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Schwarz C, Balean O, Dumitrescu R, Ciordas PD, Marian C, Georgescu M, Bolchis V, Sava-Rosianu R, Fratila AD, Alexa I, Jumanca D, Galuscan A. Total Antioxidant Capacity of Saliva and Its Correlation with pH Levels among Dental Students under Different Stressful Conditions. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3648. [PMID: 38132232 PMCID: PMC10743087 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13243648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This cross-sectional study conducted at the Faculty of Dental Medicine, Timisoara, Romania, between December 2022 and February 2023 aims to assess salivary total antioxidant capacity and pH levels in dental students experiencing non-stressful and stressful situations and explore potential correlations between these factors. (2) Methods: Saliva samples were collected during two different periods: before an Oral Health course and before the Oral Health exam, under stressful conditions. Ethical principles were followed, and informed consent was obtained. Data on age, gender, health status, drug use, smoking habits, and anxiety levels were recorded. Saliva was collected using the draining method and pH was measured using indicator paper strips. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was determined using a commercial assay kit. Statistical analysis involved descriptive statistics, Student's t-test to compare pH and TAC between study groups, and Pearson's correlation coefficient to analyze the correlation between salivary pH and TAC within each group, with p < 0.05 indicating significance. (3) Results: This study involved 80 participants, comprising 26 males and 54 females, all enrolled in the 5th year of the Oral Health course, with ages ranging from 20 to 53 and a mean age of 23.62 (±4.19) years. Pearson's correlation results show a statistically significant negative relationship between the STAI test and TAC during the stress-free period (-0.02 **, N = 80, p < 0.01). (4) Conclusions: There are variations in saliva's antioxidant capacity in response to different stress conditions. Dental students experienced a higher level of stress before academic assessments compared to the non-stress period during the course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schwarz
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300040 Timisoara, Romania; (C.S.); (O.B.); (R.D.); (V.B.); (D.J.); (A.G.)
| | - Octavia Balean
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300040 Timisoara, Romania; (C.S.); (O.B.); (R.D.); (V.B.); (D.J.); (A.G.)
- Clinic of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, Department I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. no 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ramona Dumitrescu
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300040 Timisoara, Romania; (C.S.); (O.B.); (R.D.); (V.B.); (D.J.); (A.G.)
- Clinic of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, Department I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. no 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Paula Diana Ciordas
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pta Eftimie Murgu Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (P.D.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Catalin Marian
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pta Eftimie Murgu Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (P.D.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Marius Georgescu
- Functional Sciences Department, Physiology Discipline, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Vanessa Bolchis
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300040 Timisoara, Romania; (C.S.); (O.B.); (R.D.); (V.B.); (D.J.); (A.G.)
| | - Ruxandra Sava-Rosianu
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300040 Timisoara, Romania; (C.S.); (O.B.); (R.D.); (V.B.); (D.J.); (A.G.)
- Clinic of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, Department I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. no 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Aurora Doris Fratila
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336 München, Germany;
| | - Iulia Alexa
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Vasile Goldis” Western University of Arad, 310045 Arad, Romania;
| | - Daniela Jumanca
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300040 Timisoara, Romania; (C.S.); (O.B.); (R.D.); (V.B.); (D.J.); (A.G.)
- Clinic of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, Department I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. no 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Atena Galuscan
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300040 Timisoara, Romania; (C.S.); (O.B.); (R.D.); (V.B.); (D.J.); (A.G.)
- Clinic of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, Department I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. no 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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Vamesu S, Ursica OA, Gurita AM, Voda RI, Deacu M, Aschie M, Bosoteanu M, Cozaru GC, Mitroi AF, Orasanu CI. A retrospective study of nonneoplastic and neoplastic disorders of the salivary glands. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35751. [PMID: 37861511 PMCID: PMC10589586 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The spectrum of major and minor salivary gland disorders varies widely. Epidemiological data on some injury categories are rare and often not up-to-date. This study aims to analyze epidemiological data using clinical, paraclinical, and histopathological parameters. Study was carried out for 5 years on the nonneoplastic and tumoral pathology of the salivary glands. Data were statistically analyzed using the appropriate parameters. Data analysis according to the biological behavior of the lesions revealed great heterogeneity. Statistically significant correlations were observed between the type of injury, age (P = .002) and gender (0.033). The environment of origin of the patients as well as the comorbidities reflected in most cases the nature of the process. Associations were also observed between the biological behavior of the lesions and the hemicranial topography (P = .019), the type of salivary gland (P = .024), and the surgical technique used (P < .001). Most cases were identified in the major salivary glands, often in the parotid. The most common diseases are represented by nonspecific chronic sialadenitis (nonneoplastic lesion), pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin tumor (benign tumors), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (malignant tumor), and squamous carcinoma (secondary tumor). They presented axial diameters between 2 to 95 mm. The most used curative technique was subtotal excision with facial nerve preservation. In conclusion, the study highlighted the main epidemiological aspects of salivary gland disorders. Some data agree with the specialty literature, and particular aspects are also observed. Therefore, this research is useful both in the medical and research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorin Vamesu
- Clinical Service of Anatomic Pathology, Departments of Pathology, “Sf. Apostol Andrei” Emergency County Hospital, Constanta, Romania
| | - Oana Andreea Ursica
- Clinical Service of Anatomic Pathology, Departments of Pathology, “Sf. Apostol Andrei” Emergency County Hospital, Constanta, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, Constanta, Romania
| | - Ana Maria Gurita
- Clinical Service of Anatomic Pathology, Departments of Pathology, “Sf. Apostol Andrei” Emergency County Hospital, Constanta, Romania
| | - Raluca Ioana Voda
- Clinical Service of Anatomic Pathology, Departments of Pathology, “Sf. Apostol Andrei” Emergency County Hospital, Constanta, Romania
- Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology (CEDMOG), “Ovidius” University of Constanta, Constanta, Romania
| | - Mariana Deacu
- Clinical Service of Anatomic Pathology, Departments of Pathology, “Sf. Apostol Andrei” Emergency County Hospital, Constanta, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, Constanta, Romania
| | - Mariana Aschie
- Clinical Service of Anatomic Pathology, Departments of Pathology, “Sf. Apostol Andrei” Emergency County Hospital, Constanta, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, Constanta, Romania
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Romania, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Madalina Bosoteanu
- Clinical Service of Anatomic Pathology, Departments of Pathology, “Sf. Apostol Andrei” Emergency County Hospital, Constanta, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, Constanta, Romania
| | - Georgeta Camelia Cozaru
- Clinical Service of Anatomic Pathology, Departments of Pathology, “Sf. Apostol Andrei” Emergency County Hospital, Constanta, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, Constanta, Romania
| | - Anca Florentina Mitroi
- Clinical Service of Anatomic Pathology, Departments of Pathology, “Sf. Apostol Andrei” Emergency County Hospital, Constanta, Romania
- Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology (CEDMOG), “Ovidius” University of Constanta, Constanta, Romania
| | - Cristian Ionut Orasanu
- Clinical Service of Anatomic Pathology, Departments of Pathology, “Sf. Apostol Andrei” Emergency County Hospital, Constanta, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, Constanta, Romania
- Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology (CEDMOG), “Ovidius” University of Constanta, Constanta, Romania
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Moovara Cackamvalli P, Al Bakri FMA, Khanjar IAM. Azathioprine induced acute sialadenitis: A case report. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7662. [PMID: 37434959 PMCID: PMC10332252 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Key clinical message Patients presenting with acute sialadenitis need careful review of their medications. Azathioprine is one of such drugs, which can rarely induce acute sialadenitis. Prompt discontinuation of the medication leads to reversal of the patient condition. Abstract Acute sialadenitis is one of the rare adverse effects of azathioprine. We report a case of acute submandibular sialadenitis following initiation of azathioprine which resolved upon discontinuation of the drug.
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Abuqbeitah M, Demir M, Sağer S, Asa S, Işıkcı NI, Sönmezoğlu K. SPECT/CT-based dosimetry of salivary glands and iodine-avid lesions following (131)I therapy. Health Technol (Berl) 2023; 13:101-10. [PMID: 36628262 DOI: 10.1007/s12553-022-00718-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective The purpose was to provide uptake and radiation dose estimates to salivary glands (SG) and pathologic lesions following radioiodine therapy (RIT) of differentiated thyroid cancer patients (DTC). Methods A group of DTC patients (n = 25) undergoing 131I therapy joined this study with varying amounts of therapeutic activity. Sequential SPECT/CT scans were acquired at 4 ± 2, 24 ± 2, and 168 ± 3 h following administration of 3497-9250 MBq 131I. An earlier experiment with Acrylic glass body phantom (PET Phantom NEMA 2012 / IEC 2008) was conducted for system calibration including scatter, partial volume effect and count loss correction. Dose calculation was made via IDAC-Dose 2.1 code. Results The absorbed dose to parotid glands was 0.04-0.97 Gy/GBq (median: 0.26 Gy/GBq). The median absorbed dose to submandibular glands was 0.14 Gy/GBq (0.05 to 0.56 Gy/GBq). The absorbed dose to thyroid residues was from 0.55 to 399.5 Gy/GBq (median: 21.8 Gy/GBq), and that to distal lesions ranged from 0.78 to 28.0 Gy/GBq (median: 3.12 Gy/GBq). 41% of the thyroid residues received dose > 80 Gy, 18% between 70-80 Gy, 18% between 40-70 Gy, and 23% has dose < 40 Gy. In contrast, 18% of the metastases exhibited a dose > 80 Gy, 9% between 40-60 Gy, and the dose to the vast majority of lesions (64%) was < 40 Gy. Conclusion It was inferred that dose estimation after RIT with SPECT/CT is feasible to apply, together with good agreement with published 124I PET/CT dose estimates. A broad and sub-effective dose range was estimated for thyroid residues and distal lesions. Moreover, the current methodology might be useful for establishing a dose-effect relationship and radiation-induced salivary glands damage after RIT.
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Tsuchiya H. Characterization and Pathogenic Speculation of Xerostomia Associated with COVID-19: A Narrative Review. Dent J (Basel) 2021; 9:dj9110130. [PMID: 34821594 PMCID: PMC8625834 DOI: 10.3390/dj9110130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have become known to present with different oral symptoms. However, xerostomia remains poorly recognized compared with taste dysfunction. For better understanding of COVID-19 symptomatology, xerostomia associated withCOVID-19 was characterized and its possible pathogenesis was speculated by a narrative literature review. Scientific articles were retrieved by searching PubMed, LitCovid, ProQuest, Google Scholar, medRxiv and bioRxiv from 1 April 2020 with a cutoff date of 30 September 2021. Results of the literature search indicated that xerostomia is one of prevalent and persistent oral symptoms associated with COVID-19. In contrast to taste dysfunction, the prevalence and persistence of xerostomia do not necessarily depend on ethnicity, age, gender and disease severity of patients. COVID-19 xerostomia is pathogenically related to viral cellular entry-relevant protein expression, renin-angiotensin system disturbance, salivary gland inflammation, zinc deficiency, cranial neuropathy, intercurrent taste dysfunction, comorbidities and medications. Despite a close association with COVID-19, xerostomia, dry mouth and hyposalivation tend to be overlooked unlike ageusia, dysgeusia and hypogeusia. Although mouth dryness per se is not life-threating, it has an impact on the oral health-related quality of life. More attention should be paid to xerostomia in COVID-19 patients and survivors.
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Kise Y, Kuwada C, Ariji Y, Naitoh M, Ariji E. Preliminary Study on the Diagnostic Performance of a Deep Learning System for Submandibular Gland Inflammation Using Ultrasonography Images. J Clin Med 2021; 10:4508. [PMID: 34640523 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of deep learning systems using ultrasonography (USG) images of the submandibular glands (SMGs) in three different conditions: obstructive sialoadenitis, Sjögren’s syndrome (SjS), and normal glands. Fifty USG images with a confirmed diagnosis of obstructive sialoadenitis, 50 USG images with a confirmed diagnosis of SjS, and 50 USG images with no SMG abnormalities were included in the study. The training group comprised 40 obstructive sialoadenitis images, 40 SjS images, and 40 control images, and the test group comprised 10 obstructive sialoadenitis images, 10 SjS images, and 10 control images for deep learning analysis. The performance of the deep learning system was calculated and compared between two experienced radiologists. The sensitivity of the deep learning system in the obstructive sialoadenitis group, SjS group, and control group was 55.0%, 83.0%, and 73.0%, respectively, and the total accuracy was 70.3%. The sensitivity of the two radiologists was 64.0%, 72.0%, and 86.0%, respectively, and the total accuracy was 74.0%. This study revealed that the deep learning system was more sensitive than experienced radiologists in diagnosing SjS in USG images of two case groups and a group of healthy subjects in inflammation of SMGs.
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Meyer MT, Watermann C, Dreyer T, Ergün S, Karnati S. 2021 Update on Diagnostic Markers and Translocation in Salivary Gland Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6771. [PMID: 34202474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland tumors are a rare tumor entity within malignant tumors of all tissues. The most common are malignant mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and acinic cell carcinoma. Pleomorphic adenoma is the most recurrent form of benign salivary gland tumor. Due to their low incidence rates and complex histological patterns, they are difficult to diagnose accurately. Malignant tumors of the salivary glands are challenging in terms of differentiation because of their variability in histochemistry and translocations. Therefore, the primary goal of the study was to review the current literature to identify the recent developments in histochemical diagnostics and translocations for differentiating salivary gland tumors.
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Chansaenroj A, Yodmuang S, Ferreira JN. Trends in Salivary Gland Tissue Engineering: From Stem Cells to Secretome and Organoid Bioprinting. Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews 2021; 27:155-165. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajjima Chansaenroj
- Exocrine Gland Biology and Regeneration Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supansa Yodmuang
- Exocrine Gland Biology and Regeneration Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - João N. Ferreira
- Exocrine Gland Biology and Regeneration Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Kim JY, An CH, Kim JY, Jung JK. Experimental Animal Model Systems for Understanding Salivary Secretory Disorders. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21. [PMID: 33182571 PMCID: PMC7696548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary secretory disorders are life-disrupting pathologic conditions with a high prevalence, especially in the geriatric population. Both patients and clinicians frequently feel helpless and get frustrated by the currently available therapeutic strategies, which consist mainly of palliative managements. Accordingly, to unravel the underlying mechanisms and to develop effective and curative strategies, several animal models have been developed and introduced. Experimental findings from these models have contributed to answer biological and biomedical questions. This review aims to provide various methodological considerations used for the examination of pathological fundamentals in salivary disorders using animal models and to summarize the obtained findings. The information provided in this review could provide plausible solutions for overcoming salivary disorders and also suggest purpose-specific experimental animal systems.
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Urbanowicz M, Sadowska K, Pijanowska DG, Pomećko R, Bocheńska M. Potentiometric Solid-Contact Ion-Selective Electrode for Determination of Thiocyanate in Human Saliva. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E2817. [PMID: 32429165 PMCID: PMC7288078 DOI: 10.3390/s20102817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new solid-contact potentiometric ion-selective electrode for the determination of SCN- (SCN-ISE) has been described. Synthesized phosphonium derivative of calix[4]arene was used as a charged ionophore. The research included selection of the ion-selective membrane composition, determination of the ISEs metrological parameters and SCN-ISE application for thiocyanate determination in human saliva. Preparation of the ISEs included selection of a plasticizer for the ion-selective membrane composition and type of the electrode material. The study was carried out using ISE with liquid internal electrolyte (LE-ISE) and solid-contact electrodes made of glassy carbon (GC-ISE) and gold rods (Au-ISE). The best parameters were found for GC sensors for which the ion-selective membrane contained chloroparaffin as a plasticizer (S = 59.9 mV/dec, LOD = 1.6 ´ 10-6 M). The study of potentiometric selectivity coefficients has shown that the thiocyanate-selective sensor could be applied in biomedical research for determination of SCN- concentration in human saliva. The accuracy of the SCN- determination was verified by testing 59 samples of volunteers' saliva by potentiometric sensors and UV-Vis spectrophotometry as a reference technique. Moreover, SCN- concentrations in the smokers' and non-smokers' saliva were compared. In order to investigate the influence of various factors (sex, health status, taken medications) on the thiocyanate level in the saliva, more extensive studies on a group of 100 volunteers were carried out. Additionally, for a group of 18 volunteers, individual profiles of SCN- concentration in saliva measured on a daily basis for over a month were collected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Urbanowicz
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering Polish Academy of Sciences, Ks. Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland; (K.S.); (D.G.P.)
| | - Kamila Sadowska
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering Polish Academy of Sciences, Ks. Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland; (K.S.); (D.G.P.)
| | - Dorota G. Pijanowska
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering Polish Academy of Sciences, Ks. Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland; (K.S.); (D.G.P.)
| | - Radosław Pomećko
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Functional Materials, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (R.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Maria Bocheńska
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Functional Materials, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (R.P.); (M.B.)
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Abstract
A variety of diseases ranging from obstructions, infections, to benign and malignant tumors occur in salivary glands. The most common problem is painful blockage of ducts by stones that prevents drainage of saliva. Sialadenitis can be due to either infectious or noninfectious factors. Bacterial or viral infections are the most common causes of acute sialadenitis. Staphylococcus is the usual bacterial cause, whereas paramyxovirus (mumps) is the common viral cause. Eighty percent of salivary tumors are benign, whereas about 20% are malignant. Most tumors occur in the parotid gland and on the hard palate. Classifications, imaging, and suggested treatment are described.
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Łysik D, Niemirowicz-Laskowska K, Bucki R, Tokajuk G, Mystkowska J. Artificial Saliva: Challenges and Future Perspectives for the Treatment of Xerostomia. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133199. [PMID: 31261876 PMCID: PMC6651665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The chronic sensation of a dry mouth is a disease condition called xerostomia and affects a large part of the population. Xerostomia is associated with decreased secretion, or more often, qualitative changes in saliva proteins and immunoglobulin concentrations that develop as a result of salivary gland dysfunction. Several reasons causing dry mouth were described, and usually, they include taking medications, diseases or radiotherapy. In some situations, when it is difficult to use salivary stimulants or salivary gland damage is irreversible, the only option might seem to be saliva substitutes. The paper presents the most important aspects considering saliva preparations. The rheological and lubricating properties and the reconstruction of the complex saliva structure has been the main purpose of research. The biological properties of saliva preparations were also widely discussed. As part of the work, the antimicrobial effect of three commercial saliva preparations was tested. Finally, inadequate antimicrobial properties against the strains isolated from the oral cavity were demonstrated. The development of salivary substitutes, in particular, the improvement of antimicrobial properties, can be achieved using nanotechnology, including drug delivery systems containing nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Łysik
- Department of Materials Engineering and Production, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Robert Bucki
- Department of Microbiological and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Grażyna Tokajuk
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Mystkowska
- Department of Materials Engineering and Production, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland.
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Guerra Romero A, Pérez Calle JL, López Serrano P. Submaxilitis aguda secundaria a la toma de azatioprina en paciente con enfermedad de Crohn. Gastroenterología y Hepatología 2018; 41:570-1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Baghdadi M, Ishikawa K, Endo H, Umeyama Y, Ataka T, Wada H, Oyamada Y, Hyakushima N, Seino KI. Enhanced expression of IL-34 in an inflammatory cyst of the submandibular gland: a case report. Inflamm Regen 2018; 38:12. [PMID: 30002743 PMCID: PMC6038191 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-018-0069-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cysts of the salivary glands are common lesions that occur in the context of various etiologies. Although the diagnostic importance of cysts in salivary gland diseases has been well studied, molecular mechanisms that control the related pathological process remain largely unknown. IL-34 is a novel cytokine that was discovered recently as a tissue-specific ligand of colony stimulating factor-1 receptor. Since its discovery, accumulating evidence has revealed emerging roles of IL-34 in various pathological conditions and has been suggested to correlate remarkably with inflammation. In this study, we report a medical case of an inflammatory cyst within the submandibular gland, through which evaluating the possible involvement of IL-34 in salivary gland disorders. Case presentation A 37-year-old male patient suffered from a sudden swelling in the right submandibular region, started initially small and had gradually increased in size to reach 3–4 cm in 1 week, accompanied by pain and local fever. Ultrasonography and MRI imaging revealed the existence of a well-defined cystic lesion with sharp borders measuring 39.8 mm × 19.7 mm within the right submandibular gland. The cyst was removed surgically, and the diagnostic decision was determined based on histopathological observations as an inflammatory cyst in the submandibular gland. Sections were generated from different regions of the surgically resected inflammatory cyst and used to examine IL-34 expression by immunohistochemistry compared to normal salivary gland tissues. Immunohistochemical staining showed enhanced expression of IL-34 in the ductal epithelial cells and endothelial cells of blood vessels, with a tendency to be accompanied with high infiltration of immune cells, which suggests a possible involvement of IL-34 in the pathogenesis of salivary gland inflammation. Conclusions In this report, we introduce interesting findings of enhanced IL-34 expression in a case of an inflamed submandibular gland. Our findings emphasize the pathological roles of IL-34 as an inflammation amplifier and angiogenic enhancer in inflammatory conditions, such as in salivary gland disorders. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s41232-018-0069-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Baghdadi
- 1Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-Ku, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo, 060-0815 Japan
| | - Kozo Ishikawa
- 1Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-Ku, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo, 060-0815 Japan
| | - Hiraku Endo
- 1Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-Ku, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo, 060-0815 Japan
| | - Yui Umeyama
- 1Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-Ku, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo, 060-0815 Japan
| | - Tsukasa Ataka
- 1Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-Ku, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo, 060-0815 Japan
| | - Haruka Wada
- 1Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-Ku, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo, 060-0815 Japan
| | - Yumiko Oyamada
- 2Tonan Hospital, Kita-Ku, Kita-4 Nishi-7, Sapporo, 060-0004 Japan
| | - Naoki Hyakushima
- 2Tonan Hospital, Kita-Ku, Kita-4 Nishi-7, Sapporo, 060-0004 Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Seino
- 1Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-Ku, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo, 060-0815 Japan
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15
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Wang CS, Wee Y, Yang CH, Melvin JE, Baker OJ. ALX/FPR2 Modulates Anti-Inflammatory Responses in Mouse Submandibular Gland. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24244. [PMID: 27064029 PMCID: PMC4827125 DOI: 10.1038/srep24244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the G-protein coupled formyl peptide receptor 2 (ALX/FPR2) by the lipid mediators lipoxin A4 and resolvin D1 (RvD1) promotes resolution of inflammation. Our previous in vitro studies indicate that RvD1 activation of ALX/FPR2 resolves cytokine-mediated inflammatory responses in mammalian cells. However, the impact of ALX/FPR2 activation on salivary gland function in vivo is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine whether submandibular glands (SMG) from ALX/FPR2(-/-) mice display enhanced inflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulation. For these studies, C57BL/6 and ALX/FPR2(-/-) mice at age 8-12-week-old were treated with LPS by i.p for 24 h. Salivary gland structure and function were analyzed by histopathological assessment, saliva flow rate, quantitative PCR, Western blot analyses and immunofluorescence. Our results showed the following events in the ALX/FPR2(-/-) mice treated with LPS: a) upregulated inflammatory cytokines and decreased M3R (Muscarinic Acetylcholine receptor M3) and AQP5 (Aquaporin 5) protein expression, b) decreased saliva secretion, c) increased apoptosis, d) alteration of tight junction and neuronal damage. Overall, our data suggest that the loss of ALX/FPR2 results in unresolved acute inflammation and SMG dysfunction (xerostomia) in response to LPS that is similar to human salivary gland dysfunction induced by bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Shuen Wang
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Yinshen Wee
- The Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84102, USA
| | - Chieh-Hsiang Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
| | - James E. Melvin
- National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Olga J. Baker
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
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16
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Javaid MA, Ahmed AS, Durand R, Tran SD. Saliva as a diagnostic tool for oral and systemic diseases. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2015; 6:66-75. [PMID: 26937373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Early disease detection is not only vital to reduce disease severity and prevent complications, but also critical to increase success rate of therapy. Saliva has been studied extensively as a potential diagnostic tool over the last decade due to its ease and non-invasive accessibility along with its abundance of biomarkers, such as genetic material and proteins. This review will update the clinician on recent advances in salivary biomarkers to diagnose autoimmune diseases (Sjogren's syndrome, cystic fibrosis), cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, HIV, oral cancer, caries and periodontal diseases. Considering their accuracy, efficacy, ease of use and cost effectiveness, salivary diagnostic tests will be available in dental offices. It is expected that the advent of sensitive and specific salivary diagnostic tools and the establishment of defined guidelines and results following rigorous testing will allow salivary diagnostics to be used as chair-side tests for several oral and systemic diseases in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Javaid
- Resident, Periodontics at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ahad S Ahmed
- PhD Student, Craniofacial Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Robert Durand
- Associate Professor, Faculty of Dentistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Simon D Tran
- Associate Professor, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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