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Banks JM, Capistrano KJ, Brandini DA, Zaidi F, Thakkar P, Rahat R, Schwartz J, Naqvi AR. Herpesviruses and SARS-CoV-2: Viral Association with Oral Inflammatory Diseases. Pathogens 2024; 13:58. [PMID: 38251365 PMCID: PMC10819702 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is a niche for diverse microbes, including viruses. Members of the Herpesviridae family, comprised of dsDNA viruses, as well as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), an ssRNA virus, are among the most prevalent viruses infecting the oral cavity, and they exhibit clinical manifestations unique to oral tissues. Viral infection of oral mucosal epithelia triggers an immune response that results in prolonged inflammation. The clinical and systemic disease manifestations of HHV have been researched extensively, and several recent studies have illuminated the relationship between HHV and oral inflammatory diseases. Burgeoning evidence suggests the oral manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection includes xerostomia, dysgeusia, periodontal disease, mucositis, and opportunistic viral and bacterial infections, collectively described as oral post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). These diverse sequelae could be a result of intensified immune responses initially due to the copious production of proinflammatory cytokines: the so-called "cytokine storm syndrome", facilitating widespread oral and non-oral tissue damage. This review explores the interplay between HHV, SARS-CoV-2, and oral inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis, endodontic disease, and peri-implantitis. Additionally, the review discusses proper diagnostic techniques for identifying viral infection and how viral diagnostics can lead to improved overall patient health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Banks
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (J.M.B.); (K.J.C.); (F.Z.); (P.T.); (R.R.)
| | - Kristelle J. Capistrano
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (J.M.B.); (K.J.C.); (F.Z.); (P.T.); (R.R.)
| | - Daniela A. Brandini
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil;
| | - Filza Zaidi
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (J.M.B.); (K.J.C.); (F.Z.); (P.T.); (R.R.)
| | - Pari Thakkar
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (J.M.B.); (K.J.C.); (F.Z.); (P.T.); (R.R.)
| | - Rani Rahat
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (J.M.B.); (K.J.C.); (F.Z.); (P.T.); (R.R.)
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Afsar R. Naqvi
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (J.M.B.); (K.J.C.); (F.Z.); (P.T.); (R.R.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Ivanovskii VA, Antonova IN, Molokova VA. The role of Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 in oral diseases in children. Pediatr Dent 2022. [DOI: 10.33925/1683-3031-2022-22-2-143-151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Relevance. Herpes virus infections are the most common and poorly controllable viral infections. There are many difficulties in herpetic lesion verification and treatment in dental practice.Purpose. The study aimed to present the results of a foreign publication investigation on the role of herpes simplex virus type 1 in the development of oral diseases in children.Material and methods. Foreign scientific articles about the oral HSV-1 infections published from 2018 to 2022 formed the basis for the study. The study searched the publications on PubMed and Google Scholar bases.Results. The article presents the newest data on the prevalence, clinical characteristics and diagnosis of oral HSV infection in children. Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (PHGS), chronic recurrent herpetic gingivostomatitis, chronic recurrent herpes labialis are the main clinical presentations of herpes infection diagnosed in a dental practice. Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis is very common in children aged six months to fve years and occurs in newborns from 2 to 43 days of life. Modern virology success can improve diagnosis and treatment of oral herpetic lesions.Conclusion. Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis is an acute infectious disease that requires the joint attention of a general practitioner and a dentist to ensure comprehensive treatment.
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