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Dalkner N, Fleischmann E, Fellendorf FT, Wagner-Skacel J, Schönthaler EMD, Bengesser S, Häussl A, Tietz S, Tmava-Berisha A, Lenger M, Reininghaus EZ. COVID-19 vaccination motivation and underlying believing processes: A comparison study between individuals with affective disorder and healthy controls. Front Psychol 2022; 13:935278. [PMID: 36562048 PMCID: PMC9765308 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.935278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Believing processes represent fundamental brain functions between cognition and emotion. Shortly before the introduction of a compulsory vaccination against COVID-19 in Austria, motives and underlying believing processes regarding the vaccination were collected in individuals with affective disorder (AD) and healthy controls (HC). Methods 79 individuals with AD and 173 HC were surveyed online to assess believing processes with the parameters of the credition model (narratives, certainty, emotion, mightiness) about (1) the coronavirus itself and (2) why someone is vaccinated or not. In addition, we calculated congruence scores between content of narrative and type of emotion and divided the narrative content into positive, negative, and indifferent. Results There were no differences in vaccination status between AD and HC. Higher levels of certainty were observed in HC compared to AD in both vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. The effects were higher when asked about the motivation to vaccinate or not than about the coronavirus itself. In HC, more positive emotions and more congruence between emotions and narratives were reported during believing in their vaccination motives. No group differences were found in mightiness for both items. Independently from diagnosis, unvaccinated people had high levels of certainty and more negative emotions and narratives while believing in their motives for not getting vaccinated. Conclusion When believing about the COVID-19 vaccination, individuals with AD were more uncertain and experienced fewer positive emotions than HC, although both groups did not differ in vaccination status. These effects were not that strong when believing about the coronavirus in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Dalkner
- Clinical Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria,*Correspondence: Nina Dalkner,
| | - Eva Fleischmann
- Clinical Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Frederike T. Fellendorf
- Clinical Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jolana Wagner-Skacel
- Clinical Department of Medical Psychology, Psychosomatic, and Psychotherapy, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Elena M. D. Schönthaler
- Clinical Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Susanne Bengesser
- Clinical Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alfred Häussl
- Clinical Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sophie Tietz
- Clinical Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Adelina Tmava-Berisha
- Clinical Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Melanie Lenger
- Clinical Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Z. Reininghaus
- Clinical Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
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Angel HF. Pathways and crossroads to creditions: Insights from a retrospective view. Front Psychol 2022; 13:942590. [PMID: 36405173 PMCID: PMC9673172 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.942590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
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Wagner-Skacel J, Tietz S, Fleischmann E, Fellendorf FT, Bengesser SA, Lenger M, Reininghaus EZ, Mairinger M, Körner C, Pieh C, Seitz RJ, Hick H, Angel HF, Dalkner N. Believing Processes during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:11997. [PMID: 36231317 PMCID: PMC9565181 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191911997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cognition, emotion, emotional regulation, and believing play a special role in psychosocial functioning, especially in times of crisis. So far, little is known about the process of believing during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to examine the process of believing (using the Model of Credition) and the associated psychosocial strain/stress during the first lockdown in the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey via LimeSurvey was conducted using the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and a dedicated Believing Questionnaire, which assesses four parameters of credition (propositions, certainty, emotion, mightiness) between April and June, 2020, in Austria. In total, n = 156 mentally healthy participants completed all questionnaires. Negative credition parameters were associated with higher global symptom load (from BSI-18): narratives: r = 0.29, p < 0.001; emotions r = 0.39, p < 0.001. These findings underline the importance of credition as a link between cognition and emotion and their impact on psychosocial functioning and stress regulation in implementing novel strategies to promote mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolana Wagner-Skacel
- Department of Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Sophie Tietz
- Clinical Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Department of Psychology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Fleischmann
- Clinical Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Frederike T. Fellendorf
- Clinical Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Susanne A. Bengesser
- Clinical Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Melanie Lenger
- Clinical Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Z. Reininghaus
- Clinical Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Marco Mairinger
- Clinical Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Christof Körner
- Department of Psychology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Pieh
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Continuous Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Rüdiger J. Seitz
- Department of Neurology, Centre of Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, Medical Faculty, LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40625 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hannes Hick
- Institute of Machine Components and Methods of Development, University of Technology Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Hans-Ferdinand Angel
- Department of Catechetics and Religious Education, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Nina Dalkner
- Clinical Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
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Fleischmann E, Fellendorf F, Schönthaler EM, Lenger M, Hiendl L, Bonkat N, Wagner-Skacel J, Bengesser S, Angel HF, Seitz RJ, Reininghaus EZ, Dalkner N. Believing processes around COVID-19 vaccination: An exploratory study investigating workers in the health sector. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:993323. [PMID: 36213920 PMCID: PMC9532762 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.993323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The processes underlying believing have been labeled "creditions", which are important brain functions between emotion and cognition. Creditions are influenced by both internal and external factors, one of which is the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the vaccination against the disease. METHODS To investigate believing processes shortly before the implementation of a mandatory vaccination in Austria, both vaccinated and unvaccinated workers in the health sector (WHS) were surveyed in December 2021/January 2022. In total, 1,062 vaccinated and 97 unvaccinated WHS (920 females) completed the online survey. Beliefs were assessed using the parameters of the credition model (narrative, certainty, emotion, and mightiness) with regard to (1) the COVID-19 pandemic in general, and (2) the vaccination. Type of emotion and narrative were divided into positive, negative, and indifferent. Moreover, the congruence between emotion and narrative was calculated. RESULTS The vaccination rate of the sample was 91.6%, with a significantly higher percentage of men being in the group of vaccinated (21.1%) as compared to unvaccinated individuals (12.4%). Pertaining beliefs about the COVID-19 vaccination, unvaccinated WHS reported more negative and less positive emotions as well as content of narrative than vaccinated WHS. In addition, they showed higher levels of certainty as well as mightiness while believing and felt less sufficiently informed about governmental and workplace-related COVID-19 measures. The groups did not differ in the type of emotion or content of narrative in their beliefs about the pandemic in general. CONCLUSION In conclusion, unvaccinated WHS had more negative and less positive emotions and thoughts than vaccinated WHS in their beliefs about the COVID-19 vaccination and their motivations for not having received it. They were more certain about their beliefs and felt stronger negative emotions in their beliefs compared to vaccinated individuals. Providing unvaccinated WHS with adequate information might be helpful in reducing their mental burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Fleischmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Frederike Fellendorf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Elena M Schönthaler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Melanie Lenger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lena Hiendl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nina Bonkat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jolana Wagner-Skacel
- Department of Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Susanne Bengesser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hans-Ferdinand Angel
- Department of Catechetics and Religious Education, Karl-Franzens-University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rüdiger J Seitz
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Centre of Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eva Z Reininghaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nina Dalkner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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