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Awati A, Zhou S, Shi T, Zeng J, Yang R, He Y, Zhang X, Zeng H, Zhu D, Cao T, Xie L, Liu M, Kong B. Interfacial Super-Assembly of Intertwined Nanofibers toward Hybrid Nanochannels for Synergistic Salinity Gradient Power Conversion. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37235387 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Capturing the abundant salinity gradient power into electric power by nanofluidic systems has attracted increasing attention and has shown huge potential to alleviate the energy crisis and environmental pollution problems. However, not only the imbalance between permeability and selectivity but also the poor stability and high cost of traditional membranes limit their scale-up realistic applications. Here, intertwined "soft-hard" nanofibers/tubes are densely super-assembled on the surface of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) to construct a heterogeneous nanochannel membrane, which exhibits smart ion transport and improved salinity gradient power conversion. In this process, one-dimensional (1D) "soft" TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) are wrapped around "hard" carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to form three-dimensional (3D) dense nanochannel networks, subsequently forming a CNF-CNT/AAO hybrid membrane. The 3D nanochannel networks constructed by this intertwined "soft-hard" nanofiber/tube method can significantly enhance the membrane stability while maintaining the ion selectivity and permeability. Furthermore, benefiting from the asymmetric structure and charge polarity, the hybrid nanofluidic membrane displays a low membrane inner resistance, directional ionic rectification characteristics, outstanding cation selectivity, and excellent salinity gradient power conversion performance with an output power density of 3.3 W/m2. Besides, a pH sensitive property of the hybrid membrane is exhibited, and a higher power density of 4.2 W/m2 can be achieved at a pH of 11, which is approximately 2 times more compared to that of pure 1D nanomaterial based homogeneous membranes. These results indicate that this interfacial super-assembly strategy can provide a way for large-scale production of nanofluidic devices for various fields including salinity gradient energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abuduheiremu Awati
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Shan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Ting Shi
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Ran Yang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Yanjun He
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Dazhang Zhu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Tongcheng Cao
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Lei Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Mingxian Liu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Biao Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, P. R. China
- Shandong Research Institute, Fudan University, Shandong 250103, P. R. China
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Ping G, Miao L, Awati A, Qian X, Shi T, Lv Y, Liu Y, Gan L, Liu M, Zhu D. Porous carbon globules with moss-like surfaces from semi-biomass interpenetrating polymer network for efficient charge storage. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Singh AK, Tiwari UP, Berrocoso JD, Dersjant-Li Y, Awati A, Jha R. Effects of a combination of xylanase, amylase and protease, and probiotics on major nutrients including amino acids and non-starch polysaccharides utilization in broilers fed different level of fibers. Poult Sci 2020; 98:5571-5581. [PMID: 31198939 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of a combination of xylanase, amylase, and protease (XAP), with probiotics (3 Bacillus spp.) supplementation on apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients in Cobb 500 broilers from 0 to 21 d. A completely randomized 2 × 4 factorial design (2 levels of fiber; 4 types of supplements) with 8 replicate cages (6 birds/cage) was used. Each low and high-fiber diet contained 500 FTU/kg Buttiauxella sp. phytase and was supplemented with: (a) none (control), (b) XAP (2,000 U xylanase + 200 U amylase + 4,000 U protease/kg diet), (c) probiotics (75,000 CFU/g of Bacillus spp.), or (d) XAP + probiotics. High fiber decreased (P < 0.05) nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn), AID of all amino acids (AA), AID and ATTD of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), starch, and gross energy (GE). High fiber increased (P < 0.01) the flow of total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) in both ileum and total tract. The XAP + probiotics increased (P < 0.01) AMEn as well as AID and ATTD of DM, CP, GE, starch, while alone, XAP yielded similar improvement except for DM compared with control. The supplemental XAP alone improved (P < 0.01) the digestibility of most of the AAs compared with control. Moreover, XAP + probiotics increased (P < 0.05) AID of all AA except arginine and serine compared with control. A fiber × supplements interaction (P < 0.05) was found for AID of histidine and threonine, and their digestibility in high-fiber diet was improved to a level comparable to low-fiber diet by XAP + probiotics. The flow of NSP in XAP group was 5 to 6% lower than in control while NSP flow in XAP + probiotic group was further 4% lower than that of XAP group (P < 0.01). The results infer that the combination of XAP and probiotics can effectively optimize the nutrient digestibility in broilers fed both low and high-fiber diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Singh
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - U P Tiwari
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - J D Berrocoso
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Y Dersjant-Li
- Danisco Animal Nutrition/DuPont, Marlborough SN8 1XN, UK
| | - A Awati
- Danisco Animal Nutrition/DuPont, Marlborough SN8 1XN, UK
| | - R Jha
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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Awati A, Maimaiti H, Wang S, Xu B. Photo-derived fixation of dinitrogen into ammonia at ambient condition with water on ruthenium/coal-based carbon nanosheets. Sci Total Environ 2019; 695:133865. [PMID: 31421334 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic synthesis of ammonia is a kind of compelling and challenging nitrogen fixation method. In this paper, we extract the small-sized graphite-like carbon layer in the coal by organic solvent extraction method using HNO3 pretreated coal as a precursor. Then the coal-based carbon nanosheets (CNs) containing with Ca2+, Ti4+, Fe2+, Al3+, Si4+, C, N, O and other metal/non-metal ions was obtained under the assistance of the ultrasonication. The composite catalyst Ru/CNs was prepared by in situ loading the ruthenium (Ru) nanoparticles reduced from RuCl3·3H2O onto the as prepared CNs. The structure was characterized and the photocatalytic nitrogen fixation into ammonia performance under ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure was studied. The results show that the composite catalyst Ru/CNs with uniform dispersion of Ru nanoparticles on CNs has excellent photocatalytic nitrogen fixation activity, and the NH3 yield reaches 221.3 μmol/L after the reaction for 4 h. At the same time, the as prepared catalyst had quite good stability, and the NH3 yield remained substantially unchanged in 5 cycle experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abuduheiremu Awati
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Industry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China
| | - Halidan Maimaiti
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Industry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Shixin Wang
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Industry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Industry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China
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Flores C, Duong T, Askelson T, Dersjant-Li Y, Gibbs K, Awati A, Lee J. Effects of Direct Fed-Microorganisms and Enzyme Blend Co-Administration on Growth Performance in Broilers Fed Diets With or Without Antibiotics. J APPL POULTRY RES 2019. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfz084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Awati A, Maimaiti H, Xu B, Wang S. A comparative study on the preparation methods and properties of coal‐based fluorescent carbon nanoparticles. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abuduheiremu Awati
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Industry Xinjiang University, Urumqi China
| | - Halidan Maimaiti
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Industry Xinjiang University, Urumqi China
| | - Bo Xu
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Industry Xinjiang University, Urumqi China
| | - Shixin Wang
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Industry Xinjiang University, Urumqi China
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Mathew D, John S, Souza D, Sarma G, Nadig R, Badachi S, Awati A. Hurdles in adherence to antiplatelet drugs in patients with recurrent strokes. J Neurol Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.10.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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8
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Askelson TE, Flores CA, Dunn-Horrocks SL, Dersjant-Li Y, Gibbs K, Awati A, Lee JT, Duong T. Effects of direct-fed microorganisms and enzyme blend co-administration on intestinal bacteria in broilers fed diets with or without antibiotics. Poult Sci 2018; 97:54-63. [PMID: 29077888 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct-fed microorganisms (DFM) and exogenous enzymes have been demonstrated to improve growth performance in poultry and are potentially important alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters (AGP). We investigated the administration of a feed additive composed of a DFM product containing spores of 3 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains and an enzyme blend of endo-xylanase, α-amylase, and serine-protease in diets with or without sub-therapeutic antibiotics in broiler chickens over a 42-d growth period. Evaluation of growth performance determined feed efficiency of broiler chickens which were administered the feed additive was comparable to those fed a diet containing AGPs. Characterization of the gastrointestinal microbiota using culture-dependent methods determined administration of the feed additive increased counts of total Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) relative to a negative control and reduced Clostridium perfringens to levels similar to antibiotic administration. Additionally, greater counts of total LAB were observed to be significantly associated with reduced feed conversion ratio, whereas greater counts of C. perfringens were observed to be significantly associated with increased feed conversion ratio. Our results suggest the co-administration of DFMs and exogenous enzymes may be an important component of antibiotic free poultry production programs and LAB and C. perfringens may be important targets in the development of alternatives to AGPs in poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Askelson
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University
| | - C A Flores
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University
| | | | - Y Dersjant-Li
- Danisco Animal Nutrition, DuPont Industrial Biosciences, Marlborough, UK
| | - K Gibbs
- Danisco Animal Nutrition, DuPont Industrial Biosciences, Marlborough, UK
| | - A Awati
- Danisco Animal Nutrition, DuPont Industrial Biosciences, Marlborough, UK
| | - J T Lee
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University
| | - T Duong
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University
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Dedong Z, Maimaiti H, Awati A, Yisilamu G, Fengchang S, Ming W. Synthesis and photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance of Cu2O/Coal-based carbon nanoparticle composites. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Maimaiti H, Awati A, Zhang D, Yisilamu G, Xu B. Synthesis and photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance of aminated coal-based carbon nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2018; 8:35989-35997. [PMID: 35558451 PMCID: PMC9088290 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06062b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To obtain high-efficiency, low-cost, environmentally friendly carbon-based photocatalytic material, we synthesized coal-based carbon dots with sp2 carbon structure and multilayer graphene lattice structure by the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) oxidation method to strip nano-scale crystalline carbon in the coal structure and link with oxygen-containing groups such as the hydroxyl group. N, S co-doped aminated coal-based carbon nanoparticles (NH2-CNPs) were then obtained by thionyl chloride chlorination and ethylenediamine passivation. The physical properties and chemical structure of the synthesized NH2-CNPs were studied and the photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance was tested. The results show that NH2-CNPs are vesicle-type spherical particles with particle size of 42.16 ± 7.5 nm and have a mesoporous structure that is capable of adsorbing CO2. A defect structure was formed on the surface of the NH2-CNPs due to the doping of N and S elements, thereby significantly improving the ability to photogenerate electrons under visible light along with the ability to efficiently separate the photo-generated carriers. The photocatalytic reduction products of CO2 over NH2-CNPs were CH3OH, CO, C2H5OH, H2 and CH4. After 10 hours of reaction, the total amount of products was 807.56 μmol g−1 cat, the amount of CH3OH was 618.7 μmol g−1 cat, and the calculated selectivity for conversion of CO2 to CH3OH was up to 76.6%. Aminated coal-based carbon nanoparticles (NH2-CNPs) was fabricated. The physical properties and chemical structure of the NH2-CNPs was studied. Photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity of NH2-CNPs were measured and the reaction mechanism was discussed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Halidan Maimaiti
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Industry
- Xinjiang University
- Urumqi 830046
- China
| | - Abuduheiremu Awati
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Industry
- Xinjiang University
- Urumqi 830046
- China
| | - Dedong Zhang
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Industry
- Xinjiang University
- Urumqi 830046
- China
| | - Gunisakezi Yisilamu
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Industry
- Xinjiang University
- Urumqi 830046
- China
| | - Bo Xu
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Industry
- Xinjiang University
- Urumqi 830046
- China
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Singh A, Berrocoso JD, Dersjant-Li Y, Awati A, Jha R. Effect of a combination of xylanase, amylase and protease on growth performance of broilers fed low and high fiber diets. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mathew T, Thomas K, Nadig R, Badachi S, Awati A, Sarma G. Bifacial variant of Guillain-Barre syndrome successfully treated with steroids – a case series. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.1834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mathew T, Hareesh P, Awati A, Badachi S, Nadig R, Thomas K, D'souza D, Shivde S, Sarma G. Bell’s palsy and Guillain Barre syndrome appear to be two ends of the same spectrum: Evidences from a hospital based prospective observational study. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.1833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Amerah AM, Romero LF, Awati A, Ravindran V. Effect of exogenous xylanase, amylase, and protease as single or combined activities on nutrient digestibility and growth performance of broilers fed corn/soy diets. Poult Sci 2017; 96:807-816. [PMID: 27591284 PMCID: PMC5850305 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two trials (a 42-d performance and a 21-d cohort digestibility) were conducted to evaluate the performance and nutrient digestibility of broilers fed corn diets supplemented with exogenous xylanase, amylase, and protease as single or combined activities. A nutritionally adequate, positive control (PC) diet was formulated. The negative control (NC) diet was formulated to be lower in metabolizable energy (∼86 kcal/kg diet) and digestible amino acids (1 to 2%) compared to PC. The other 4 treatments were based on the NC and they were either supplemented with xylanase (X), amylase (A), protease (P), or a combination of X, A, and P (XAP; to provide 2,000 U of X, 200 U of A, and 4,000 U of P/kg diet). All diets were marginal in AvP and Ca and contained a background of phytase (1,000 FTU/kg). In each trial, male broiler (Ross 308) chicks were allocated to the 5 treatments (10 replicates of 20 birds/pen and 9 replicates of 8 birds/cage for the performance and digestibility trials, respectively). In the digestibility trial, ileal digesta was collected on d21 for the determination of nutrient utilization. Data were subjected to one-way ANOVA and means were separated by Tukey's HSD test. Only the XAP improved (P < 0.05) AMEn compared to NC. X, A or XAP improved (P < 0.05) N digestibility and apparent ileal digestible energy (AIDE). Both P and XAP improved N retention. The relative improvement in energy digestibility due to enzyme supplementation was greater at the ileal level than that measured in the excreta. The measured changes on AIDE due to supplemental enzymes were much higher than the sum of calculated contributions from starch, fat, and protein. Supplementation of all enzymes reduced (P < 0.05) ileal flow of soluble rhamnose and mannose relative to NC. In the performance trial, both X and XAP improved (P < 0.05) weight gain (WG) and only XAP improved (P < 0.05) FCR compared to NC during the starter phase (1-21d). Over the entire period (1–42d), WG and FI were not influenced (P > 0.05) by dietary treatments. Both X and XAP had lower (P < 0.05) FCR compared to NC (1.540 and 1.509 vs 1.567, respectively). However, birds fed diet supplemented with XAP had an improved (P < 0.05) FCR compared to birds fed single activities and had similar (P > 0.05) FCR compared to PC. In conclusion, these results suggest a synergistic effect between X, A and P on broiler performance and nutrient digestibility. In the current study, AIDE measurements appeared to overestimate the enzyme response. Calculation of the energy contribution by supplemental enzymes using the improvements in the digestibility of the undigested fraction of starch, fat and protein may be a more accurate measurement for the enzyme response than the absolute response in AIDE.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Amerah
- Danisco Animal Nutrition, DuPont Industrial Bioscience, Marlborough, SN8 1XN, UK
| | - L F Romero
- Danisco Animal Nutrition, DuPont Industrial Bioscience, Marlborough, SN8 1XN, UK
| | - A Awati
- Danisco Animal Nutrition, DuPont Industrial Bioscience, Marlborough, SN8 1XN, UK
| | - V Ravindran
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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Jiang X, Li X, Awati A, Bento H, Zhang H, Bontempo V. Effect of an essential oils blend on growth performance, and selected parameters of oxidative stress and antioxidant defence of Escherichia coli challenged piglets. J Anim Feed Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/69254/2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Flores C, Williams M, Pieniazek J, Dersjant-Li Y, Awati A, Lee J. Direct-fed microbial and its combination with xylanase, amylase, and protease enzymes in comparison with AGPs on broiler growth performance and foot-pad lesion development. J APPL POULTRY RES 2016. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfw016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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17
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Wealleans AL, Bold RM, Dersjant-Li Y, Awati A. The addition of a Buttiauxella sp. phytase to lactating sow diets deficient in phosphorus and calcium reduces weight loss and improves nutrient digestibility. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:5283-90. [PMID: 26641048 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving the efficiency of P use by pigs is especially important for lactating sows, whose metabolic requirements for P and Ca are high. The effect of a sp. phytase on lactating sow performance and nutrient digestibility was investigated using the combined data set for 6 studies. Treatments included a nutritionally adequate positive control diet (PC), a negative control diet (NC; with an average reduction of 0.16% available phosphorous and 0.15% Ca vs. PC), and NC supplemented with a sp. phytase at 250, 500, 1,000 or 2,000 phytase unit (FTU)/kg, respectively. Phosphorus and Ca deficiency in the NC resulted in significantly higher BW loss compared with the PC. All phytase treatments maintained BW loss at the same level as the PC. Increasing doses of phytase significantly ( < 0.05) reduced sow BW loss and increased energy intake, with improvements most apparent in sows older than parity 5. The positive effects on BW and energy intake were not observed in first-parity sows. This may be a consequence of fewer first parity sows in the data set. The apparent total tract digestibility of DM, OM, and CP were not affected by phytase supplementation. Digestible P and Ca were significantly improved (linear, < 0.0001; quadratic, < 0.0001) by increasing the dose of phytase supplementation. Significantly lower apparent total tract digestibility of energy, Ca, and P was found in the NC treatment vs. the PC treatment, whereas no significant differences were found between phytase treatment and the PC treatment. In conclusion, phytase supplementation at a level of 250 FTU/kg can replace 0.16% available phosphorous and 0.15% Ca; however, increasing the phytase dose can further reduce BW loss in sows fed P- and Ca- deficient diets.
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Dersjant-Li Y, van de Belt K, van der Klis J, Kettunen H, Rinttilä T, Awati A. Effect of multi-enzymes in combination with a direct-fed microbial on performance and welfare parameters in broilers under commercial production settings. J APPL POULTRY RES 2015. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfv003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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19
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Paredes SP, Jansman AJM, Verstegen MWA, Awati A, Buist W, Den hartog LA, Van hees HMJ, Quiniou N, Hendriks WH, Gerrits WJJ. Analysis of factors to predict piglet body weight at the end of the nursery phase1. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:3243-51. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. P. Paredes
- Nutreco Research and Development, Boxmeer, the Netherlands
| | | | - M. W. A. Verstegen
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - A. Awati
- Nutreco Research and Development, Boxmeer, the Netherlands
| | - W. Buist
- Biometris, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - L. A. Den hartog
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Nutreco Research and Development, Boxmeer, the Netherlands
| | | | - N. Quiniou
- IFIP–Institut du Porc, BP 35104, 35651 Le Rheu cedex, France
| | - W. H. Hendriks
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - W. J. J. Gerrits
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Bikker P, Dirkzwager A, Fledderus J, Trevisi P, le Huërou-Luron I, Lallès JP, Awati A. The effect of dietary protein and fermentable carbohydrates levels on growth performance and intestinal characteristics in newly weaned piglets1. J Anim Sci 2006; 84:3337-45. [PMID: 17093226 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2006-076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reducing the CP content and increasing the fermentable carbohydrates (FC) content of the diet may counteract the negative effects of protein fermentation in newly weaned piglets fed high-CP diets. To study the synergistic effects of CP and FC on gut health and its consequences for growth performance, 272 newly weaned piglets (26 d of age, 8.7 kg of BW) were allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, with low and high CP and low and high FC content as the factors. Eight piglets from each dietary treatment were killed on d 7 postweaning. Feces and digesta from ileum and colon were collected to determine nutrient digestibility, fermentation products, and microbial counts. In addition, jejunum tissues samples were collected for intestinal morphology and enzyme activity determination. During the entire 4-wk period, interactions between the dietary CP and FC contents were found for ADFI (P = 0.022), ADG (P = 0.001), and G:F (P = 0.033). The high-FC content reduced ADFI, ADG, and G:F in the low-CP diet, whereas the FC content did not affect growth performance in the high-CP diet. Lowering the CP content of the low-FC diet improved ADFI and ADG, whereas lowering the CP content of the high-FC diet did not influence growth performance. The low-CP diets resulted in a lower concentration of ammonia in the small intestine (P = 0.003), indicating reduced protein fermentation. In the small intestine, the high FC content increased the number of lactobacilli (P = 0.047), tended to decrease the number of coliforms (P = 0.063), tended to increase the lactic acid content (P = 0.080), and reduced the concentration of ammonia (P = 0.049). In the colon, the high-FC diets increased the concentration of total VFA (P = 0.009), acetic acid (P = 0.003), and butyric acid (P = 0.018), and tended to decrease the ammonia concentration (P = 0.076). Intestinal morphology and activity of brush border enzymes were not affected by the diet, although maltase activity tended to decrease with increasing dietary FC (P = 0.061). We concluded that an increase in the dietary FC content, and to a lesser extent a decrease in the CP content, reduced ammonia concentrations and altered the microflora and fermentation patterns in the gastrointestinal tract of weaned piglets. However, these effects were not necessarily reflected by an increased growth performance of the piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bikker
- Schothorst Feed Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands.
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21
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Pié S, Awati A, Vida S, Falluel I, Williams BA, Oswald IP. Effects of added fermentable carbohydrates in the diet on intestinal proinflammatory cytokine-specific mRNA content in weaning piglets. J Anim Sci 2006; 85:673-83. [PMID: 17121974 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2006-535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence showing that dietary supplementation with prebiotics can be effective in the treatment of intestinal inflammation. Because weaning time is characterized by rapid intestinal inflammation, this study investigated the effect of a diet supplemented with a combination of 4 fermentable carbohydrates (lactulose, inulin, sugarbeet pulp, and wheat starch) on the mRNA content of proinflammatory cytokines in newly weaned piglets. Cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p40, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) were analyzed using a semiquantitative reverse-transcription PCR technique on d 1, 4, and 10 in the ileum and colon of piglets fed either a test diet (CHO) or a control diet. In addition to the diet, the effect of enforced fasting on cytokine mRNA content was also evaluated. No effect of fasting was observed on the pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA content. Our results showed that the CHO diet induced an up-regulation of IL-6 mRNA content in the colon of piglets 4 d postweaning. This up-regulation was specific for the animals fed the CHO diet and was not observed in animals fed the control diet. An increase in IL-1beta mRNA content was also observed on d 4 postweaning in all of the piglets. Correlations between proinflammatory cytokines and the end-products of fermentation indicated that the regulation of cytokines may be linked with some of the fermentation end-products such as branched-chain fatty acids, which are in turn end-products of protein fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pié
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, UR66, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille, 31931 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
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22
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Awati A, Williams BA, Bosch MW, Gerrits WJJ, Verstegen MWA. Effect of inclusion of fermentable carbohydrates in the diet on fermentation end-product profile in feces of weanling piglets. J Anim Sci 2006; 84:2133-40. [PMID: 16864874 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2004-676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An in vivo experiment was conducted to monitor the changes in fermentation end products in the feces of weaning piglets due to the inclusion of selected fermentable carbohydrates in the diet. The experiment involved 3 groups of 16 piglets each. Specially raised piglets (neither antibiotics nor creep feeding) were weaned abruptly at 4 wk of age. The piglets were offered 1 of 2 dietary treatments [a control diet (CON), or a fermentable carbohydrate-enriched diet (CHO)] and were subjected to 1 of the 2 fasting treatments (fasting for 2 d at the beginning of the experimental period or nonfasting). Fecal samples were collected per rectum every day during the experimental period. Piglets were slaughtered at the end of the 10-d experimental period, and digesta samples were collected from different parts of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT): the first half of the small intestine, the second half of the small intestine, the cecum, and colon. The DM, VFA profile, and ammonia concentrations were analyzed from the fecal and digesta samples. Daily feed intake was also recorded. There was no difference in concentrations of VFA in feces between the treatment groups. Ammonia concentration was lower (P < 0.05) in piglets fed the CHO diet compared with those fed the CON diet in both feces and digesta from different parts of GIT. Fasting had no effect on fermentation end products in feces. This study demonstrated that the inclusion of fermentable carbohydrates in weanling diets reduces protein fermentation along the GIT and also reduced the fecal concentration of ammonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Awati
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, Netherlands.
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23
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Awati A, Williams BA, Bosch MW, Li YC, Verstegen MWA. Use of the in vitro cumulative gas production technique for pigs: An examination of alterations in fermentation products and substrate losses at various time points1. J Anim Sci 2006; 84:1110-8. [PMID: 16612013 DOI: 10.2527/2006.8451110x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to examine changes in VFA and ammonia concentrations at different time points using 4 fermentable carbohydrate-rich feed ingredients as substrates and feces of unweaned piglets as inoculum. Fecal inoculum was collected, pooled, and mixed from 9 specially raised (no creep feed or antibiotics) crossbred piglets at 3 wk of age. Inulin, lactulose, molasses-free sugar beet pulp, and wheat starch were used as substrates and were fermented in vitro for 72 h (3 replicates per substrate). Cumulative gas production was measured as an indicator of the kinetics of fermentation. In addition, 3 bottles of substrate per time point with similar contents (amounts of substrate, inoculum, and media) were incubated but were allowed to release their gas throughout incubation. For these latter bottles, fermentation fluid was sampled at incubation time points including every hour between 1 and 24 h and at 48 h, and fermentation end products (VFA, lactate, and ammonia) and OM disappearance were measured. Dry matter and ash were analyzed from the postfermentative samples. The pH of the contents from these bottles was also recorded. The correlation in time between fermentation end products and cumulative gas produced was determined. The results showed that the prolongation of fermentation to 72 h, especially in the case of fast-fermenting inulin and lactulose, may lead to a different end product profile (P < 0.001) compared with the profile observed at the time at which most of the substrate has disappeared. Therefore, we concluded that the fermentation product profile at the end of in vitro fermentation at a specific time point cannot be used to compare fermentability of carbohydrate sources with different fermentation kinetics in terms of gas production.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Awati
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Parmentier HK, Awati A, Nieuwland MGB, Schrama JW, Sijben JWC. Different sources of dietary n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and their effects on antibody responses in chickens. Br Poult Sci 2002; 43:533-44. [PMID: 12365510 DOI: 10.1080/0007166022000004444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
1. Effects of linoleic and linolenic acid provided via different oil sources on total antibody (Ab) titres, Ab isotypes after primary and secondary immunisation, and cutaneous hypersensitivity (CH) responses to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and maleyl-BSA, respectively, were studied in pullets fed on one of 4 diets. The diets were the basal control diet enriched with either sunflower oil or safflower oil as sources of linoleic acid, and linseed oil as a source of linolenic acid, tested against a control diet supplemented with animal fat. 2. Total Ab and immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype responses to BSA were affected by diet after primary, and diet x immunisation effects after secondary immunisation. Higher total Ab and IgG titres to BSA were found especially after primary immunisation in birds given the sunflower oil enriched diet, whereas birds given sunflower oil mounted significantly lower IgM titres to BSA after primary and secondary immunisation. The antibody responses to maleyl-BSA were affected by diet after primary, and immunisation x diet interactions after secondary immunisation. Sunflower oil enhanced total and IgG Ab titres to maleyl-BSA after primary immunisation, but decreased IgM titres to maleyl-BSA after primary and secondary immunisation. Cutaneous hypersensitivity responses to BSA and maleyl-BSA were not affected by the diet. 3. It is concluded that modulation of the magnitude and isotype of Ab responses of poultry to T cell-dependent antigens is affected not only by type of essential fatty acids, but also by their source. In the present study the n-6 source, sunflower oil, showed strong enhancement of primary Ab responses, directed to both Th2 and Th1 antigens. On the other hand, the different effects of safflower oil imply that constituents other than n-6 acids within dietary plant oils may affect immune responsiveness. 4. The relationship between magnitude and isotype of Ab responsiveness, type of antigen, and essential fatty acids is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Parmentier
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, The Netherlands.
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