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Servián A, Repetto SA, Lorena Zonta M, Navone GT. Human hookworms from Argentina: Differential diagnosis of Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale in endemic populations from Buenos Aires and Misiones. Rev Argent Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Rivero MR, De Angelo C, Feliziani C, Liang S, Tiranti K, Salas MM, Salomon OD. Enterobiasis and its risk factors in urban, rural and indigenous children of subtropical Argentina. Parasitology 2022; 149:396-406. [PMID: 35264264 PMCID: PMC11010470 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021001955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A cross-sectional survey to assess the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis infection and its associated factors among the child population of infant, preschool and school age in the urban, rural and indigenous population of Iguazú city, in subtropical Argentina was presented. Additionally, the status of enterobiasis at country level was reviewed and analysed. Enterobius vermicularis presence was assessed employing an oviscopic serial sampling technique. Statistical analysis of socio-demographic determinants was performed by generalized linear mixed models at individual, household and community levels. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines were used to gather national information about E. vermicularis prevalence spanning the decade 2010–2020. A total of 916 children from 470 families participated. Overall prevalence was 29.8%, with 25.3, 30.7 and 34.2% detected for children inhabiting urban, rural and indigenous villages, respectively. The multi-level analysis showed that the presence of E. vermicularis was mostly determined by individual (e.g. age, playing habits, previous pinworm infection) and household-level factors (e.g. family size, overcrowding conditions). Interestingly, WASH variables, such as waste disposal, analysed at community level were also important. Data were analysed to provide eco-epidemiological features of enterobiasis in a heterogeneous subtropical child population in the same territory but with different socio-sanitary realities. The importance of promoting multi-level actions against the determinants identified, to control this public health problem integratively was evidenced. The scoping review of national data updated the state of knowledge of this parasitosis, identifying risk determinants and gaps in knowledge at country level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Romina Rivero
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, INMeT, Neuquén y Jujuy s/n., Puerto Iguazú, Misiones3370, Argentina
- Instituto de Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud (IDAS-CONCIET), Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, Rio Cuarto, Córdoba5800, Argentina
| | - Carlos De Angelo
- Assoc. Civil Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico (CeIBA), Bertoni 85, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones3370, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Biodiversidad y Ambiente (ICBIA-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, Rio Cuarto, Córdoba5800, Argentina
| | - Constanza Feliziani
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONCIET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Friuli 2434, Córdoba5000, Argentina
| | - Song Liang
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32610, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32610, USA
| | - Karina Tiranti
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, Rio Cuarto, Córdoba5800, Argentina
| | - Martin Miguel Salas
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, INMeT, Neuquén y Jujuy s/n., Puerto Iguazú, Misiones3370, Argentina
| | - Oscar Daniel Salomon
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, INMeT, Neuquén y Jujuy s/n., Puerto Iguazú, Misiones3370, Argentina
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Alvarez Di Fino EM, Rubio J, Abril MC, Porcasi X, Periago MV. Risk map development for soil-transmitted helminth infections in Argentina. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008000. [PMID: 32040473 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) comprise a group of helminth parasites that are included in the list of Neglected Tropical Diseases and require a passage through the soil to become infective. Several studies have detected that infection with STHs are associated with certain socioeconomic, environmental and soil characteristics. In Argentina, the presence of these parasites has been detected through a few point studies conducted in localities from 11 of the 23 provinces that comprise the country. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The most important characteristics previously associated with the presence of STHs were identified and ranked through the use of an expert survey and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in order to construct a risk map of STHs specific for Argentina. Prevalence data from previous studies was used to validate the generated risk map. The map shows that half of Argentina, from the Central provinces to the North, contains localities with the characteristics necessary for the development of these parasites. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The predicted map should serve as a useful tool for guiding the identification of survey areas for the generation of baseline data, detecting hotspots of infection, planning and prioritizing areas for control interventions, and eventually performing post-implementation surveillance activities.
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Cociancic P, Torrusio SE, Zonta ML, Navone GT. Risk factors for intestinal parasitoses among children and youth of Buenos Aires, Argentina. One Health 2020; 9:100116. [PMID: 31872035 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2019.100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intestinal parasitoses affect millions of people worldwide, especially children of developing countries. In Argentina, the prevalence of these infections varies among areas according to socio-economic and climatic variability. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasitoses and risk factors in child and youth populations from neighbourhoods of La Plata (Buenos Aires province, Argentina) affected by occasional floods, including a serious flood in 2013. Methods Serial stool samples and anal swabs of 398 individuals were processed using techniques of sedimentation and flotation. Socio-economic variables were surveyed using a semi-structured questionnaire and the land use/cover was determined by classification of a satellite image. Results Of all examined individuals, 70.9% were parasitized by at least one of the 12 parasites identified. The most prevalent species were Blastocystis sp. (42.7%), Enterobius vermicularis (34.7%) and Giardia lamblia (17.6%). Infection risk factors included houses built with makeshift materials and dirt floors; lack of piped water and public waste collection service, bed-sharing and living in the non-urban area. >70.3% of the participants that lived within <200 m from watercourses or permanent water bodies were parasitized. Conclusion This research shows that parasitic infections are still a serious public health problem and that they are strongly associated with socio-economic conditions and land use/cover. In this context, studies focused on One Health strategy are need to ensure the diagnosis and surveillance of parasitosis and to tackle zoonotic diseases as well as to encourage the development of sanitary and educational programs sustainable over time.
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Zonta ML, Cociancic P, Oyhenart EE, Navone GT. Intestinal parasitosis, undernutrition and socio-environmental factors in schoolchildren from Clorinda Formosa, Argentina. Rev Salud Publica (Bogota) 2019; 21:224-231. [DOI: 10.15446/rsap.v21n2.73692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate intestinal parasitosis, undernutrition and socio-environmental factors in schoolchildren from Clorinda (Formosa, Argentina).Materials and Methods Serial fecal samples and anal swabs of 114 schoolchildren, canine feces and soil samples were analyzed. Body weight and height of 215 schoolchildren were measured and undernutrition was estimated according to the World Health Organization criteria. Socio-environmental variables were assessed by means of a semi-structured questionnaire.Results 78.1% of children were infected by at least one of the 12 species identified and 70.8% had multiple parasitic infections. Blastocystis sp., Giardia lamblia and Enterobius vermicularis were the most prevalent. Additionally, 17.5% of children were infected by at least one geohelminth (e.g. Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, hookworms). 64.3%of canine of canine feces were positive and six parasitic species were found; the most frequent were Ancylostoma caninum, Uncinaria stenocephala and G. lamblia. Furthermore, 37.5% of soil samples showed zoonotic parasites (i.e. Ascaris sp., Toxocara sp.). Finally, 10.0% of the children were undernourished and 85.7% of them had parasites. The risk for parasitosis was higher in children that lived in houses with inadequate solid waste disposal and whose parents were unemployed or had temporary jobs.Conclusions The lack of environmental sanitation, unstable employment of parents and the presence of zoonotic species were the most relevant factors observed. Consequently, these conditions result in an increase of parasitic infections and negatively influence the growth of children.
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Periago MV, García R, Astudillo OG, Cabrera M, Abril MC. Prevalence of intestinal parasites and the absence of soil-transmitted helminths in Añatuya, Santiago del Estero, Argentina. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:638. [PMID: 30547815 PMCID: PMC6295026 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3232-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal parasites (IP) have been reported in point studies from different provinces of Argentina. The presence of soil-transmitted helminths (STH) was detected in many of these studies, including varied prevalences of all five species of STH in the north were the climate is more appropriate for transmission. Nonetheless, Argentina lacks a comprehensive prevalence map of STH. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites, focusing on STH, in rural and peri-urban areas of Añatuya, Santiago del Estero Province and identifying risk factors for their transmission. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey in the entire population of three rural lots located on the outskirts of the city between March and June of 2015 and among children in a peri-urban neighbourhood of Añatuya city in July 2016. Socio-economic variables, characteristics of the house and stool samples were collected from each household. RESULTS A total of 470 stool samples were analysed. The prevalence of STH was extremely low, with only 2 people being positive for hookworm and no detection of other STH. The prevalence of IP was 11.7% for protozoans and 11.1% for helminths. IP were significantly more prevalent in pre-school and school-aged children than in adults (P < 0.05). The level of education of adults was also significantly associated with infection (P = 0.001), as well as the practice of informal slaughter of animals (P = 0.002) and the presence of unimproved walls (P = 0.046) and unimproved floors (P = 0.021) in the household. Nonetheless, the only significant predictors of IP in the logistic regression analysis were age (P < 0.001) and main source of electricity (P = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS The total prevalence of intestinal parasites in the study population was 22.6%. The intestinal parasites detected are transmitted mostly through water (Giardia lamblia) and close contact (Hymenolepis nana), evidencing the need to improve quality control in water facilities and access to improved sanitation to avoid contamination of stored water. The presence of IP was significantly associated with age (with children being more susceptible), households containing unimproved walls and those that did not have access to an electricity network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Victoria Periago
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científica y Técnicas (CONICET), Fundación Mundo Sano, Paraguay, 1535, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Fundación Mundo Sano, Paraguay, 1535, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Rocío García
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Av. Vélez Sarsfield, 563, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Osvaldo Germán Astudillo
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Av. Vélez Sarsfield, 563, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta Cabrera
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Av. Vélez Sarsfield, 563, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Arıkan İ, Gülcan A, Dıbeklıoğlu SE. Investigation of Factors Affecting Frequency of Intestinal Parasites in Primary School Students in an Urban Region in Turkey. Cent Eur J Public Health 2016; 24:193-198. [PMID: 27743514 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a4231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of intestinal parasitic diseases (IPD) and associated factors in primary school students and to assess the knowledge and practices of mothers about these diseases. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study carried out in January-March 2014 in 471 students aged 5-11 years, studying at 3 schools randomly selected from the city centre regions with different socioeconomic levels. Stratified sampling method was used in the present study and the data were collected in two stages. In the first stage, parents were informed about the study and pre-prepared questionnaire forms were used to collect the data about the students and parents. In the second stage, laboratory analyses of collected stool samples were performed. RESULTS The total prevalence of IPD was 18.3%, it was higher in the primary school located in a region with a lower socioeconomic level compared to other two schools (27.6% vs. 14.4%, and 10%, respectively). Most commonly detected parasite was E. vermicularis (12.1%). The prevalence of IPD was not associated with the classroom, gender, number of siblings, and the use of purified drinking water at home, while it was found to decrease with the increasing maternal education level. The maternal knowledge level score was 12.01±4.29 vs. 13.41±3.94 in students with and without IPD, respectively. With regard to the methods used to treat IPD, 23% of the mothers reported that they are using conventional methods. CONCLUSION The health education programmes about the associated risk factors are of great importance for early detection and treatment of childhood parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- İnci Arıkan
- Department of Public Health, Medicine Faculty, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Aynur Gülcan
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Medicine Faculty, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya, Turkey
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