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Rajendran ES. Nanomaterial Characterisation of Diluted Platina and Alcohol Control Samples. HOMEOPATHY 2023; 112:144-151. [PMID: 36623825 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1755335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The healing effects of homeopathic ultra-high potencies (UHPs) have always been a puzzle for material science, though recent research papers have now characterised the nanomaterial nature of several such UHPs. This study aimed to analyse the material content of clinically used potencies of the homeopathic medicine Platina (platinum) compared with alcohol control samples. METHODS Potencies of Platina were analysed under dynamic light scattering (DLS), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) to identify the nanomaterial content. As control samples, both unsuccussed and potencies of alcohol were analysed by using DLS and HRTEM. RESULTS Platina 30c to CM: Nanoparticles were identified under DLS (mean particle size varying from 1.3 nm in 30c to 6.5 nm in CM) and HRTEM (particle size varying from 3.31 to 12.7 nm in 30c to 1.94 to 8.54 nm in CM). EDS confirmed the presence of platinum in all the samples of Platina. SAED analysis of Platina 30c, 200c, 1M and 10M confirmed also the presence of platinum dioxide (PtO2). For control samples, DLS and the HRTEM analyses of pharmaceutical grade unsuccussed alcohol and potentized Alcohol (6c, 12c and 30c) did not show any particles. CONCLUSION Homeopathic potentization generated NPs of platinum in ultra-dilutions. NPs in potencies of Platina showed platinum in EDS and PtO2 in SAED. Importantly, control samples of alcohol did not show the presence of particles under DLS or HRTEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Rajendran
- Department of Homeopathy, Mar Sleeva Medicity Palai, Kerala, India
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Ul Haq MN, Shah GM, Gul A, Foudah AI, Alqarni MH, Yusufoglu HS, Hussain M, Alkreathy HM, Ullah I, Khan AM, Jamil S, Ahmed M, Khan RA. Biogenic Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Phagnalon niveum and Its In Vivo Anti-Diabetic Effect against Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats. Nanomaterials 2022; 12:nano12050830. [PMID: 35269321 PMCID: PMC8912534 DOI: 10.3390/nano12050830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background: Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a non-communicable, life-threatening syndrome that is present all over the world. The use of eco-friendly, cost-effective and green synthesised nanoparticles (NPs) as a medicinal therapy in the treatment of T2DM is an attractive option. Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-diabetic potential of the phyto-synthesised silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) obtained from Phagnalon niveum plant methanolic extract. Methods: The green synthesised AgNPs made from Phagnalon niveum plant methanolic extract were analysed by Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and the functional groups involved in the reduction of the silver ions (Ag+) were characterised by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The size and crystallinity were assessed via X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The morphology of AgNPs was confirmed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The amount of silver (Ag) was estimated via energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. An intraperitoneal injection of 200 mg alloxan per kg albino Wistar rats’ body weight, at eight weeks old and weighing 140–150 g, was used to induce diabetes mellitus (N = 25; n = 5/group). Group C: untreated normal control rats that only received distilled water, group DAC: diabetic control rats that received alloxan 200 mg/Kg body weight, DG: diabetic rats treated with glibenclamide at 0.5 mg/kg body weight, DE: diabetic rats that received methanolic P. niveum extract at 10 mg/Kg body weight, and DAgNPs: diabetic rates that received AgNPs synthesised from P. niveum at 10 mg/kg body weight. The blood glucose levels were monitored on days 0, 7, and 14, while lipid, liver, and kidney profiles were checked after dissection at the end of treatment (day 21). On the final day of the period study (day 21), an oral glucose tolerance test was carried out by administering orally 2 g/kg body weight of glucose to the respective groups, and the blood glucose level was checked. A fasting glucose level was measured using a glucometer. Urine samples were collected from each animal and analysed using lab-made assay kits for glucose, bilirubin, pH, leukocytes, and nitrite, among other factors. For statistical analyses, a one-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s test were applied. Results: The green-mediated synthesis of AgNPs using P. niveum methanolic extract produced spherical and mono-dispersed NPs with a size ranging from 12 to 28 nm (average: 21 nm). Importantly, a significant reduction of blood glucose levels and an increase in body weight, as well as a remarkable improvement in lipid, liver, and kidney profiles, were noticed. Conclusions: The biosynthesised AgNPs significantly improved the abnormalities in body weight, urine, and serum levels, indicating that it is a promising anti-diabetic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nisar Ul Haq
- Department of Botany, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan; (M.N.U.H.); (A.G.)
| | - Ghulam Mujtaba Shah
- Department of Botany, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan; (M.N.U.H.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: (G.M.S.); (R.A.K.)
| | - Alia Gul
- Department of Botany, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan; (M.N.U.H.); (A.G.)
| | - Ahmed Ibrahim Foudah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.I.F.); (M.H.A.)
| | - Mohammad Hamed Alqarni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.I.F.); (M.H.A.)
| | - Hasan Soliman Yusufoglu
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Dentistry & Pharmacy, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah 51418, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Masroor Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Bannu 28100, Pakistan; (M.H.); (S.J.); (M.A.)
| | - Huda Mohammed Alkreathy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ihsan Ullah
- Department of Botany, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Bannu 28100, Pakistan;
| | | | - Shahid Jamil
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Bannu 28100, Pakistan; (M.H.); (S.J.); (M.A.)
| | - Mushtaq Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Bannu 28100, Pakistan; (M.H.); (S.J.); (M.A.)
| | - Rahmat Ali Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Bannu 28100, Pakistan; (M.H.); (S.J.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: (G.M.S.); (R.A.K.)
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Taleuzzaman M, Kala C, Rahat I, Gilani SJ, Kumar V, Imam SS. A Review on Experimental Methods for Diabetes Induction and Therapeutic Efficacy of Anti-diabetic Drug Loaded Nanoformulation. CDTH 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885515999200415114330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Different experimental methods have been used to induce diabetes in animals.
There are a number of anti-diabetic drug loaded nano-formulations with high therapeutic
value that are used to target diabetes with high therapeutic efficacy.
Methods:
From this review, various anti-hyperglycemic agents have been screened for their activity.
The use of nano-formulation in diabetes treatment is considered due to the possibility of the
incorporation of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances.
Results:
The clinical symptoms of diabetes are similar to those of hyperglycemia, glucosuria,
polydipsia, polyphagia, and polyuria and these symptoms were produced in experimental animal
models through various diabetogens. The treatment by using nano-formulation enhance the therapeutic
efficacy due to an increase in high carrier capacity.
Conclusion:
The characteristic features of the disease and pathological changes during disease in
small animals (rats or mice) are similar to that of human beings. The use of synthetic as well as herbal
drugs have shown greater therapeutic efficacy by encapsulating into nano drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Taleuzzaman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Maulana Azad University, Jodhpur, 342802, Rajasthan, India
| | - Chandra Kala
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Maulana Azad University, Jodhpur, 342802, Rajasthan, India
| | - Iqra Rahat
- Glocal School of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Mirzapur Pole, Sahranpur, 247121, UP, India
| | - Sadaf Jamal Gilani
- College of Basic Health Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Pharmalex India Pvt. Ltd. Mohan Co-operative Industrial Estate, 110044, New Delhi, India
| | - Syed Sarim Imam
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Chauhan PS, Yadav D, Tayal S, Jin JO. Therapeutic Advancements in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus with Special Reference to Nanotechnology. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4909-4916. [PMID: 32851952 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200826135401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
For improvisation of diabetic's quality of life, nanotechnology is facilitating the development of advanced glucose sensors as well as efficient insulin delivery systems. Our prime focus of the review is to highlight the advancement in diabetic research with special reference to nanotechnology at its interface. Recent studies are more focused on enhancing sensitivity, accuracy, and response by employing metal as well as nanoparticles based glucose sensors. Moreover, the review focuses on nanoscale based approaches i.e. closed-loop insulin delivery systems, which detect any fluctuation in blood glucose levels and allow controlled release of a drug, thus are also called self-regulating insulin release system. Additionally, this review summarizes the role of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic complications through little advancement in the existing techniques. To improve health, as well as the quality of life in diabetic's new sensing systems for blood glucose level evaluation and controlled administration of drugs through efficient drug delivery systems should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Singh Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior (M.P.), India
| | - Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749, South Korea
| | - Shivam Tayal
- School of Pharmacy, ITM University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
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Samadder A, Abraham SK, Khuda-Bukhsh AR. Nanopharmaceutical approach using pelargonidin towards enhancement of efficacy for prevention of alloxan-induced DNA damage in L6 cells via activation of PARP and p53. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 43:27-37. [PMID: 26943895 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Alloxan is an environmental food contaminant that causes DNA damage in living cells and induces hyperglycemia. Pelargonidin (PG), an active ingredient found in extract of various fruits and vegetables, has been nanoencapsulated (NPG) with poly-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) and tested for efficacy in prevention of alloxan (ALX)-induced DNA damage in L6 cells in vitro. Glucose uptake, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, glucose transporter 4, glucokinase levels and mechanism of activation of DNA repair proteins (PARP and p53) have been studied in ALX-induced L6 cells. Drug-DNA interaction has been analyzed using calf thymus DNA as target through circular dichroism and melting temperature profile. NPGs were physico-chemically characterized by standard protocols using dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Pre-treatment with both PG and/or NPG was effective in reducing ALX-induced oxidative stress and showed favourable effects for protection against DNA damage by activating DNA repair cascades. Results suggested ∼10-fold increase in efficacy of NPG than PG in prevention of alloxan-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Samadder
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Suresh K Abraham
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Anisur Rahman Khuda-Bukhsh
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, India
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