New C9 -Monoterpenoid Alkaloids Featuring a Rare Skeleton with Anti-Inflammatory and Antiviral Activities from Forsythia suspensa

Forsyqinlingines C (1) and D (2), two C₉ -monoterpenoid alkaloids bearing a rare skeleton, were isolated from the ripe fruits of Forsythia suspensa. Their structures, including absolute configurations, were fully elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data and ECD experiments. The plausible biogenetic pathway for compounds 1 and 2 was also proposed. In vitro, two C₉ -monoterpenoid alkaloids showed anti-inflammatory activity performed by the inhibitory effect on the release of β-glucuronidase in rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), as well as antiviral activity against influenza A (H1N1) virus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

Trinorlabdane diterpenoid alkaloids featuring an unprecedented skeleton with anti-inflammatory and anti-viral activities from Forsythia suspensa

Two unique trinorlabdane diterpenoid alkaloids, forsyqinlingines A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the ripe fruits of Forsythia suspensa. Their structures, including absolute stereochemical configurations, were fully elucidated from extensive spectroscopy experiments, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD). In addition, a plausible biosynthetic pathway for the formation of compounds 1 and 2 in Forsythia suspensa was also proposed. In vitro, the two C₁₇-labdane diterpenoid alkaloids exhibited anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting the release of β-glucuronidase in rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), and antiviral activities against influenza A (H1N1) virus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

Two unique trinorlabdane diterpenoid alkaloids, forsyqinlingines A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the ripe fruits of Forsythia suspensa, and found to show significant anti-inflammatory activities and anti-viral activities.

Alkaloids bearing rare skeletons from Forsythia suspensa with anti-inflammatory and anti-viral activities in vitro

Five alkaloids, including two previously undescribed alkaloids, named forsyshiyanines A and B, attributable to the rare skeletons 4b,5,6,7,8,8a,9,10-octahydrobenzo[f]quinoline and (6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[c]pyridin-7-yl)methyl, respectively, along with three known ones (3-5), were isolated from the ripe fruits of Forsythia suspensa. The chemical structures including absolute configurations of two undescribed compounds were established using integrated spectroscopic techniques, electronic circular dichroism calculations, and single-crystal x-ray diffraction analysis. In vitro, five alkaloids showed anti-inflammatory activities, with the inhibition rates of the release of β-glucuronidase from polymorphonuclear leukocytes of rats being in the range 47.9%-56.0% at a concentration of 10 μM. Moreover, five compounds exhibited anti-viral activities against influenza A virus and respiratory syncytial virus, with IC₅₀ values in the range of 7.3-32.5 μM and EC₅₀ values in the range 3.7-14.1 μM.

Labdane diterpenoids from Forsythia suspensa with anti-inflammatory and anti-viral activities

Five previously undescribed labdane diterpenoids, named Forsypensins A-E, were isolated from the fruits of Forsythia suspensa. The structures and relative configurations of the compounds were elucidated via extensive spectroscopic methods, and their absolute configurations were fully confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses using Cu Kα radiation and electronic circular dichroism data. The five labdane diterpenoids showed in vitro anti-inflammatory activity in rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes, inhibiting the rates of β-glucuronidase release by 43.6%-49.2% at concentrations of 10 μM. The compounds also had anti-viral activity against influenza A (H1N1) virus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), with IC₅₀ values in the range 21.8-27.4 μM, and EC₅₀ values in the range 10.5-15.4 μM, respectively.

[Prediction of clinical outcomes of patients with surplus cleavage-stage embryos for blastocyst culture after D3 embryo transfer]

Objective: To find the best strategy of embryo transfer, so as to provide theoretical basis for improving the clinical outcomes of in vitro fertilization-Embryo transfer (IVF-ET), we investigate the blastocyst culture of surplus cleavage-stage embryos after D3 embryo transfer and the prediction of clinical outcomes with or without blastocyst formation. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 3 568 patients who underwent IVF-ET in the Reproductive Medicine Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2016 to May 2018, whotransplanted two embryos in D3 with blastocyst culture of surplus cleavage-stage embryos, according to their age, they were divided into three groups: <35 years old group, 35-38 years old group, and>38 years old group.And according to the presence or absence of blastocyst formation, they were also divided into two subgroups: blastocyst formation group and non-blastocyst formation group. The embryo development and clinical outcomes in each group were compared. Results: (1) Comparisons of the embryo development in the three age groups with the first cycle. The total fertilization rate, cleavage rate and high quality embryo rate of the blastocyst formation group in the three groups were higher than those in the non-blastocyst formation group, P<0.05; In<35 years old group, the embryo utilization rate (75.0% vs 70.6%), pregnancy rate (74.9% vs 70.3%), planting rate (53.6% vs 48.6%), delivery rate (66.7% vs 61.1%) and live birth rate (66.5% vs 61.0%) of the blastocyst formation group were higher than those in the non-blastocyst formation group, P<0.05. (2) Comparisons of embryo development in the three age groups with multiple cycles (≥2 cycles). In<35 years old group, the total fertilization rate (75.0% vs 70.6%),delivery rate (62.7% vs 43.8%) and live birth rate (62.7% vs 43.8%) of the blastocyst formation group were significantly higher than those in the non-blastocyst formation group, P<0.05; In>38 years old group, the pregnancy rate (56.3% vs 25.8%), implantation rate (34.4% vs 14.5%), delivery rate (43.8% vs 11.3%), live birth rate (43.8% vs 11.3%) of the blastocyst formation group were higher than those in the non-blastocyst formation group, P<0.05. Conclusions: The results of blastocyst culture in different groups can predict the outcomes of embryo transfer in D3. For patients<35 years old with the first cycle, the clinical outcomes of the blastocyst formation group after D3 embryo transfer is better than that of the non-blastocyst formation group. For Patients with multiple cycles (≥2 cycles),the clinical outcomes of the embryo formation group is superior to that of the non-blastocyst formation group<35 years old or>38 years old.

Effect of Dietary Non-phytate Phosphorus Levels on the Diversity and Structure of Cecal Microbiota in Meat Duck from 1 to 21 d of age

The study was conducted to distinguish the effect of dietary non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) levels on the community diversity and structure of the cecal microbiota in meat duck based on 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. In total, 525 1-d-old ducklings were fed diets (105 ducklings, 7 pens of 15 ducklings, on each diet) containing five levels of NPP (0.22, 0.34, 0.40, 0.46, and 0.58%) for 21 days. The results showed that dietary NPP levels linearly and quadratically increased (P < 0.05) 21 d body weight, 1 to 21 d feed intake and NPP intake, and contrarily, linearly decreased (P < 0.05) β-diversity of cecal microbial population in ducks. ß-diversity analyses showed that microbiota clustering based on dietary NPP levels occured, with 0.22% NPP groups distinctly different from the 0.46% and 0.58% NPP group samples. Moreover, dietary NPP levels could change the relative abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria (linear, P < 0.05), genera Eubacterium coprostanoligenes (quadratic, P < 0.05), Ruminococcaceae UCG-014 (quadratic, P < 0.05) and Subdoligrannulum (linear, P < 0.05), and Lachnospiraceae family (quadratic, P < 0.05) in cecal microbiota of ducks. Increasing the dietary NPP level influenced the cecal microbiota and positively affected the growth of meat ducks.

Flavonoid alkaloids from Scutellaria moniliorrhiza with anti-inflammatory activities and inhibitory activities against aldose reductase

Four undescribed flavonoid alkaloids, as two pairs of enantiomers, were initially isolated as a racemate from the whole plant of Scutellaria moniliorrhiza. By means of chiral HPLC, four isomers, named scumonilines A-D, were successfully separated, and their chemical structures including absolute configurations were established by mass as well as NMR spectroscopy and CD technique. In vitro, four flavonoid alkaloids showed anti-inflammatory activities, with IC₅₀ values against the release of β-glucuronidase from polymorphonuclear leukocytes of rats being in the range 5.16-5.85 μΜ. Moreover, four compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against aldose reductase, and gave IC₅₀ values in the range 2.29-3.03 μΜ.

[Studies on flavonoids from Scutellaria moniliorrhiza]

By means of preparative HPTLC and column chromatography over silica gel and Sephadex LH-20, nineteen flavonoids were isolated and purified from the whole plants of Scutellaria moniliorrhiza. Based on the physico-chemical properties and spectral data, their structures were identified as： apigenin (1), luteolin (2), wogonin (3), oroxylin A (4), 6-methoxynaringein (5), 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-6,8-dimethoxyflavone (6), 5,7,8-trimethoxyflavone (7), 3,5,6,7-tetramethoxyflavone (8), 7-hydroxy-4',5,6,8-tetramethoxyflavone (9), 5,7,2'-trihydroxy-6-methoxyflavanone (10), 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-6-methoxyflavone (11), 5,7-dihydroxy-6,8-dimethoxy -flavone (12), 5,2',6'-trihydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavone (13), 5,7,2'-trihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone (14), 5,2'-dihydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavanone (15), 2'-hydroxy-5,7,8-trimethoxyflavone (16), 5-hydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavone (17), 5,2'-dihydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavone (18), and 5-hydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxyflavone (19). For the first time, compounds 1-19 were isolated from S. moniliorrhiza, and compounds 6, 8, 9, 12, 19 were isolated from the Scutellaria genus.

[neo-Clerodane diterpenoids from Scutellaria galericulata]

By means of preparative HPTLC and column chromatography over silica gel and Sephadex LH-20, fourteen diterpenoids were isolated and purified from the whole plants of Scutellaria galericulata. Based on the physico-chemical properties and spectral data, their structures were elucidated and identified as：scutebarbatine D(1), scutolide A(2), scutolide K(3), scutebata J(4), scutebata I(5), 6-O-acetylscutehenanine A(6), barbatin C(7), scutolide E(8), barbatine C(9), scutebarbatine Y(10), scutebarbatine B(11), scutestrigillosin A(12), scutebata O(13), scutolide B(14). Compounds 1-14 were isolated from S. galericulata for the first time.

New neo-clerodane diterpenoids from Scutellaria strigillosa with cytotoxic activities

Two new neo-clerodane diterpenoids, named scutestrigillosins D and E (1 and 2), were isolated from the whole plant Scutellaria strigillosa. Their structures were established on the basis of detailed physical data analyses. In vitro, two new compounds exhibited cytotoxic activities against four tumor cell lines (HONE-1, P-388, MCF7, and HT29), and gave IC50 values in the range of 3.4-8.9 μΜ.

[Diterpenoids from Scutellaria strigillosa]

By means of preparative HPTLC and column chromatography over silica gel and Sephadex LH-20, nine diterpenoids were isolated and purified from the whole plants of Scutellaria strigillosa. Based on the physico-chemical properties and spectral data, their structures were elucidated as: 6-O-acetyl-7-O-nicotinoylscutebarbatine G(1), 6-O-nicotinoyl-7-O-acetylscutebarbatine G(2), 6,7-di-O-nicotinoylscutebarbatine G(3), scutebarbatine K(4), scutebarbatine B(5), 6-O-acetylscutehenanine A(6), 6-O-nicotinoylbarba- tin A(7), 6,7-di-O-acetoxylbarbatin A(8), scutebarbatine F(9). Compound 1 is a new diterpenoid, and compounds 2-9 were isolated from Scutellaria strigillosa for the first time.

[Sesquiterpenoids from Solanum lyratum]

Ten compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography over silica gel, preparative TLC, and Sephadex LH-20 from the whole plant of Solanum lyratum. The structures were elucidated on the basis of physico-chemical properties and spectral data as 1beta-hydroxy-1 ,2-dihydro-alpha-santonin (1) , boscialin (2) , blumenol C (3), 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha, 6alpha-epoxy-7-megastigmen-9-one(4), dehydrovomifoliol(5) , blumenol A(6), (1'S,2R,5S, 10R) -2-(1', 2'-dihydroxy-l1'-methylethyl) -6,10-dimethylspiro[4,5] dec-6-en-8-one(7) , (1'R,2R,5S,10R)-2-( 1',2'-dihydroxy-l '-methylethyl) -6,1 l0-dimethylspiro[4,5]dec-6-en-8-one( 8) , 2-(1',2'-dihydroxy-1 '-methylethyl) -6,1 0-dimethyl-9-hydroxyspiro [4,5] dec-6-en-8-one (9) , and grasshopper ketone (10). Compounds 1-10 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

New sesquiterpenoid derivatives from Solanum lyratum and their cytotoxicities

Three new sesquiterpenoid isopropylidene derivatives, named solajiangxins H and I (1 and 2) and 7-hydroxylsolajiangxin I (3), were isolated from the whole plant of Solanum lyratum. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of integrated spectroscopic techniques, mainly HR-FAB-MS, 1D NMR, and 2D NMR ((1)H-(1)H COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY). In vitro, compounds 1-3 were found to show significant cytotoxicity against three cancer cells (P-388, HONE-1, and HT-29), and gave IC50 values in the range of 3.2-7.7 μM.

Two new C13-norisoprenoids from Solanum lyratum

Two new C(13)-norisoprenoids, named lyratols E and F (1-2), were isolated from the whole plant of Solanum lyratum Thunb, and their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses. In vitro, two new compounds were found to show significant cytotoxicity against selected cancer cells including P-388 and HT-29.

New ursane-type triterpene with NO production suppressing activity from Nauclea officinalis

Two new ursane-type triterpenes, named as 3β, 19α, 23, 24-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (1) and 2β, 3β, 19α, 24-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (2), together with two known triterpenoids, 3-oxo-urs-12-ene-27, 28-dioic acid (3) and quinovic acid-3-β-rhamnopyranoside (4), were isolated from the stems (with barks) of Nauclea officinalis. The structures of 1 and 2 were determined by the combined use of single-crystal X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic data analysis. The inhibitory activities on nitric oxide (NO) production induced by lipopolysaccharide in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells were examined, and compound 1 was found to inhibit NO production, with the IC(50) value of 4.8 μM.

New norditerpenoid alkaloids from Scutellaria barbata with cytotoxic activities

Two new norditerpenoid alkaloids, named scutebarbatines M-N (1 and 2), were isolated from the whole plant of Scutellaria barbata D. Don. Their structures were established on the basis of detailed spectral analyses. In vitro, two new compounds showed significant cytotoxic activities against three human cancer lines (HONE-1 nasopharyngeal, KB oral epidermoid carcinoma and HT29 colorectal carcinoma cells), and gave IC₅₀ values in the range of 3.5-6.3 µM.

Two new cytotoxic ent-clerodane diterpenoids from Scutellaria barbata

Two new ent-clerodane diterpenoids have been isolated from Scutellaria barbata, and their structures were established by detailed spectroscopic analyses as (13R)-6α,7β-dihydroxy-8β,13-epoxy-11β-nicotinyloxy-ent-clerodan-3-en-15,16-olide (scutelinquanine D, 1) and (11E)-6α-acetoxy-7β,8β-dihydroxy-ent-clerodan-3,11,13-trien-15,16-olide (6-acetoxybarbatin C, 2). In vitro, the isolated two new compounds showed significant cytotoxic activities against three human cancer cell lines (HONE-1 nasopharyngeal, KB oral epidermoid carcinoma, and HT29 colorectal carcinoma cells), and gave IC(50) values in the range of 2.5-6.6 μM.

Cytotoxic neo-clerodane diterpenoid alkaloids from Scutellaria barbata

Six new neo-clerodane diterpenoid alkaloids, named scutehenanines A-D (1, 4, 5, 6), 6-O-acetylscutehenanine A (2), and 6-O-(2-carbonyl-3-methylbutanoyl)scutehenanine A (3), were isolated from the whole plant of Scutellaria barbata. Their structures were established on the basis of detailed physical data analyses. In vitro, the six new isolated compounds showed cytotoxic activities against three human cancer lines (HONE-1 nasopharyngeal, KB oral epidermoid carcinoma, and HT29 colorectal carcinoma cells) and gave IC50 values in the range 2.8-6.4 microM.

Four new neo-clerodane diterpenoid alkaloids from Scutellaria barbata with cytotoxic activities

Four new neo-clerodane diterpenoid alkaloids, named scutebarbatines C-F (1-4), were isolated from the whole plants of Scutellaria barbata D. DON. Their structures were elucidated by spectral analyses (UV, IR, FAB-MS, 1D-NMR and 2D-NMR). In vitro, compounds 1-4 showed significant cytotoxic activities against three human cancer cell lines, namely, HONE-1 nasopharyngeal, KB oral epidermoid carcinoma, and HT29 colorectal carcinoma cells, and gave IC(50) values in the range 3.9-7.8 muM.

New alkaloids from Forsythia suspensa and their anti-inflammatory activities

Two new alkaloids, named suspensine A (1) and (-)-7'-O-methylegenine (2), along with two known alkaloids, (-)-egenine (3) and (-)-bicuculline (4), were isolated from the ethanolic extract of the fruits of Forsythia suspensa. Their structures were established by means of chemical methods and spectroscopic analyses. In vitro, four alkaloids showed anti-inflammatory activities, with inhibition rates of release of beta-glucuronidase from polymorphonuclear leukocytes of rats being in the range 34.8%-39.6% at 10 microM.

Two new neo-clerodane diterpenoid alkaloids from Scutellaria barbata with cytotoxic activities

Two new neo-clerodane diterpenoid alkaloids, scutebarbatine O (1) and 6-O-nicotinoylscutebarbatine G (2), were isolated from the whole plant of Scutellaria barbata. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including extensive 1D and 2D NMR analyses. In vitro, compounds 1 and 2 showed cytotoxic activities against three human tumor cell lines, namely, HONE-1 nasopharyngeal, KB oral epidermoid carcinoma, and HT29 colorectal carcinoma cells, and with IC(50) values in the range of 2.1-5.7 microM.

Two new neo-clerodane diterpenoids from Scutellaria barbata

Two new neo-clerodane diterpenoids, 6,7-dibenzoyloxybarbatin C (1, named barbatin D) and 6-(2-acetoxy-3-methylbutanoloxy)-7-(2-carbonyl-3-methylbutanoyloxy) barbatin C (2, named barbatin E) were isolated from the whole plant of Scutellaria barbata D. Don. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including extensive 1D and 2D NMR analyses. In vitro, compounds 1-2 showed cytotoxic activities against three human cancer lines, namely, HONE-1 nasopharyngeal, KB oral epidermoid carcinoma, and HT29 colorectal carcinoma cells, and with IC(50) values in the range of 3.5-6.7 microM.

Five new neo-clerodane diterpenoid alkaloids from Scutellaria barbata with cytotoxic activities

Five new neo-clerodane diterpenoid alkaloids, named scutebarbatine G (1), 6,7-di-O-nicotinoylscutebarbatine G (2), 6-O-nicotinoyl-7-O-acetylscutebarbatine G (3), scutebarbatine H (4) and 7-O-nicotinoylscutebarbatine H (5) were isolated from the whole plant of Scutellaria barbata D. DON. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including extensive 1D and 2D NMR analyses. In vitro, compounds 1-5 showed significant cytotoxic activities against three human cancer lines, namely, HONE-1 nasopharyngeal, KB oral epidermoid carcinoma, and HT29 colorectal carcinoma cells, and gave IC(50) values in the range 3.4-8.5 microM.

Bioactive ent-clerodane diterpenoids from Scutellaria barbata

Four new ENT-clerodane diterpenoids were isolated from the whole plant of Scutellaria barbata D. Don. (Labiatae). Their structures were elucidated by chemical methods and spectral analyses. in vitro, the four new compounds showed significant cytotoxic activities against three human cancer lines (HONE-1 nasopharyngeal, KB oral epidermoid carcinoma, and HT29 colorectal carcinoma cells), and gave IC50 values in the range 3.1-7.2 microM.

neo-Clerodane diterpenoids from Scutellaria barbata with cytotoxic activities

Three neo-clerodane diterpenoids, named barbatins A-C (1-3), and the neo-clerodane diterpenoid nicotinyl ester, named scutebarbatine B (4), were isolated from the whole plant of Scutellaria barbata D. Don. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses (UV, IR, HRFAB-MS, 1D NMR and 2D NMR). In vitro, compounds 1-4 showed significant cytotoxic activities against three human cancer lines, namely, HONE-1 nasopharyngeal, KB oral epidermoid carcinoma, and HT29 colorectal carcinoma cells, with IC50 values in the range 3.5-8.1 microM.

A new anti-oxidant Diels-Alder type adduct fromMorus macroura

A new Diels-Alder type adduct, named guangsangon O, was isolated from Morus macroura Miq., and its structure was determined by means of spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods. The isolated new compound showed potent anti-oxidant activity in vitro.

Four new compounds from the roots of Uvaria macrophylla

Four new compounds, uvamalols A-C and uvarimacrophin A, have been isolated from the roots of Uvaria macrophylla. Their structures have been elucidated by spectroscopic methods. The relative configurations of uvamalols A-C have been established by NOE experiments, and the relative stereochemistry of uvarimacrophin A inferred from the diagnostic NMR data by comparison with known model compounds.

A new compound from Rhododendren anthopogonosides maxim

A new compound, (2R)-4-phenyl-2-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]butane (1), has been isolated from the aerial parts of Rhododendren anthopogonoides, together with two known compounds, fraxin (2), and lyoniside (3). Their structures were determined by means of physico-chemical evidence and spectral analyses, including UV, IR, HR-FABMS, 1H and 13C NMR, and 2D NMR data.

Triterpenoids from the stems of Myricaria paniculata

Two new pentacyclic triterpenoids myricarin A and B (1 and 2) have been isolated from the stems of Myricaria paniculata, together with seven known compounds, myriconal, 28-hydroxy-14-taraxeren-3-one, epi-friedelanol, beta-sitosterol, 4-methyl stigmast-7-en-3-ol, 12-hentriacontanol and 1-triacontanol. Their structures have been established by chemical and spectroscopic methods. Cytotoxic activities of 1 and 2 have been evaluated against several different cell lines.

Guangsangons F-J, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory Diels-Alder type adducts, from Morus macroura Miq

Five Diels-Alder type adducts, named guangsangons F, G, H, I, and J, along with two known compounds, mulberrofuran J and kuwanon J, were isolated from Morus macroura Miq. Their structures were determined by means of spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods. These compounds were regarded biogenetically as Diels-Alder type adducts of dehydroprenylphenols and chalcone derivatives, and (1)H NMR variable temperature experiments suggested that they all existed as an equilibrium mixture of conformational isomers in solution. Among the isolated new compounds, guangsangons H, I, and J displayed potent antioxidant activities and moderate anti-inflammatory activities.

Bioactive diels-alder type adducts from the stem bark of Morus macroura

Five new compounds, named guangsangons A (1), B (5), C (6), D (7), and E (8), along with four known compounds, albafuran C (2), kuwanon X (3), kuwanon P (4), and kuwanon Y (9) were isolated from Morus macroura Miq.. Their structures were determined by means of spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods. These compounds were regarded biogenetically as Diels-Al-der type adducts, and 1H-NMR variable temperature experience suggested that they all existed as an equilibrium mixture of conformational isomers in solution. Compounds 1-3 and 5-9 showed good anti-oxidation activity, with the inhibitory rate of malondialdehyde being from 90.1% to 102.7% at a concentration of 10(-4) mol/L and from 70.9% to 88.1% at a concentration of 10(-5) mol/L. Compounds 1, 5, and 7 showed anti-inflammation activity, with the inhibitory rates of release of lysosome enzyme from polymorphonuclear leukocytes of rats being 19.0% (P > 0.05), 57.3% (P < 0.001) and 24.3% (P < 0.05) at concentrations of 10(-5) mol/L, respectively.

New Diels-Alder Type Adducts from Morus macroura and Their Anti-oxidant Activities

Fractionation of the ethanolic extract of the stem bark of Morus macroura resulted in the isolation of four new Diels-Alder type adducts, named guangsangons K--N (1, 2, 5, 6), together with two known compounds, mulberrofuran G (3) and K (4). Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods. Furthermore, by means of (1)H-NMR variable temperature experiments and the Cotton curves in the circular dichroism (CD) spectra, the stereochemistry of four new compounds was elucidated. The isolated new compounds showed good activity on anti-oxidant in vitro, with the inhibitory rates of MDA being from 91.8 to 100.0% at concentrations of 10(-5) mol/l.