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Cooke I, Abou Heidar N, Mahmood AW, Ahmad A, Jing Z, Stöckle M, Wagner AA, Roupret M, Kim E, Vasdev N, Balbay D, Rha KH, Aboumohamed A, Dasgupta P, Maatman TJ, Richstone L, Wiklund P, Gaboardi F, Li Q, Hussein AA, Guru K. The role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for patients with variant histology muscle invasive bladder cancer undergoing robotic cystectomy: Data from the International Robotic Cystectomy Consortium. Urol Oncol 2024; 42:117.e17-117.e25. [PMID: 38429124 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) before robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) for patients with variant histology (VH) muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). METHODS Retrospective review of 988 patients who underwent RARC (2004-2023) for MIBC. Primary outcomes included the utilization of NAC among this cohort of patients, frequency of downstaging, and discordance between preoperative and final pathology in terms of the presence of VH. Secondary outcomes included disease-specific (DSS), recurrence-free (RFS), and overall survival (OS). RESULTS A total of 349 (35%) had VH on transurethral resection or at RARC. The 4 most common VH subgroups were squamous (n = 94), adenocarcinoma (n = 64), micropapillary (n = 34), and sarcomatoid (n = 21). There was no difference in OS (log-rank: P = 0.43 for adenocarcinoma, P = 0.12 for micropapillary, P = 0.55 for sarcomatoid, P = 0.29 for squamous), RFS (log-rank: P = 0.25 for adenocarcinoma, P = 0.35 for micropapillary, P = 0.83 for sarcomatoid, P = 0.79 for squamous), or DSS (log-rank P = 0.91 for adenocarcinoma, P = 0.15 for micropapillary, 0.28 for sarcomatoid, P = 0.92 for squamous) among any of the VH based on receipt of NAC. Patients with squamous histology who received NAC were more likely to be downstaged on final pathology compared to those who did not (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Our data showed no significant difference in OS, RFS, or DSS for patients with VH MIBC cancer who received NAC before RARC. Patients with the squamous variant who received NAC had more pathologic downstaging compared to those who did not. The role of NAC among patients with VH is yet to be defined. Results were limited by small number in each individual group and lack of exact proportion of VH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Cooke
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | | | | | - Ali Ahmad
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Zhe Jing
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | | | | | | | - Eric Kim
- Washington University St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Nikhil Vasdev
- Lister Hospital (ENHT NHS Trust), Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Derya Balbay
- Koç University Hospital, Zeytinburnu/İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Koon Ho Rha
- Yonsei Medical Health Care System, Sinchon-dong, Seodaemun District, South Korea
| | | | | | | | - Lee Richstone
- Arthur Smith Institute for Urology, Lake Success, NY
| | | | | | - Qiang Li
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | | | - Khurshid Guru
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY.
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Abid R, Hussein AA, Guru KA. Artificial Intelligence in Urology: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Urol Clin North Am 2024; 51:117-130. [PMID: 37945097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Surgical fields, especially urology, have shifted increasingly toward the use of artificial intelligence (AI). Advancements in AI have created massive improvements in diagnostics, outcome predictions, and robotic surgery. For robotic surgery to progress from assisting surgeons to eventually reaching autonomous procedures, there must be advancements in machine learning, natural language processing, and computer vision. Moreover, barriers such as data availability, interpretability of autonomous decision-making, Internet connection and security, and ethical concerns must be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayyan Abid
- Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Khurshid A Guru
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center.
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Tegegn G, Melaku Y, Aliye M, Abebe A, Abdissa N, Meresa A, Degu S, Hunsen M, Hussein AA, Endale M. In vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, essential oil composition, and in silico molecular modeling analysis of secondary metabolites from roots of Verbascum sinaiticum. Z NATURFORSCH C 2024; 79:25-39. [PMID: 38414256 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2023-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Verbascum sinaiticum is locally used to treat wound, stomachache, viral infection, cancer, sunstroke fever, abdominal colic, diarrhea, hemorrhage, anthrax, and hepatitis. The objective of this study was to identify the compounds and to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the extracts and isolated compounds from V. sinaiticum. The 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and DEPT-135 were used to elucidate the structures of isolated compounds. Essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation method and their chemical analyses were performed by GC-MS. The broth microdilution method was used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity. The radical scavenging activity of the extracts and isolated compounds were evaluated using DPPH method. Silica gel column chromatographic separation of root extracts afforded seven known compounds: 3'-(4''-methoxy phenyl)-3'-oxo-propionyl hexadecanoate (1), harpagoside (2), pulverulentoside I (3), scrophuloside B4 (4), scropolioside A (5), scropolioside-D2 (6), and harpagide 6-O-β-glucoside (7), which are all reported from this species for the first time. The EO extracts from leaves and roots were the most susceptible to Streptococcus agalactiae, with a 2 mg/mL MIC. The EO from roots was effective against Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, with a MIC of 8 mg/mL. The MeOH and CH2Cl2/CH3OH (1:1) root extracts showed the maximum activity against S. epidermidis with MIC values of 0.25 mg/mL. The strongest antibacterial effects were demonstrated against Staphylococcus epidermidis, which exhibited a 0.0625 mg/mL MIC for compound 1. The strongest radical scavenging activity was exhibited by the methanol extract (IC50 = 3.4 μg/mL), and compounds 4, 6, 5, 3, 7, and 2 with IC50 values of 3.2, 3.38, 3.6, 3.8, 4.2, and 4.7 μg/mL, respectively, in comparison with ascorbic acid (IC50 = 1.3 μg/mL). The results of the molecular docking analysis of compounds revealed minimal binding energies range from -38.5 to -43.1 kJ/mol, -33.1 to -42.7 kJ/mol, -34.7 to -39.3.7 kJ/mol, -25.5 to -37.6 kJ/mol against human myeloperoxidase (PDB ID: 1DNU), murA enzyme (PDB ID: 1UAE), human topoisomerase IIβ (PDB ID: 4fm9), S. epidermidis FtsZ (PDB number: 4M8I) proteins, respectively. The docking results and the in vitro antibacterial activity are in good agreement. These findings show that the isolated compounds 2-7 can act as potential antioxidants and strong antibacterials against Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis. As a result, V. sinaiticum root extracts have the potential to be effective in treating diseases caused by bacteria and free radicals, as long as further investigation has been suggested for the ultimate decision of this plant's potential candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getachew Tegegn
- Department of Applied Chemistry, 125545 School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University , P.O. Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia
| | - Yadessa Melaku
- Department of Applied Chemistry, 125545 School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University , P.O. Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia
| | - Muhdin Aliye
- Department of Applied Chemistry, 125545 School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University , P.O. Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia
| | - Abiy Abebe
- Traditional and Modern Drug Research and Development Directorate, 70605 Armauer Hansen Research Institute , P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Negera Abdissa
- Traditional and Modern Drug Research and Development Directorate, 70605 Armauer Hansen Research Institute , P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Asfaw Meresa
- Traditional and Modern Drug Research and Development Directorate, 70605 Armauer Hansen Research Institute , P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sileshi Degu
- Traditional and Modern Drug Research and Development Directorate, 70605 Armauer Hansen Research Institute , P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mo Hunsen
- Department of Chemistry, 3475 Kenyon College , Gambier, OH 43022, USA
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, 70683 Cape Peninsula University of Technology , Bellville Campus, Bellville 7535, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Milkyas Endale
- Traditional and Modern Drug Research and Development Directorate, 70605 Armauer Hansen Research Institute , P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Tawfik ZA, Farid MEA, Shahat KME, Hussein AA, Etreby MA. Approaches for Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS)/Stereotactic Radiotherapy (SRT) in brain metastases using different radiotherapy modalities (Feasibility study). J Xray Sci Technol 2024:XST230275. [PMID: 38277334 DOI: 10.3233/xst-230275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SRS and SRT are precise treatments for brain metastases, delivering high doses while minimizing doses to nearby organs. Modern linear accelerators enable the precise delivery of SRS/SRT using different modalities like three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT), intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), and Rapid Arc (RA). OBJECTIVE This study aims to compare dosimetric differences and evaluate the effectiveness of 3DCRT, IMRT, and Rapid Arc techniques in SRS/SRT for brain metastases. METHODS 10 patients with brain metastases, 3 patients assigned for SRT, and 7 patients for SRS. For each patient, 3 treatment plans were generated using the Eclipse treatment planning system using different treatment modalities. RESULTS No statistically significant differences were observed among the three techniques in the homogeneity index (HI), maximum D2%, and minimum D98% doses for the target, with a p > 0.05. The RA demonstrated a better conformity index of 1.14±0.25 than both IMRT 1.21±0.26 and 3DCRT 1.37±0.31. 3DCRT and IMRT had lower Gradient Index values compared to RA, suggesting that they achieved a better dose gradient than RA. The mean treatment time decreased by 26.2% and 10.3% for 3DCRT and RA, respectively, compared to IMRT. In organs at risk, 3DCRT had lower maximum doses than IMRT and RA, but some differences were not statistically significant. However, in the brain stem and brain tissues, RA exhibited lower maximum doses compared to IMRT and 3DCRT. Additionally, RA and IMRT had lower V15Gy, V12Gy, and V9Gy values compared to 3DCRT. CONCLUSION While 3D-CRT delivered lower doses to organs at risk, RA and IMRT provided better conformity and target coverage. RA effectively controlled the maximum dose and irradiated volume of normal brain tissue. Overall, these findings indicate that 3DCRT, RA, and IMRT are suitable for treating brain metastases in SRS/SRT due to their improved dose conformity and target coverage while minimizing dose to healthy tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zyad A Tawfik
- Radiological Sciences Department, Inaya Medical Colleges, Riyadh, KSA
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Khaled M El Shahat
- Radiation Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Al Etreby
- Oncology Department, Dr. Soliman Fakeeh Hospital | DSFH, Jeddah, KSA
- Oncology Department, Cairo University Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
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Mohamed WA, El-Nekhily NA, Mahmoud HE, Hussein AA, Sabra SA. Prodigiosin/celecoxib-loaded into zein/sodium caseinate nanoparticles as a potential therapy for triple negative breast cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:181. [PMID: 38168547 PMCID: PMC10761898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50531-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, breast cancer is considered one of the most upsetting malignancies among females. Encapsulation of celecoxib (CXB) and prodigiosin (PDG) into zein/sodium caseinate nanoparticles (NPs) produce homogenous and spherical nanoparticles with good encapsulation efficiencies (EE %) and bioavailability. In vitro cytotoxicity study conducted on human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell lines revealed that there was a significant decline in the IC50 for encapsulated drugs when compared to each drug alone or their free combination. In addition, results demonstrated that there is a synergism between CXB and PDG as their combination indices were 0.62251 and 0.15493, respectively. Moreover, results of scratch wound healing assay revealed enhanced antimigratory effect of free drugs and fabricated NPs in comparison to untreated cells. Furthermore, In vitro results manifested that formulated nanoparticles exhibited induction of apoptosis associated with reduced angiogenesis, proliferation, and inflammation. In conclusion, nanoencapsulation of multiple drugs into nanoparticles might be a promising approach to develop new therapies for the managing of triple negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa A Mohamed
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
| | - Nefertiti A El-Nekhily
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
| | - Hoda E Mahmoud
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
| | - Sally A Sabra
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt.
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Mpofana N, Yalo M, Gqaleni N, Dlova NC, Hussein AA. Analysis of Three Species of Cassipourea Traditionally Used for Hypermelanosis in Selected Provinces in South Africa. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:237. [PMID: 38203415 PMCID: PMC10779010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a growing demand and use of herbal cosmetics for skin purposes due to their perceived safety when applied to the skin. Three Cassipourea species commonly known as "ummemezi" are used interchangeably by women in rural areas of Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces to treat hypermelanosis as well as sun protection. We conducted a phytochemical comparison of three Cassipourea species; Cassipourea flanaganii (Schinz) Alston, Cassipourea gummiflua Tul. verticillata (N.E.Br.) J. Lewis and Cassipourea malosana (Baker) Alston by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis in negative mode. The results obtained from the LC-MS/MS yielded a total number of twenty-four compounds of different chemical classes, including fatty acids, steroids, di- and tri-terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and eighteen among them were tentatively identified. The LC-MS /MS analysis showed that the three studied Cassipourea extracts contain compounds that have anti-tyrosinase activity and consequently. The presence of these compounds, either in synergy or individually, can be attributed to the anti-tyrosinase effect. Although the traditional names of the species are used interchangeably, they are different, however, they possess similar skin-lightening properties. Despite the recent popularity of modern cosmetic products, plants continue to play an important role in the local cosmetics industry in South Africa's Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal community provinces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomakhosi Mpofana
- Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (N.M.); (N.C.D.)
- Department of Somatology, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Masande Yalo
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town 8000, South Africa;
| | - Nceba Gqaleni
- Discipline of Traditional Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Ncoza Cordelia Dlova
- Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (N.M.); (N.C.D.)
| | - Ahmed A. Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town 8000, South Africa;
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Hussein AA, Bhat TA, Jing Z, Gomez EC, Wasay MA, Singh PK, Liu S, Smith G, Guru KA. Does the urinary microbiome profile change after treatment of bladder cancer? World J Urol 2023; 41:3593-3598. [PMID: 37796319 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-023-04627-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We sought to investigate the change in the urinary microbiome profile after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). METHODS Urine specimens were collected from consecutive patients with bladder cancer. Patients were divided into those with bladder tumors ("Tumor group": de novo tumors or recurrent/progressed after TURBT ± intravesical therapy) versus those without evidence of recurrence after treatment "No Recurrent Tumor group". Samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Alteration in the urinary microbiome was described in terms of alpha (diversity within a sample measured by Observed, Chao, Shannon, and Simpson indices), beta diversities (diversity among different samples measured by Brady Curtis Diversity index), and differential abundance of bacteria at the genus level. Analyses were adjusted for gender, method of preservation (frozen vs preservative), and method of collection (mid-stream vs. catheter). RESULTS Sixty-eight samples were analyzed (42 in "Tumor" vs 26 in "No Recurrent Tumor" groups). The median age was 70 years (IQR 64-74) and 85% were males. All patients in the "No Recurrent Tumor" group had non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and 85% received BCG compared to 69% and 43% for the "Tumor" group, respectively. There was no significant difference in alpha diversity (p > 0.05). Beta diversity was significantly different (p = 0.04). Veillonella and Bifidobacterium were more abundant in the "Tumor" group (> 2FC, p = 0.0002), while Escherichia-Shigella (> 2FC, p = 0.0002) and Helococcus (> 2FC, p = 0.0008) were more abundant in the "No Recurrent Tumor" group. CONCLUSION Bladder cancer patients with no recurrence and/or progression exhibited a different urinary microbiome profile compared to those with tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Hussein
- Department of Urology, A.T.L.A.S (Applied Technology Laboratory for Advanced Surgery) Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton St, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
| | - Tariq A Bhat
- Department of Urology, A.T.L.A.S (Applied Technology Laboratory for Advanced Surgery) Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton St, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Zhe Jing
- Department of Urology, A.T.L.A.S (Applied Technology Laboratory for Advanced Surgery) Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton St, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Eduardo Cortes Gomez
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton St, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Mahmood Abdul Wasay
- Department of Urology, A.T.L.A.S (Applied Technology Laboratory for Advanced Surgery) Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton St, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Prashant K Singh
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton St, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton St, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Gary Smith
- Department of Urology, A.T.L.A.S (Applied Technology Laboratory for Advanced Surgery) Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton St, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Khurshid A Guru
- Department of Urology, A.T.L.A.S (Applied Technology Laboratory for Advanced Surgery) Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton St, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
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Hussein AA, Shabir U, Mahmood AW, Harrington G, Khan M, Ahmad A, Howlader M, Colan N, Shah AA, Ghadersohi S, Jing Z, Xu B, Sule N, Kauffman E, Kuettel M, Guru K. The impact of NCCN-compliant multidisciplinary conference on the uptake of active surveillance among eligible patients with localized prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2023; 41:483.e21-483.e26. [PMID: 37945390 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2023.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We sought to investigate the impact of National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN)-compliant multidisciplinary conference on the uptake of active surveillance (AS) among eligible patients with prostate cancer. METHODS Retrospective review of our AS database was performed. Patients who are eligible for AS who sought a second opinion at a comprehensive cancer center (2010-2021) were presented to the multidisciplinary Localized Prostate Cancer Conference (LPCC) that includes urologists, radiation oncologists, pathologists, and patient advocates. Cochrane Armitage test was used to examine trends over time. Multivariable regression models were fit to evaluate variables associated with the receipt of AS. RESULTS Seven hundred twelve patients were identified (19% NCCN very low risk, 32% low risk, and 49% intermediate favorable risk). 43% were recommended AS as the preferred option by the community compared to 68% by LPCC, and 65% elected AS. Recommending AS significantly increased between 2010 and 2021 by the community (from 26% to 57%) and by LPCC (from 52% to 82%), while the proportion of men who received AS increased from 47% to 80% during the same period (P < 0.0001 for all). More recent LPCC era 2017 to 2021 (OR 12.31, 95% CI, 5.60-27.03, P < 0.0001), African American race (OR 0.42, 95% CI, 0.18-0.96, P = 0.04), positive cores at biopsy (OR 0.96, 95% CI, 0.94-0.97, P < 0.0001), age (OR 1.14, 95% CI, 1.10-1.18, P < 0.0001), NCCN low risk (OR 0.25, 95% CI, 0.08-0.81, P = 0.02) and NCCN intermediate favorable risk (OR 0.03, 95% CI, 0.01-0.09, P < 0.0001) were associated with receipt of AS. CONCLUSION AS recommendation increased significantly over time by community urologists and to a higher extent by NCCN-compliant multidisciplinary conference. The Uptake of AS significantly increased within the same period. More recent LPCC era 2017 to 2021, African American race, the proportion of positive cores at biopsy, age, and NCCN risk were the main determinants of receipt of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Hussein
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Usma Shabir
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Abdul Wasay Mahmood
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Grace Harrington
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Mohammad Khan
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Ali Ahmad
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Muhsinah Howlader
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Nicholas Colan
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Ayat A Shah
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Sarah Ghadersohi
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Zhe Jing
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Nobert Sule
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Eric Kauffman
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Michael Kuettel
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Khurshid Guru
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY.
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Shiekh M, Houenstein H, Ramahi YO, Shabir U, Ghadersohi S, Zhu D, Zhu M, Jing Z, Attwood K, Kauffman E, Aboumohamed A, Guru K, Hussein AA. Development and validation of nomogram to improve the specificity of multiparametric MRI for clinically significant prostate cancer. Int J Urol 2023; 30:876-882. [PMID: 37329258 DOI: 10.1111/iju.15225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and validate a nomogram to improve the specificity of prostate imaging reporting and data system (PI-RADS) on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for clinically significant prostate cancer on targeted fusion biopsy. METHODS A retrospective review of patients who underwent fusion biopsy for PI-RADS 3-5 lesions using UroNav and Artemis systems between 2016 and 2022 was performed. Patients were divided into those with CS disease on fusion biopsy (Gleason grade group ≥2) versus those without. Multivariable analysis was used to identify variables associated with CS disease. A 100-point nomogram was constructed, and ROC curve was generated. RESULTS 1485 lesions (1032 patients) were identified, 510 (34%) were PI-RADS 3, 586 (40%) were PI-RADS 4, and 389 (26%) were PI-RADS 5. Of these, 11% of PI-RADS 3, 39% of PI-RADS 4, and 61% of PI-RADS 5 showed CS disease. CS disease was associated with older age (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02-1.06, p < 0.01), previous negative biopsy (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.36-0.74, p < 0.01), presence of multiple PI-RADS 3-5 lesions (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.45-0.83, p < 0.01), peripheral zone location (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.30-2.70, p < 0.01), PSA density (OR 1.48 per 0.1 unit, 95% CI 1.33-1.64, p < 0.01), PI-RADS score 4 (OR 3.28, 95% CI 2.21-4.87, p < 0.01), and PI-RADS score 5 (OR 7.65, 95% CI 4.93-11.85, p < 0.01). Area under ROC curve was 82% for nomogram compared to 75% for PI-RADS score alone. CONCLUSION We report a nomogram that combines PI-RADS score with other clinical parameters. The nomogram outperforms PI-RADS score for the detection of CS prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Shiekh
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Holly Houenstein
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Yousuf O Ramahi
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Usma Shabir
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Sarah Ghadersohi
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Denzel Zhu
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Michael Zhu
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Zhe Jing
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Kristopher Attwood
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Eric Kauffman
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ahmed Aboumohamed
- Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Khurshid Guru
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
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10
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Daza J, Ahmad A, Shabir U, Jing Z, Shiekh M, Kauffman E, Guru KA, Hussein AA. Does testosterone replacement therapy increase the risk of conversion to treatment in patients with prostate cancer on active surveillance? Urol Oncol 2023; 41:429.e1-429.e7. [PMID: 37423815 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to evaluate the impact of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in patients with localized prostate cancer (CaP) who elected active surveillance (AS). METHODS A retrospective review of our CaP database was performed. Patients who received TRT while on AS were identified and were matched to a cohort of patient on AS while not on TRT (1:3) using propensity score matching. Treatment-free survival (TFS) was computed using Kaplan Meier method. Multivariable Cox regression model was used to evaluate variables associated with treatment. RESULTS Twenty-four patients in the TRT group were matched to 72 patients without TRT. Median follow-up was 5.82 years (IQR 3.27-9.30). There was no significant difference in conversion to treatment (24% vs. 21%, P = 1.00) There was no significant difference in TFS (log rank P = 0.87). Prostate specific antigen (PSA) density was the only variable associated TFS (HR 1.08, 95%CI 1.03-1.13, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION TRT was not associated with conversion to treatment in this matched analysis among patients with localized prostate cancer on AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Daza
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Ali Ahmad
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Usma Shabir
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Zhe Jing
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Mohsin Shiekh
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Eric Kauffman
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Khurshid A Guru
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY.
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Saleh N, Mahmoud HE, Eltaher H, Helmy M, El-Khordagui L, Hussein AA. Prodigiosin-Functionalized Probiotic Ghosts as a Bioinspired Combination Against Colorectal Cancer Cells. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:1271-1286. [PMID: 36030493 PMCID: PMC10491537 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09980-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus acidophilus ghosts (LAGs) with the unique safety of a probiotic, inherent tropism for colon cells, and multiple bioactivities offer promise as drug carriers for colon targeting. Our objective was to evaluate LAGs functionalized with prodigiosin (PG), apoptotic secondary bacterial metabolite, as a bioinspired formulation against colorectal cancer (CRC). LAGs were prepared by a chemical method and highly purified by density gradient centrifugation. LAGs were characterized by microscopic and staining techniques as relatively small-sized uniform vesicles (≈1.6 µm), nearly devoid of cytoplasmic and genetic materials and having a negatively charged intact envelope. PG was highly bound to LAGs envelope, generating a physiologically stable bioactive entity (PG-LAGs), as verified by multiple microscopic techniques and lack of PG release under physiological conditions. PG-LAGs were active against HCT116 CRC cells at both the cellular and molecular levels. Cell viability data highlighted the cytotoxicity of PG and LAGs and LAGs-induced enhancement of PG selectivity for HCT116 cells, anticipating dose reduction for PG and LAGs. Molecularly, expression of the apoptotic caspase 3 and P53 biomarkers in HCT116 intracellular proteins was significantly upregulated while that of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) was downregulated by PG-LAGs relative to PG and 5-fluorouracil. PG-LAGs provide a novel bacteria-based combination for anticancer biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nessrin Saleh
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hoda E Mahmoud
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hoda Eltaher
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies Division, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Maged Helmy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Labiba El-Khordagui
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Popoola OK, Marnewick JL, Iwuoha EI, Hussein AA. Methoxylated Flavonols and ent-Kaurane Diterpenes from the South African Helichrysum rutilans and Their Cosmetic Potential. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2870. [PMID: 37571023 PMCID: PMC10421400 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Chromatographic fractionation of a methanol extract of Helichrysum rutilans afforded seven known compounds. The isolated compounds were identified as 5,7,8-trihydroxy-3,6-dimethoxyflavone-8-O-2-methyl-2-butanoate (C-1), 5,7-dihydroxy-3,6,8-trimethoxyflavone (C-2), 5-hydroxy-3,6,7,8-tetramethoxyflavone (C-3), 5-hydroxy-3,6,7-trimethoxyflavone (C-4), ent-kaurenoic acid (C-5), ent-kauran-18-al (C-6), and 15-α-hydroxy-(-)-ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (C-7). Compounds C-1-C-4 demonstrated high antioxidant capacities on ORAC hydroxyl radical (2.114 ± 4.01; 2.413 ± 6.20; 1.924 ± 16.40; 1.917 ± 3.91) × 106; ORAC peroxyl radical (3.523 ± 3.22; 2.935 ± 0.13; 2.431 ± 8.63; 2.814 ± 5.20) × 103 µMTE/g; and FRAP (1251.45 ± 4.18; 1402.62 ± 5.77) µMAAE/g, respectively. Moderate inhibitory activities against Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation were observed for C-1-C-4 as IC50 values of 13.123 ± 0.34, 16.421 ± 0.92, 11.64 ± 1.72, 14.90 ± 0.06 µg/mL, respectively, while their respective anti-tyrosinase activities with IC50 values of 25.735 ± 9.62, 24.062 ± 0.61, 39.03 ± 13.12, 37.67 ± 0.98 µg/mL were also observed. All compounds demonstrated TEAC values within the range of 1105-1424 µMTE/g. The result is an indication that a methanol extract of H. rutilans might possibly be a good source of natural antioxidants against ailments caused by cellular oxidative stress and as inhibitors against skin depigmentation, as well as possible raw materials needed for slowing down perishable agricultural products. This is the first report on the phytochemical and biological evaluation of H. rutilans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olugbenga K. Popoola
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Jeanine L. Marnewick
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Emmanuel I. Iwuoha
- Chemistry Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Ahmed A. Hussein
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa;
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Klein W, Ismail E, Maboza E, Hussein AA, Adam RZ. Green-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles: Antifungal and Cytotoxic Potential for Further Dental Applications. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:379. [PMID: 37504874 PMCID: PMC10381808 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14070379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections caused by Candida albicans (C. albicans) are one of the most prevalent types of oral disorders in the elderly. It has been reported that drug resistance to fungal pathogens poses a severe risk to global healthcare systems and public health. Therefore, the goal of this work is to investigate the cytotoxic and antifungal properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) produced using three different natural extracts: Berzelia lanuginose, Helichrysum cymosum, and Searsia crenata. According to the UV-Vis results, the synthesized AgNPs via B. lanuginose, H. cymosum, and S. crenata show surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) peaks at 430, 440, and 428 nm, respectively. HR-TEM revealed different shapes for the nanoparticles within the size ranges of 16-20, 31-60, and 57-72 nm for B. lanuginose, H. cymosum, and S. crenata, respectively. Using a human oral fibroblast cell line, the cytotoxicity of both AgNPs and plant extracts was tested at concentrations of 0.007, 0.012, 0.025, and 0.062 mg/mL (buccal mucosa fibroblasts). The antifungal activity showed growth inhibition zones of approximately 18 mm, 18.67 mm, and 18.33 mm for the AgNPs conjugated with B. lanuginose, H. cymosum, and S. crenata, respectively. For the studied samples, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50) was less than 0.015 mg/mL. The AgNPs exhibited antifungal activity that was concentration- and size-dependent. The results of this study offer new insights into the cytotoxicity and antifungal activity of the green-synthesized AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Widadh Klein
- Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Parow, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Enas Ismail
- Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Parow, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science (Girl's Branch), Al Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Ernest Maboza
- Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Parow, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Razia Z Adam
- Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Parow, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
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14
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Mpofana N, Chipangura JK, Paulse M, Yalo M, Gqaleni N, Nxumalo CT, Dlova NC, Hussein AA, Crouch NR. An Investigation into the Acute and Subacute Toxicity of Extracts of Cassipourea flanaganii Stem Bark In Vivo. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2281. [PMID: 37375906 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The conventional use of medicinal plants is in part based on the widespread belief that plant crude extracts are non-toxic. In South Africa, traditional preparations of Cassipourea flanaganii used to treat hypermelanosis have accordingly been regarded by many as non-toxic. Whether that is so impacts on the potential of bark extracts to be developed as a commercial drug to treathypermelanosis, given their documented capacity to inhibit tyrosinase activity. Our study investigated the acute and subacute toxicity of the methanol extract of C. flanaganii bark in rats. Wistar rats were randomly assigned into different treatment groups. The rats received a daily oral gavage of crude extract for acute and subacute toxicity tests. Haematological, biomechanical, clinical and histopathology examinations were carried out to evaluate the possible toxicity of C. flanaganii. The results were subjected to the Student's t-test and ANOVA. For both acute and subacute toxicity, there was no statistical difference between the groups. There were no clinical or behavioral signs of toxicity observed in the rats. No treatment-related gross pathology lesions and no histopathology were observed. The findings of this study demonstrate the absence of acute or subacute toxicity after oral treatment with C. flanaganii stem bark extracts in Wistar rats at the levels administered. Chemical profiling of the total extract using LC-MS tentatively identified eleven (11) compounds as the major chemical constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomakhosi Mpofana
- Dermatology Department, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
- Department of Somatology, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - John Kudakwashe Chipangura
- Research Animal Facility, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - Michael Paulse
- Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - Masande Yalo
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - Nceba Gqaleni
- Discipline of Traditional Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | | | - Ncoza Cordelia Dlova
- Dermatology Department, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - Neil R Crouch
- Biodiversity Research and Monitoring Directorate, South African National Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 52099, Berea Road, Durban 4007, South Africa
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
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15
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Abdullah NA, Mahmoud HE, El-Nikhely NA, Hussein AA, El-Khordagui LK. Carbon dots labeled Lactiplantibacillus plantarum: a fluorescent multifunctional biocarrier for anticancer drug delivery. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1166094. [PMID: 37304143 PMCID: PMC10248154 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1166094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A carbon dots (CDs)-biolabeled heat-inactivated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (HILP) hybrid was investigated as a multifunctional probiotic drug carrier with bioimaging properties using prodigiosin (PG) as anticancer agent. HILP, CDs and PG were prepared and characterized using standard methods. CDs-labeled HILP (CDs/HILP) and PG loaded CDs/HILP were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and for entrapment efficiency (EE%) of CDs and PG, respectively. PG-CDs/HILP was examined for stability and PG release. the anticancer activity of PG-CDs/HILP was assessed using different methods. CDs imparted green fluorescence to HILP cells and induced their aggregation. HILP internalized CDs via membrane proteins, forming a biostructure with retained fluorescence in PBS for 3 months at 4°C. Loading PG into CDs/HILP generated a stable green/red bicolor fluorescent combination permitting tracking of both drug carrier and cargo. Cytotoxicity assay using Caco-2 and A549 cells revealed enhanced PG activity by CDs/HILP. LCSM imaging of PG-CDs/HILP-treated Caco-2 cells demonstrated improved cytoplasmic and nuclear distribution of PG and nuclear delivery of CDs. CDs/HILP promoted PG-induced late apoptosis of Caco-2 cells and reduced their migratory ability as affirmed by flow cytometry and scratch assay, respectively. Molecular docking indicated PG interaction with mitogenic molecules involved in cell proliferation and growth regulation. Thus, CDs/HILP offers great promise as an innovative multifunctional nanobiotechnological biocarrier for anticancer drug delivery. This hybrid delivery vehicle merges the physiological activity, cytocompatibility, biotargetability and sustainability of probiotics and the bioimaging and therapeutic potential of CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor A. Abdullah
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hoda E. Mahmoud
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nefertiti A. El-Nikhely
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Hussein
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Labiba K. El-Khordagui
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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16
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Hussein AA, Iqbal U, Jing Z, Ramahi Y, Houenstein H, Newman S, Peterson B, Krajacic K, Samoni A, Xu B, Sule N, Azabdaftari G, Kauffman EC, Mohler JL, Kuettel M, Guru KA. Impact of an NCCN-Compliant Multidisciplinary Conference on Treatment Decisions for Localized Prostate Cancer. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2023; 21:359-365.e4. [PMID: 37015336 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2022.7090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to investigate the impact of an NCCN-compliant multidisciplinary conference on treatment decisions of patients with localized prostate cancer. METHODS A retrospective review of our quality assurance localized prostate cancer database was performed. All patients with localized prostate cancer who sought a second opinion at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center between 2009 and 2019 were presented to the multidisciplinary Localized Prostate Cancer Conference (LPCC) that includes urologists, radiation oncologists, pathologists, and patient advocates. Multivariable regression models were fit to evaluate variables associated with concordance between community recommendations, LPCC recommendations, and treatment received by patients. RESULTS A total of 1,164 patients were identified, of whom 26% had NCCN very low-/low-risk, 27% had favorable intermediate-risk, 25% had unfavorable intermediate-risk, and 22% had high-/very high-risk prostate cancer. Pathology changed in 11% of patients after genitourinary pathologist review, which caused disease reclassification in 9%. Concordance between community and LPCC recommendations occurred in 78%, with lowest concordance for androgen deprivation therapy (21%) and radiotherapy (53%). Concordance between community recommendations and treatment received occurred in 65%, with lowest concordance for androgen deprivation therapy and radiotherapy; among those who were recommended radiotherapy as the only option by their community urologist, only 26% received it. Concordance between LPCC recommendations and treatment received occurred in 92%. CONCLUSIONS Community recommendations differed from the multidisciplinary NCCN-compliant recommendations in 22% of patients, primarily for radiotherapy. Multidisciplinary recommendations matched the treatment received in 92% of patients compared with 65% for community recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Hussein
- 1Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Umar Iqbal
- 1Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Zhe Jing
- 1Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Yousuf Ramahi
- 1Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Holly Houenstein
- 1Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Stephanie Newman
- 1Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Blake Peterson
- 1Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Katarina Krajacic
- 2Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Adeena Samoni
- 1Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Bo Xu
- 2Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Norbert Sule
- 2Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Gissou Azabdaftari
- 1Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Eric C Kauffman
- 1Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - James L Mohler
- 1Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Michael Kuettel
- 3Department of Radiation Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Khurshid A Guru
- 1Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
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Daza J, Grauer R, Chen S, Lavallèe E, Razdan S, Dey L, Steineck G, Renström-Koskela L, Li Q, Hussein AA, Mehrazin R, Waingankar N, Guru K, Wiklund P, Sfakianos JP. Development of a predictive model for recurrence-free survival in pTa low-grade bladder cancer. Urol Oncol 2023; 41:256.e9-256.e15. [PMID: 36941190 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2023.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on Ta low-grade (LG) non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) have shown that follow-up cystoscopies are normal in 82% and 67% of patients with single and multiple tumors, respectively. OBJECTIVE To develop a predictive model associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS) at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months in TaLG cases that consider the patients' risk aversion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from a prospectively maintained database of 202 newly diagnosed TaLG NMIBC patients treated at Scandinavian institutions were used for the analysis. To identify risk groups associated with recurrence, we performed a classification tree analysis. Association between risk groups and RFS was evaluated by Kaplan Meier analysis. A Cox proportional hazard model selected significant risk factors associated with RFS using the variables defining the risk groups. The reported C index for the Cox model was 0.7. The model was internally validated and calibrated using 1000 bootstrapped samples. A nomogram to estimate RFS at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months was generated. The performance of our model was compared to EUA/AUA stratification using a decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS The tree classification found that tumor number, tumor size and age were the most relevant variables associated with recurrence. The patients with the worst RFS were those with multifocal or single, ≥ 4cm tumors. All the relevant variables identified by the classification tree were significantly associated with RFS in the Cox proportional hazard model. DCA analysis showed that our model outperformed EUA/AUA stratification and the treat all/none approaches. CONCLUSION We developed a predictive model to identify TaLG patients that benefit from less frequent follow-up cystoscopy schedule based on the estimated RFS and personal recurrence risk aversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Daza
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Ralph Grauer
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Sophie Chen
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Etienne Lavallèe
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Shirin Razdan
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Linda Dey
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Steineck
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Qiang Li
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Reza Mehrazin
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Nikhil Waingankar
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Khurshid Guru
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Peter Wiklund
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - John P Sfakianos
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
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18
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Hussein AA, Smith G, Guru KA. The Association Between the Urinary Microbiome and Bladder Cancer. Urol Clin North Am 2023; 50:81-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2022.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Houenstein HA, Jing Z, Elsayed AS, Ramahi YO, Stöckle M, Wijburg C, Hosseini A, Wiklund P, Kim E, Kaouk J, Dasgupta P, Khan MS, Wagner AA, Syed JR, Peabody JO, Badani K, Richstone L, Mottrie A, Maatman TJ, Balbay D, Redorta JP, Rha KH, Gaboardi F, Rouprêt M, Aboumohamed A, Hussein AA, Guru KA. Analysis of Complications After Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy Between 2002-2021. Urology 2023; 171:133-139. [PMID: 36241062 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2022.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify trends in complications following robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) using a multi-institutional database, the International Robotic Cystectomy Consortium (IRCC). METHODS A retrospective review of the IRCC database was performed (2976 patients, 26 institutions from 11 countries). Postoperative complications were categorized as overall or high grade (≥ Clavien Dindo III) and were further categorized based on type/organ site. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize the data. Multivariate analysis (MVA) was used to identify variables associated with overall and high-grade complications. Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to describe the trend of complications over time. RESULTS 1777 (60%) patients developed postoperative complications following RARC, 51% of complications occurred within 30 days of RARC, 19% between 30-90 days, and 30% after 90 days. 835 patients (28%) experienced high-grade complications. Infectious complications (25%) were the most prevalent, while bleeding (1%) was the least. The incidence of complications was stable between 2002-2021. Gastrointestinal and neurologic postoperative complications increased significantly (P < .01, for both) between 2005 and 2020 while thromboembolic (P = .03) and wound complications (P < .01) decreased. On MVA, BMI (OR 1.03, 95%CI 1.01-1.05, P < .01), prior abdominal surgery (OR 1.26, 95%CI 1.03-1.56, P = .03), receipt of neobladder (OR 1.52, 95%CI 1.17-1.99, P < .01), positive nodal disease (OR 1.33, 95%CI 1.05-1.70, P = .02), length of inpatient stay (OR 1.04, 95%CI 1.02-1.05, P < .01) and ICU admission (OR 1.67, 95%CI 1.36-2.06, P < .01) were associated with high-grade complications. CONCLUSION Overall and high-grade complications after RARC remained stable between 2002-2021. GI and neurologic complications increased, while thromboembolic and wound complications decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhe Jing
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ketan Badani
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital
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Koki M, Yalo M, Makhaba M, Nako N, Rautenbach F, Badmus JA, Marnewick J, Hussein AA, Mabusela WT. Phytochemical Investigation and Biological Studies on Selected Searsia Species. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:2793. [PMID: 36297817 PMCID: PMC9606921 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Searsia is the more recent name for the genus Rhus, which contains over 250 individual species of flowering plants in the family Anacardiaceae. Several Searsia species are used in folk medicine and have been reported to exhibit various biological activities. Although known to exhibit different terpenoids and flavonoids, the chemistry of the Searsia genus is not comprehensively studied due to the structural complexity of the compounds. In this study, the extraction, isolation, and identification of secondary metabolites from three Searsia species (Searsia glauca, S. lucida, and S. laevigata) were conducted using chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques and afforded five known terpenes, viz., moronic acid (1), 21β-hydroxylolean-12-en-3-one (2), lupeol (11), α-amyrin (9), and β-amyrin (10), in addition to six known flavonoids, myricetin-3-O-β-galactopyranoside (3), rutin (4), quercetin (5), apigenin (6), amentoflavone (7), and quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside (8). The structural elucidation of the isolated compounds was determined based on NMR (1D and 2D) and comparison with the data in the literature. Biological assays, such as antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activity assays, were conducted on the plant extracts and the isolated compounds. The antioxidant capacities of hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and butanol main extracts were investigated using ferric ion reducing power (FRAP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays. The results showed high antioxidant activities for methanol and butanol extracts of the three plants. The isolated compounds were tested against alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase, and the results showed the potent activity of moronic acid (C1) (IC50 10.62 ± 0.89 and 20.08 ± 0.56 µg/mL, respectively) and amentoflavone (C7) (IC50 5.57 ± 1.12 µg/mL and 19.84 ± 1.33 µg/mL, respectively). Isolated compounds of and biological assays for S. glauca, S. lucida, and S. laevigata are reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mkhuseli Koki
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7538, South Africa
| | - Masande Yalo
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7538, South Africa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Masixole Makhaba
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7538, South Africa
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Ndikho Nako
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7538, South Africa
| | - Fanie Rautenbach
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Jelili A. Badmus
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Jeanine Marnewick
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Ahmed A. Hussein
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Wilfred T. Mabusela
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7538, South Africa
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Adewinogo SO, Sharma R, Africa CWJ, Marnewick JL, Hussein AA. Chemical Study and Comparison of the Biological Activities of the Essential Oils of Helichrysum petiolare, H. cymosum, and H. odoratissimum. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:2606. [PMID: 36235472 PMCID: PMC9573642 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Helichrysum species are prominent South African medicinal plants. From the essential oils (EOs) of three Helichrysum species, H. petiolare, H. odoratissimum, and H. cymosum, sixty-three constituent components were identified, with hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes as major components. The compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. In H. petiolare EO, the major components were faurinone (20.66%) and (E)-β-ocimene (17.21%). Faurinone was isolated from this EO for the first time. In H. odoratissimum, 1,8-cineole (17.44%) and α-pinene, and γ-curcumene (15.76%) were the major components whereas, in H. cymosum, α-pinene (29.82%) and (E)-caryophyllene (19.20%) were the major components. In the antibacterial activity study, the EOs were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The EOs were found to possess low antibacterial, anti-tyrosinase, and photoprotection activities and moderate antioxidant capacities, thus establishing these Helichrysum EOs as valuable antioxidant agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena O. Adewinogo
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville Campus, Symphony Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Rajan Sharma
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville Campus, Symphony Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | | | - Jeanine L. Marnewick
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Ahmed A. Hussein
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville Campus, Symphony Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa
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Ramahi YO, Shiekh M, Shah AA, Houenstein H, Ely HB, Shabir U, Jing Z, Li Q, Hussein AA, Guru KA. Uretero-enteric Strictures after Robot Assisted Radical Cystectomy: Prevalence and Management Over Two Decades. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2022; 21:e19-e26. [PMID: 36372690 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To evaluate the prevalence, predictors, management, and trends for ureteroenteric strictures (UES) after robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC). METHODS Retrospective review of our RARC database was performed (2005-2022). UES was described in terms of timing, laterality, and management. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to depict time to UES. Local regression was used to assess trend of UES over time and multivariable regression to identify variables associated with UES. RESULTS UES occurred in 109 patients (15%). UES occurred in 13%, 17%, and 19% at 1, 3, and 5 years after RARC, respectively. Incidence of UES decreased in 2017, coinciding with stentless uretero-enteric anastomosis. UES occurred on the right in 33%, on the left in 46%, and bilaterally in 21%. All patients were initially managed by nephrostomy/stent. Surgical revision was required in 45% of patients, of which 13% developed recurrent UES after revision. On MVA, UES formation was associated with ureteral stents (OR 2.27, 95%CI 1.01-5.10, P = .05) and receipt of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (OR 2.01, 95%CI 1.24-3.25, P = .005). CONCLUSION UES occurred in 15% of patients after RARC, with 45% of patients requiring surgical reimplantation. Ureteral stents and the receipt of neoadjuvant chemotherapy were associated with UES formation.
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Wang L, Hussein AA, Guru K, Li Q. Robotic ileal ureter with bladder augmentation in a modified Studer fashion for a long ureteral stricture and small bladder. Urology Video Journal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolvj.2022.100182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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Yalo M, Makhaba M, Hussein AA, Sharma R, Koki M, Nako N, Mabusela WT. Characterization of Four New Compounds from Protea cynaroides Leaves and Their Tyrosinase Inhibitory Potential. Plants 2022; 11:plants11131751. [PMID: 35807702 PMCID: PMC9269349 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Protea cynaroides (king protea) is a flowering plant that belongs to the Proteaceae family. This multi-stemmed shrub is the national flower of South Africa and has important economic and medicinal values. Traditionally, the main therapeutic benefits of this plant species include the treatment of cancer, bladder, and kidney ailments. There are very limited reports on the isolation of phytochemicals and their biological evaluation from P. cynaroides. In this study, the leaves of P. cynaroides were air-dried at room temperature, powdered, and extracted with 80% methanol followed by solvent fractionation (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and butanol). The ethyl acetate and butanol extracts were chromatographed and afforded four new (1–4) and four known (5–8) compounds, whose structures were characterized accordingly as 3,4-bis(4-hydroxybenzoyl)-1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol (1), 4-hydroxybenzoyl-1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol (2), 2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-oxo-4H-pyran-3-yl-6-O-benzoate-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), 3-hydroxy-7,8-dihydro-β-ionone 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (5), 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol (6), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (7), and 3-hydroxykojic acid (8). The structural elucidation of the isolated compounds was determined based on 1D and 2D NMR, FTIR, and HRMS spectroscopy, as well as compared with the available literature data. The tyrosinase inhibitory activities of the extracts and isolated compounds were also determined. According to the results, compounds 7 and 8 exhibited potent competitive tyrosinase inhibitory activity against L-tyrosine substrates with IC50 values of 0.8776 ± 0.012 and 0.7215 ± 0.090 µg/mL compared to the control (kojic acid, IC50 = 0.8347 ± 0.093), respectively. This study is the first chemical investigation of compounds 1–4 from a natural source and the first report of the biological evaluation of compounds 1–5 against the tyrosinase enzyme. The potent anti-tyrosinase activity exhibited by P. cynaroides constituents will support future exploration of the plant in the cosmetic field upon further biological and clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masande Yalo
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (M.Y.); (M.M.); (M.K.); (N.N.)
| | - Masixole Makhaba
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (M.Y.); (M.M.); (M.K.); (N.N.)
| | - Ahmed A. Hussein
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa; (A.A.H.); (R.S.)
| | - Rajan Sharma
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa; (A.A.H.); (R.S.)
| | - Mkhuseli Koki
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (M.Y.); (M.M.); (M.K.); (N.N.)
| | - Ndikho Nako
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (M.Y.); (M.M.); (M.K.); (N.N.)
| | - Wilfred T. Mabusela
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (M.Y.); (M.M.); (M.K.); (N.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-(0)21-959-3052; Fax: +27-(0)21-959-1281
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Hussein AA, Mohsin R, Qureshi H, Leghari R, Jing Z, Ramahi YO, Rizvi I, Guru KA, Rizvi A. Transition from da Vinci to Versius robotic surgical system: initial experience and outcomes of over 100 consecutive procedures. J Robot Surg 2022; 17:419-426. [PMID: 35752748 DOI: 10.1007/s11701-022-01422-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We sought to describe the development of the robotic urology program at Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT) and the feasibility of transitioning from the da Vinci to Versius robotic systems. The SIUT robotics program began in 2017 utilizing the da Vinci Si robotic system, transitioning to the Versius system in 2021. Retrospective review of our quality assurance database was performed. All procedures performed utilizing the two systems were identified, analyzed, and compared. Data were described with descriptive statistics. Matched procedures (by type of procedure) performed by the same surgeons utilizing the da Vinci and Versius were compared. All tests were double-sided with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.106 cases were performed by the Versius robotic surgical system in 2021. Median age was 42 years (IQR 26-56), and 69 (65%) were males. Procedures included both benign (83%) and malignant disorders (17%), several upper tract (75%), and pelvic/lower tract (25%). No major intraoperative complications were observed. Conversion to open occurred in six procedures. Malfunction of the robotic arms occurred in two procedures: the erroneous bedside units (BSU) were replaced. Eight patients developed postoperative high-grade complications. Matched analysis of various procedures (pyeloplasty, stone surgery, radical, partial, and simple nephrectomy) showed no significant difference in perioperative outcomes. To our knowledge, this is the first and largest series of urologic procedures performed by the Versius robotic surgical system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Hussein
- Department of Urology, A.T.L.A.S (Applied Technology Laboratory for Advanced Surgery) Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton St Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Rehan Mohsin
- Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, 74200, Pakistan
| | - Harris Qureshi
- Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, 74200, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Leghari
- Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, 74200, Pakistan
| | - Zhe Jing
- Department of Urology, A.T.L.A.S (Applied Technology Laboratory for Advanced Surgery) Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton St Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Yousuf O Ramahi
- Department of Urology, A.T.L.A.S (Applied Technology Laboratory for Advanced Surgery) Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton St Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Irfan Rizvi
- Mid Atlantic Permanente Medical Group PC, McLean, VA, 22102, USA
| | - Khurshid A Guru
- Department of Urology, A.T.L.A.S (Applied Technology Laboratory for Advanced Surgery) Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton St Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
| | - Adib Rizvi
- Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, 74200, Pakistan
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Iqbal U, Doherty P, Elsayed AS, Jing Z, Rogers C, Boris R, Porter J, Allaf M, Badani KK, Stifelman M, Kaouk J, Terakawa T, Hinata N, Aboumohamed AA, Kauffman EC, Li Q, Abaza R, Guru KA, Hussein AA, Eun D, Shah A. MP50-15 DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AN OBJECTIVE SCORING TOOL FOR ROBOT ASSISTED PARTIAL NEPHRECTOMY: SCORING FOR PARTIAL NEPHRECTOMY (SPAN). J Urol 2022. [DOI: 10.1097/ju.0000000000002625.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Elsayed AS, Iqbal U, Jing Z, Houenstein HA, Wijburg C, Wiklund P, Kim E, Stöckle M, Kelly J, Dasgupta P, Wagner AA, Kaouk J, Badani KK, Redorta JP, Mottrie A, Peabody JO, Rouprêt M, Balbay D, Richstone L, Rha KH, Aboumohamed A, Li Q, Hussein AA, Guru KA. Relapses Rates and Patterns for Pathological T0 After Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy: Results From the International Robotic Cystectomy Consortium. Urology 2022; 166:177-181. [PMID: 35461914 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2022.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the oncologic outcomes of pT0 after robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC). METHODS A retrospective review of the International Robotic Cystectomy Consortium database was performed. Patients with pT0 after RARC were identified and analyzed. Data were reviewed for demographics and pathologic outcomes. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to depict recurrence-free survival (RFS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and overall survival (OS). Multivariate stepwise Cox regression models were used to identify variables associated with RFS and OS. RESULTS Four hundred seventy-one patients (18%) with pT0 were identified. Median age was 68 years (interquartile range (IQR) 60-73), with a median follow up of 20 months (IQR 6-47). Thirty-seven percent received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 5% had pN+ disease. Seven percent of patients experienced disease relapse; 3% had local and 5% had distant recurrence. Most common sites of local and distant recurrences were pelvis (1%) and lungs (2%). Five-year RFS, DSS, and OS were 88%, 93%, and 79%, respectively. Age (hazards ratio [HR] 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.09, P = 0.02), pN+ve (HR 11.48, 95% CI 4.47-29.49, P < .01), and reoperations within 30 days (HR 5.53, 95% CI 2.08-14.64, P < .01) were associated with RFS. Chronic kidney disease (HR 3.24, 95% CI 1.45-7.23, P < .01), neoadjuvant chemotherapy (HR 0.41, 95% CI 0.18-0.92, P = .03), pN+ve (HR 4.37, 95% CI 1.46-13.06, P < .01), and reoperations within 30 days (HR 2.64, 95% CI, 1.08-6.43, P = .03) were associated with OS. CONCLUSIONS Despite pT0 status at RARC, 5% had pN+ disease and 7% of patients relapsed. Node status was the variable strongest associated with RFS and OS in pT0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Elsayed
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Umar Iqbal
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Zhe Jing
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Holly A Houenstein
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | | | | | - Eric Kim
- Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - John Kelly
- University College of London, Greater London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Ketan K Badani
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY
| | | | - Alexandre Mottrie
- Orsi Academy/OLVZ (Onze-Lieve-Vrouwziekenhuis Ziekenhuis) Aalst, Flanders, Belgium
| | | | - Morgan Rouprêt
- Sorbonne University, GRC 5 Predictive Onco-Uro, AP-HP, Urology, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Koon Ho Rha
- Yonsei Medical Health Care System (Severance Hospital), Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Ahmed Aboumohamed
- Montefiore Medical Center (Albert Einstein College of Medicine), New York, NY
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Khurshid A Guru
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY.
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Etsassala NGER, Badmus JA, Marnewick JL, Egieyeh S, Iwuoha EI, Nchu F, Hussein AA. Alpha-Glucosidase and Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory Activities, Molecular Docking, and Antioxidant Capacities of Plectranthus ecklonii Constituents. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020378. [PMID: 35204260 PMCID: PMC8869333 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Shortage in insulin secretion or degradation of produced insulin is the principal characteristic of the metabolic disorder of diabetes mellitus (DM). However, because the current medications for the treatment of DM have many detrimental side effects, it is necessary to develop more effective antidiabetic drugs with minimal side effects. Alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitors are directly implicated in the delay of carbohydrate digestion. Pharmacologically, these inhibitors could be targeted for the reduction in glucose absorption rate and, subsequently, decreasing the postprandial rise in plasma glucose and the risk for long-term diabetes complications. The main objectives of this research study were to isolate different phytochemical constituents present in the methanolic extract of Plectranthusecklonii and evaluate their alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitory activities and antioxidant capacity. The phytochemical investigation of the methanolic extract of P. ecklonii yielded three known compounds, viz. parvifloron D, F, and G (1–3, respectively). Parvifloron G was isolated for the first time from P. ecklonii. The in vitro bio-evaluation of the methanolic extract of P. ecklonii and its isolated compounds against alpha-glucosidase showed that 3 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 41.3 ± 1.2 μg/mL. Molecular docking analysis confirmed the alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity demonstrated by 3. Additionally, strong antioxidant capacities were demonstrated by 3 and 1 on ORAC (28726.1 ± 8.1; 3942.9.6.6 ± 0.1 µM TE/g), respectively, which were comparable with the reference antioxidant epigallocatechingallate (EGCG). Furthermore, 3 also showed strong activity on TEAC (3526.1 ± 0.6 µM TE/g), followed by 2 (1069.3 ± 2.4 µM TE/g), as well as on FRAP (1455.4 ± 2.0 µM AAE/g). The methanolic extract of P. ecklonii is a rich source of abietane diterpenes with strong antioxidant activities. This is the first scientific report on alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitory activities, molecular docking, and antioxidant capacities of P. ecklonii constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninon G. E. R. Etsassala
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Road, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-810-728-472
| | - Jelili A. Badmus
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (J.A.B.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Jeanine L. Marnewick
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (J.A.B.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Samuel Egieyeh
- School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Emmanuel. I. Iwuoha
- Chemistry Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Felix Nchu
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Road, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa;
| | - Ahmed A. Hussein
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
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Mady MS, Elsayed HE, El-Sayed EK, Hussein AA, Ebrahim HY, Moharram FA. Polyphenolic profile and ethno pharmacological activities of Callistemonsubulatus (Cheel) Craven leaves cultivated in Egypt. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 284:114698. [PMID: 34600075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Callistemon (syn. Melaleuca) of the myrtle family (Myrtaceae) has been documented as an integral part in the ethnobotanical system of the indigenous people of Australian mainland and many of its islands. Several Callistemons including the species subulatus were used by aboriginal Australians for making rafts, roofs for shelters, bandages, and food recipes, in addition to the management of wounds, infections, pain, cough, bronchitis, and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY The current study is designed to document the therapeutic effect of the aqueous methanolic extract (AME) of C. sabulatus Chell (syn. M. sabulata) leaves in the management of diarrhea and pain. Also, its influence on additional pharmacological modalities that are related to oxidative stress just as skin aging. Ultimately, the polyphenolic profile of the extract is disclosed and correlated to the aforementioned bioactivities. MATERIALS AND METHODS The extract was fractionated using various chromatography techniques and the structures of the isolated compounds were determined based on their chemical and spectral data. The antioxidant activity was assessed using multiple models, including 2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and β-carotene bleaching assays. The anti-skin aging effect was evaluated using different relevant enzymatic assays. The antinociceptive activity was investigated using acetic acid-induced writhing, hot plate test, and formalin-induced paw licking in mice models. The antidiarrheal activity was gauge using the castor oil induced diarrhea, enter pooling and gastrointestinal motility in vivo models. RESULTS Diverse polyphenols, including quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (1), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (2), strictinin (3), quercetin-3-O-(2``-O-galloyl)-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (4), afzelin (5), di-galloyl glucose (6), mono-galloyl glucose (7), acacetin (8), apigenin-6,7-dimethyl ether (9), kaempferol trimethyl ether (10), dimethoxy chrysin (11), quercetin (12), kaempferol (13), methyl gallate (14), and gallic acid (15) were identified. The extract exhibited as significant antioxidant activity even better than that of Trolox or BHT. Moreover, it exerts elastase, tyrosinase, and collagenase inhibition activities, in addition to the significant peripheral and central analgesic activity in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.0001). In castor oil induced diarrhea model, AME significantly prolonged the diarrhea onset, decreased the frequency of defecation, and weight of feces. Likewise, it exhibited a significant reduction in the gastrointestinal motility in charcoal meal model (P < 0.0001) and a considerable inhibitory effect on gastrointestinal transit and peristaltic index with all investigated doses (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Ethnobotanicals are versatile resources for the management of various ailments by indigenous people and the experimental research is utmost to validate and uncover their pharmacological relevance. C. sabulatus leaves have strong antioxidant, analgesic, anti-skin aging, and antidiarrheal activities which are validated for the first time by various in vitro and in vivo models. The metabolic profile of the unprecedented AME of C. sabulatus leaves compromises a wide array of bioactive polyphenolic metabolites including, flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic acids that are correlated to the observed bioactivities. Altogether, ethnobotanicals with high and diverse contents of polyphenols are potential candidates for the management of various human aliments including neuropathies, GIT disorders, and skin aging conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Mady
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University. Ein Helwan, Cairo, 11795, Egypt
| | - Heba E Elsayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University. Ein Helwan, Cairo, 11795, Egypt
| | - Elsayed K El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Cairo, 11795, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Hassan Y Ebrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University. Ein Helwan, Cairo, 11795, Egypt
| | - Fatma A Moharram
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University. Ein Helwan, Cairo, 11795, Egypt.
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Elsayed AS, Ely HB, Abdelhakim MA, Saad IR, Jing Z, Iqbal U, Ramahi Y, Joseph J, Houenstein H, James G, Peabody JO, Razzak OA, Hussein AA, Guru KA. Preservation of Endopelvic Fascia, Puboprostatic Ligaments, Dorsal Venous Complex and Hydrodissection of the Neurovascular Bundles during Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: A Video Demonstration and Propensity Score Matched Outcomes. Urology Video Journal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolvj.2022.100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Badawy M, Fawaz LA, Abd El Baky H, Elkhashab A, Hussein AA, Mira MF. Reference values for penile and clitoral lengths of healthy term Egyptian newborn infants. J Paediatr Child Health 2022; 58:157-162. [PMID: 34369621 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.15686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Examination of the external genital organs is an integral part of the routine physical examination of the newborn. Early recognition of micropenis or clitoromegaly is important as they may be the only obvious manifestation of pituitary or hypothalamic hormonal deficiencies at birth. Studies suggest that differences in penile or clitoral anthropometry may exist between different populations. Therefore, reference values for genital organs dimensions should be available and well known to medical personnel. We aim to establish reference values for the penile length in Egyptian newborn boys and reference values for the clitoral length in Egyptian newborn girls and to define micropenis and clitoromegaly according to Egyptian reference values. METHODS A total of 500 healthy term newborn boys and 500 healthy term newborn girls were enrolled in the study. Stretched penile length and clitoral length were measured during the first 7 days of postnatal life. Birth weight, length and head circumference were measured and recorded. RESULTS The mean (±SD) stretched penile length was 3.16 ± 0.41 cm. The mean (±SD) clitoral length was 0.51 ± 0.13. There was no significant correlation between penile or clitoral length, and body weight, length or head circumference. CONCLUSION Our study provides reference values for normal penile length and clitoral length in Egyptian newborns. Our study suggests that among healthy term Egyptian newborns, penile length of less than 2.13 cm may be considered micropenis and clitoral length of more than 0.83 cm may be considered clitoromegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Badawy
- Department of Pediatrics, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lubna A Fawaz
- Department of Pediatrics, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Amr Elkhashab
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Al Galaa Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Marwa F Mira
- Department of Pediatrics, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Nabhan AF, Mburu G, Elshafeey F, Magdi R, Kamel M, Elshebiny M, Abuelnaga YG, Ghonim M, Abdelhamid MH, Ghonim M, Eid P, Morsy A, Nasser M, Abdelwahab N, Elhayatmy F, Hussein AA, Elgabaly N, Sawires E, Tarkhan Y, Doas Y, Farrag N, Amir A, Gobran MF, Maged M, Abdulhady M, Sherif Y, Dyab M, Kiarie J. OUP accepted manuscript. Hum Reprod Open 2022; 2022:hoac005. [PMID: 35280216 PMCID: PMC8907405 DOI: 10.1093/hropen/hoac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What is the scope of literature regarding women’s reproductive span in terms of definitions, trends and determinants? SUMMARY ANSWER The scoping review found a wide variation in definitions, trends and determinants of biological, social and effective women’s reproductive span. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY A woman’s reproductive span refers to her childbearing years. Its span influences a woman’s reproductive decisions. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A systematic scoping review was conducted. We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, JSTOR, CINAHL, Web of Science and Scopus electronic databases from inception to January 2021 without imposing language or date restrictions. We searched unpublished sources including the Global Burden of Disease, Demographic and Health Surveys, and National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. The list of relevant references was searched by hand. Sixty-seven reports on women’s reproductive span were included in this review. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS This scoping systematic review followed an established framework. The reporting of this scoping review followed the reporting requirements provided in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, Extension for Scoping Reviews. Identified records were independently screened and data were extracted. We performed conceptual synthesis by grouping the studies by available concepts of reproductive span and then summarized definitions, measures used, temporal trends, determinants, and broad findings of implications on population demographics and assisted reproduction. Structured tabulation and graphical synthesis were used to show patterns in the data and convey detailed information efficiently, along with a narrative commentary. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A total of 67 relevant reports on women’s reproductive span were published between 1980 and 2020 from 74 countries. Most reports (42/67) were cross-sectional in design. Literature on reproductive span was conceptually grouped as biological (the interval between age at menarche and age at menopause), effective (when a woman is both fertile and engaging in sexual activity) and social (period of exposure to sexual activity). We summarized the working definitions, trends and determinants of each concept. Few articles addressed implications on demographics and assisted reproduction. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION A formal assessment of methodological quality of the included studies was not performed because the aim of this review was to provide an overview of the existing evidence base regardless of quality. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The review produced a comprehensive set of possible definitions of women’s reproductive span, trends, and potential determinants. Further advancement of these findings will involve collaboration with relevant stakeholders to rate the importance of each definition in relation to demography and fertility care, outline a set of core definitions, identify implications for policy, practice or research and define future research opportunities to explore linkages between reproductive spans, their determinants, and the need for assisted reproduction. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work received funding from the UNDP-UNFPA-UNICEF-WHO-World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), a cosponsored programme executed by the World Health Organization (WHO). The authors had no competing interests. STUDY REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Nabhan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, El-Khalifa El-Maamoun Street, Cairo 11341, Egypt. E-mail: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4572-2210
| | - G Mburu
- The UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP Research), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Elshafeey
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - R Magdi
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Kamel
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Elshebiny
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Y G Abuelnaga
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Ghonim
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M H Abdelhamid
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mo Ghonim
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - P Eid
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A Morsy
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Nasser
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - N Abdelwahab
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - F Elhayatmy
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A A Hussein
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - N Elgabaly
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - E Sawires
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Y Tarkhan
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Y Doas
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - N Farrag
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A Amir
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M F Gobran
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Maged
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Abdulhady
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Y Sherif
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Dyab
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - J Kiarie
- The UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP Research), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Iqbal U, Jing Z, Ahmed Y, Elsayed AS, Rogers C, Boris R, Porter J, Allaf M, Badani K, Stifelman M, Kaouk J, Terakawa T, Hinata N, Aboumohamed AA, Kauffman E, Li Q, Abaza R, Guru KA, Hussein AA, Eun D. Development and Validation of an Objective Scoring Tool for Robot-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy: Scoring for Partial Nephrectomy. J Endourol 2021; 36:647-653. [PMID: 34809491 DOI: 10.1089/end.2021.0706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To develop a structured and objective scoring tool for assessment of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN): Scoring for Partial Nephrectomy (SPaN). Materials and Methods: Content development: RAPN was deconstructed into 6 domains by a multi-institutional panel of 10 expert robotic surgeons. Performance on each domain was represented on a Likert scale of 1 to 5, with specific descriptions of anchors 1, 3, and 5. Content validation: The Delphi methodology was utilized to achieve consensus about the description of each anchor for each domain in terms of appropriateness of the skill assessed, objectiveness, clarity, and unambiguous wording. The content validity index (CVI) of ≥0.75 was set as cutoff for consensus. Reliability: 15 de-identified videos of RAPN were utilized to determine the inter-rater reliability using linearly weighted percent agreement, and Construct validation of SPaN was described in terms of median scores and odds ratios. Results: The expert panel reached consensus (CVI ≥0.75) after 2 rounds. Consensus was achieved for 36 (67%) statements in the first round and 18 (33%) after the second round. The final six-domain SPaN included Exposure of the kidney; Identification and dissection of the ureter and gonadal vessels; Dissection of the hilum; Tumor localization and exposure; Clamping and tumor resection; and Renorrhaphy. The linearly weighted percent agreement was >0.75 for all domains. There was no difference between median scores for any domain between attendings and trainees. Conclusion: Despite the lack of significant construct validity, SPaN is a structured, reliable, and procedure-specific tool that can objectively assesses technical proficiency for RAPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Iqbal
- A.T.L.A.S. (Applied Technology Laboratory for Advanced Surgery), Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Zhe Jing
- A.T.L.A.S. (Applied Technology Laboratory for Advanced Surgery), Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Youssef Ahmed
- A.T.L.A.S. (Applied Technology Laboratory for Advanced Surgery), Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ahmed S Elsayed
- A.T.L.A.S. (Applied Technology Laboratory for Advanced Surgery), Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA.,Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Craig Rogers
- Henry Ford Health Systems, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ronald Boris
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - James Porter
- Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mohammad Allaf
- Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ketan Badani
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - Nobuyuki Hinata
- Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Eric Kauffman
- A.T.L.A.S. (Applied Technology Laboratory for Advanced Surgery), Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Qiang Li
- A.T.L.A.S. (Applied Technology Laboratory for Advanced Surgery), Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | | | - Khurshid A Guru
- A.T.L.A.S. (Applied Technology Laboratory for Advanced Surgery), Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- A.T.L.A.S. (Applied Technology Laboratory for Advanced Surgery), Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA.,Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Daniel Eun
- Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Gopalakrishnan D, Elsayed AS, Hussein AA, Jing Z, Li Q, Wagner AA, Aboumohamed A, Roupret M, Balbay D, Wijburg C, Stockle M, Dasgupta P, Khan MS, Wiklund P, Hosseini A, Peabody J, Shigemura K, Trump D, Guru KA, Chatta G. Impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on survival and recurrence patterns after robot-assisted radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: Results from the International Robotic Cystectomy Consortium. Int J Urol 2021; 29:197-205. [PMID: 34923677 DOI: 10.1111/iju.14749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on survival and recurrence patterns in muscle-invasive bladder cancer after robot-assisted radical cystectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The International Robotic Cystectomy Consortium database was reviewed to identify patients who underwent robot-assisted radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer between 2002 and 2019. Survival outcomes, response rates, and recurrence patterns were compared between patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and those who did not. Survival distributions were estimated using Kaplan-Meier analyses and compared using the log-rank test. RESULTS A total of 1370 patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer were identified, of whom 353 (26%) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. After a median follow-up of 27 months, neoadjuvant chemotherapy recipients had higher 3-year overall survival (74% vs 57%; log-rank P < 0.01), 3-year cancer-specific survival (83% vs 73%; log-rank P = 0.03), and 3-year relapse-free survival (64% vs 48%; log-rank P < 0.01). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was a predictor of higher overall survival, cancer-specific survival, and relapse-free survival in univariate but not multivariate analysis. Pathological downstaging (46% vs 23%; P < 0.01), complete responses (24% vs 8%; P < 0.01), and margin negativity (95% vs 91%; P < 0.01) at robot-assisted radical cystectomy were more common in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy recipients had lower distant (15% vs 22%; P < 0.01) but similar locoregional (12% vs 13%; P = 0.93) recurrence rates. CONCLUSIONS In this analysis from a large international database, patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy before robot-assisted radical cystectomy had higher rates of survival, pathological downstaging, and margin-negative resections. They also experienced fewer distant recurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed S Elsayed
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Zhe Jing
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Qiang Li
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Andrew A Wagner
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ahmed Aboumohamed
- Montefiore Medical Center (Albert Einstein College of Medicine), Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Morgan Roupret
- Sorbonne University, GRC 5 Predictive Onco-Uro, AP-HP, Urology, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Carl Wijburg
- Rijnstate Hospital - Stichting, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Stockle
- Saarland University Hospital and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Homburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Donald Trump
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Khurshid A Guru
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Gurkamal Chatta
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Iqbal U, Houenstein HA, Elsayed AS, Jing Z, James G, Hussein AA, Guru KA. Ileal conduit versus neobladder: A propensity score-matched analysis of the effect on renal function. Int J Urol 2021; 29:158-163. [PMID: 34879435 DOI: 10.1111/iju.14747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the long-term effects of continent (neobladder) compared with incontinent (ileal conduit) urinary diversion. METHODS We carried out a retrospective review of our departmental database. Estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. Neobladder and ileal conduit patients were matched in a 1:2 ratio and a propensity score-matched analysis was carried out. Data were summarized using descriptive analysis. Trend plots were generated using baseline and follow-up creatinine values to compare estimated glomerular filtration rate at 3 months, then annually for 5 years. Variables associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate were assessed using multivariate linear analysis. RESULTS Our cohort consisted of 137 patients (neobladder n = 50 and ileal conduit n = 87) with a median follow-up time of 3 years (interquartile range 1-7 years). The ileal conduit group had shorter operative times (352 vs 444 min, P < 0.01), intracorporeal diversions were more common (66% vs 44%, P = 0.01), had prior abdominal surgery (66% vs 38%, P < 0.01) and had radiation (9% vs 0%, P = 0.03). The neobladder group more commonly had recurrent urinary tract infections (22% vs 3%, P < 0.01) and a steeper decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate in the first year. On multivariate linear analysis, age/year (-0.59), body mass index per kg/m2 (-0.52), preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate per unit (0.51), recurrent urinary tract infections (-14.03) and time versus day 90 (year 1, -7.52; year 2, -9.06; year 3, -10.78) were significantly associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate. CONCLUSION Ileal conduits and neobladders showed a similar effect on the estimated glomerular filtration rate up to 5 years after robot-assisted radical cystectomy. Recurrent urinary tract infections were associated with a worse estimated glomerular filtration rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Iqbal
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Zhe Jing
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Akinfenwa AO, Abdul NS, Docrat FT, Marnewick JL, Luckay RC, Hussein AA. Cytotoxic Effects of Phytomediated Silver and Gold Nanoparticles Synthesised from Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis), and Aspalathin. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10112460. [PMID: 34834822 PMCID: PMC8620073 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The green chemistry approach has continuously been applied for the synthesis of functional nanomaterials to reduce waste, environmental hazards, and the use of toxic chemicals among other reasons. Bioactive natural compounds have been found great potential in this regard and are used to improve the stability, activity, and biodistribution of metal nanoparticles (MNPs). Aspalathin (ASP) from Aspalathus linearis (rooibos) has a well-defined pharmacological profile and functional groups capable of both reducing and capping agents in the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles (NP). This study provides the first report of the phytomediated synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles (AuNPs/AgNPs) via ASP and the green rooibos (GR) extract. The study demonstrated a green chemistry approach to the biosynthesis of nanoparticles of GR-AuNPs, ASP-AuNPs, GR-AgNPs, and ASP-AgNPs. The results showed that GR and ASP could act both as reducing and stabilising agents in the formation of crystalline, with different shapes and dispersity of NPs in the ranges of 1.6-6.7 nm for AgNPs and 7.5-12.5 nm for the AuNPs. However, the ASP NPs were less stable in selected biogenic media compared to GR NPs and were later stabilised with polyethene glycol. The cytotoxicity studies showed that GR-AgNPs were the most cytotoxic against SH-SY5Y and HepG2 with IC50 108.8 and 183.4 μg/mL, respectively. The cellular uptake analysis showed a high uptake of AuNPs and indicated that AgNPs of rooibos at a lower dose (1.3-1.5 μg/mL) is favourable for its anticancer potential. This study is a contribution to plant-mediated metallic nanoparticles using a pure single compound that can be further developed for targeted drug delivery for cancer cells treatments in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akeem O. Akinfenwa
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Naeem S. Abdul
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (N.S.A.); (F.T.D.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Fathima T. Docrat
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (N.S.A.); (F.T.D.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Jeanine L. Marnewick
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (N.S.A.); (F.T.D.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Robbie C. Luckay
- Chemistry & Polymer Science Department, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa;
| | - Ahmed A. Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-21-959-6193; Fax: +27-21-959-3055
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Dalimov Z, Iqbal U, Jing Z, Wiklund P, Kaouk J, Kim E, Wijburg C, Wagner AA, Roupret M, Dasgupta P, Gaboardi F, Richstone L, Aboumohamed A, Hussein AA, Guru KA. Intracorporeal Versus Extracorporeal Neobladder After Robot-assisted Radical Cystectomy: Results From the International Robotic Cystectomy Consortium. Urology 2021; 159:127-132. [PMID: 34710397 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2021.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare perioperative and oncologic outcomes of intracorporeal (ICNB) and extracorporeal neobladder (ECNB) following robot assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) from a multi-institutional, prospectively maintained database, the International Robotic Cystectomy Consortium (IRCC). METHODS A retrospective review of IRCC database between 2003 and 2020 (3742 patients from 33 institutions across 14 countries) was performed (I-79606). The Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to assess utilization of ICNB over time. Multivariate logistic regression models were fit to evaluate variables associated with receiving ICNB, overall complications, high-grade complications, and readmissions after RARC. Kaplan Meier curves were used to depict recurrence-free, disease-specific, and overall survival. RESULTS Four hundred eleven patients received neobladder, 64% underwent ICNB. ICNB utilization increased significantly over time (P <.01). Patients who received ICNB were readmitted and received neoadjuvant chemotherapy more frequently (36% vs 24%, P = .03, 35% vs 8%, P <.01, respectively). ICNB was associated with older age (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.07, P = .001), receipt of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (OR 4.63, 95% CI 2.34-9.18, P <.01), and more recent RARC era (2016-2020) (OR 12.6, 95% CI 5.6-28.4, P <.01). On multivariate analysis, ICNB (OR 5.43, 95% CI 2.34-12.58, P <.01), positive surgical margin (OR 4.88, 95% CI 1.29-18.42, P = .019), longer operative times (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.00-1.58, P = .048), and institutional annual RARC volume (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.05-1.12, P <.01) were associated with readmissions. CONCLUSION Utilization of ICNB increased significantly over time. Patients who underwent RARC and ICNB had shorter hospital stays and fewer 30-d reoperations but were readmitted more frequently compared to those who underwent ECNB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafardjan Dalimov
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Umar Iqbal
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Zhe Jing
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | | | | | - Eric Kim
- Washington University St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Carl Wijburg
- Rijnstate Hospital - Stichting, Arnhem, Gelderland, the Netherlands
| | | | - Morgan Roupret
- Sorbonne University, GRC 5 Predictive Onco-Uro, AP-HP, Urology, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, F-75013 PARIS, France
| | | | | | | | - Ahmed Aboumohamed
- Montefiore Medical Center (Albert Einstein College of Medicine), New York, NY
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Khurshid A Guru
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY.
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Hussein AA, Ragab SA, Hajj MR, Patil MJ. Material and geometric effects on propulsion of a fish tail. Bioinspir Biomim 2021; 16:066008. [PMID: 34450610 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/ac220e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the effects of material flexibility and aspect ratio on the propulsion of flapping tails. The tail, which is assumed to deform in the bending direction only, is modeled using the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. The hydrodynamic loads generated by the flapping motion are calculated using the three-dimensional unsteady vortex lattice method. The finite element method is used to solve the coupled time-dependent equations of motion using an implicit solver for time integration. The results show improvement in the thrust and propulsive efficiency over a specific range of non-dimensional flexibility defined by the ratio of the elastic forces to fluid pressure forces. Structural and flow characteristics associated with the improved performance are discussed. As for geometric effects, the performance depends on the excitation frequency. At low frequencies, the improvement is continuous with increasing the aspect ratio in a manner similar to that of rigid tails. At higher frequencies, the improvement is limited to a region defined by aspect ratios that are less than 0.5. The extent of the improvement depends on the flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Hussein
- Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America
| | - Saad A Ragab
- Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America
| | - Muhammad R Hajj
- Civil, Environmental and Ocean Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, United States of America
| | - Mayuresh J Patil
- Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America
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Akinfenwa AO, Abdul NS, Marnewick JL, Hussein AA. Protective Effects of Linearthin and Other Chalcone Derivatives from Aspalathus linearis (Rooibos) against UVB Induced Oxidative Stress and Toxicity in Human Skin Cells. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10091936. [PMID: 34579468 PMCID: PMC8467595 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Skin cells suffer continuous damage from chronic exposure to ultraviolet light (UV) that may result in UV-induced oxidative stress and skin thinning. This has necessitated the formulation of cosmeceutical products rich in natural antioxidants and free radical scavengers. Aspalathus linearis (rooibos) is an endemic South African fynbos plant growing naturally in the Western Cape region. The plant is rich in phenolics and other bioactives with a wide spectrum of health benefits. The chemical study of an acetonic extract of green A. linearis afforded a novel compound named linearthin (1) and two known dihydrochalcones, aspalathin (2) and nothofagin (3). The chemical structure of the novel compound was elucidated based on spectroscopic data analysis. The bio-evaluation of the isolated chalcones in vitro for protection against UVB-induced oxidative stress were systematically assessed by examining cell viability, metabolic activity, apoptosis, and cytotoxicity using HaCaT and SK-MEL-1 skin cells models. It was observed that pre-treatment with tested samples for 4- and 24 h at low concentrations were sufficient to protect skin cells from UVB-induced damage in vitro as evidenced by higher cell viability and improved metabolic activity in both keratinocytes (HaCaT) and melanocytes (SK-MEL-1). The results further show that the pre-treatment regimen employed by this study involved some degree of cellular adaptation as evidenced by higher levels of reduced glutathione with a concomitant decrease in lipid peroxidation and lowered caspase 3 activity. Furthermore, compound 1 was most cytoprotective against UVB irradiation of HaCaT cell line (over 24 h) with an IC50 of 282 µg/mL and SK-MEL-1 cell line with IC50 values of 248.3 and 142.6 µg/mL over 4 and 24 h, respectively. On the other hand, HaCaT cells exposed to 2 over 4 h before UVB irradiation showed the highest degree of cytoprotection with an IC50 of 398.9 µg/mL among the four studied samples. These results show that linearthin (1) and the two glycoside dihydrochalcone of A. linearis have the potential to be further developed as antioxidant cosmeceutical ingredients that may protect skin against UVB-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akeem O. Akinfenwa
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Naeem S. Abdul
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa; (N.S.A.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Jeanine L. Marnewick
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa; (N.S.A.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Ahmed A. Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-21-959-6193; Fax: +27-21-959-3055
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Kunkes T, Cavuoto L, Higginbotham J, Bisantz A, Elsayed AS, Aldhaam NA, Hussein AA, Guru KA. Influence of hierarchy on risk communication during robot-assisted surgery: a preliminary study. Surg Endosc 2021; 36:3087-3093. [PMID: 34519892 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-021-08608-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A hierarchical structure is where all individuals are organized according to importance and are subordinate to a single person. In the operating room (OR), this structure may negatively impact the quality of communication and jeopardize patient safety. We examined how the surgical team's hierarchical relationships affect the frequency and timing of risk communication, and their influence on situational awareness (SA) in the OR. METHODS Overhead cameras and lapel microphones were used to record the OR environment. Recordings and transcriptions of 10 robot-assisted prostatectomies were examined for risk utterances among team members. Utterances were classified by sender-recipient exchange, timing (determined by phrasing to be proactive or reactive to an error/negative event), and the Oxford Non-Technical Skills (NOTECHS) SA score. Surgeon's and trainee surgeon's utterances were classified by their on-console status. Chi-square tests were used to determine associations between dependent factors, and ANOVAs were used to evaluate the effect of hierarchy and timing on NOTECHS score. RESULTS Of 4,583 examined utterances, 329 (7%) were risk-related. There was no significant difference in utterance frequency based on hierarchical status of sender and recipient (p = 0.16). Utterances made by the surgeon or trainee surgeon had higher NOTECHS scores when off versus on the console (scores: 1.8 vs 2.4, p < 0.01). These utterances were more reactive on the console (32%) and proactive off the console (28%). Proactive utterances had higher NOTECHS scores than reactive utterances (scores: 2.5 vs 1.8, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION The surgical hierarchy significantly impacted the frequency of risk communication within the OR. Timing and on-console status further influenced the efficacy of risk communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Kunkes
- A.T.L.A.S. (Applied Technology Laboratory for Advanced Surgery) Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Industrial and Systems Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Lora Cavuoto
- A.T.L.A.S. (Applied Technology Laboratory for Advanced Surgery) Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Industrial and Systems Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jeff Higginbotham
- A.T.L.A.S. (Applied Technology Laboratory for Advanced Surgery) Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Communicative Disorders and Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ann Bisantz
- A.T.L.A.S. (Applied Technology Laboratory for Advanced Surgery) Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Industrial and Systems Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ahmed S Elsayed
- A.T.L.A.S. (Applied Technology Laboratory for Advanced Surgery) Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Naif A Aldhaam
- A.T.L.A.S. (Applied Technology Laboratory for Advanced Surgery) Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- A.T.L.A.S. (Applied Technology Laboratory for Advanced Surgery) Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Khurshid A Guru
- A.T.L.A.S. (Applied Technology Laboratory for Advanced Surgery) Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA. .,Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
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Shafiei SB, Iqbal U, Hussein AA, Guru KA. Utilizing deep neural networks and electroencephalogram for objective evaluation of surgeon's distraction during robot-assisted surgery. Brain Res 2021; 1769:147607. [PMID: 34352240 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop an algorithm for objective evaluation of distraction of surgeons during robot-assisted surgery (RAS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Electroencephalogram (EEG) of 22 medical students was recorded while performing five key tasks on the robotic surgical simulator: Instrument Control, Ball Placement, Spatial Control II, Fourth Arm Tissue Retraction, and Hands-on Surgical Training Tasks. All students completed the Surgery Task Load Index (SURG-TLX), which includes one domain for subjective assessment of distraction (scale: 1-20). Scores were divided into low (score 1-6, subjective label: 1), intermediate (score 7-12, subjective label: 2), and high distraction (score 13-20, subjective label: 3). These cut-off values were arbitrarily considered based on a verbal assessment of participants and experienced surgeons. A Deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) algorithm was trained utilizing EEG recordings from the medical students and used to classify their distraction levels. The accuracy of our method was determined by comparing the subjective distraction scores on SURG-TLX and the results from the proposed classification algorithm. Also, Pearson correlation was utilized to assess the relationship between performance scores (generated by the simulator) and distraction (Subjective assessment scores). RESULTS The proposed end-to-end model classified distraction into low, intermediate, and high with 94%, 89%, and 95% accuracy, respectively. We found a significant negative correlation (r = -0.21; p = 0.003) between performance and SURG-TLX distraction scores. CONCLUSIONS Herein we report, to our knowledge, the first objective method to assess and quantify distraction while performing robotic surgical tasks on the robotic simulator, which may improve patient safety. Validation in the clinical setting is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh B Shafiei
- Applied Technology Laboratory for Advanced Surgery (ATLAS), Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States; Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Umar Iqbal
- Applied Technology Laboratory for Advanced Surgery (ATLAS), Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States; Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- Applied Technology Laboratory for Advanced Surgery (ATLAS), Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States; Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States; Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Khurshid A Guru
- Applied Technology Laboratory for Advanced Surgery (ATLAS), Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States; Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States.
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Omolaja AA, Pearce B, Omoruyi SI, Badmus JA, Ismail E, Marnewick J, Botha S, Benjeddou M, Ekpo OE, Hussein AA. The potential of chalcone-capped gold nanoparticles for the management of diabetes mellitus. Surfaces and Interfaces 2021; 25:101251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surfin.2021.101251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
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Satchidanand A, Higginbotham J, Bisantz A, Aldhaam N, Elsayed A, Carr I, Hussein AA, Guru K. "Put the what, where? Cut here?!" challenges to coordinating attention in robot-assisted surgery: a microanalytic pilot study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e046132. [PMID: 34261681 PMCID: PMC8280894 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During robot-assisted surgery (RAS), changes to the operating room configuration pose challenges to communication by limiting team members' ability to see one another or use gesture. Referencing (the act of pointing out an object or area in order to coordinate action around it), may be susceptible to miscommunication due to these constraints. OBJECTIVES Explore the use of microanalysis to describe and evaluate communicative efficiency in RAS through examination of referencing in surgical tasks. METHODS All communications during ten robot-assisted pelvic surgeries (radical cystectomies and prostatectomies) were fully transcribed. Forty-six referencing events were identified within these and subjected to a process of microanalysis. Microanalysis employs detailed transcription of speech and gesture along with their relative timing/sequencing to describe and analyse interactions. A descriptive taxonomy for referencing strategies was developed with categories including references reliant exclusively on speech (anatomic terms/directional language and context dependent words (CD)); references reliant exclusively on gesture or available aspects of the environment (point/show, camera focus/movement in the visual field and functional movement); and references reliant on the integrated use of speech and gesture/environmental support (integrated communication (IC)). Frequency of utilisation and number/percent 'miscommunication', were collated within each category when miscommunication was defined as any reference met with incorrect or no identification of the target. RESULTS IC and CD were the most frequently used strategies (45% and 26%, respectively, p≤0.01). Miscommunication was encountered in 22% of references. The use of IC resulted in the fewest miscommunications, while CD was associated with the most miscommunications (42%). Microanalysis provided insight into the causes and nature of successful referencing and miscommunication. CONCLUSIONS In RAS, surgeons complete referencing tasks in a variety of ways. IC may provide an effective means of referencing, while other strategies may not be adequately supported by the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antara Satchidanand
- ATLAS Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Department of Urology, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Communication Disorders and Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jeff Higginbotham
- ATLAS Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Department of Urology, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Communication Disorders and Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ann Bisantz
- ATLAS Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Department of Urology, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Industrial and Systems Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Naif Aldhaam
- ATLAS Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Department of Urology, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ahmed Elsayed
- ATLAS Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Department of Urology, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Iman Carr
- ATLAS Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Department of Urology, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- ATLAS Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Department of Urology, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Khurshid Guru
- ATLAS Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Department of Urology, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Omoruyi SI, Ibrakaw AS, Ekpo OE, Boatwright JS, Cupido CN, Hussein AA. Neuroprotective Activities of Crossyne flava Bulbs and Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids: Implications for Parkinson's Disease. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133990. [PMID: 34208814 PMCID: PMC8272225 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases and affects approximately 6.3 million people worldwide. To date, the treatment of PD remains a challenge, as available treatment options are known to be associated with serious side effects; hence, the search for new treatment strategies is critical. Extracts from the Amaryllidaceae plant family as well as their alkaloids have been reported to have neuroprotective potentials. This study, therefore, investigated the biological activities of Crossyne flava and its isolated alkaloids in an in vitro MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) PD model using SH-SY5Y cells. The effects of the total extract as well as the four compounds isolated from Crossyne flava (i.e., pancratinine B (1), bufanidrine (2), buphanisine (3), and epibuphanisine (4)) were evaluated for cell viability, neuroprotection, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), adenosine triphosphate activity (ATP), and caspase 3/7 activity in SH-SY5Y cells. The results obtained showed that pre-treatment with both the extract and the isolated compounds was effective in protecting the SH-SY5Y cells from MPP+-induced neurotoxicity and inhibited ROS generation, ATP depletion as well as apoptosis induction in the SH-SY5Y cells. The results of this study show that the Amaryllidaceae plant family may be a source of novel compounds for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, which validates the reported traditional uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvester I. Omoruyi
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Abobaker S. Ibrakaw
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (A.S.I.); (J.S.B.)
| | - Okobi E. Ekpo
- Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates;
| | - James S. Boatwright
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (A.S.I.); (J.S.B.)
| | - Christopher N. Cupido
- Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa;
| | - Ahmed A. Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-21-959-6193; Fax: +27-21-959-3055
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Yang H, Lindsey JP, Gillis-Buck EM, Srirangapatanam S, Rosen JE, Hussein AA, Smith JF. Ex vivo human testes as a practical model to simulate ultrasound-guided testicular cell transplantation for human fertility restoration. F S Sci 2021; 2:135-140. [PMID: 35559748 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop an ex vivo model to practice ultrasound-guided injection of cellular material into human seminiferous tubules to simulate testicular cell transplantation (TCT). DESIGN Simulated TCT injections were performed in human testes removed during orchiectomy. The rete testis was the target site of injection. Successful retrograde infiltration of injected material into the lumen of the seminiferous tubules was detected using ultrasound and confirmed with histology. SETTING Single academic surgical center. PATIENT(S) Adult patients undergoing orchiectomy for nononcologic indications. INTERVENTION(S) The testes were injected with sonographic contrast (Optison), methylene blue, and fluorescent-labeled cells. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) A characteristic streaming pattern of sonographic contrast in the testis was used to define sonographic success, and the presence of methylene blue and fluorescent-labeled cells within the seminiferous tubules confirmed histologic success. RESULT(S) We performed simulated TCT injections in 30 testes obtained from 16 patients undergoing orchiectomy. We were able to achieve sonographic success in 57% of injections and confirmed that sonographic success is correlated with histologic success. CONCLUSION(S) Testicular cell transplantation injections can be practiced using human testes. As there appears to be a learning curve associated with this procedure, developing this infrastructure to practice these skills is critical before implementation in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Yang
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - John P Lindsey
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Eva M Gillis-Buck
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Jared E Rosen
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California; Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California; Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - James F Smith
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California.
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Iqbal U, Durrani MM, Elsayed AS, Hussein AA, Shigemura K, Fujisawa M, Guru KA. Functional outcomes after robot-assisted radical cystectomy: A review of literature. Int J Urol 2021; 28:493-501. [PMID: 33768583 DOI: 10.1111/iju.14495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Robot-assisted radical cystectomy has steadily gained wider acceptance among urologists compared with open and laparoscopic approaches. Robot-assisted radical cystectomy has shown comparable perioperative and oncologic outcomes compared with open radical cystectomy. Nevertheless, data about the functional outcomes and quality of life after robot-assisted radical cystectomy remain limited. We sought to review the literature and describe urinary, sexual and bowel functions after robot-assisted radical cystectomy in addition to mental health and health-related quality of life. Despite limitations of the available literature, data suggests that functional outcomes after robot-assisted radical cystectomy are comparable to open radical cystectomy. However, more studies utilizing standardized definitions are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Iqbal
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Mohammad M Durrani
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ahmed S Elsayed
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA.,Department of Urology, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA.,Department of Urology, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Masato Fujisawa
- Department of Urology, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Khurshid A Guru
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Shafiei SB, Durrani M, Jing Z, Mostowy M, Doherty P, Hussein AA, Elsayed AS, Iqbal U, Guru K. Surgical Hand Gesture Recognition Utilizing Electroencephalogram as Input to the Machine Learning and Network Neuroscience Algorithms. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:1733. [PMID: 33802372 PMCID: PMC7959280 DOI: 10.3390/s21051733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Surgical gestures detection can provide targeted, automated surgical skill assessment and feedback during surgical training for robot-assisted surgery (RAS). Several sources including surgical videos, robot tool kinematics, and an electromyogram (EMG) have been proposed to reach this goal. We aimed to extract features from electroencephalogram (EEG) data and use them in machine learning algorithms to classify robot-assisted surgical gestures. EEG was collected from five RAS surgeons with varying experience while performing 34 robot-assisted radical prostatectomies over the course of three years. Eight dominant hand and six non-dominant hand gesture types were extracted and synchronized with associated EEG data. Network neuroscience algorithms were utilized to extract functional brain network and power spectral density features. Sixty extracted features were used as input to machine learning algorithms to classify gesture types. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) F-value statistical method was used for feature selection and 10-fold cross-validation was used to validate the proposed method. The proposed feature set used in the extra trees (ET) algorithm classified eight gesture types performed by the dominant hand of five RAS surgeons with an accuracy of 90%, precision: 90%, sensitivity: 88%, and also classified six gesture types performed by the non-dominant hand with an accuracy of 93%, precision: 94%, sensitivity: 94%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh B. Shafiei
- Applied Technology Laboratory for Advanced Surgery (ATLAS), Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.B.S.); (M.D.); (Z.J.); (M.M.); (P.D.); (A.A.H.); (A.S.E.); (U.I.)
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Mohammad Durrani
- Applied Technology Laboratory for Advanced Surgery (ATLAS), Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.B.S.); (M.D.); (Z.J.); (M.M.); (P.D.); (A.A.H.); (A.S.E.); (U.I.)
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Zhe Jing
- Applied Technology Laboratory for Advanced Surgery (ATLAS), Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.B.S.); (M.D.); (Z.J.); (M.M.); (P.D.); (A.A.H.); (A.S.E.); (U.I.)
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Michael Mostowy
- Applied Technology Laboratory for Advanced Surgery (ATLAS), Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.B.S.); (M.D.); (Z.J.); (M.M.); (P.D.); (A.A.H.); (A.S.E.); (U.I.)
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Philippa Doherty
- Applied Technology Laboratory for Advanced Surgery (ATLAS), Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.B.S.); (M.D.); (Z.J.); (M.M.); (P.D.); (A.A.H.); (A.S.E.); (U.I.)
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Ahmed A. Hussein
- Applied Technology Laboratory for Advanced Surgery (ATLAS), Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.B.S.); (M.D.); (Z.J.); (M.M.); (P.D.); (A.A.H.); (A.S.E.); (U.I.)
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Ahmed S. Elsayed
- Applied Technology Laboratory for Advanced Surgery (ATLAS), Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.B.S.); (M.D.); (Z.J.); (M.M.); (P.D.); (A.A.H.); (A.S.E.); (U.I.)
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Umar Iqbal
- Applied Technology Laboratory for Advanced Surgery (ATLAS), Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.B.S.); (M.D.); (Z.J.); (M.M.); (P.D.); (A.A.H.); (A.S.E.); (U.I.)
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Khurshid Guru
- Applied Technology Laboratory for Advanced Surgery (ATLAS), Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.B.S.); (M.D.); (Z.J.); (M.M.); (P.D.); (A.A.H.); (A.S.E.); (U.I.)
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
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Etsassala NG, Hussein AA, Nchu F. Potential Application of Some Lamiaceae Species in the Management of Diabetes. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:279. [PMID: 33535455 PMCID: PMC7912742 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most dangerous metabolic disorders, with high rates of mortality worldwide. Since ancient times, medicinal plants have been used in traditional medicine to treat many diseases, including diabetes and its related complications. Plants are widely accepted, affordable, and perceived to have minimal adverse side effects. The Lamiaceae family is a potential source of therapeutic agents for the management of metabolic disorders, including diabetes. Hence, this review paper summarizes the antidiabetic use of Lamiaceae species in folk medicine globally. Furthermore, we present the antidiabetic activities and phytochemical constituents of twenty-three (23) Lamiaceae species and the antidiabetic activity of some notable chemical constituents isolated from some of these Lamiaceae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninon G.E.R. Etsassala
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Ahmed A. Hussein
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville Campus, Symphony Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Felix Nchu
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
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Etsassala NGER, Cupido CN, Iwuoha EI, Hussein AA. Abietane Diterpenes as Potential Candidates for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:2885-2891. [PMID: 32228419 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200331082917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered one of the most common metabolic disorders with an elevated morbidity and mortality rate. It is characterised by a deficiency in insulin secretion or degradation of secreted insulin. Many internal and external factors, such as oxidative stress, obesity and sedentary lifestyle, among others, have been suggested as the major causes of these cell alterations. Diabetes I and II are the most common types of diabetes. Treatment of type I requires insulin injection, while type II can be managed using different synthetic antidiabetic agents. However, their effectiveness is limited as a result of low bioavailability, high cost of drug production, and unfavourable side effects. There is a great need to develop alternative and more active antidiabetic drugs from natural sources. Different forms of natural products have been used since time immemorial as a source of medicine for the purpose of curing numerous human diseases, including diabetes. Secondary metabolites such as polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids and several other constituents have direct and indirect roles in controlling such diseases; among them, abietane diterpenes have been reported to display a broad spectrum of promising biological activities including diabetes. This review aimed to summarize existing data from SciFinder (2005-2018) on the biological importance of abietane diterpenes in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes and closely related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninon G E R Etsassala
- Chemistry Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Christopher N Cupido
- Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Emmanuel I Iwuoha
- Chemistry Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd. Bellville 7535, South Africa
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Iqbal U, Elsayed AS, Ozair S, Jing Z, James G, Li Q, Hussein AA, Guru KA. Validation of the Khorana Score for Prediction of Venous Thromboembolism After Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy. J Endourol 2020; 35:821-827. [PMID: 33218263 DOI: 10.1089/end.2020.0800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The Khorana score (KS) is used to predict the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) for cancer patients. We sought to assess the association between KS and VTE for patients who underwent robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC). Materials and Methods: We reviewed our prospectively maintained quality assurance RARC database between 2005 and 2020. KS was calculated for all patients (one point for each body mass index [BMI] ≥35 kg/m2, platelet count ≥350 × 109/L, leukocyte count >11 × 109/L, and hemoglobin level <10 g/dL, or use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents). All patients received one point by default for the cancer type (bladder). Patients were divided into intermediate-risk (KS 1-2) or high-risk (KS ≥3) groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to assess the ability of KS to predict VTE. Kaplan-Meier curves were stratified based on their KS risk and used to depict overall survival (OS). Multivariate analysis (MVA) was used to identify variables associated with VTE. Results: Out of 589 patients, 33 (6%) developed VTE (18 had deep vein thrombosis and 15 had pulmonary embolism). Five hundred forty-six (93%) patients had intermediate-risk KS and 30 (5%) of them developed VTE. Forty-three (7%) patients were classified as high-risk KS and 3 (7%) developed VTE. This difference was not significant (p = 0.73). The KS area under the curve for VTE prediction was 0.51. On MVA, BMI ≥35 kg/m2 (odds ratio [OR] 2.69, confidence interval [CI] 1.19-6.11, p = 0.02), longer inpatient stay (OR 1.04, CI 1.003-1.07, p = 0.03), and ≥pT3 disease (OR 2.29, CI 1.11-4.71, p = 0.03) were associated with VTE, whereas KS was not associated with VTE (p = 0.68). Five-year OS of patients with intermediate KS was 53% compared with 30% for high-risk KS (log rank p < 0.01). Conclusion: KS underestimated VTE risk after RARC and showed poor accuracy. This highlights the need to develop procedure-specific tools to estimate the risk of VTE after RARC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Iqbal
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ahmed S Elsayed
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Sadat Ozair
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Zhe Jing
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Gaybrielle James
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Khurshid A Guru
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
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