Perioperative UTI is associated with a higher risk of SSI among hip fracture patients but the evidence is limited by the heterogeneity in the definition of UTI. We recommend considering the possibility of perioperative UTI in hip fracture patients, with treatment administered as necessary to reduce SSI rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F K Suen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool, Lancashire, UK
| | - J X Y Low
- Department of Orthopaedics, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool, Lancashire, UK
| | - C P Charalambous
- Department of Orthopaedics, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool, Lancashire, UK; School of Medicine, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK.
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Tyszko M, Lemańska-Perek A, Śmiechowicz J, Tomaszewska P, Biecek P, Gozdzik W, Adamik B. Citrulline, Intestinal Fatty Acid-Binding Protein and the Acute Gastrointestinal Injury Score as Predictors of Gastrointestinal Failure in Patients with Sepsis and Septic Shock. Nutrients 2023; 15:2100. [PMID: 37432225 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) failure can be both a cause of sepsis and a consequence of the systemic pro-inflammatory response in sepsis. Changes in biomarkers of enterocyte damage, citrulline and I-FABP (intestinal fatty acid binding protein), may indicate altered intestinal permeability and damage. The study group consisted of patients with sepsis (N = 28) and septic shock (N = 30); the control group included patients without infection (N = 10). Blood samples were collected for citrulline and I-FABP and a 4-point AGI score (acute GI injury score) was calculated to monitor GI function on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10. Citrulline concentrations in the study group were lower than in the control. Lower values were also noted in septic patients with shock when compared to the non-shock group throughout the study period. I-FABP was higher in the septic shock group than in the sepsis group only on days 1 and 3. Citrulline was lower in patients with GI failure (AGI III) when compared to AGI I/II, reaching significance on days 7 (p = 0.034) and 10 (p = 0.015); moreover, a higher AGI score was associated with an increased 28 day mortality (p = 0.038). The results indicate that citrulline measurements, along with the AGI assessment, have clinical potential in monitoring GI function and integrity in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Tyszko
- Clinical Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Lemańska-Perek
- Department of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 48/50, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Śmiechowicz
- Clinical Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Tomaszewska
- Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Biecek
- Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Waldemar Gozdzik
- Clinical Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Adamik
- Clinical Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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Nguyen M, Gautier T, Masson D, Bouhemad B, Guinot PG. Endotoxemia in Acute Heart Failure and Cardiogenic Shock: Evidence, Mechanisms and Therapeutic Options. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12072579. [PMID: 37048662 PMCID: PMC10094881 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock are frequently occurring and deadly conditions. In patients with those conditions, endotoxemia related to gut injury and gut barrier dysfunction is usually described as a driver of organ dysfunction. Because endotoxemia might reciprocally alter cardiac function, this phenomenon has been suggested as a potent vicious cycle that worsens organ perfusion and leading to adverse outcomes. Yet, evidence beyond this phenomenon might be overlooked, and mechanisms are not fully understood. Subsequently, even though therapeutics available to reduce endotoxin load, there are no indications to treat endotoxemia during acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock. In this review, we first explore the evidence regarding endotoxemia in acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock. Then, we describe the main treatments for endotoxemia in the acute setting, and we present the challenges that remain before personalized treatments against endotoxemia can be used in patients with acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock.
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Liu W, Xu C, Zou Z, Weng Q, Xiao Y. Sestrin2 suppresses ferroptosis to alleviate septic intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2022; 45:123-132. [PMID: 36066109 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2022.2121927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alterations in intestinal function play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of sepsis, and the repair of the intestinal barrier is a potential strategy for the treatment of sepsis. Sestrin2 (SESN2), a highly conserved stress-responsive protein, can be induced in response to stress. AIM This paper aimed to explore the role and mechanism of SESN2 in septic intestinal dysfunction. Methods: Blood samples were collected from patients with septic intestinal dysfunction, and Caco-2 cells were subjected to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to construct in vitro models. The expression level of SESN2 was determined in the blood samples and cells. The impacts of SESN2 overexpression on cell inflammation, oxidative stress, barrier integrity, and MAPK/Nrf2 signaling were evaluated. To determine the mediated role of MAPK signaling and ferroptosis, AMPK inhibitor (Compound C) and ferroptosis inducer (erastin) were separately used to treat cells, and the influences on the above aspects in cells were assessed. RESULTS The expression level of SESN2 was down-regulated in patients with septic intestinal dysfunction and LPS-induced cells. SESN2 overexpression was found to suppress cell inflammation and oxidative stress, maintain barrier integrity and activate AMPK/Nrf2 signaling. Following the AMPK signaling was inhibited or the ferroptosis was triggered, the effects of SESN2 overexpression on the cells were both reversed. CONCLUSION Reduced SESN2 contributed to inflammatory response and barrier dysfunction in septic intestinal dysfunction by promoting ferroptosis via activating the AMPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Chanchan Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shanghai Raffles Hospital, Shanghai 201208, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Zou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Qinyong Weng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
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Afolabi AO, Akhigbe TM, Odetayo AF, Anyogu DC, Hamed MA, Akhigbe RE. Restoration of Hepatic and Intestinal Integrity by Phyllanthus amarus Is Dependent on Bax/Caspase 3 Modulation in Intestinal Ischemia-/Reperfusion-Induced Injury. Molecules 2022; 27. [PMID: 36014309 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Oxidative stress is a key player in intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (IIRI) with a tendency to trigger systemic inflammatory response, resulting in progressive distal organ injury. To date, the role of Bax/caspase 3 signaling in IIRI has not been reported. Furthermore, the discovery of a safe and effective drug remains pertinent in improving the outcome of IIRI. Therefore, this study investigated the role of Bax/caspase 3 signaling in intestinal I/R-induced intestinal and hepatic injury. In addition, the protective effect and possible associated mechanism of action of methanolic Phyllanthus amarus leaf extract (PA) against intestinal I/R-induced intestinal and hepatic injury were evaluated. Materials and methods: Fifty male Wistar rats were randomized into five groups (n = 10). The sham-operated group was received 0.5 mL of distilled water for seven days prior to the sham surgery, while the IIRI, febuxostat (FEB) + IIRI, low-dose PA (LDPA) + IIRI, and high-dose PA (HDPA) + IIRI groups underwent the I/R procedure. In addition to the procedure, IIRI, FEB + IIRI, LDPA + IIRI, and HDPA + IIRI received 0.5 mL of distilled water, 10 mg/kg of febuxostat, 200 mg/kg of PA, and 400 mg/kg of PA, respectively, for seven days prior to the I/R procedure. Results: Administration of methanolic Phyllanthus amarus leaf extracts attenuated the intestinal I/R-induced rise in intestinal and hepatic injury markers, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, TNF-α, IL-6, and myeloperoxidase activities. In addition, Phyllanthus amarus ameliorated I/R-induced suppression of reduced glutathione, thiol and non-thiol proteins, and superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities in intestinal and hepatic tissues. These were coupled with the suppression of I/R-induced bacterial translocation, downregulation of I/R-induced activation of Bax/caspase 3 signaling, and improvement of I/R-induced distortion of intestinal and hepatic histoarchitecture by Phyllanthus amarus. Conclusion: Methanolic Phyllanthus amarus leaf extract protects against intestinal and hepatic injuries associated with intestinal I/R by suppressing oxidative-stress-mediated activation of Bax/caspase 3 signaling. The beneficial effects of Phyllanthus amarus may be ascribed to its constituent bioactive molecules, especially tannins, anthocyanin, alkaloids, and phenolics.
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Potruch A, Schwartz A, Ilan Y. The role of bacterial translocation in sepsis: a new target for therapy. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2022; 15:17562848221094214. [PMID: 35574428 PMCID: PMC9092582 DOI: 10.1177/17562848221094214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a leading cause of death in critically ill patients, primarily due to multiple organ failures. It is associated with a systemic inflammatory response that plays a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Intestinal barrier dysfunction and bacterial translocation (BT) play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of sepsis and associated organ failure. In this review, we describe recent advances in understanding the mechanisms by which the gut microbiome and BT contribute to the pathogenesis of sepsis. We also discuss several potential treatment modalities that target the microbiome as therapeutic tools for patients with sepsis.
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