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Woo YR, Kim HS. Interaction between the microbiota and the skin barrier in aging skin: a comprehensive review. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1322205. [PMID: 38312314 PMCID: PMC10834687 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1322205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The interplay between the microbes and the skin barrier holds pivotal significance in skin health and aging. The skin and gut, both of which are critical immune and neuroendocrine system, harbor microbes that are kept in balance. Microbial shifts are seen with aging and may accelerate age-related skin changes. This comprehensive review investigates the intricate connection between microbe dynamics, skin barrier, and the aging process. The gut microbe plays essential roles in the human body, safeguarding the host, modulating metabolism, and shaping immunity. Aging can perturb the gut microbiome which in turn accentuates inflammaging by further promoting senescent cell accumulation and compromising the host's immune response. Skin microbiota diligently upholds the epidermal barrier, adeptly fending off pathogens. The aging skin encompasses alterations in the stratum corneum structure and lipid content, which negatively impact the skin's barrier function with decreased moisture retention and increased vulnerability to infection. Efficacious restoration of the skin barrier and dysbiosis with strategic integration of acidic cleansers, emollients with optimal lipid composition, antioxidants, and judicious photoprotection may be a proactive approach to aging. Furthermore, modulation of the gut-skin axis through probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics emerges as a promising avenue to enhance skin health as studies have substantiated their efficacy in enhancing hydration, reducing wrinkles, and fortifying barrier integrity. In summary, the intricate interplay between microbes and skin barrier function is intrinsically woven into the tapestry of aging. Sound understanding of these interactions, coupled with strategic interventions aimed at recalibrating the microbiota and barrier equilibrium, holds the potential to ameliorate skin aging. Further in-depth studies are necessary to better understand skin-aging and develop targeted strategies for successful aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ri Woo
- Department of Dermatology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hei Sung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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2
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Gadoin E, Desnues C, d'Orbcastel ER, Bouvier T, Auguet JC, Dagorn L, Moroh JL, Adingra A, Bettarel Y. Fishing for the Microbiome of Tropical Tuna. Microb Ecol 2022:10.1007/s00248-022-02096-4. [PMID: 35962839 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02096-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although tunas represent a significant part of the global fish economy and a major nutritional resource worldwide, their microbiome still remains poorly documented. Here, we conducted an analysis of the taxonomic composition of the bacterial communities inhabiting the gut, skin, and liver of two most consumed tropical tuna species (skipjack and yellowfin), from individuals caught in the Atlantic and Indian oceans. We hypothesized that each organ harbors a specific microbial assemblage whose composition might vary according to different biotic (sex, species) and/or abiotic (environmental) factors. Our results revealed that the composition of the tuna microbiome was totally independent of fish sex, regardless of the species and ocean considered. Instead, the main determinants of observed diversity were (i) tuna species for the gut and (ii) sampling site for the skin mucus layer and (iii) a combination of both parameters for the liver. Interestingly, 4.5% of all amplicon sequence variants (ASV) were shared by the three organs, highlighting the presence of a core-microbiota whose most abundant representatives belonged to the genera Mycoplasma, Cutibacterium, and Photobacterium. Our study also revealed the presence of a unique and diversified bacterial assemblage within the tuna liver, comprising a substantial proportion of potential histamine-producing bacteria, well known for their pathogenicity and their contribution to fish poisoning cases. These results indicate that this organ is an unexplored microbial niche whose role in the health of both the host and consumers remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Gadoin
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Place Eugène Bataillon - Bat 24, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Christelle Desnues
- Institut Méditerranéen d'Océanologie (MIO), Aix-Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, Campus Technologique Et Scientifique de Luminy, 163 avenue de Luminy - Bat. Méditerranée, 13288, Marseille, IRD, France
| | - Emmanuelle Roque d'Orbcastel
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Place Eugène Bataillon - Bat 24, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Bouvier
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Place Eugène Bataillon - Bat 24, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Auguet
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Place Eugène Bataillon - Bat 24, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Dagorn
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Place Eugène Bataillon - Bat 24, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Luc Moroh
- Université Peleforo Gbon Coulibaly, Korhogo, Ivory Coast
| | - Antoinette Adingra
- Centre de Recherches Océanologiques (CRO) - 29 rue des pêcheurs, Zone 3, Treichville, BP V 18 00225, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
| | - Yvan Bettarel
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Place Eugène Bataillon - Bat 24, 34095, Montpellier, France.
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Siddiqui R, Makhlouf Z, Khan NA. The increasing importance of the gut microbiome in acne vulgaris. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2022. [PMID: 35711021 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-00982-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Acne is a frequently presented dermatological condition brought about by an interplay among inflammation, increased sebum production, hyperkeratinisation, and predominantly Propionibacterium acnes (renamed as Cutibacterium acnes) proliferation, leading to debilitating psychological scars. However, it has been shown that it is the loss of microbial diversity in the skin and the imbalance among C. acnes phylotypes that brings about acne rather than the C. acnes species as a whole. Interestingly, recent evidence suggests that other microorganisms may be implicated, such as the fungi Malassezia and the bacteria Cutibacterium granulosum. A plethora of scientific evidence suggests that the gut microbiome is implicated in the overall health and physiology of the host; studies show that the gut microbiome of acne patients is distinct and depicts less microbial diversity compared to individuals without acne. Herein, using the key terms: acne, C. acnes, IGF-1, sebum, and gut microbiome, we carried out a review of the literature, using Google Scholar and PubMed, and discussed the role of the gut and skin microbiome in relation to acne, as a narrative review. The role of hormones, diet, sebum, and stress in relation to the gut microbiome was also investigated. Therapeutic implications and the use of pre-/postbiotics are also deliberated upon. In this light, future research should investigate the relationship between the gut microbiome and the agreed upon factors of acne pathology, potentially leading to the discovery of novel acne treatments with milder side effects.
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Mashiah J, Karady T, Fliss‐Isakov N, Sprecher E, Slodownik D, Artzi O, Samuelov L, Ellenbogen E, Godneva A, Segal E, Maharshak N. Clinical efficacy of fecal microbial transplantation treatment in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 10:e570. [PMID: 34931478 PMCID: PMC8926506 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a remitting relapsing chronic eczematous pruritic disease. Several studies suggest that gut microbiota may influence AD by immune system regulation. METHODS We performed the first in-human efficacy and safety assessment of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for AD adult patients. All patients received 2 placebo transplantations followed by 4 FMTs each 2 weeks apart. AD severity and fecal microbiome profile were evaluated by the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis Score (SCORAD), the weekly frequency of topical corticosteroids usage, and gut microbiota metagenomic analysis, at the study beginning, before every FMT, and 1-8 months after the last FMT. RESULTS Nine patients completed the study protocol. There was no significant change in the SCORAD score following the two placebo transplants. The average SCORAD score significantly decreased from baseline at Weeks 4-12 (before and 2 weeks after 4 times of FMT) (59.2 ± 34.9%, Wilcoxon p = .011), 50% and 75% decrease was achieved by 7 (77%) and 4 (44%) patients, respectively. At Week 18 (8 weeks after the last FMT) the average SCORAD score decreased from baseline at Week 4 (85.5 ± 8.4%, Wilcoxon p = .018), 50% and 75% decrease was achieved by 7 (77%) and 6 (66.7%) patients respectively. Weekly topical corticosteroids usage was diminished during the study and follow-up period as well. Two patients had a quick relapse and were switched to a different treatment. Two patients developed exacerbations alleviated after an additional fifth FMT. Metagenomic analysis of the fecal microbiota of patients and donors showed bacterial strains transmission from donors to patients. No adverse events were recorded during the study and follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS FMT may be a safe and effective therapeutic intervention for AD patients, associated with transfer of specific microbial species from the donors to the patients. Further studies are required to reconfirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Mashiah
- Division of Dermatology and VenereologyTel‐Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel‐AvivIsrael
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Dana Children's HospitalTel‐Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel‐AvivIsrael
- Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel‐AvivIsrael
| | - Tal Karady
- Department of Computer Science and Applied MathematicsWeizamnn Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Naomi Fliss‐Isakov
- Department of Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesTel Aviv Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
| | - Eli Sprecher
- Division of Dermatology and VenereologyTel‐Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel‐AvivIsrael
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Dana Children's HospitalTel‐Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel‐AvivIsrael
- Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel‐AvivIsrael
| | - Dan Slodownik
- Division of Dermatology and VenereologyTel‐Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel‐AvivIsrael
- Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel‐AvivIsrael
| | - Ofir Artzi
- Division of Dermatology and VenereologyTel‐Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel‐AvivIsrael
- Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel‐AvivIsrael
| | - Liat Samuelov
- Division of Dermatology and VenereologyTel‐Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel‐AvivIsrael
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Dana Children's HospitalTel‐Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel‐AvivIsrael
- Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel‐AvivIsrael
| | - Eran Ellenbogen
- Division of Dermatology and VenereologyTel‐Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel‐AvivIsrael
- Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel‐AvivIsrael
| | - Anastasia Godneva
- Department of Computer Science and Applied MathematicsWeizamnn Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Eran Segal
- Department of Computer Science and Applied MathematicsWeizamnn Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Nitsan Maharshak
- Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel‐AvivIsrael
- Department of Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesTel Aviv Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
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Patel BK, Patel KH, Huang RY, Lee CN, Moochhala SM. The Gut-Skin Microbiota Axis and Its Role in Diabetic Wound Healing-A Review Based on Current Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042375. [PMID: 35216488 PMCID: PMC8880500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are a growing concern worldwide as they pose complications in routine clinical practices such as diagnosis and management. Bacterial interactions on the skin surface are vital to the pathophysiology of DFU and may control delayed wound healing. The microbiota from our skin directly regulates cutaneous health and disease by interacting with the numerous cells involved in the wound healing mechanism. Commensal microbiota, in particular, interact with wound-repairing skin cells to enhance barrier regeneration. The observed microbes in DFU include Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas, and several anaerobes. Skin commensal microbes, namely S. epidermidis, can regulate the gamma delta T cells and induce Perforin-2 expression. The increased expression of Perforin-2 by skin cells destroyed S. aureus within the cells, facilitating wound healing. Possible crosstalk between the human commensal microbiome and different cell types involved in cutaneous wound healing promotes the immune response and helps to maintain the barrier function in humans. Wound healing is a highly well-coordinated, complex mechanism; it can be devastating if interrupted. Skin microbiomes are being studied in relation to the gut-skin axis along with their effects on dermatologic conditions. The gut-skin axis illustrates the connection wherein the gut can impact skin health due to its immunological and metabolic properties. The precise mechanism underlying gut-skin microbial interactions is still unidentified, but the immune and endocrine systems are likely to be involved. Next-generation sequencing and the development of bioinformatics pipelines may considerably improve the understanding of the microbiome-skin axis involved in diabetic wound healing in a much more sophisticated way. We endeavor to shed light on the importance of these pathways in the pathomechanisms of the most prevalent inflammatory conditions including the diabetes wound healing, as well as how probiotics may intervene in the gut-skin axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharati Kadamb Patel
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (B.K.P.); (C.N.L.)
| | | | - Ryan Yuki Huang
- Canyon Crest Academy, San Diego, CA 92130, USA;
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Chuen Neng Lee
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (B.K.P.); (C.N.L.)
| | - Shabbir M. Moochhala
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (B.K.P.); (C.N.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Correspondence:
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Mahmud MR, Akter S, Tamanna SK, Mazumder L, Esti IZ, Banerjee S, Akter S, Hasan MR, Acharjee M, Hossain MS, Pirttilä AM. Impact of gut microbiome on skin health: gut-skin axis observed through the lenses of therapeutics and skin diseases. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2096995. [PMID: 35866234 PMCID: PMC9311318 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2096995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The human intestine hosts diverse microbial communities that play a significant role in maintaining gut-skin homeostasis. When the relationship between gut microbiome and the immune system is impaired, subsequent effects can be triggered on the skin, potentially promoting the development of skin diseases. The mechanisms through which the gut microbiome affects skin health are still unclear. Enhancing our understanding on the connection between skin and gut microbiome is needed to find novel ways to treat human skin disorders. In this review, we systematically evaluate current data regarding microbial ecology of healthy skin and gut, diet, pre- and probiotics, and antibiotics, on gut microbiome and their effects on skin health. We discuss potential mechanisms of the gut-skin axis and the link between the gut and skin-associated diseases, such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, acne vulgaris, rosacea, alopecia areata, and hidradenitis suppurativa. This review will increase our understanding of the impacts of gut microbiome on skin conditions to aid in finding new medications for skin-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Rayhan Mahmud
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sharmin Akter
- Department of Microbiology, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Lincon Mazumder
- Department of Microbiology, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Israt Zahan Esti
- Department of Microbiology, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Sumona Akter
- Department of Microbiology, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mrityunjoy Acharjee
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
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7
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Abstract
The microbiome plays a significant role in human health, homeostasis, immune system, and disease pathogenesis. Disrupted communication between the microbiome and host has been extensively studied in gastrointestinal diseases. To a lesser extent, there is emerging research on the skin microbiome and its connection with the gut, referred to as the gut-skin axis and its effects on dermatologic conditions. A basic overview will be provided of the gut and skin microbiome with a focus on the impact of this connection on cutaneous diseases, such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, rosacea, acne vulgaris, photoaging, and cutaneous wounds. In addition, we shall discuss nutrition-based approaches mediated through the gut-skin axis and topical treatments that could serve as potential adjunctive management by manipulation of the microbiome. In particular, there is a growing body of research on oral probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary modifications that may help improve symptoms for a variety of dermatologic conditions in select demographic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Sinha
- Frank H. Netter M.D. School of Medicine at Quinnipiac University, North Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gloria Lin
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Katalin Ferenczi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.
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Kim J, Baek J, Sa S, Park J, Kih M, Kim W. Kestose-enriched fructo-oligosaccharide alleviates atopic dermatitis by modulating the gut microbiome and immune response. J Funct Foods 2021; 85:104650. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Jiang Z, Li L, Chen J, Wei G, Ji Y, Chen X, Liu J, Huo J. Human gut-microbiome interplay: Analysis of clinical studies for the emerging roles of diagnostic microbiology in inflammation, oncogenesis and cancer management. Infect Genet Evol 2021; 93:104946. [PMID: 34052417 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms have been known to coexist in various parts of human body including the gut. The interactions between microbes and the surrounding tissues of the host are critical for fine fettle of the gut. The incidence of such microorganisms tends to vary among specific type of cancer affected individuals. Such microbial communities of specific tumor sites in cancer affected individuals could plausibly be used as prognostic and/or diagnostic markers for tumors associated with that specific site. Microorganisms of intestinal and non-intestinal origins including Helicobacter pylori can target several organs, act as carcinogens and promote cancer. It is interesting to note that diets causing inflammation can also increase the cancer risk. Yet, dietary supplementation with prebiotics and probiotics can reduce the incidence of cancer. Therefore, both diet and microbial community of the gut have dual roles of prevention and oncogenesis. Hence, this review intends to summarize certain important details related to gut microbiome and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Lingchang Li
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Jianan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Guoli Wei
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Yi Ji
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Jingbing Liu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China.
| | - Jiege Huo
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China.
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O'Sullivan JN, Rea MC, Hill C, Ross RP. Protecting the outside: biological tools to manipulate the skin microbiota. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:5836215. [PMID: 32396198 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest surrounding the role that skin microbes play in various aspects of human health has recently experienced a timely surge, particularly among researchers, clinicians and consumer-focused industries. The world is now approaching a post-antibiotic era where conventional antibacterial therapeutics have shown a loss in effectiveness due to overuse, leading to the looming antibiotic resistance crisis. The increasing threat posed by antibiotic resistance is compounded by an inadequate discovery rate of new antibiotics and has, in turn, resulted in global interest for alternative solutions. Recent studies have demonstrated that imbalances in skin microbiota are associated with assorted skin diseases and infections. Specifically, restoration of this ecosystem imbalance results in an alleviation of symptoms, achieved simply by applying bacteria normally found in abundance on healthy skin to the skin of those deficient in beneficial bacteria. The aim of this review is to discuss the currently available literature on biological tools that have the potential to manipulate the skin microbiota, with particular focus on bacteriocins, phage therapy, antibiotics, probiotics and targets of the gut-skin axis. This review will also address how the skin microbiota protects humans from invading pathogens in the external environment while discussing novel strategies to manipulate the skin microbiota to avoid and/or treat various disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie N O'Sullivan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland, P61 C996.,School of Microbiology, Food Science & Technology Building, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland, T12 K8AF.,APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland, T12 YT20
| | - Mary C Rea
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland, P61 C996.,APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland, T12 YT20
| | - Colin Hill
- School of Microbiology, Food Science & Technology Building, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland, T12 K8AF.,APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland, T12 YT20
| | - R Paul Ross
- School of Microbiology, Food Science & Technology Building, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland, T12 K8AF.,APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland, T12 YT20
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11
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Manus MB, Kuthyar S, Perroni-Marañón AG, Núñez-de la Mora A, Amato KR. Infant Skin Bacterial Communities Vary by Skin Site and Infant Age across Populations in Mexico and the United States. mSystems 2020; 5:e00834-20. [PMID: 33144313 DOI: 10.1128/mSystems.00834-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study contributes to the sparse literature on the infant skin microbiome in general, and the virtually nonexistent literature on the infant skin microbiome in a field setting. While microbiome research often addresses patterns at a national scale, this study addresses the influence of population-level factors, such as maternal socioeconomic status and contact with caregivers, on infant skin bacterial communities. This approach strengthens our understanding of how local variables influence the infant skin microbiome, and paves the way for additional studies to combine biological sample collection with questionnaires to adequately capture how specific behaviors dictate infant microbial exposures. Work in this realm has implications for infant care and health, as well as for investigating how the microbial communities of different body sites develop over time, with applications to specific health outcomes associated with the skin microbiome (e.g., immune system development or atopic dermatitis). Daily practices put humans in close contact with the surrounding environment, and differences in these practices have an impact on human physiology, development, and health. There is mounting evidence that the microbiome represents an interface that mediates interactions between the human body and the environment. In particular, the skin microbiome serves as the primary interface with the external environment and aids in host immune function by contributing as the first line of defense against pathogens. Despite these important connections, we have only a basic understanding of how the skin microbiome is first established, or which environmental factors contribute to its development. To this end, this study compared the skin bacterial communities of infants (n = 47) living in four populations in Mexico and the United States that span the socioeconomic gradient, where we predicted that variation in physical and social environments would shape the infant skin microbiome. Results of 16S rRNA bacterial gene sequencing on 119 samples (armpit, hand, and forehead) showed that infant skin bacterial diversity and composition are shaped by population-level factors, including those related to socioeconomic status and household composition, and vary by skin site and infant age. Differences in infant-environment interactions, including with other people, appear to vary across the populations, likely influencing infant microbial exposures and, in turn, the composition of infant skin bacterial communities. These findings suggest that variation in microbial exposures stemming from the local environment in infancy can impact the establishment of the skin microbiome across body sites, with implications for developmental and health outcomes. IMPORTANCE This study contributes to the sparse literature on the infant skin microbiome in general, and the virtually nonexistent literature on the infant skin microbiome in a field setting. While microbiome research often addresses patterns at a national scale, this study addresses the influence of population-level factors, such as maternal socioeconomic status and contact with caregivers, on infant skin bacterial communities. This approach strengthens our understanding of how local variables influence the infant skin microbiome, and paves the way for additional studies to combine biological sample collection with questionnaires to adequately capture how specific behaviors dictate infant microbial exposures. Work in this realm has implications for infant care and health, as well as for investigating how the microbial communities of different body sites develop over time, with applications to specific health outcomes associated with the skin microbiome (e.g., immune system development or atopic dermatitis).
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Teo CWL, Tay SHY, Tey HL, Ung YW, Yap WN. Vitamin E in Atopic Dermatitis: From Preclinical to Clinical Studies. Dermatology 2020; 237:553-564. [PMID: 33070130 DOI: 10.1159/000510653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and inflammation are some of the proposed mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). Current pharmacotherapeutic approaches are effective yet they are not without adverse effects. Vitamin E has great potential as an adjunctive treatment for AD owing to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory bioactivities. SUMMARY This review article summarizes the current available evidence from cellular, animal and clinical studies on the relationship between vitamin E and AD. The future prospects of vitamin E are also discussed. Vitamin E in practice does not show any toxicity to humans within a range of reasonable dosage. Albeit rarely, vitamin E as a contact allergen should be considered. Collectively, this review envisaged vitamin E as an adjunctive treatment for AD patients. Future research on the distinct effects of different vitamin E isoforms as well as their delivery system in skin disorders is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Wei Ling Teo
- Research and Development Department, Davos Life Science, Singapore, Singapore, .,Research and Development Department, KL-Kepong Oleomas Sdn Bhd (KLK-Oleo), Selangor, Malaysia,
| | - Shawn Han Yueh Tay
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hong Liang Tey
- National Skin Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yee Wei Ung
- Research and Development Department, KL-Kepong Oleomas Sdn Bhd (KLK-Oleo), Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wei Ney Yap
- Research and Development Department, Davos Life Science, Singapore, Singapore.,Research and Development Department, KL-Kepong Oleomas Sdn Bhd (KLK-Oleo), Selangor, Malaysia
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Ahlawat S, Asha, Sharma KK. Gut-organ axis: a microbial outreach and networking. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 72:636-668. [PMID: 32472555 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human gut microbiota (GM) includes a complex and dynamic population of microorganisms that are crucial for well-being and survival of the organism. It has been reported as diverse and relatively stable with shared core microbiota, including Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes as the major dominants. They are the key regulators of body homeostasis, involving both intestinal and extra-intestinal effects by influencing many physiological functions such as metabolism, maintenance of barrier homeostasis, inflammation and hematopoiesis. Any alteration in GM community structures not only trigger gut disorders but also influence other organs and cause associated diseases. In recent past, the GM has been defined as a 'vital organ' with its involvement with other organs; thus, establishing a link or a bi- or multidirectional communication axis between the organs via neural, endocrine, immune, humoral and metabolic pathways. Alterations in GM have been linked to several diseases known to humans; although the exact interaction mechanism between the gut and the organs is yet to be defined. In this review, the bidirectional relationship between the gut and the vital human organs was envisaged and discussed under several headings. Furthermore, several disease symptoms were also revisited to redefine the communication network between the gut microbes and the associated organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ahlawat
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Recombinant DNA Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Asha
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Recombinant DNA Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - K K Sharma
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Recombinant DNA Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Demirbaş A, Elmas ÖF. The relationship between acne vulgaris and irritable bowel syndrome: A preliminary study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 20:316-320. [PMID: 32463985 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disease characterized by chronic abdominal pain and changes in bowel movements without underlying organic pathology. Many skin diseases have been reported to be more common in individuals with functional bowel diseases. AIMS In this study, we aimed to investigate a possible relationship between acne vulgaris (AV) and IBS. PATIENTS/METHODS This prospective controlled study included patients with AV and healthy volunteers. All the subjects were evaluated in terms of the presence of IBS. The diagnosis of IBS was made based on the ROME IV diagnostic criteria. The clinical severity of AV was calculated using the global acne grading system (GAGS). RESULTS A total of 300 patients with acne vulgaris and 300 age and gender-matched healthy controls were included in the study. The majority of the patients were female (n = 175, 58.3%). The mean ages of the patients and controls were 20.22 ± 5.24 years and 20.49 ± 5.36 years, respectively. A total of 183 patients (61.0%) and 84 (28.0%) controls were diagnosed with IBS based on the Rome IV diagnostic criteria. The frequency of IBS was statistically significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group. (P = .001). There was also statistically significant relationship between the GAGS scores and IBS diagnosis (P = .001), abnormal stool form (P = .001), abdominal distention (P = .001), and feeling of incomplete evacuation (P = .001). CONCLUSION Our study showed that IBS is significantly more common in patients with AV than in healthy controls. Additionally, GAGS scores were higher in patients diagnosed with IBS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study focusing on the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ömer Faruk Elmas
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey
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Sorbellini E, De Padova MP, Rinaldi F. Coupled blue and red light-emitting diodes therapy efficacy in patients with rosacea: two case reports. J Med Case Rep 2020; 14:22. [PMID: 31992343 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-019-2339-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rosacea is a common inflammatory skin condition affecting approximately 5% of the world population. Therapeutic approaches to rosacea are focused on symptom suppression by means of anti-inflammatory agents. More recently, photodynamic therapy, especially light-emitting diodes, has been introduced as a valid alternative to conventional therapy. Case presentation In the present work, we reported the efficacy and safety of light-emitting diodes therapy combining blue (480 nm) and red (650 nm) light for the treatment of two patients with papulopustular rosacea: a 22-year-old Caucasian woman and a 68-year-old Caucasian man. Conclusions This kind of treatment could represent an effective, safer, and well-tolerated approach for the treatment of such conditions.
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Polkowska‐Pruszyńska B, Gerkowicz A, Krasowska D. The gut microbiome alterations in allergic and inflammatory skin diseases – an update. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 34:455-464. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Polkowska‐Pruszyńska
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Paediatric Dermatology Medical University of Lublin Lublin Poland
| | - A. Gerkowicz
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Paediatric Dermatology Medical University of Lublin Lublin Poland
| | - D. Krasowska
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Paediatric Dermatology Medical University of Lublin Lublin Poland
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Wu YR, Kuang GY, Lu FG, Wang HX, Lu M, Zhou Q. Pathological Relationship between Intestinal Flora and Osteoarthritis and Intervention Mechanism of Chinese Medicine. Chin J Integr Med 2019; 25:716-720. [PMID: 31650488 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-019-3224-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chinese medicine (CM) has a good clinical effect on osteoarthritis (OA), but the mechanism is not very clear. Evidence-based medicine researches have shown that intestinal flora plays a role in the pathogenesis and succession of OA. Intestinal flora affects the efficacy of CM, and CM can affect the balance of intestinal flora. This paper focuses on the relationship between intestinal flora, intestinal microenvironment, brain-gut axis, metabolic immunity and OA, and preliminarily expound the significance of intestinal flora in the pathogenesis of OA and the mechanism of CM intervention. The above discussion will be of great significance in the prevention and treatment of OA by CM from the perspective of intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Rong Wu
- TAN Xin-hua Famous Medical Studio, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Gao-Yan Kuang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Fang-Guo Lu
- Department of Medical College, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Heng-Xin Wang
- Hinye Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Changsha, 410331, China
| | - Min Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- TAN Xin-hua Famous Medical Studio, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, China.
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Tokudome Y. Influence of Oral Administration of Lactic Acid Bacteria Metabolites on Skin Barrier Function and Water Content in a Murine Model of Atopic Dermatitis. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1858. [PMID: 30513743 PMCID: PMC6315373 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of orally administered lactic acid bacteria metabolites on skin were studied using an atopic dermatitis-like murine model generated by feeding HR-AD to mice. Lactic acid bacteria metabolites were obtained by inoculating and culturing soy milk with 35 strains of 16 species of lactic acid bacteria. The atopic dermatitis-like murine model was generated by feeding HR-AD to HR-1 mice for 40 days. The skin condition of HR-AD-fed mice worsened compared with normal mice, showing reduced water content in the stratum corneum, increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL), reduced ceramide AP content in the stratum corneum, and increased epidermis thickness. When HR-AD-fed mice were orally administered a raw liquid containing lactic acid bacteria metabolites, water content in the stratum corneum, TEWL, ceramide AP content in the stratum corneum, and epidermis thickness improved. To determine the active components responsible for these effects, filtrate, residue, and lipid components extracted from the raw liquid containing lactic acid bacteria metabolites were examined. While water-soluble components and residue obtained after filtration had no effects, the lipid fraction showed similar effects to the raw liquid. These findings suggest that lactic acid bacteria metabolites improve skin injury in an atopic dermatitis-like murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Tokudome
- Laboratory of Dermatological Physiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan.
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Vollmer DL, West VA, Lephart ED. Enhancing Skin Health: By Oral Administration of Natural Compounds and Minerals with Implications to the Dermal Microbiome. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3059. [PMID: 30301271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The history of cosmetics goes back to early Egyptian times for hygiene and health benefits while the history of topical applications that provide a medicinal treatment to combat dermal aging is relatively new. For example, the term cosmeceutical was first coined by Albert Kligman in 1984 to describe topical products that afford both cosmetic and therapeutic benefits. However, beauty comes from the inside. Therefore, for some time scientists have considered how nutrition reflects healthy skin and the aging process. The more recent link between nutrition and skin aging began in earnest around the year 2000 with the demonstrated increase in peer-reviewed scientific journal reports on this topic that included biochemical and molecular mechanisms of action. Thus, the application of: (a) topical administration from outside into the skin and (b) inside by oral consumption of nutritionals to the outer skin layers is now common place and many journal reports exhibit significant improvement for both on a variety of dermal parameters. Therefore, this review covers, where applicable, the history, chemical structure, and sources such as biological and biomedical properties in the skin along with animal and clinical data on the oral applications of: (a) collagen, (b) ceramide, (c) β-carotene, (d) astaxanthin, (e) coenzyme Q10, (f) colostrum, (g) zinc, and (h) selenium in their mode of action or function in improving dermal health by various quantified endpoints. Lastly, the importance of the human skin microbiome is briefly discussed in reference to the genomics, measurement, and factors influencing its expression and how it may alter the immune system, various dermal disorders, and potentially be involved in chemoprevention.
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Abstract
The adult intestine hosts a myriad of diverse bacterial species that reside mostly in the lower gut maintaining a symbiosis with the human habitat. In the current review, we describe the neoteric advancement in our comprehension of how the gut microbiota communicates with the skin as one of the main regulators in the gut-skin axis. We attempted to explore how this potential link affects skin differentiation and keratinization, its influence on modulating the cutaneous immune response in various diseases, and finally how to take advantage of this communication in the control of different skin conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Salem
- Center for Medical Mycology, Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Amy Ramser
- Dermatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Nancy Isham
- Center for Medical Mycology, Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Mahmoud A. Ghannoum
- Center for Medical Mycology, Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Dermatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
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