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Awasthi SK, Aghajamali A, Mohamed AM, Matar ZS, Amin AF, Aly AH. Externally tunable multichannel filtering applications of organic material based 1D magnetic cold-plasma photonic crystals. RSC Adv 2022; 12:14849-14857. [PMID: 35702205 PMCID: PMC9111959 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01755e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present research work, we employed the transfer matrix method (TMM) in addition to MATLAB software to examine the transmission properties of various organic-based one-dimensional (1D) magnetic cold-plasma photonic crystals (MCPPhCs). The proposed structures were found to be made up of periodic layers of organic materials and magnetic cold-plasma (MCP) at normal incidence. An external magnetic field (B) polarized in right-hand (RH) and left-hand (LH) configurations was applied on 1D MCPPhCs. In this study, four organic materials, namely pentane, hexane, heptane, and octane, were chosen to design four 1D photonic crystals (PCs), named as PC1 (pentane-MCP), PC2 (hexane-MCP), PC3 (heptane-MCP), and PC4 (octane-MCP). Our results indicated that the central frequency of the resonant peaks of unit transmission inside the photonic band-gap (PBG) of the respective organic PCs could be tuned towards the higher or lower frequency side by applying B polarized in RH and LH configurations, respectively. We also studied the effect of the period number N to produce closely spaced N-1 transmission channels of unit transmission inside the PBG of all four organic PCs. By increasing the period number N we could increase the number of transmission channels inside the PBG as per our desire. These multiple resonant peaks of unit transmission inside PBG could be easily modulated inside the PBG to accommodate new frequencies by applying B polarized in either RH or LH configurations, respectively. Moreover, our results showed that under the RH configuration, increasing B resulted in a shifting of the resonant peak towards the higher frequency side with a reduction in its full width half maximum (FWHM), whereas the findings were the opposite in the case of increasing B under the LH configuration. These findings may be beneficial for designing externally tuneable organic chemical sensors in the microwave frequency region. In the present research work, we employed the transfer matrix method (TMM) in addition to MATLAB software to examine the transmission properties of various organic-based one-dimensional (1D) magnetic cold-plasma photonic crystals (MCPPhCs).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Awasthi
- Department of Physics and Material Science and Engineering, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology Noida 201304 U. P India
| | - Alireza Aghajamali
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia Perth WA 6009 Australia
| | - A M Mohamed
- TH-PPM Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Beni-Suef University Beni Suef 62514 Egypt
| | - Z S Matar
- Faculty of Applied Science, Department of Physics, Umm Al-Qura University Mecca 24382 Saudi Arabia
| | - A F Amin
- Faculty of Technology and Education, Beni-Suef University Beni Suef 62521 Egypt
| | - Arafa H Aly
- TH-PPM Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Beni-Suef University Beni Suef 62514 Egypt
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Mohamed AM, Cifuente DA, Satorres SE, Mattana CM. Biological activity of roots and aerial parts of Zinnia peruviana on pathogenic micro-organisms in planktonic state and biofilm forming. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 74:419-428. [PMID: 34860440 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microbial resistance to antibiotics affects the control of clinical infections and is a growing concern in global public health. One important mechanism whereby micro-organisms acquire resistance is biofilm formation. This context has led to the investigation of new antimicrobial substances from plants popularly used in folk medicine. In this work, we studied the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of Zinnia peruviana roots, ziniolide (major root metabolite) and aerial parts against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. The minimum inhibitory and minimum microbicidal concentration and inhibition of biofilm production was determined. All Z. peruviana extracts showed antimicrobial activity, but that corresponding to the roots was the most active one. The best inhibitory and microbicidal activity was detected against Gram-positive bacteria (0·039-0·078 mg ml-1 ). The acetonic extract from Z. peruviana leaves showed moderate activity against Gram-positive bacteria (0·625 mg ml-1 ). Acetonic extract of Z. peruviana flowers showed weak activity (1·25-5 mg ml-1 ). All the extracts tested showed inhibition of biofilm formation, as well as the ziniolide, however, roots and flowers extracts showed higher antibiofilm activity particularly against Staphylococcus, Listeria and Candida. The extracts tested may be a promising natural alternative for the control of microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Mohamed
- Microbiology and Immunology Area, Faculty Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - D A Cifuente
- Organic Chemistry Area, Faculty Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - S E Satorres
- Microbiology and Immunology Area, Faculty Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - C M Mattana
- Microbiology and Immunology Area, Faculty Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
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Desouky AY, Ammar NI, Mohamed AM, Elhawary NM, Sultan K. Immunological and histopathological evaluation of Eimeria tenella oocysts Egyptian local isolate vaccine and its comparative efficacy with a commercial live vaccine. Trop Biomed 2021; 38:8-13. [PMID: 33797517 DOI: 10.47665/tb.38.1.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Coccidiosis is the most important protozoan disease in broilers all over the world. Controlling of broilers coccidiosis via vaccination rather than chemicals is a new trend with promising results. Thus, the present work describes an evaluation of Eimeria tenella Lab-made vaccine of local Egyptian strain and its comparative efficacy with a commercial live vaccine "Fortegra®". Eighty broiler chickens one day old were used; they were divided in to 4 equal groups; 20 chicks each. Group 1 (G1) kept as control negative, G2 administrated orally with lab-made sporulated oocysts vaccine at 5 days old, the birds of G3 vaccinated orally with Fortegra® at day 6 of age, and G4 served as control positive. All birds were challenge by 50,000 sporulated oocysts of E. tenella at day 21. For testing the efficacy and comparison; OPG (oocyst per gram), serum Interleukin4 (IL4) levels, Immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels in both serum and ceca, cecal lesion score, as well as histopathological changes in ceca of tested groups were evaluated. The results demonstrated significantly elevated IL4 level in serum and IgA level in serum and cecum of G2 than G3. IgA in cecum significantly elevated in G2 than G3. OPG significantly decreased in both vaccinated groups (G2 and G3), and have lower lesion score than nonimmunized group. Cecal tissues of vaccinated groups had mild pathological changes. Conclusively, good immunization by the currently tested vaccine, against experimental E. tenella infection was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Y Desouky
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - N I Ammar
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.,Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - A M Mohamed
- Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - N M Elhawary
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - K Sultan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
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Sinha R, Mohamed AM, Karsandas A. The impact of ultrasound in an integrated one-stop sarcoma clinic. Clin Radiol 2020; 75:321.e21-321.e28. [PMID: 31973942 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the utilisation of ultrasound within a one-stop clinic model in a regional bone and soft-tissue sarcoma centre in the UK, assess its contribution to patient management, and compare diagnostic outcomes to general musculoskeletal "lumps and bumps" clinics. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was a retrospective evaluation of 1,918 referrals between October 2016 and September 2018. All ultrasound examinations and biopsies were performed by one of two musculoskeletal sarcoma radiologists. Ultrasound criteria for suspicion of malignancy were agreed. Study parameters included patient demographics, imaging modality, imaging findings, biopsy results, and time intervals. Correlation has been made between imaging findings and biopsy results. RESULTS Five hundred and twenty-four patients (27%) underwent diagnostic ultrasound within the one-stop clinic, out of which 244 (46.5%) underwent an ultrasound-guided biopsy within the same appointment. From this cohort, 412 (78.6%) were given a likely benign diagnosis, either based on imaging alone or in combination with an ultrasound-guided biopsy and a histologically malignant diagnosis was made in the remaining 112 (21.4%). Diagnostic ultrasound within the one-stop sarcoma clinic has a positive predictive value of 86%, negative predictive value of 97%, and sensitivity of 89%. CONCLUSION Integration of ultrasound within a one-stop sarcoma clinic provides rapid diagnostic imaging input within the outpatient setting and facilitates early effective triaging of patients into appropriate management plans. It reduces waiting times, unnecessary outpatient appointments and short-term patient anxiety. Clinical and communications skills of the sarcoma radiologist are of paramount importance to improving overall efficiency and patient experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sinha
- The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - A M Mohamed
- The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK.
| | - A Karsandas
- The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
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Mohamed AM, Khan MA, Faiz A, Ahmad J, Khidir EB, Basalamah MA, Aslam A. Group B Streptococcus Colonization, Antibiotic Susceptibility, and Serotype Distribution among Saudi Pregnant Women. Infect Chemother 2020; 52:70-81. [PMID: 32239812 PMCID: PMC7113445 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2020.52.1.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Group B Streptococcus (GBS) comprises the normal flora of the female urogenital tract and can be transferred to neonates during delivery, causing invasive diseases. This study was performed to investigate the colonization rate, antibiotic susceptibility, and serotype of GBS among Saudi pregnant women. Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional study, vagino-rectal swabs from 400 pregnant women were collected over a period of one year. Identification of GBS isolates and determination of their antibiotic susceptibility were performed using the Microscan Walk Away system. The isolates were then typed using both latex agglutination and capsular gene-based multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays. Results Sixty (15.0%) subjects were colonized by GBS, with serotype Ia as the dominant type (30.0%) followed by serotype III and V (25.0%, each). Only 43 (71.7%) isolates were typed by latex agglutination, whereas the remaining isolates were not typable or were non-specifically typed as compared to the genotyping assay, which revealed the specific type of each GBS isolate. The highest resistance rates were observed for erythromycin and clindamycin (16.7%, each), which were mainly restricted to the prevalent serotypes. Conclusion This study is the first to report the distribution of GBS serotypes based on molecular genotyping in Saudi Arabia. GBS colonization was evident among pregnant women, and resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin was predominant among serotypes Ia, III, and V. Molecular genotyping using capsular gene-based multiplex PCR provided reliable typing of the investigated GBS isolates in terms of sensitivity and specificity as compared to conventional serotyping using latex agglutination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Mohamed Mohamed
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mubashir Ahmad Khan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Aftab Faiz
- Microbiology Department, Maternity and Children hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawwad Ahmad
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsheikh Babiker Khidir
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Akhmed Aslam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Hassan AKM, Mohamed HS, Mohamed AM, Kishk YT. P5579Predictors of No-reflow in Primary PCI patients with novel insight on thrombus aspiration. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p5579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A K M Hassan
- Assiut university, cardiovascular medicine, Assiut, Egypt
| | - H S Mohamed
- Assiut university, cardiovascular medicine, Assiut, Egypt
| | - A M Mohamed
- Assiut university, cardiovascular medicine, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Y T Kishk
- Assiut university, cardiovascular medicine, Assiut, Egypt
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Abd El-Rahim IHA, Asghar AH, Mohamed AM, Fat'hi SM. The impact of importation of live ruminants on the epizootiology of foot and mouth disease in Saudi Arabia. REV SCI TECH OIE 2017; 35:769-778. [PMID: 28332652 DOI: 10.20506/rst.35.3.2567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Approximately five million live ruminants are imported annually into Saudi Arabia. The majority of these animals are imported shortly before the pilgrimage season from Sudan and the Horn of Africa, where foot and mouth disease (FMD) is known to be enzootic. This study was designed to investigate the impact of the importation of these live ruminants on the epizootiology of FMD in Saudi Arabia. The authors carried out antibody testing on a total of 480 sheep and 233 cattle from the sacrificial livestock yards of the Saudi Project for Utilization of Hajj Meat, which performs ritual slaughter on behalf of pilgrims in the Holy City of Makkah. The results revealed that 136 (28.3%) of the 480 sheep tested were serologically positive for FMD, using an indirect enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (3ABC FMD ELISA). This included 17.7% of Sawakani sheep (imported from Sudan) and 40.9% of Barbari sheep (imported from the Horn of Africa). Among the cattle, 120 (51.5%) of 233 animals tested positive for FMD virus (FMDV) antibodies. The 120 seropositive cattle included all clinically suspected cattle and 62 (35.4%) symptom-free, in-contact cattle. The findings highlight the risks associated with the annual importation of live ruminants from FMD-enzootic areas. The risks include the possible introduction of new exotic FMDV serotypes, particularly when potential carriers or subclinically infected animals are considered. An understanding of the epidemiology of different strains and the ability to track their movement between geographical regions is essential for the development of efficient control strategies for the disease. Therefore, genotyping of FMDV strains isolated from imported and local animals is recommended.
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Mohamed AM, Ahmed MA, Ahmed SA, Al-Semany SA, Alghamdi SS, Zaglool DA. Predominance and association risk of Blastocystis hominis subtype I in colorectal cancer: a case control study. Infect Agent Cancer 2017; 12:21. [PMID: 28413436 PMCID: PMC5389010 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-017-0131-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Blastocystis, a genetically diverse intestinal parasite with controversial pathogenic potential, has increasingly been incriminated for diarrheal illness in immunocompromised individuals including colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The aim of the current study was to assess the possible association between Blastocystis infection and CRC condition in Makkah, Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methods Stool samples were collected from 80 non-cancer (NC) and 138 cancer subjects including 74 CRC patients and 64 patients with other cancers outside gastrointestinal tract (COGT). Molecularly confirmed Blastocystis isolates were genetically grouped and subtyped using multiplex polymerase chain reaction with restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and sequence-tagged site primers-based PCR (PCR-STS), respectively. Results Blastocystis hominis were confirmed in 29.7, 25 and 15% among CRC, COGT and NC patients, respectively. Obtained Blastocystis isolates were initially categorized into 2 groups (A and C), which were subsequently subtyped into 3 different subtypes; subtype-I (38%), subtype-II (44%) and subtype-V (22%). Interestingly, subtype-I was the most predominantly detected subtype (54.5%) among CRC patients with a significant association risk (COR 7.548; 95% CI: 1.629–34.987; P = 0.004). Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, the current study is the first to provide genetic insights on the prevalence of Blastocystis hominis among CRC patients in Makkah, KSA. Moreover, the study suggests for a possible association between subtype-I of Blastocystis hominis and CRC, which could indicate a potential influence of Blastocystis on CRC condition. Further studies are required to confirm this association risk and to investigate the possible underlying mechanism of postulated carcinogenic influence of Blastocystis hominis subtype-I. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13027-017-0131-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Mohamed Mohamed
- Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 7607 Saudi Arabia.,Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mona Abdelfattah Ahmed
- Medical Parasitology, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Sherif Ahmed Al-Semany
- Oncology, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Oncology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Saad Saed Alghamdi
- Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 7607 Saudi Arabia
| | - Dina Abdulla Zaglool
- Medical Parasitology, Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Refaat B, El-Shemi AG, Mohamed AM, Kensara OA, Ahmad J, Idris S. Activins and their related proteins in colon carcinogenesis: insights from early and advanced azoxymethane rat models of colon cancer. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:879. [PMID: 27835986 PMCID: PMC5106801 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2914-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Activin-A may exert pro- or anti-tumorigenic activities depending on cellular context. However, little is known about its role, or the other mature activin proteins, in colorectal carcinoma (CRC). This study measured the expression of activin βA- & βB-subunits, activin type IIA & IIB receptors, smads 2/3/4/6/7 and follistatin in CRC induced by azoxymethane (AOM) in rats. The results were compared with controls and disseminated according to the characteristics of histopathological lesions. Methods Eighty male Wistar rats were allocated into 20 controls and the remaining were equally divided between short ‘S-AOM’ (15 weeks) and long ‘L-AOM’ (35 weeks) groups following injecting AOM for 2 weeks. Subsequent to gross and histopathological examinations and digital image analysis, the expression of all molecules was measured by immunohistochemistry and quantitative RT-PCR. Activin-A, activin-B, activin-AB and follistatin were measured by ELISA in serum and colon tissue homogenates. Results Colonic pre-neoplastic and cancerous lesions were identified in both AOM groups and their numbers and sizes were significantly (P < 0.05) greater in the L-AOM group. All the molecules were expressed in normal colonic epithelial cells. There was a significantly (P < 0.05) greater expression of βA-subunit, IIB receptor and follistatin in both pre-neoplastic and cancerous tissues. Oppositely, a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the remaining molecules was detected in both AOM groups. Metastatic lesions were only observed within the L-AOM group and were associated with the most significant alterations of all molecules. Significantly higher concentrations of activin-A and follistatin and lower activin-AB were also detected in both groups of AOM. Tissue and serum concentrations of activin-A and follistatin correlated positively, while tissue activin-AB inversely, and significantly with the numbers and sizes of colonic lesions. Conclusions Normal rat colon epithelial cells are capable of synthesising, controlling as well as responding to activins in a paracrine/autocrine manner. Colonic activin systems are pathologically altered during tumorigenesis and appear to be time and lesion-dependent. Activins could also be potential sensitive markers and/or molecular targets for the diagnosis and/or treatment of CRC. Further studies are required to illustrate the clinical value of activins and their related proteins in colon cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2914-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassem Refaat
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Adel Galal El-Shemi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amr Mohamed Mohamed
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, 71526, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Osama Adnan Kensara
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawwad Ahmad
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakir Idris
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Kensara OA, El-Shemi AG, Mohamed AM, Refaat B, Idris S, Ahmad J. Thymoquinone subdues tumor growth and potentiates the chemopreventive effect of 5-fluorouracil on the early stages of colorectal carcinogenesis in rats. Drug Des Devel Ther 2016; 10:2239-53. [PMID: 27468227 PMCID: PMC4946859 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s109721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers and has a high mortality rate. Insensitivity and the limited therapeutic efficacy of its standard chemotherapeutic drug, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), represents an important challenge in CRC treatment. The robust antitumor properties of thymoquinone (TQ), the main bioactive constituent of Nigella sativa, have recently been demonstrated on different cancers. We investigated whether TQ could potentiate the chemopreventive effect of 5-FU to eradicate the early stages of CRC and elucidated its underlying mechanisms. An intermediate-term (15 weeks) model of colorectal tumorigenesis was induced in male Wistar rats by azoxymethane (AOM), and the animals were randomly and equally divided into five groups: control, AOM, AOM/5-FU, AOM/TQ, and AOM/5-FU/TQ. TQ (35 mg/kg/d; 3 d/wk) was given during the seventh and 15th weeks post-AOM injection, while 5-FU was given during the ninth and tenth weeks (12 mg/kg/d for 4 days; then 6 mg/kg every other day for another four doses). At week 15, the resected colons were subjected to macroscopic, histopathological, molecular, and immunohistochemical examinations. Interestingly, 5-FU/TQ combination therapy resulted in a more significant reduction on AOM-induced colorectal tumors and large aberrant crypts foci than treatment with the individual drugs. Mechanistically, 5-FU and TQ remarkably cooperated to repress the expression of procancerous Wnt, β-catenin, NF-κB, COX-2, iNOS, VEGF, and TBRAS and upregulate the expression of anti-tumorigenesis DKK-1, CDNK-1A, TGF-β1, TGF-βRII, Smad4, and GPx. Overall, our findings present the first report describing the in vivo enhancement effect of combined TQ and 5-FU against early stages of CRC; however, further studies are required to determine the value of this combination therapy in an advanced long-term model of CRC and also to realize its clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Adnan Kensara
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Holy Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Galal El-Shemi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Holy Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amr Mohamed Mohamed
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Holy Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Bassem Refaat
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Holy Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakir Idris
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Holy Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawwad Ahmad
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Holy Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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El-Shemi AG, Refaat B, Kensara OA, Mohamed AM, Idris S, Ahmad J. Paricalcitol Enhances the Chemopreventive Efficacy of 5-Fluorouracil on an Intermediate-Term Model of Azoxymethane-Induced Colorectal Tumors in Rats. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2016; 9:491-501. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-15-0439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Refaat B, El-Shemi AG, Kensara OA, Mohamed AM, Idris S, Ahmad J, Khojah A. Vitamin D3 enhances the tumouricidal effects of 5-Fluorouracil through multipathway mechanisms in azoxymethane rat model of colon cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2015. [PMID: 26205949 PMCID: PMC4513788 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0187-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Vitamin D3 and its analogues have recently been shown to enhance the anti-tumour effects of 5- Fluorouracil (5-FU) both in vitro and in xenograft mouse model of colon cancer. This study measured the potential mechanism(s) by which vitamin D3 could synergise the tumouricidal activities of 5-FU in azoxymethane (AOM) rat model of colon cancer. Methods Seventy-five male Wistar rats were divided equally into 5 groups: Control, AOM, AOM-treated by 5-FU (5-FU), AOM-treated by vitamin D3 (VitD3), and AOM-treated by 5-FU + vitamin D3 (5-FU/D). The study duration was 15 weeks. AOM was injected subcutaneously for 2 weeks (15 mg/kg/week). 5-FU was injected intraperitoneally in the 9th and 10th weeks post AOM (8 total injections were given: 12 mg/kg/day for 4 successive days, then 6 mg/kg every other day for another 4 doses) and oral vitamin D3 (500 IU/rat/day; 3 days/week) was given from week 7 post AOM till the last week of the study. The colons were collected following euthanasia for gross and histopathological examination. The expression of β-catenin, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), TGF-β type 2 receptor (TGF-βR2), smad4, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and heat shock protein-90 (HSP-90) proteins was measured by immunohistochemistry. In colonic tissue homogenates, quantitative RT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of Wnt, β-catenin, Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) genes, while ELISA was used to measure the concentrations of TGF-β1, HSP-90 and COX-2 proteins. Results Monotherapy with 5-FU or vitamin D3 significantly decreased the number of grown tumours induced by AOM (P < 0.05); however, their combination resulted in more significant tumouricidal effects (P < 0.05) compared with monotherapy groups. Mechanistically, vitamin D3/5-FU co-therapy significantly decreased the expression of Wnt, β-catenin, iNOS, COX-2 and HSP-90 and significantly increased the expression of DKK-1, TGF-β1, TGF-βR2, smad4 (P < 0.05), in comparison with their corresponding monotherapy groups. Conclusions Vitamin D3 and 5-FU synergise together and exhibit better anticancer effects by modulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway, TGF-β1 signals, iNOS, COX-2 and HSP-90. Further studies are required to illustrate the clinical value of vitamin D supplementation during the treatment of colon cancer with 5-FU in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassem Refaat
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Adel Galal El-Shemi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Osama Adnan Kensara
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amr Mohamed Mohamed
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. .,Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
| | - Shakir Idris
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jawwad Ahmad
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Athar Khojah
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Mohamed AM, Ashshi AM, Asghar AH, Abd El-Rahim IHA, El-Shemi AG, Zafar T. Seroepidemiological survey on Rift Valley fever among small ruminants and their close human contacts in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, in 2011. REV SCI TECH OIE 2015; 33:903-15. [PMID: 25812214 DOI: 10.20506/rst.33.3.2328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study describes a seroepidemiological survey on Rift Valley fever (RVF) among small ruminants and their close human contacts in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. A total of 500 small ruminants (126 local, 374 imported) were randomly selected from the sacrifice livestock yards of Al-Kaakiah slaughterhouse, in the holy city of Makkah, during the pilgrimage season 1432 H (4-9 November 2011). In addition, blood samples were collected from 100 local workers in close contact with the animals at the slaughterhouse. An RVF competition multi-species enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detecting anti-RVF virus immunoglobulin G (IgG)/ immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies and an RVF IgM-specific ELISA were used for serological investigations. In total, 84 (16.8%) of the 500 sacrificial sheep and goats tested seropositive in the competition ELISA but no IgM antibodies were detected in the IgM-specific assay. All seropositive samples, comprising 17.91% of the imported animals and 13.49% of the local ones, were therefore designated positive for anti-RVF virus IgG antibody. Among the local personnel working in close contact with the animals, 9% tested seropositive in the RVF competition ELISA. The study indicates that two factors may increase the likelihood of an RVF outbreak among sacrificial animals and pilgrims: i) the large-scale importation of small ruminants into Saudi Arabia from the Horn of Africa shortly before the pilgrimage season, and ii) the movement of animals within Saudi Arabia, from the RVF-endemic south-western area (Jizan region) to the Makkah region, particularly in the few weeks before the pilgrimage season. From these findings, it is recommended that i) all regulations concerning the import of animals into Saudi Arabia from Africa should be rigorously applied, particularly the RVF vaccination of all ruminants destined for export at least two weeks before exportation, and ii) the movement of animals from the RVF-endemic south-western area (Jizan region) of Saudi Arabia to the Makkah region should be strictly prohibited.
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Abdulmajeed NA, Alnahdi HS, Ayas NO, Mohamed AM. Amelioration of cardiotoxic impacts of diclofenac sodium by vitamin B complex. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2015; 19:671-681. [PMID: 25753886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The safety of Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use in clinical practice has been questioned. Clinical studies indicate that these drugs cause adverse cardiovascular effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective role of vitamin B complex against the cardiotoxic potency of diclofenac sodium induced cardiac damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diclofenac sodium was administered intraperitoneally to rats at either 1.5 mg or 3 mg/kg body weight for 14 consecutive days. Vitamin B complex (1.6 mg B1, 1.6 mg B6 and 16.7 µg B12/kg body weight, i.p.) was co-administered daily for 3 weeks along with diclofenac administration to rats intoxicated by either of the two doses. RESULTS The results revealed that co-administration of vitamin B complex with diclofenac to rats intoxicated by either of the two doses, markedly ameliorated increases in serum markers of cardiac damage, including, (AST), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) as well as decreases in phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in cardiac tissue compared with intoxicated rats. The B complex also could markedly attenuate the decreases in cardiac antioxidant enzymes namely, glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) and catalase (CAT) compared with diclofenac intoxicated rats. Beside, the vitamin B complex successfully modulated the increases in serum glucose, serum lipid profiles, triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TCh) and low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) as well as the decrease in the high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) in response to diclofenac toxicity. CONCLUSIONS These results support the use of vitamin B complex along with diclofenac therapy as a protective agent against cardiac tissue damage induced by diclofenac toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Abdulmajeed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science for Girls, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdon of Saudi Arabia.
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Abd-Elsameea AA, Moustaf AA, Mohamed AM. Modulation of the oxidative stress by metformin in the cerebrum of rats exposed to global cerebral ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2014; 18:2387-2392. [PMID: 25219842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of ischemic and reperfusion injury to many organs, including the brain. Chronic metformin treatment is associated with a lower risk of stroke in clinical populations. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of metformin on the oxidative stress induced in experimental model of incomplete global cerebral ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion in adult male Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Metformin was administered to rats orally by gavage 500 mg/kg once daily for one week before induction of cerebral ischemia (rats were subjected to 30 min of ischemia before decapitation) and ischemia/reperfusion (rats were subjected to 30 min of ischemia then 60 minutes of reperfusion before decapitation). The selected parameters for oxidative stress were the activities of the antioxidant enzymes: glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. RESULTS Metformin reduced the elevated activites of GSHPx, SOD and catalase as well as MDA levels in cerebrum of rats exposed to ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion injures. CONCLUSIONS Metformin improved the oxidative stress induced by ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion injuries. This may be a mechanism that explains the cerebroprotective effect of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Abd-Elsameea
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Trauma remains the highest cause of paediatric morbidity and mortality. These trauma patients incur radiation exposure during intraoperative management. Medical personnel have the responsibility to ensure observation of the 'as low as reasonably achievable' principle, a practice mandate that minimises ionising radiation exposure. The aim of this study was to quantify the difference in the amount of ionising radiation used by operating surgeons of different grades in paediatric trauma surgery. METHODS Intraoperative imaging in paediatric trauma surgery between 2008 and 2010 at a UK trauma centre was analysed retrospectively, recording injury demographics, surgeon grade, radiation exposure (dose area product [DAP]) and screening time. A mobile image intensifier was used in all cases and the lowest dose rate was selected for all screening. RESULTS A total of 782 trauma cases were analysed: 304 procedures (39%) were carried out by consultants, 127 (16%) by senior registrars and 351 (45%) by junior registrars. The mean screening time for consultants was 0.23 minutes (standard deviation [SD]: 0.21 minutes) while for senior registrars it was 0.24 minutes (SD: 0.27 minutes) and for junior registrars 0.47 minutes (SD: 1.5 minutes). The mean DAP for consultants was 58.49Gycm(2) (SD: 53.66Gycm(2)). For senior registrars it was 87.2Gycm(2) (SD: 126.64Gycm(2)) and for junior registrars it was 90.46Gycm(2) (SD: 180.02Gycm(2)). This equates to a 51% increase in screening time and a 35% increase in DAP by a junior registrar compared with a consultant. CONCLUSIONS Significantly lower screening times and radiation exposure was found in procedures performed by consultants compared with registrars (p<0.001). Given the harmful and unknown long-term effects of ionising radiation exposure in children, we recommend increasing consultant presence in paediatric trauma theatres.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G Patel
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK.
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El-Bassyouni HT, El-Gerzawy AMS, Mohamed AM, Kamel AK, Hussein HA, Thomas MM, El-Ruby M. Terminal 2q deletion and partial trisomy chromosome 15q: a clinical and cytogenetic study. Genet Couns 2014; 25:151-158. [PMID: 25059013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on a 5 years old female patient with a karyotype 46, XX, add (2), t(2;15) (q37;q22) associated with dysmorphic facial features, digital deformities, heart defect (mild mitral regurge) and severe mental retardation. This is the third reported case worldwide on the terminal 2q deletion and trisomy of chromosome 15q syndrome. The findings in this case and our literature review, delineates the pattern of malformations secondary to trisomy of 15q and deletion of 2q.
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Mazen IM, Kamel AK, Mohamed AM, Hussien HA, Essawi ML, Hassan HA, El-Ruby MO, Aref A, Mekkawy MK. Unique karyotype: mos 46,X,dic(X;Y)(p22.33;p11.32)/ 45,X/45,dic(X;Y)(p22.33;p11.32) in an Egyptian patient with Ovotesticular disorder of sexual development. Sex Dev 2013; 7:235-43. [PMID: 23689268 DOI: 10.1159/000351039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovotesticular disorder of sexual development (OT-DSD) is an unusual form of DSD, characterized by the coexistence of testicular and ovarian tissue in the same individual. In this report, we present clinical, cytogenetic and molecular data of an Egyptian patient with ambiguous genitalia and OT-DSD, who had a unique karyotype comprising 3 different cell lines: mos 46,X,dic(X;Y)(p22.33;p11.32)/45,X/ 45,dic(X;Y)(p22.33;p11.32). This mosaic karyotype probably represents 2 different events: abnormal recombination between the X and Y chromosomes during paternal meiosis and postzygotic abnormality in mitotic segregation of the dic(X;Y) chromosome, resulting in a mosaic karyotype. The presence of the sex-determining region Y (SRY) gene explains the development of testicular tissue. On the other hand, other factors, including the presence of a 45,X cell line, partial SRY deletion, X inactivation pattern, and position effect, could be contributed to genital ambiguity. Explanation of the patient's phenotype in relation to the genotype is discussed with a literature review. We conclude that FISH analysis with X- and Y-specific probes and molecular analysis of the SRY gene are highly recommended and allow accurate diagnosis for optimal management of cases with ambiguous genitalia.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Mazen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
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Mohamed AM, Ghanem MA, Kassem A. Problems and perceived needs for medical ethics education of resident physicians in Alexandria teaching hospitals, Egypt. East Mediterr Health J 2012; 18:827-35. [PMID: 23057371 DOI: 10.26719/2012.18.8.827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
There is a call for greater preparation for the ethical challenges encountered by physicians in their future professional duties. This study in Egypt aimed to reveal problems and perceived needs for medical ethics education of resident physicians working at University of Alexandria hospitals. In a descriptive, cross-sectional survey, 128 residents answered a self-administered questionnaire. More than half were of the opinion that their medical ethics course was ineffective; 56.3% mentioned poor curricular planning. The majority complained that the subject was not tailored to specialties, the course was too short, there was a shortage of resources to facilitate the educational process and that assessment was done for knowledge but not for skills. Problems related to staffing were low staff:student ratios and staff lack of experience. Trainees, regardless of clinical discipline, felt that there was a great need for improvement to their medicalethics education.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Mohamed
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
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20
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El Din MS, Amin DG, Ragab SB, Ashour EE, Mohamed MH, Mohamed AM. Frequency of VKORC1 (C1173T) and CYP2C9 genetic polymorphisms in Egyptians and their influence on warfarin maintenance dose: proposal for a new dosing regimen. Int J Lab Hematol 2012; 34:517-24. [PMID: 22533669 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-553x.2012.01426.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Warfarin is one of the most widely used anticoagulants, yet interindividual differences in drug response, a narrow therapeutic range and a high risk of bleeding or stroke complicate its use. We aimed to determine the allele and genotype frequency of VKORC1 1173 C>T, CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 variant polymorphisms in the Egyptian population and to evaluate their influence on the interindividual differences in warfarin dosage. METHODS A total of 154 unrelated healthy adult patients and 46 warfarin-treated patients were included. SYBR Green-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used for studying VKORC1 (C1173T) and CYP2C9*3 polymorphisms. Mutagenically separated PCR assay was used to detect the CYP2C9*2 allele. RESULTS VKORC1 genotype frequencies were 11%, 24% and 65% for CC, CT and TT, respectively. The prevalence of CYP2C9 haplotypes was 81% (*1\*1), 3.3% (*1\*2), 9.7% (*1\*3), 4.5% (*2\*2) and 0.65% (2\*3 and *3\*3). VKORC1 TT and CYP2C9*2\*2 were associated with a significantly lower warfarin dose. VKORC1 and CYP2C9 accounted for 31.7% and 15.6% of warfarin dose variability, respectively, and together with clinical factors explained 61.3% of total variability. CONCLUSION VKORC1-TT and CYP2C9 *1/*1 are the most prevalent genotypes among Egyptians. Patients with VKORC1-TT genotype required a lower warfarin dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S El Din
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Zaki MS, Mohamed AM, Kamel AK, El-Gerzawy AMS, El-Ruby MO. Emanuel syndrome due to unusual segregation of paternal origin. Genet Couns 2012; 23:319-328. [PMID: 22876593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Emanuel syndrome is an inherited chromosomal abnormality resulting from 3:1 meiotic segregation from parental balanced translocation carrier t(11;22)(q23;q11), mostly of maternal origin. It is characterized by mental retardation, microcephaly, preauricular tag or sinus, ear anomalies, cleft or high arched palate, micrognathia, congenital heart diseases, kidney abnormalities, structural brain anomalies and genital anomalies in male. Here in, we describe a female patient with supernumerary der(22) syndrome (Emanuel syndrome) due to balanced translocation carrier father t(11;22) (q23;q11). She was mentally and physically disabled and had most of the craniofacial dysmorphism of this syndrome. Our patient had cleft palate, maldeveloped corpus callosum and hind brain with normal internal organs. Additionally, arachnodactyly, hyperextensibility of hand joints, abnormal deep palmar and finger creases, extra finger creases and bilateral talipus were evident and not previously described with this syndrome. Cytogenetic analysis and FISH documented that the patient had both translocation chromosomes plus an additional copy of der(22) with karyotyping: 47,XX,t(11; 22)(q23;q11),+der(22)t(11;22)(q23;q11). We postulated that this rare chromosomal complement can arise from; 2:2 segregation in the first meiotic division of the balanced translocation father followed by non-disjunction at meiosis II in the balanced spermatocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Zaki
- Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
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Hanafi MI, Mohamed AM, Kassem MS, Shawki M. Needlestick injuries among health care workers of University of Alexandria Hospitals. East Mediterr Health J 2011; 17:26-35. [PMID: 21735798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this cross-sectional study were to investigate the prevalence and circumstances of needlestick injury (NSI) among heath care workers at University of Alexandria teaching hospitals and to assess the effectiveness of the existing control measures and standard precautions. Data were obtained by anonymous, self-reporting questionnaire from 645 nurses, physicians and ancillary staff in 2007. Around two-thirds of workers (67.9%) had suffered at least 1 NSI in the last 12 months. High-risk patients (with history of HIV, hepatitis B virus or, hepatitis C virus infection or injecting drug use) were involved in 8.2% of injuries. On evaluating the effectiveness of existing control measures, significant protective factors against NSI were: using devices with safety features (OR 0.41), adherence to infection control guidelines (OR 0.42), training in injection safety (OR 0.14), comfortable room temperature (OR 0.32) and availability of a written protocol for prompt reporting (OR 0.37).
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Hanafi
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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Mohamed AM, Hassouna MS, Kassem MS. Gender differences in factors associated with patients' decisions to seek treatment for urinary incontinence in Alexandria, Egypt. East Mediterr Health J 2010; 16:1170-1182. [PMID: 21218742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this descriptive, hospital-based comparative cross-sectional survey was to determine gender differences in factors associated with patients' decisions to seek treatment for urinary incontinence (Ul). Using an interview questionnaire, data were collected from 353 patients attending clinics at hospitals in Alexandria, Egypt. There were differences between males and females regarding specific psychosocial factors motivating health care seeking behaviour. Women had fewer hospital admissions and hospital days and less use of diagnostic procedures and surgery. More women suffered from at least one negative impact on their social lives compared to men. The impact of symptoms on quality of life appeared to be the main trigger for seeking help for UI in both men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Mohamed
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Zeeneldin AA, Mohamed AM, Abdel HA, Taha FM, Goda IA, Abodeef WT. Survival effects of cyclooxygenase-2 and 12-lipooxygenase in Egyptian women with operable breast cancer. Indian J Cancer 2009; 46:54-60. [PMID: 19282568 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.48597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the commonest among women in Egypt as well as in many other countries. Cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 12-lipo-oxygenase (12-LOX) are over-expressed in 30-40% of patients and carry a poor prognosis. The objectives of this study were to correlate COX-2 and 12-LOX expression with various clinico-pathologic patients' characteristics and their impact on overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) in Egyptian women with operable BC. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective study included 57 consecutive BC cases presenting to the Egyptian National Cancer Institute. Sections from BC and nearby normal tissues were examined for expression of COX-2 and 12-LOX using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The patients' median age was 45 years. Fifty-three percent were premenopausal. Stage II and III disease represented 25 and 75% respectively. Adjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy and tamoxifen were used in 90, 75 and 60% respectively. Sixty percent had hormone-receptor positive tumors and 28% over-expressed HER2/neu. Forty-nine and sixty-five percent showed over-expression of COX-2 and 12-LOX respectively. Patients with higher TNM stage or who developed visceral metastases had significantly higher COX-2 expression. For the whole group of patients, the median DFS was 37 months, while the median OS was not reached. OS or DFS did not differ significantly between patients with normal and over-expression of COX-2. DFS but not OS was significantly higher in 12-LOX over-expression compared to normal expression. CONCLUSION COX-2 over-expression was associated with poor prognostic criteria in BC, but did not affect DFS or OS. 12-LOX over-expression was associated with better DFS, but not OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Zeeneldin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, NCI, Cairo Univ, Egypt.
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Pakeer O, Jeffery J, Mohamed AM, Ahmad F, Baharudin O. Four cases of pediculosis caused by Pthirus pubis Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera: Anoplura) from peninsular Malaysia. Trop Biomed 2007; 24:101-103. [PMID: 18209717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Four cases of pediculosis, two in adults and two in children, caused by the crab-louse, Pthirus pubis Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera: Anoplura) is reported from peninsular Malaysia. This is the second report of the problem to be documented from the country. Although P. pubis is closely associated with genital hairs, it is, however, also found to occur on the eyelashes, eyebrows, hairs of the body, head and axilla. The few reported cases of pthiriasis probably do not reflect the true situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Pakeer
- Kulliyah of Medicine, International Islamic University, P.O. Box 141, 25710 Kuantan, Pahang, peninsular Malaysia
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Temtamy SA, Kamel AK, Ismail S, Helmy NA, Aglan MS, El Gammal M, El Ruby M, Mohamed AM. Phenotypic and cytogenetic spectrum of 9p trisomy. Genet Couns 2007; 18:29-48. [PMID: 17515299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Trisomy 9p is one of the most frequent autosomal anomalies compatible with long survival rate. The spectrum of clinical severity in trisomy 9 roughly correlates with the extent of trisomic chromosome material. Trisomy 9p is a clinically well delineated syndrome and of all stigmata craniofacial dysmorphism is most specific. In this study we report five cases with de novo trisomy 9p. The study aimed at the identification of the genotype/phenotype correlations in patients with different breakpoints. GTG banding, DAPI stain, whole chromosome paint, centromere, telomere and 9p21 specific locus probes demonstrated that partial trisomy 9p in case 1 was due to isochromosome 9p with translocation of the long arm of re-arranged chromosome 9 onto the short arm of chromosome 13, cases 2 and 3 had intrachromosomal duplication of the short arm of chromosome 9 [dup(9)(p21p24)], case 4 had "classical" 9p trisomy and case 5 had duplication of whole short arm and part of the long arm of chromosome 9 (partial 9 trisomy). Although cases 1 to 4 had trisomy involving 9p, cases 1 and 2 exhibited the classical clinical manifestations of 9p trisomy, while cases 3 and 4 had additional features overlapping with Coffin-Siris syndrome. The present study strengthens the association of Coffin-Siris syndrome and 9p, the significance of such observations may point to possible gene location of Coffin-Siris syndrome on 9p. Case 5 had additional manifestations more than those typical of trisomy 9p which could be due to duplication of 9q21 region. Wide gap between 1st and 2nd toes, observed in the studied cases, can be added to the phenotype of this trisomy. Three of our cases had brain malformations, case 3 had dilated ventricles with hypogenesis of corpus callosum, case 4 had agenesis of corpus callosum, and case 5 had Dandy-Walker malformation. We also suggest that dosage effects of genes located in 9pter-q22 contribute to the etiology of Dandy-Walker syndrome. We recommend MRI studies as a routine in all cases with trisomy 9p.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Temtamy
- Clinical Genetics Department, Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, National Research Centre, Egypt.
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El-Ansary A, Mohamed AM, Mahmoud SS, El-Bardicy S. On the pathogenicity of attenuated Schistosoma mansoni cercariae released from metabolically disturbed Biomphalaria alexandrina. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 2003; 33:777-94. [PMID: 14708853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Biomphalaria alexandrina were treated with sublethal concentrations (LC10) of dry powdered leaves Solanum nigrum or whole dry Ambrosia maritima. The two plants affected the development of schistosome parasite within snails by disturbing the glycolytic flux, the most important metabolic pathway for schistosome-infected snails. Attenuated cercariae released from treated snails were used to infect male albino mice to evaluate their pathogenicity compared to control cercariae shed from untreated snails. The mean number of worms established declined from about 70 +/- 17.6 worms/mouse infected with control cercariae to 23.4 +/- 20.33 and 14.18 +/- 10.06 worms/mouse infected with S. nigrum and A. maritima-attenuated cercariae respectively. Most males and females detected in these animals measured 0.4-0.6 and 0.6-1.2 mm respectively compared to 1.2-1.4 and 1.4-1.7 mm in males and females released from mice infected with normal cercariae. Egg count in the liver and intestine of mice infected with attenuated cercariae was remarkably lower showing reduced fecundity of worms developed from attenuated cercariae. Number and size of granulomatous reactions showed remarkable reduction in attenuated cercariae-infected mice. Biochemical analyses for pathogenicity achieved with attenuated cercariae showed that while serum aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST &ALT) were more or less similar, depleted glycogen and elevated lipid peroxides were normalized when compared to those infected with normal cercariae.
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Affiliation(s)
- A El-Ansary
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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Wadie BS, Shehab El-Dein AB, Mohamed AM, Elhalwagy SM, Ghoneim MA. Short-term results of rotoresection for benign prostatic hyperplasia: a prospective study of safety and efficacy. BJU Int 2003; 92:710-2. [PMID: 14616452 DOI: 10.1046/j.1464-410x.2003.04473.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the safety and efficacy of rotoresection as a method for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty patients were prospectively enrolled between September 2000 and May 2001 (mean age 61 years, sd 6, range 52-78). All patients had a symptom score (AUA) of > 12, a maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) of < 12 mL/s, a prostate of 20-80 mL and a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of 0-4 ng/mL. Patients with prostate or bladder cancer, a PSA level of > 10 ng/mL, previous prostate surgery, previous pelvic surgery, urethral stricture, active urinary tract infection (UTI), acute urine retention, neuropathic bladder and a serum creatinine of > 1.8 mg/mL were excluded. The adenoma was resected using the Rotoresect system (Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany); the mean (sd) operative duration was 45.2 (9.9) min. The catheter was removed after 1.97 (0.3) days and patients assessed at 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery by an AUA score, Qmax, blood haemoglobin level, urine analysis and transrectal ultrasonography; all patients but two completed the follow-up. RESULTS At 6 months the mean (sd) AUA score decreased from 20.5 (3.8) to 1.6 (1.3), the Qmax increased from 8.7 (2) to 25.3 (12.6) mL/s, and the total prostate volume decreased from 36.5 (13) to 20.5 (7.8) mL. The mean initial haemoglobin level was 138 (10) g/L and at 1 month was 135 (12) g/L. No patient required a blood transfusion or had signs of transurethral resection syndrome. Early complications included UTI and mild stress incontinence in 10 and 11 patients, respectively. At 6 months these patients had sterile urine and were continent. Two patients had a urethral stricture and posterior urethral stone at 6 months and were treated successfully. CONCLUSION In the short-term, rotoresection is a safe and effective method for treating BPH; there was no significant blood loss or resection syndrome. The hospital stay was short, with excellent functional results.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Wadie
- Urology & Nephrology Centre, Mansoura, Egypt.
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29
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Mohamed AM, Wolf W, Spiess WEL. Physical, morphological and chemical characteristics, oil recovery and fatty acid composition of Balanites aegyptiaca Del. kernels. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2002; 57:179-189. [PMID: 12049150 DOI: 10.1023/a:1015237612018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Balanites aegyptiaca Del. kernels were chemically, physically and morphologically characterized. Crude oil (49.0%) and crude protein (32.4%) were the two major constituents of the kernels. Phytic acid content was relatively high compared to other legumes. In contrast, antitryptic activities of the kernel flours were very low. Sapogenin contents of the full fat, defatted and testa flours were 1.5, 2.7 and 3.0%, respectively. The hardness of the kernel was found to be about 10.4 x 10(5) N/m2, which was somewhat high. The morphological structure of the kernel using a scanning electron microscope revealed that the protein matrix was embedded in a lake of oil droplets. Oil recovery, as a function of pressing time, pressure, temperature and particle size was investigated. With increasing temperature up to 70 degrees C at 400 bar, for 120 min, an oil recovery of 79.4% was obtained. Using an expeller at 115 degrees C, about 85% of the kernel oil was recovered. The reduction of particle size had a negative effect on oil recovery under the same conditions. The fatty acid composition was not affected by the pressing temperature up to 115 degrees C. The total amount of the unsaturated fatty acids was found to be up to 74.8% (50 degrees C) and 75.1% (115 degrees C) of the total fatty acids content.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Mohamed
- Federal Research Centre for Nutrition, Karlsruhe, Germany
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30
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Soliman K, El-Ansary A, Mohamed AM. Effect of carnosine administration on metabolic parameters in bilharzia-infected hamsters. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2001; 129:157-64. [PMID: 11337259 DOI: 10.1016/s1096-4959(01)00332-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carnosine is a naturally occurring dipeptide (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) found in muscles, brain and other tissues. This study was designed to test the ability of carnosine to offset metabolic disturbances induced by Schistosoma mansoni parasitism. Results indicate that parasitic infection caused elevation of liver weight/body weight in S. mansoni-infected hamsters, induced lipid peroxidation and reduced glycogen levels. Moreover, adenylate energy charge (AEC) and ATP/ADP and ATP/AMP concentration ratios were markedly lower in infected hamsters. Administration of carnosine (10 mg/day) for 15 days concurrent with infection effectively reduced worm burden and egg count. Administration of carnosine 2 and 4 weeks post-exposure only partially ameliorated the S. mansoni effects on metabolism. Carnosine treatment also normalized most of the parameters measured, including glycogen repletion, the antioxidant status and AEC. These finding support the use of carnosine for possible intervention in schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Soliman
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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31
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el-Ansary A, Sammour M, Mohamed AM. Susceptibility of Biomphalaria alexandrina to infection with Schistosoma mansoni: correlation with the activity of certain glycolytic enzymes. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 2000; 30:547-60. [PMID: 10946515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The importance of the glycolytic flux for the success of Biomphalaria-Schistosome sporocyst interaction was acertained in this study. Hexokinase (HK), pyruvate kinase(PK), glucose phosphate isomerase(GPI) and lactate dehydrogenase (LD) as four important glycolytic enzymes were markedly stimulated in trematode infected Biomphalaria alexandrina when measured two weeks post exposure to infection with Schistosoma mansoni miracidia. On the other hand phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase (PEPCK), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and fructose 1,6 diphosphatase(FDPase) as three gluconeogenic enzymes were slightly affected which confirm the importance of the glycolytic pathway for schistosome-exposed snails. Effect of LC25 of Solanum nigrum leaves dry powder as plant molluscicide on HK, PK and GPI were tested. Treatment with this plant resulted in a significant inhibition of these three investigated enzymes. LC10 concentrations of S. nigrum reduced considerably the infection rate of B. alexandrina with S. mansoni to be 34% compared to an infection rate of 80% in control, non-treated snails. Longer prepatent period and remarkable decrease in cercarial production was also recorded in snails treated with the sublethal concentrations of the molluscicide. As conclusion, susceptibility of B. alexandrina to infection with the digenetic trematode S. mansoni is correlated to the activity levels of the glycolytic enzymes. Moreover, sublethal and less pollutant concentration of S. nigrum could be recommended to control schistosomiasis by disturbing the intramolluscan environment of the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- A el-Ansary
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
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32
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Soliman KM, el-Ansary AK, Mohamed AM. Effect of carnosine administration on certain metabolic parameters in bilharzial infected hamsters. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 2000; 30:455-68. [PMID: 10946508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to test the ability of carnosine to cure the metabolic disturbances induced by Schistosoma mansoni parasite. Results indicate that parasitic infection caused elevation of liver weight/body weight of S. mansoni infected hamsters, induced lipid peroxidation and reduced glycogen level. Moreover, the adenylate energy charge (AEC), ATP/ADP and ATP/AMP concentration ratios were markedly lower in infected hamsters. Administration of carnosine (10 mg/day) for 15 days either concurrent with infection, 2 and 4 weeks post exposure was effective in reducing worm burden and egg count only when given at the time of infection. It was also effective in renormalizing most of the measured parameters confirming the glycogen repletion, the antioxidant and AEC correcting actions of carnosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Soliman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
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33
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Khashaba PY, El-Shabouri SR, Emara KM, Mohamed AM. Analysis of some antifungal drugs by spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric methods in different pharmaceutical dosage forms. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2000; 22:363-76. [PMID: 10719920 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(99)00280-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Simple spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric methods are suggested for the determination of antifungal drugs; clotrimazole, econazole nitrate, ketoconazole, miconazole and tolnaftate. Spectrophotometric one depends on the interaction between imidazole antifungal drugs as n-electron donor with the pi acceptor 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) in methanol or with p-chloranilic acid (p-CA) in acetonitrile. The produced chromogens obey Beer's law at lambda(max) 460, and 520 nm in the concentration range 22.5-200 and 7.9-280 microg ml(-1) for DDQ, and p-CA, respectively. Spectrofluorimetric method is based on the measurement of the native fluorescence of ketoconazole at 375 nm with excitation at 288 nm and or the induced fluorescence after alkaline hydrolysis of tolnaftate with 5 M NaOH solution at 420 nm with excitation at 344 nm. Fluorescence intensity versus concentration is linear for ketoconazole at 49.7-800 ng ml(-1) while for tolnaftate, it is in the range of 20.4-400 ng ml(-1). The proposed methods were applied successfully for the determination of all the studied drugs in their pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Y Khashaba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Assiut University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egypt
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34
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Mohamed AM, Wolf W, Spiess WE. Recovery and characterization of Balanites aegyptiaca Del. kernel proteins. Effect of defatting, air classification, wet sieving and aqueous ethanol treatment on solubility, digestibility, amino acid composition and sapogenin content. Nahrung 2000; 44:7-12. [PMID: 10702992 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3803(20000101)44:1<7::aid-food7>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In order to find alternative protein sources in African regions where protein deficiency in nutrition is prevailing, solubility, in-vitro digestibility, amino acid composition and chemical score of Balanites aegyptiaca Del. kernel proteins were investigated as a function of different processing steps including defatting, air classification, wet sieving and aqueous ethanol treatment. Air classification delivered a fine fraction of 58.1% of the total protein. Applying a wet sieving process, a protein concentrate of 72.9% protein content was achieved but the recovery was very low (35.6%). However, in case of isoelectric precipitation followed by aqueous ethanol treatment both protein content (78.2%) and recovery (53.7%) were high. Data concerning the chemical score revealed, that lysine content of the defatted kernel flour amounted to 74.2% of the recommended FAO/WHO standard level. In-vitro protein digestibility was found to be higher than of legume proteins. The digestible protein of the full fat flour, defatted flour, air classified and wet sieved fine fractions and protein concentrate were 91.9, 93.7, 82.0, 86.4 and 94.2%, respectively. The sapogenin content per 100 g protein of the investigated protein preparations was significantly lower (46% to 62%) than of the initial material (oilcake).
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Mohamed
- Federal Research Centre for Nutrition, Karlsruhe, Germany
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35
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Ulèová-Gallová Z, Krauz V, Mohamed AM, Rokyta Z. Immunity to spermatozoa and male fertility. Andrologia 1999; 31:318-9. [PMID: 10526649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunological characterization of semen and male fertility are discussed. The pH of seminal plasma is very similar in groups of fertile and infertile men. Nonspecific immunological factors such as lysozyme, C3c, alpha-1 antitrypsin and beta-2 microglobulin were significantly higher in 14% of infertile men. Seminal antibodies agglutinating spermatozoa are frequently observed in IgG and IgA isotypes. High levels of seminal anti-phospholipid antibodies in seminal plasma could influence epitopes on the endometrium, oocyte or early embryo in patients with repeated unexplained spontaneous miscarriages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ulèová-Gallová
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
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36
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Mohamed AM, Taye T, Akuffo HO. Mechanisms of resistance to Leishmania aethiopica. I. Interferon-gamma in combination with a cytokine (not tumor necrosis factor-alpha) is required, but cannot act alone in the inhibition of intracellular forms of L. aethiopica in THP1 cells. Eur J Immunol 1992; 22:2331-7. [PMID: 1516623 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830220923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Following exposure to promastigotes of various Leishmania species, mononuclear cells from non-exposed as well as potentially exposed individuals produced a cytokine response which inhibited intracellular forms of Leishmania aethiopica in a permissive monocytic cell line (THP1). Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), was one of the cytokines responsible for this anti-leishmanial effect. IFN-gamma was necessary for inhibition but could not act on its own inhibiting L. aethiopica. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha seemed not to be involved in the anti-L. aethiopica effect. The observed effects were in the absence of endotoxin. The results suggest that the mechanisms of killing of L. aethiopica in human cells may differ from those responsible for inhibition of other Leishmania parasites (such as Leishmania major) in mouse macrophages. Furthermore, that potentially relevant responses to Leishmania antigens may exist in normal individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Mohamed
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge Hospital, Sweden
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Mohamed AM, Hassan HY, Mohamed HA, Hussein SA. Use of 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane for spectrophotometric determination of certain local anaesthetics and procainamide hydrochloride. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1991; 9:525-30. [PMID: 1840129 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(91)80173-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A simple and rapid spectrophotometric procedure has been developed for the determination of four local anaesthetics containing a free primary amine moiety and of procainamide hydrochloride as the drug substances and in dosage forms. The method is based on the reaction of the drug with 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane in alkaline solution to produce yellow products. The chromogen was measured at 473 nm. The effects of several variables on colour development were established. Job's plots of absorbance versus molar ratio of drug to reagent indicated a 1:1 ratio for all the drugs studied. Results of the analysis of drug substances and their dosage forms by the proposed method are in good agreement with those obtained by the USP XX method.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Egypt
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38
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Abstract
A simple spectrophotometric method for the determination of 15 sulphonamides in bulk and in dosage forms is described. The method is based on the interaction of p-benzoquinone with sulphonamides in 0.1 M hydrochloric acid. The resulting chromophore is measured at 500 nm. The effects of different variables on colour development were established. Beer's law was obeyed in a concentration range of 10-50 micrograms ml-1. Results from the analysis of different sulphonamide tablets and ophthalmic solutions marketed locally were in good agreement with that of a reference method. Correlations between A1cm(1%) and certain physical parameters such as pKa values, characteristic volume Vx, and molecular connectivity indices 1X and 1Xv were determined by linear regression equations. A poor correlation was found between A1cm(1%) and bulkiness parameters but a highly significant negative correlation was obtained with apparent pKa values.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Egypt
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39
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Mohamed AM. Spectrophotometric determination of some benzene sulfonamides with 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 1989; 72:885-9. [PMID: 2592309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A new spectrophotometric method for the determination of some unsubstituted benzene sulfonamides is presented. The method is based on the interaction of these derivatives with 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane at pH 9.0-9.5 to produce intense blue products. The quantitation of the products was carried out at 578 nm. Beer's law was obeyed over a wide range of concentrations for all sulfonamide compounds studied. Optimum analytical conditions were determined, and the color produced was stable for at least 90 min at 25 degrees C. Analytical data for determination of sulfonamide compounds in pure form are presented together with application of the proposed method for analysis of some commercially available pharmaceutical preparations. The results are in good agreement with those obtained by official procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Mohamed
- Assiut University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Egypt
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Mohamed AM, el-Sharief AM, Ammar YA, Aly MM. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new 2,5-imidazolidinediones. Pharmazie 1989; 44:765-7. [PMID: 2616624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
1,3-Diphenyl-4-thione-2,5-imidazolidinedione (3) was reacted with amino compounds and o-diamines to give 1,3-diphenyl-4-substituted imino-2,5-imidazolinediones (4a-m) and 1,3-diphenyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]quinoxaline-2(3H)-ones (5a-c), respectively. Condensation of 3 with hydrazines afforded the corresponding hydrazone derivatives (6a-c). Reaction of 6a with acetyl chloride, aromatic aldehydes, arylsulphonyl chlorides, phthalic acid anhydrides and isocyanates or thiocyanates furnished 6d, furnished the acetyl-amido derivative 6b, the benzylidenimino derivatives 7a-d, the arylsulphonamido derivatives 8a-b, the phthalimido derivatives 9a-b and the ureido and thioureido derivatives 10a-b, respectively. Again compound 3 was reacted with n-butylmagnesium bromide or diazomethane to give the dibutyl derivative 12 or 13.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo
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Mohamed AM, Hussein SA, el-Shabouri SR. Spectrofluorometric assay of thiamine hydrochloride in injections and multivitamin preparations. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 1988; 71:1131-3. [PMID: 3240967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A spectrofluorometric method is described for the determination of thiamine hydrochloride. The method is based on formation of a fluorescent product by oxidation of thiamine HCl with 2,3,5,6-tetrabromo-1,4-benzoquinone in aqueous acetonitrile solution. The reaction product is stable for at least 6 h and shows excitation and emission maxima around 355 and 420 nm, respectively. The method is highly selective for thiamine HCl in the presence of other B vitamins. Thiamine HCl can be determined at concentrations as low as 20-160 ng/mL of the final solutions. When the method was applied to the determination of thiamine HCl added to some commercially available multivitamin preparations, recoveries were 98.78-99.98%.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Mohamed
- Assiut University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Egypt
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Mohamed AM, Ishak MM. Comparative studies on the effects of castration and Schistosome-infection on Bulinus truncatus. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 1982; 12:499-512. [PMID: 7153563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Mohamed AM, el-Fiki SA, el-Sawy MF, el-Wakil H. Effect of prolonged exposure of Biomphalaria alexandrina to low concentrations of some molluscicides. I. Effects on longevity, growth rate, fecundity and susceptibility to schistosome infection. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 1981; 11:295-311. [PMID: 7299171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Mohamed AM, el-Fiki S, el-Sawy MF, el-Sawy MF. Effect of prolonged exposure of Biomphalaria alexandrina snails to low concentrations of some molluscicides. II. On total tissue proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 1981; 11:459-68. [PMID: 7299180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Abstract
Human biopsy specimens from white patches on the mucosae of tongue and lips which had previously given positive cultures for Candida albicans were examined. The specimens were processed for electron microscopy by conventional techniques. The fine structure of the superficial layer of the epithelium revealed Candida albicans in extra- and intracellular sites. Penetration into the deeper layers was not observed. The fungus had a thick cell wall surrounded by an outer floccular layer. The cytoplasm of the superficial epithelial cells showed degenerative changes and fragmentation of tonofilaments in the immediate vicinity of the fungus. Microabscesses, formed by pools of neutrophils, were common in the upper spinous layer. In places, fungi and bacteria appear to have been phagocytosed by neutrophils and macrophages. The cells of the lower spinous and basal layers showed detachment of desmosomes, marked increase in intracellular glycogen, prominent lysosome-like dense bodies and abundant mitochondria of differing shapes. At the epithelia-connective tissue junction, fine filaments and collagen fibrils were intermingled throughout the basal lamina, forming multiple, highly electron-dense layers. A noticeable change in the connective tissue was the accumulation of numerous mast cells containing differently shaped granules filled with scrolls and dense strands of granular material. The terminal blood vessel exhibited leakage and numerous, concentric duplications of the basal lamina.
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Ishak MM, Mohamed AM, Sharaf AA. Carbohydrate metabolism in uninfected and trematode-infected snails Biomphalaria alexandrina and Bulinus truncatus. Comp Biochem Physiol B 1975; 51:499-505. [PMID: 1157458 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(75)90045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Ishak MM, Sharaf AA, Mohamed AM, Mousa AH. Studies on the mode of action of some molluscicides on the snail, Biomphalaria alexandrina. I. Effect of Bayluscide, sodium pentachlorophenate, and copper sulphate on succinate, glutamate, and reduced TMPD oxidation. Comp Gen Pharmacol 1970; 1:201-8. [PMID: 5527555 DOI: 10.1016/0010-4035(70)90054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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